Full text of "The History of the war, between the United States and Great Britain, which commenced in June, 1812, and closed in February 1815 [microform] : containing the correspondence which passed between the two governments, immediately preceding and since hostitlities commenced; the declaration of war, and the official reports of land and naval engagements; compilied chiefly from public documents : with an appendix containing the correspondence which passed between our commissioners, and those appointed by Great-Britain in treating for peace : to which is added, the treaty of peace, and a list of vessels taken from Great-Britain during the war"

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1 2 3

» • ^ V » ^

S\ \ \ ^ \ ^

t ' \

'^ v\ ^\.\

VXITl

WHICH C0>!

THE COHRESI
IMMKUIATE

xnc CORBE:
AND TUO»l

AND A LIS

VR1NT

rnr.

HISTORY

.-^ ^. #

THE WAR,

BBTWREN THE

VXITEB STATES dJ^TD GRE.iT-BRIT.lIX,

WHICH COMMFNCID I.V .U'NE, 1812, AND CliOSEO IN FEBRUAHT, I8lf» ;

CONI'AININO

THE COHRESPONDENCE WHICH PACisfeU BCiWEKN THE TWO OOVEn^MENTg,

IMAIKUIATEL.V FIltCtDlNO, A>D SINCE UO:> I Ii<ril(.tl C(lMME^Ct.I) ; THE

DECLiARATlUN OK WAR, AND THfc UfKICIAii RbPOHro OK UA.NU ,. »

AND NAVAL 1':AGaGEMENT!s. ; .

COMPILED CHIEFLY FROM

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS,

WITH AN

Appendiw^

CoNrAlNlNO
THE CORRESP'>NOENCE WHICH PASt-KU BETWEEN OUR CnMMISSTOI«Bn»,
AND THOSE AI-FOINTLD BY GREAT-BKITAIN IN TREATIMG FuB fEACE.

TO WHICH 14 ADDED,

THE TREAl Y OF PEACE,

AND A LIST OP VESSELS TAKEPf FROM GREAT-BRITAIN

DURLNG THE WAR.

I' ,r

^ i'Hh.

COMPUTED

By J. RU8SELL, Jii.

J»econti ^bitton.

,»..■ -*

HARTFORD:

T>RjjrrEn jind published by b. ^ j. russell,

state Streel

ii '

\ I

\\i\ ^=i

Uislrid of'Coniiriiintt, ,sa.

V,--->: HE IT IlKMFJfnFRFJ), Tlinfnnlhf.lfnfhttayqf'July,
I L.S. I i)i Ifir Forlirf'i i,fnr oj llir hidi iimhfir nj ihr IJmtnl SltUr.i
?Ix-Mw.y, ofjincn'cit H 6^' J Uusstll. of Ihf snid Distnrl. depottilfd

in this ojjicr Ihf til/r of a Hcok the ri^hl ivherroj' they claim aa troprit'

tors, in the ivordsjulloini'ii. to nit

' The Hi'Aiin/ oJ Ihi If'iir hihveen the Vnilnl Slates a)id GrentHrilaint

'• which comiiic iird m June. ; 8 1 2, nnd cloned in Fth 1 8 1 o. contnining the

* correspondf nee nliich jinsned brhveen the two (iovemments immeiitatfiy
^ precedinrr nnd .since twsti ti ties commenced ; Itit declaration of W or. and

* tlie ojficial reports oJ land and naval en<rafienients. coniftHed chiejly from
^piihltc docnvients It'ilh au appendix, containing tite coriespondence

* wliich passed between our ('07nnii.'isinners and those appointed by Great-
*Britatu. in Ircalinfr Jim peace To which is added the t'reaty oJ Veace^

* and a list of vessels lakenfroin Great Uritam during the nar. Compiled
'by J RUSSELL. Jr'

In conjunnily to the Jlcl of the Congress of the Untied Slates, mlilled " ^n
^^acljor ttieenconra^ementoflearninfi, by securing the copies ofMaps^
" Charts, and Books, to tlie authors ai.'t proi/rietors of such copies, during
•' the tunes thaein mentioned "

HEXRY W. EDWARDS,
~,.. - Clerk of the District of Conneclicul.

,1 true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me,
H. IV. Edwards,

Clerk of (he. Diilrict ofConnecHcuf

INTRODUCTION.

An history of recent transijclions, must atways be exe-
cuted iiKiIer many, iiiid j^reut disudvanla^vs.

Ill a lime ol war, niaay iiiiport.iiit occurrences are but
im|)er('fcclly known, till the truth !•» ehciled by {f*ri\\ in-
vestit^atiou ; and, iu a<l(iitioii to this, the feehu^s of uieu
are so ardent, that an author cannot l)e expected to be wholly
impartial, when recouitinir tho.s^- events, ni which himself,
or hislrien*!*;, have acleil a conspicuous part.

The publishers wen, llierefure, of opinion, that at the
present time, the most useful IJislory of the War, would
be a faithful collection of Oiiicial Slate Papers, and accouhtM
of Military operaliinis. Snch a w«»rlv cannot be taxed
M'ith partiality ; and, it is pre>um<d, will be perused with
interest by every Americaii, who values his national
rights, and whose bosom glows, at the recital of those deeds
of valor, winch have exalted the honor of his conntrv.

If in some i .stances, Coiuniaiuling' OiVkums have seemed
to manifest a want of candour, it ought slill to be remem-
bered by the public, that they wrote in the heat of the oc-
casion ; and, often, while agonizing under wounds receiv-
ed from an exasperated enemy. iMotlern Histories of
Campaigns, are not, to say the least, mure candid, and are,
surely, less entitled to apology. Tins collection of Docu-
ments can never bec<une a useless volume ; for, besides fur-
nishing the best evidence ol fact to the inquisitive reader,
and future historian, it is a ready manuel, by which every
enquirer after truth, can at once adduce the best evidence
on questions which affect the character «)f tiie American
nation, relative to her nulitary prowess. Our readers will
feel satisiied, after its perusal, that they possess all the
OHicial inlotuialion, whuh can be obtained, relative to the
military movements, and bravery and skill of our country-
iiien in the fidil of battle. Perliaps, in some instances, the
losses and sufferino;s of the armies oi ho'h nations, have not
bceu fully ascerlai:!<-d : so w ide is the tield, that it is some-

''I'll!

\ \ '& « ^

lM'ROI3l< T10\.

what (lifTinilt to collect all llie facts. Oi» the vvuk'r, wlierc;
we have bei-ti |K:cii!iarly siicccsst'ul, the oflicial accou.its
more lullv an(i(:\|>lK'illv state Ihe loss, ns well as the coiii-
paradvo skill and hruvery of' the conteiidiiipr jiarties.

Ill the list of public niul private veKsels taken from the
enemy during the war, we have not •riven the whole num-
ber of men and griiiis, on board of a lart^e proportion of the
merchant vessels, as it was never otlicially slated. In
every instance of this kind, where we could not obtain cor-
rect intormation, we have left the number blank. We are
sorry to say it is w holly out of our power to accompany
the list of prizes with a correct list of the vessels we have
lost ; the enemy never having' ma<le a public statement of
their prizes, we could not culitici them from any authentic
source.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTEIU.

Page
Presidents* Message. 9

Monroe and Foster's Correspondence relative to the Orders in Cooncil*
Blockade;), and liupreasinent of Seauieu. 15,22,23, 26,27,38) 45, 62, 67

CHAPTER II.

Adjustment of the affair of the Chesapeake Frigate^

Monroe and Foster's Correspoudence relative to the Chesapeake

affair, 60, 6 1 ,62, 6.?,

President's Message, 63

Monroe and Foster's Correspondence relative to the

N on Importation Act, 63,67

CHAPTER III.

President's Manifesto,

Report of the Cummittee on Foregn Relations,

Declaration of War,

Yeas and Nays on the bill declaring War.

President's Proclamation Promulgating the Declaration of War.

CHAPTER IV.

79
91
ib.
93

First Prisoner, 94

First Prize. lb.

President's Message, lb.
Monroe and Foster's Letters relative to the Orders io Council, and

Berlin and Milan Decrees, 9^, 97^ 99,

President's Mfi^sage, 102

Mr Russtll's Letter to the Secretary of State, ib.

Liint Castlerf anil's Letter to Mr. Russell, ib.

Order in Council, . I0i>

Mr. Russeil's Letter to lord Castlereagh^ 10^

Loss of Gen Hull's baggage, 11!

Hull's Proclamation, to the Canadian^. « ib.

Skirmishing, near Sandwich, 119

Canadian Militia join Gen. ilull, ill,,

Ca^llire' of the Guerrier, IH'

(

•!,M

• ; t

ihti

CONTENTb.

Onlern in Council Rf vuk«'d« 1 1 &

Gi-n. Hull's 8tat«fm«>nt of hU CnpitulHtiun, 1 17, 118,

Majfir Vanhurn's Doff at, , I. '4

BHitleof Brownsloivii, («ir Mai;uaie'*.) ' ' ij5

Artinlt!* of caiiirulatiun nfii*n HiiiiV \rmy nuii Mirliiean TiTiilorjr, Ml
Culoncis C<t88, M'Arlhur, Fiiiilly, and Miliar, ruiiiuiistratu acuiutit

Gun HuII'h conduct. lit

Gen. Hrock'ii ProclainHli n to the Inhabitants uf Michigan Territory l.ii

A Card, from Col. tiyuiuieM tu Geo. Uruck,

Trial of Geii. ilull.

Ca|>lur»' of the Alert,

Cajit. Porter tu the Hecretnry of the Navy,

Gallant Defence ol Fort Harrin m,

MHJ'irJe8«up's corroboration of Col Cass' Stalemeut,

SkirinishitiK at 8t. John's river.

Bkiriniihing at Gananoquu, and OgdeDsburgli,

AtTair at 8t. Regis,

Ca;iture of the Detroit and Caledonia,

Massacre of llie Garrison of Fort Ciiiciitio,

Com Chauneey's RattltituKiagstuo Haibor,

Battle of ({ueviistoi],

Idfi
ib.

HI
ib.

146
ib.
U7
148
in.

155

CHAPTER V.

IVIonro«, Graham, Rn«6ell, Cnstlerrach, and Warren's Letters, re'a-

tivetoanaremistire,— 160, 162, 16J, 165, ltJ8, 169, J7l, l7J,l7*,176.
British Chatleiige, and American Acceptance, 1 79

CUArTEKVI.

Capliireoflhe Frolir;, and Loss of the Wasp,
Capture of lh« iMacedouian,
Capture of the Java,
Capture of the Peacock,

CHAPTER VH.

180

l&l
1J^2
ICG

Captarn ofLidle York,

i*iipttulation of Yi>rk,

Gen. Winchester's Defe.it,

aia-sacte of Gen. W inchestcr's Army,

iitdiat) Expedition,

Uen. Sfoylh't* Exppdition,

Ca^it. Forsy lh'» Espediiion,

CHAPTER VIH.

1€9, 190, 193,
1^2

196
1!)8

ib.

Harrison's Baltie nt Louor Sanuii^'Ky,

Pmcior's demand t">ti- ihe eiirrendf r of Fort M^-ig*,

Capture olForl 0'v'u^^c,

200

203

CONTEST!!.

Vli

to?

209
lb.

aji

312

S13

214

314,216

316

ib.

S17

9?(

Caplurr of Pnrt Erie,

ChNiiii(;»-y'!4 hrroiini ofthp mplurp of Port (icnrf^P,

C'hRui>(*«)'> lit'ltrr to ihf Kccr«lnry nfthr Nnvy, vuOTfjiog Ihe

Hrrtiiilariln takrn At Vnrk Mnii Port Ueurge,
Capture ol the irai)H|inrt l^ily Murray,
Hafile at Porfy iMik Crefk,
Attack on SMckfttV Harbor,

Capture of Ftiurtfi-n Bi iiish Transport Boat^ on T^ake Ontario,
MMJ«>r CrogJtan'a Vlrlory,
l^»y> ofltic Pritfiiie Ctiettnppakr,
Capture of Little York, Ihe second time,
Capture of the Doiiiiaico,
Buriiint; of Sodus,
At lark on (!raiify Island,
Ca|)lure of Hampton,
Munler of Jutin 1) (travel,
Skinnisliini; at Fort (Jeorce,
Destruction of liidiuii town!*,
Yankee Trick,
Capture of the Boxer,

CHAPTER IX.

Capture of Ihe British fleet un Lake Erie,

Capture of Maiden,

Battle at the Moravian Towns,

Tecuinseh's Speech to G»-n. Proctor, '.

Harrison and Perry'a Proclamation,

Capture of a British Fleet on Luke Ontario,

Something Singular,

Com. Rodgers* Cruise,

Col Clarku*!) Expedition,

Massacre at Fort Tensaw,

Wiikiuson and Hampton's Expedition,

CHAPTER X.

Jackson, White, and Coffee's Victories over the Creek Tndians,

236, 237, 238, iiid, 243, 24«
Gen Floyd's Victories, 240 242

Gen. Clbiburne's Victory, 24|

CHAPTER XT.

Captain Porter's Cruise,

Limb of Fort Niagara, and burning of LenristowD, Mtnchwter,

and Tuscarora,
E'lrningof Buffatoe.and Black Rock,
C*pt Holmes' Victory,
Capture of Ihe Epervier,
Battle at Sfoney Point,
Loss of the Frigate Es^ex,

348

290
ib.

352
ib.

354

Till.

■M..:

--■IV* : 4.

Vltl

I ON J'KNTS.

Capture of Obwiro,
BnttM; oi Chi|>|K'way,
Cafilurt* of the Keinilerr,
Baile at (^ui'instun,
Bailie ol Erie,

260
SUI

SGJ

UU5

CnAI'TEK XII.

Capilulalion ol' Alfxnnilria,

Ca|*lur** of Washinulon,

Capture ofilie Britifth fleet on Lake Chainplnin,

Defeat oftien. I'niclor,

BuritinK oi Pelipaut^e,

Attack on SionuikCton,

Attack on Balllition!,

I)»ttat olthe Briiiftli at IMobile Point,

Battle ofBritlKfWHter,

Destruction of the Avon,

Kxpeditiuu Ironi Detroit,

CHAPTER xiir.

Capture of Persr.nla,

BiutlealNew () It-ans,

Defeat of the H tali liefore New. Orleans,

Lieut. Hhielils' Ifjjr^iedilinn,

Lieut. Johiieoir't Expedition,

Jackson's AiIjIi < ss to his army.

Loss of the Frigate President,

Capture of the ^»t. Laurence,

Delieat of the Hrilisn al Great Satill river,

Gun Boat No KiB, anfl the Erebus Frigate,

Caiiture of the Cyane and Ltvant,

Capture of the Penguin.

APPENDIX.

Correspondence, which passed between the coininis.«ioiiers of the two

governoients, whilst treatini; for peace, trnnsmitted to fhe Secretary of

Slate, iiOS, 3 i 1,315, 310, 32*, 331,340, 344,352, 369, 363, 366,366,

Treaty of pence, 368

Tiist of vessels taken from Great Britaio, 377

268
369,271
273
275
276
ib.
177
279
2 SO
282
383

284
286
287
283
289

ib.
29J
295
297

ib.
300
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CHAPTER 1. , 'j\'i

PRESIDENTS MESSAGE.' ^,,,^l,[

WASHINGTON CITY, NovcMBCiS, 1811

FelloW'Ciiizens of tlie SenalCt and of - . ^

Uie House of iltpraxnlatives.

IN calling you together sooner than a separation from
your homes would otherwise have been required, I yielded
to coMsiderutions drawn from the posture of our foreign af-
fairs ; and iu tixin<r the present for the tioie of your meet-
'n\^y regard was iuid to tlie probability of further develope-
iiteiits of Uie policy of the belligerent powers towards this
€ounti'y, which might the more unite the national councils^
in the measures to be pursued.

At the close of the last session of Congress, it was hoped
that the successive confirmations of the extinction of the
French Decrees, so far as they violated our neutral conio
luerce, would have induced the guvernmeut of Great-Bri-
tain to repeal its Orders in Council ', and thereby author-
ize a removal of the existing obstructions to her commerces
with the United States. .i. h .

Instead of this reasonable step towards 8atisfaclioh,^hd
friendship between the two nations, the Orders wefe^ at d
moment when least to have been expected, put into nior^
vigorous execution ; and it was conimunicated through the
British Envoy, just arrived, that whilst the revocation of
the £dicts of France, as officially made known to the Britisli
government, was denied to have taken place ; it was an

, H

'fi

( i

I*)

mSTORY OF THE WAtt.

indispensable coodilLion of the repeal of the British Orders,,
that commerce should he restored to h fooiinor, that would
admit the productions and nianufneUires of Great- Rn tarn,
ivhen owned by neutrals, into markets shut a^'aiust them by
her enemy; the Uoited States being given to understand
that, in the mean time, a continuance of their non-impor-
tation act would lead to measures of retaliation.

At a later date, it has iiide<'d appeared, th:it a commn-
nication to the British srovernment, of fresh e\ idence of the
re|)eal of the French Decrees aa^ainst our neutral trade,
was followed by an intimation, that it had been transmitted
to the British Plenipotentiary liel*e ; (n order that it might
receive full consideration in the depending discussions.
This communication appears not to h«ve been received ;
but the transmission or it hither, instead of foiiiidiug on it
an actual repeal of the Orders, or assurances that the re-
peal would ensue, '-vili not permit us to reiy on any effect-
ive change in the British cabinet. To be ready to meet
with cordiality satisfactory proofs of such a change, and to
pro<jeed,in the mean time, in adapting our measures to the
tiews which have been disclosed through that minister, wdl
l>est consult our whole <luty.

In the unfriendly spirit of those disclosures, indemnitv
and redress for other wrongs have continued to be withheld,
and our coasts and the mouths of our harbors have ag-ain
tvitnessed scenes, not less derogatory to the dearest of our
hatiohal rights, than vexatious to the regular course of uur

l^de. ^r^.,. ■■ ^ '. [.'-

Among the occtot'i*eiV<^^ji j^rodnced by the donduct of
British i^ips ot war hovering on our coasts, was an encoun-
ter Wtween one oftheiii and th^ American frigate com-
matided by Captain Rogers, rendered unavoidable on the
partpf the fatler, by a fire commenced without cause by the
Tormer ; whoile l:ommander is therefore, alone chargeable
Willi the blood unfortunately shed in maintaining the honor
of t|ie American flag. Hie proceedings of a cOnrt of en-
quiry» requested by Captain Rogers, are communicated ;
togiiNher with the correspondence relating to the occurrence
between the Secretary of Stale, and his firitanhic ^mi^esty's
Envoy. 1*0 these are added, the several correspondences
which have |)assed on the subject of the British Orders in
Gouocil ; and to both the correspondence relating to the

ploridas,
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$ers V

HI9TOIIT OF THE VTAX^. %X

jFIoridas, in which Coii|rreHS will be made acquainted with
the interpiMitiuH which the government of Great^Britain
has tbuuu^ht proj><^|' ^^ipaM^agi|i|^tthe proce^injrt of th«

The justice, and fairness which have beep evinced OH
the pari 01 the United States towards l^'rance, t>oth befpre
and since tlie revocation of her Decrees, authorised an ex«
pectation that her government would have fallowed up that
measure by all such others as w^re due to our reasonabl^b
claims as well as dictated by iLs amicable professions.
JSo prool, however, is yet given of an intention to re^iair
the other wrongs done to the United States : and particu«
larly to restore the great amount of American- proi)eriy
seized and condemned undor Edicts, w;hich, though no|.
aifecting our neutral relations, and therefore, not enttirinff
into questions between the United States and o^her belFi-
gerents, were nevertheless fpundeJ in such unjust priricU
pies, ^hat the reparation ought to have been prompt ani|[
ample.

In addition to this, and other demands of strict right, 'oA
that nation, the United States have much reaaon to be
dissiitistied with the rigorous and unexpected restriqtiorifi, ^
which their trade with the French dominipni has be^ sub-
jected : and which, if not discontiniied* will requife at lea^t
corresponding restrictions on importations from Ffan<$ts inU>
the Onited ^ates.

On a|l those subjects our Minister Plentpotenliary, l^tdiy
sent to Paris, has carried with him the necessary instruc-
tions ; tbe result of which will be communicated %p yoy,
and by ascertaining the ulterior policy of the French got-
ernment toward3 Uie United Stales, will enable you to adapt
to it that of the United states towards Franc«.

Our other foreign relations remain without unfavorable
changes. With Kussia they are on the best Noting of friend-
ship. The ports of Sweden have afforded proofs of friend-
ly dispositions towards our commerce, in the councils 6f
that nation also. And the information from out special
Minister to Denmark, shews that the mission had been at-
tenaed witli valuable effecU to our citizens, whose property
had been so extensively violated and endangered by crui-
sers under thp panii^ fls^,

I 'f^l

'*4r4 %A#' f •»

u^y

s*l< fi'fy/ -^i

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

Under the ominous indications whicb commanded altcii;
tion» it became a duty, to exert the uieans committed to the
Executive Department, in providing for the general securi-
ty. The works of defence on our maritime frontier have
accordingly been prosecuted, with an activity leaving* little
to be added for the completion of the most important ones ;
and &s particularly suited for co-operation in enteri^enries,
a portion of the Gun>Bottts, have, in particular harbors,
been ordered into use. The shi|>s of war before in commis-
sion, with the addition of a frigate, have been chiefly em-
ployed, as a cruizing* guard to the rights of our coast. And
sucn a disposition has been made of our land forces, as was
thought to promise the services most appropriate and impor-
tant. In this disposition is included a force, consisting of
regulars and militia, embodied in the Indiana Territory, and
inarched towai^s our North-Westem frontier. — This meas-
ure M*as made requisite by several murders and depreda-
tions committed by Indians ; but more especially by the
menacing preparations and aspect of a combiitatioii of them
on the Wabash luider the influence and direction of a fa-
natic of the Shawanese tribe. With these exceptions, the
Indian tribes retain their peaceable dispositions towards us,
and their usual pursuits.

I must now add, that the period is arrived which claims
from the Legislative Guardians of the national rights a sys-
tem of more ample provisions for maintaining them. ISol-
/withstanding the scrupulous justice, the protracted mode-
ration, and the multiplied efl'orts on the part of the United
States, to substitute for the accumulating dangers to the
peace of the two countries, all the mutual advantages of
re-established friendship and confidence ; we have seen that
the British Cabinet perseveres not only in withholding a
remedy for other wrongs so long and so loudly calling
/or it ; but in the execution brought home to the threshold
of our territory, of measures which under existing circum-
ttances, have the character, as well as the eft'ect of war on
our lawful commerce.

With this evidence of hostile inflexibility, in trampling
on rights which no independent nation can relinquish. Con-
gress will feel the duty of putting the United States into
an armor, and an attitude, demanded by the crisis, and
corresponding with the national spirit and (expectations,

■si

1 recon
made ^t:
of the rej;;.
e.d for a m
corps, who
urgent ser'
of oilier p<
tion of the
its intrinsii
mind you
which, in <
ufour raili
The mi
ceeded wi
the necess
w'\\\ not b(
ize an enla
Your at
sionsy on t
for the ser
roit to Cor
augment t
their natui
III cont4
mentous e
it is imp*
among th(
portion of
borhood.
ed forecas
an obligal
cherish re
progress '
order o^tl
Under
tion of Cc
guards a;
cial laws
every wh
ments, w
u fraud is
state, attf

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

I recoTriieri(l accordin£r|y» that adequate provision be
mnde ^t-: mt^ the ranks and prolonging^ the enlistments,
of the re^i. xartroo}>H : for an auxiliary force, to be engag«
ed for a more limited term ; for the ucce|»tance of volunteer
corps, whose patriotic ardor may court a participation in
urgent services ; for detachments, as they may be wanted,
of oilier portions of the militia; and tor such a prepara-
tion of the great body, as will proportion its usefulness to
its intrinsic capacities. Nor can the occasion fail to re«
mind you of the impoi'tance of those military Seminaries,
M'hich, in every event, will form a valuable and frugal put
of our military establishment.

The manufacture of cannon and small arms has pro-
ceeded with due success, and the stock and resources of all
the necessary munitions are adequate to emergencies. It
will not be inexpedient, however, for Congress to author-
ize an enlargement of them.

Your attention will of course be^drawn to such provi-
sions, on the subject of our naval force, as may be I'equired
for the services to which it may be best adapted. I sub-
mit to Congress the seasonableness also, of an authority to
augment the stock of such materials, as are imperishable iu
their nature, or may not at once be attainable.

In contemplating the scenes which distinguish this mo-
mentous epoch, and estimating their claims to ourattention,
it is impossible to overlook those developing themselves
among the great communities which occupy the southern
portion of our own hemisphere, and extend into our neigh-
borhood. An enlarged philanthropy, and an enlighten-
ed forecast, concur in imposing on the National Councils
an obligation to take a deep interest in their destinies : to
cherish reciprocal sentiments of good will ; to regard the
progress of events ; and not to be unprepared for whatever
order o^'things may be ultimately established.

Under another aspect of our situation, the early allen-
tion of Congress will be due to the expediency of further
guards against evasions and infractions of our commer-
cial laws. The practice of smuggling, which is odious
every where, and particularly criminal in free govern-
ments, where the laws being made by all, for the good of all,
a fraud is committed on every individual as well as on tliu
state, attains its utmost guilt, when it blends, with a pur-

'* <

(M:

, '

0I8TOBY OF T9E WAJK,

•ilit of ignoBdinioiu gain, a treacherous tubflerviency in tbi;
trarisgreiwors, to a foreign policy, aiivenie to that of tlieir
own country. It is then that the virtuous indignation c T
the public should b« enabled to manifest itself, through the
regular animadversions of the most coin|>etent laws.
V To secure greater respect to our mercantile Hag, and to
the honest interest which it covers, it is ex|)edieiit also, that
it We made punihhable in our citzeiis, to accept licences
from foreign governments, for a trade unlawfully interdict-
ed by them to other American citizens ; or to trade under
falsiB colors or papers of any sort.

A prohibition is equally called for, against the accept-^
ance, by our citizens ot special licences, to be used i|i a
trade with the United Stales ; and at^'ainst the admission
into particular ports of the United States, of vessels
from foreign countries, authorised to trade with particular
ports on'y.

Aithouirh other subjects will press more immediately on
your deliberations, a portion of them cannot but be well be-
stowed, on the just and sound policy of securing to our
manufactures the success they have attaineil, and are stil)
attaining, in some degree, under the impulse of causes not
pei'inanent ; and to our navigation, the fair extent of which
it is at present abridged by the uiiequai regulations of for-
eign governments. ^udurii^-n U<in.:i:^d^ k»M* >Kia. .-; '

Besides the reasonableness of saving our manufacturers
from sacrifices which a change of circumstances might
bring on them, the national interest reqiires, that, with res^
pect to such articles at least as belong to our defence, and
our primary wants, we should not be left in unnecessary
dependence on external supplies. And whilst for-
eign governments adhere to the existing discriminations iu
^eir ports against our navigation, and an equality or lea-
ser discrimination is enjoyed by their navigation in our
ports, the effect cannot be mistaken, because it has been
seriously felt by our shipping interests ; and in proportioo
as this takes place, the advantages of an independent con-
Teyauce of our products to foreign markets, and of a growr
ing body of manners, trained by their occupations for the
service of their couutry in times of danger, must be diiiin-
ished. ' - -r ,. ..,^^...

nnrroRT ov tvb wab. li

Th^ receipts into Ihe Treanary, durih{|r the year, vmling
on the thirtieth of September letl, have exceeded thirteea
ImillionA anil a half of dollars, and have enabled as to de*
^rAy the current expenses, inekH)in|^ the interest on the
public debt, and to reimburse more than five millions of
dollars ot the principal, without recurring to the loan au»
thorized by the act of the last session. The temporarjr
loan obtained in the latter end of the year one thousand
eijrht hundred and ten, has also been reimbursed, and is
not included in that amount

The decrease of revenue, arising from the situation of
our commerce and the extraordinary expences which have
and may become necessary, must be taken into view, ta
making; commensurate provisions for the ensuing year^
And I recommend to your consideration the propriety of
ensuring a sufficiency of annual revenue, at least to defray
the ordinary expences of government, and to pay the inter-
est on the public debt, including that on new loans which
mav be authorized.

I cannot close this communication without expressing my
deep sense of the crisis in which you are assembled ; my
confidence in a wise and honorable result to vour oeiioer-
ations, and assurances of the faithful zeal with which my
co-operating duties will be discharged ; invoking at the
same time, the blessing of heaven on our beloved country,
and on all the means, that may be employed in vindicating
its rights, and advancing its welfare.

(Signed) ■■ JAMES MADISON, t

OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE, nA

BEFEKRED TO IN TUE PRECEDING MESSAGE* ii:H

Mr, Foster to Mr. Monroe. - ? r

Washington, July 3, 1811. it
SIR— I have had the honor of stating to you verbally the
system of defence to which his majesty has been compelled
to resort for the purpose of protecting the marititue rights
and interests of his dominions against the nsw description of
warfare that has been adopted by his enemies. I have pre-
sented to you the grounds upon which his majesty iinds
himself still obliged to continue that system, and I conceive
that I shall best meet your wishes as expressed to me this
morning, if in a more formal shape i should lay before you

1 (

; 1 .

'■i

■ i

■.|

■ 1

■■r

\ .%■■

I 4

4-^

HISTORY OF THE WAK.

i!!^'^^

!|^f

the irbole extent of the question, an it appears to hJR mftjttSh
ty's government to exist between Great-Urilain and Amer-
ica. ^ '^'lit tlHii IHitJ "U iiilt '( /

I beg leave to c^tl your attention, sir, to the principles on
which his majesty *s Orders in Council were ori^inallyil'ound-
ed. The Decree of BeHin was directly and expressly an
act of war, by which France prohibited all nations from
trade or intercourse with Great-Britain under peril of con>
fiscation of their ships and merchandize ; although France
had not the means of imposing an actual blockade in any
degree adequate to such a pi)rf)ose. The immediate and
professed object of this hostile D«rcree was the destruction
of all British commerce through means entirely unsanctioned
by the law of nations, and unauthorised by any received
doctrine of legitimatt? blockade.

This violation of the established law of civilized nations
in war, would have justified Great-Britain in retaliating
upon the enemy by a similar interdiction of all commerce
with France, and with such other countries as might co-op-
erate with France iu her system of commercial hostility
against Great-Britain. ,.. j?. .,,;fj-, -v,^ ,^v. . .F

The object of Great-Britain was not, however, the des-
truction of trade, but its preservation under such regula-
tions as might be[compatible with her own security, at the
aame time that she extended an indulgence to foreign com-
merce, which strict principles would have entitled her to
withhold. The retaliation of Great-Britain was not there-
fore urged to the full extent of her right ; our prohibition
of French trade was not absolute, but modified ; and in re-
turn for the absolute prohibition of ail trade with Greal-
Britain, we prohibited not all commerce with France, but
all such commerce with France as should not be earned on
through Great-Britain. » /7/

if Jt was evident that this system must prove prejudicial to
neutral nations ; this calamity was foreseen, and deeply re-
gretted. But the injury to the neutral nation arose iroia
the aggression of France, which had compelled Great-Bri-
tain in her own defence to resort to adequate retaliatory
measures of war. The operation on the American com-
merce of those precautions, which the conduct of France
had rendered indispensable to our security, is therefore to
he ascribed to the unwarrantable aggression of France, and

IJI.'^TOUV Ol' HIE WAK.

viul lu ihoscnrocecdini^sontlic piu'lui' (ircat-nrilaiii, which
that ag«;;re8Si'jn hail reiulcTcd necoNsary ami jiUit.

The objfol u\' our system was merely lo cuunteract an at-
tempt lo crush the BnLish traile ; Great-IVitain ciideavur-
cd to permil the coittinejit to receive as hir^e a portion of
commerce as mif^ht he practicable, throi^g^h Greal-Brihiin;
and ull her subsequent regulations, and every modiHcation
of her system by new orders or modes of ^rantine^ or with-
holding licences^ have been calculated for the purpose of
encouraging the trade of neutrals through (ireat-Britain,
whenever such encouragement might appear advantageous
to the general interests of commerce, and consistent with
the public safety of the nation. The justiiication of his mi-
jesty's Orders in Council, and the continuance of that de-
fence, have always been rested upon the existence of the
Decrees of Berlii>and Milan, and on the perseverance of
the eoemy in the system of hostility, which has subverted
the rights of neutral commerce on the continent ; and it has
always been declared on the part of his majtsly*s govern-
ment, that whenever France should have effectually repeal-
ed the Decrees of Berlin and Milan, and should have re-
stored neutral commerce to the condition in which it stood
previously to the promulgation of those Decrees, we should
immediately repeal our Orders in Council. , .

France has asserted that the Decree of Berlin was a
measure of just retaliation on her part, occasioned by our
pi'evious ao-jri-ession ; and th« French government has in-
sisted that our system of blockacit. as it existed previously
to the Decree of Ber« ill, was a manifest violation of the re-
ceived law of nations ; we must therefore, sir, refer to the
ariides of the Berlin Decree, to find the principles of our
system of blockade, which France considers to be new, and
contrary to the law of nations.

By the 4th and 8lh articles it i*? stated as a justiticalioii
of the French Decree, that Great-Britain * extends to unfor-
tified towns and con^mercial ports, to harbors, and to the
mouthy of rivers, those rights of blockade, which by the rea-
son and the usage of nations, are applicable only to fortified
places ; and that the rights of blockade ought to be limit-
, ed to fortresses really invested by a sufiicient force.

It is added in the same articles that Great-Brittin * has
declared places to be in a slate of blockade, before which

■ i

Ift

HISTORY OF TBC WAR,

she has not a sing^le ship of war, and even places trhich the
whole British force would be insufficient to blockade ; en-
tire coasts, and a whole empire.*

Neither the practice of Great- Britain, nor the law of na-
tions, has ever sanctioned the rale now laid down by
France, thai no place excepting fortresses in a complete
state of investiture, can be deemed lawfully blockaded by
sea.

If such a rule were to be admitted, it would become
nearly impracticable for Great-Britain to attempt the block-
ade of any port of the continent, and our submission to this
perversion of the law of nations, while it would destroy one
of the principal advantages of our naval superiority, would
sacrifice the common rights and interests of all maritime
states.

It was evident that the blockade of May, 1806, was the
principal pretended justification of the IJecree of Berlin,
thou^n neither the principles on Which that blockade was
founded, nor its practical operatioa, afforded any color for
the proceedings of France. '

In point of date, the blockade of May, 1806, torisceded
the Berlin Decree ; but it was a just and legal blockade
according to the established law of nations, because it was
intended to be maintained, and was actually maintained by
an adequate force appointed to guard the whole coast de-
scribed in the nctification, and consequently to enforce the
blockade.

Great-Britain has never attempted to dispute, that in the
ordinary course of the law of nations,' no blockade can be
justifiable or valid unless it be supported by an adequate
Ibrce destiued to maintain it, and to expose !o hazard all
vessels attempting to evade its operation. The blockade
of May, 18<)6, was notified by Mr. Secretary Fox, on this
clear principle, nor was that blockade announced until he
had satisfied himself by a communication with his majesty *s
Board of Admiralty, that the Admiralty possessed the
means and would employ them, of watching the whole
coast from Brest to the £lbe^ and of eflectually enforcing
the blockade.

The blockade of May, 1806, was therefore (according
to the doctrine maintained by Great-Britain) just and law-
ful in its origin, because it was supported by both in inten-

HISTORY OF THE WAIi.

fion nnJ fuct by an adeniiate naval force. This was the
justification of thai blockade, until the ^leriod of tiiu« when
the Orders in Council were issued.

The Orders in Council were founded on a distinct prin-
ciple, that of defensive retaliation. France had declared
a blockade of all the ports and coasts of Great- Britain, and ,
her dependencies, without assigning, or being able to assign,
any force to support that blockade. Such an act of the eo-
eoiy would have justified a declaration of the blockade of
the whole coast of France, even without the application of
any particular force to that service. Since the promulga-
tion of the Orders in Council, the blockade of May, 1800,
lias been sustained and extended by the more coinprehen-
sive system of defensive retaliation on which tliON'e regula-
tions are founded. But if the Orders in Council should be
abrogated, the blockade of May, 1806, could not continue
under our construction of the law of nations, unless that
blockade should be maintained by a due application of an
adequate naval force.

America appears to concur with France in asserting that
Great-Bi'itain was the original aggressor in the attack on
neutral rights, and has particularly objected to the blockade
of May, 180G, as an obvious instance of that aggression on
the part of G reat-Britai o. / , v , ' ^

Although the doctrines of the fieri in Decree, respecting
the rights of blockade, are not directly asserted by the
American government, Mr. Pinckney s correspondence
would appear to countenance the principles on which those
doctrines are founded. The objection direclV stated by
America against the blockade of May, 180u, rests on a
supposition that no naval force which Great- Britain pos-
sessed, or could have employed for such a purpose, could
have rendered that blockade effectual, and, that therefore it
was necessarily irregular, and could not possibly be main-
tained in conformity to the law of nations.

Reviewing the course of this statement, it will appear that
the blockade of May, 1S|0G, cannot be deemed contrary to
the law of nations, either under the objections urged by the
French, or under those declared or insinuated by the Amer-
ican government, because that blockade was maintained
by a sufficient nsivai force; that the Decree of Berlin was
not therefore justified ei^^er, under the pretext alledged by

■

•^"pi*

*20

III.STOKV or THE \\\n

France, or uiuWiIiohc Kiippoihtl l)y Aiiu.im a , lliat llic Oi - ;
ders ill Cuuncil wer^ founded on a JMst principle of defciikivo [•
j'ctalinlioii against the violation oftlieliiw of nations com*
mittcd by France in the Decrpo of l)i>rlin ; (hat the hlock-
adeofMay, 180(>, is now included in the uiom; rxlonsive
operation of the Orders in Council ; and lastly, that the Oi «
ders in Council will not bo continued beyond the eflfert^ual
duration of the hostila decrees of France, nor will the block-
ade of May, 18()(5, continue after the repeal of the Orders
in Council, unless his majesty's j^ovcrninent Khali think fit
to sustain it by the special application of a sufHcient nnvnl
force. This fact will not be snflfered ^o remain in doubt,
and if the re{)^al of the Orders in Council should take place,
the intention of his mnje»ity*» grpvernment rcspecliu}^ the.
blockade of May, 1806, will be notified at the same time.

I need not recapitulate to you the sentiments of his ma-
jesty's government, so often repeated, on the subject of the
French Minister's note to General Armstrong, dated the 6th
of last August. The studied ambiguity of t^at note has
since been amply explained by the conduct and language
of the government of France, of which one of the most re-
markable instance^ is to be found in the $[)cech of the chief
of the French government on the 1 7lh of last month to cer-
tain deputies from the frep cities of Hamburgh, Bremen,
and Lubeck, wherein he declares that the Berlin and
Milan Decrees shall bo the public code of France as long
ns England maintains her Orders in Council of 1806,
and 1807. Thus pronouncing as plainly as language will
admit, that the system of violence ".nd inJMstice of which he
is the founder, xyill he maintaineti by him until the defen-
sive measures of retaliation to which they gave rise qn the
part or Great-Britain i^hall be abandoned. •- . • -^-^

If other proofs were necessary to show the continued ex-
istence of those obnoxious Decrees, they may be discover-
ed in the Imperial Edict dated at Fontainbieau, October
19, 1810 J that monstrous production of violence, in which
they are made the basis of a' system of general and unex-
ampled tyranny and oppression over all countries subject
to, a^'.ied with, or within the reach of the power of France ,
in the report of the French minister for foreign affairs dated
last December, and in the letter of the French minister of
justice to the president of the council of prizes. To tliih

tatter, sir,
ihe d;ite \^
most uiirp
4)1' Massa,
in const<|
lamatidn
ihalthe !•
to sncli i<
HUot«'s at
tlie new a
au evideni
American
INldan De
-jfovernme
judgment
the Amer
pledges f(
Can th(
ed at the
the Unitei
non-impoi
at this mc
which I hi
For even
it is clear
that not b
Orleans 1
Green, se
sing und€
very evid
being trc
that the c
Ameri
ns it respi
form me,
their Liiai
Novemb(
been res
France s
America
olherwis(
ihn revo(

HISTORY OI Tilt: WAR.

-•1

latter, sir, I woiiM wisji parliciilirly lu niviU; your uUcnli<iii ;
lliedtite is the tiriili nt'c'L'm'>tr, ihc :iutlhriiy it comes from
most iiiir|tio.slioiiul>l<), ami you will there tiiui, .sir, the Duku
of Massii, ill i^iviii^ liin instriiclioiiN to ilie eoiiticil of pn/es
ill consicpieaei* of tlic PresiiUiit of the United Stales' proc-
lamation of Novcnilit r '.\, iiiosl rauliouHly avoidiii"^ to nHMert
thut the FrcMu li Dirrcrs were repealed, mid asicriliin)^ iiui
to i^ncli re|)t>;i1, l>ul to tiit.' anii)i<;'nunK pusnuge which ho
<|uot«'s at l»ii|^lh from M. Champamiy's letter of August f>,
the new attitude tjken by America ; and you will uUu tiiid
au evidence iu the same letter of the continued capture of
American ships atlcr November, and under the Berlin and
Milan Decrees, liaviiig- been contemplated by the French
jXovernment, since there is a special direction given for
judgment on such ships being suspended in consequence of
the American proctamulion, and for their being kept as
pledges for its enforcement. . . .,/,...>,/ : i .

Can thqn, sir, these Decrees be said to have been repeal*-
ed at the period when the proclamation of the President of
the United States appeared* or when America enforced her
non-importation act a"[ainst Great-Britain ? Are they so
ui this moment ? To the iirst question, the stale papers
which I have referred to, appear to give a sufficient answer.
For even supposing that the repeal has since taken place,
it is clear that on November 3, there was no question as to
that not beipg then the case ; the capture of the ship New-
Orleans Packed seized at Bordeaux, and the Grace- Ann-
Cireen, seized at or carried into Marseilles, being cases ari-
sing under the French Decrees of Berlin and Milan, a<? is
very evident. (jlreat-Prit(|in might therefore complain of
being treated with injustice by America, even supposing
that the conduct of France had since been unequivocal.

America contends that the f^rench Decrees are revoked
as it respects her ships upon the high seas, and you, sir, in-
form me, that the only two American ships taken under
their Liiaritime operation, as you arepleased to term it, since
November 1, have been restored ; but may not they have
been restored in consequence of the satisfaction fell in
France at the passing of the non-im))ortation act in the
American Congress, an event so little to be expected ; for
otherwise, having been captured in direct contradiction to
\\i'.' revoratioii, wliv were they not restored immediatelv ?

* «

L It
1<

> '1

H\ I

h'l 1

ftft, HISTORY OF TBK \l All.

TIjc If ars ot Ihe French navy, however, prevent ninny
c&ACft of the kin<l occurring on the ocean under Ihe Dccretx
of Berlin and Milan ; but the most ohnosious and destruc-
'.ivc parti of thotie Decreet are exercised with full violence
At only in the |K>rtt uf France, hut in those of all other
vT^untries to which France thiukM she can commit injustice
vith impunity.

Great-Britain has a right to complain thatncutt al nations
should overlook the very worst features uf these, extraordi-
nary acts, and should suffer their trade to be made a medi-
um of an unprecedented, violent, and monstrous system of
attack upon ner resources ; a species of warfare unutlempl-
ed by any civilized nation before the present period. I^ot
only has America suffered her trade to be moulded into the
means of annoyance to Great-Britain under the provisions
of the French JJecrees, but as construing those llecrees as
extinct, upon a deceitful declaration of the French Cabinet,
she has enforced h^r Don-iroportation act against Gr^^t-
Isritam. <

Under these circumstances, I am instructed by my gov-
ernment, to urge to that of the United States, the injustice
of thus enforcing that act against his majesty's dominions,
and 1 cannot but hope that a spirit of justice will induce the
United States' government to re-consider the line of con-
duct they have pursued, and at least to re-establish their
former slate of strict neutrality. ' " ' , . ' r

I have only to add, sir, that, on my part, I shall ever be
ready to meet you on any opening which may seem to af-
ford a prospect of restoring complete harmony between the
two countries, and that it will at all times give me the great-
est "itisfaction to treat with you on the im^iortaut concerns
ir ^resting to both. '\' V,

1 have the honor to be, &c.

AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER.

,' Mr. Foster to Mr. M our or,

Washington, July 11, 1811.
SIR — In consequence of our conversation of yesterday,
and the observations vvliich vou made respecting that paii of
my letter to you of the 3d uist. wherein I have alluded to
^iie f' inciple on which his majesty's Orders in Council were
orig'anally founded, I think it right to explain myself, in or-

niSTORY or TRB WAK.

der to prevent any poMxilile miitake nn to the preif lU Nitua'
tion of neulrnl trade iviih \\\n majesty's enemies.

It will only be neccMHiiry for me to repeat what has al-
ready, lon|^ Hinre, been annoiuircd to the American ^t-
erimient, namely, that liiK roaje»ty*ii Order in Council of
April 26, 1800, sup^rreded ilio*»e of November, 1807, and
releived the system of retaliation adopted by his majesty
against his enemies from what was considerea in this coan-
try ns the most objectionable part of it ; the option given to
neutrals to trade with the enemies of Great- Britain, through
British ports, on payment of a transit duty.

This explanation, sir, will, I trust, be sufficient te do aviray
any impression that you may have received to the contrary
from niy observations respecting the effects virhicb his ma-
jesty's Orders in Council originally had on trade of neutral
nations. Those observations were merely meant as prelim-
inary to a consideration of the question now at issue between
the two countries.

1 have the honor to be, with the highest consideration and
respect, sir, your most obedient huml)le servant,

AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER.

Mr, Foster to Mr, Monroe. " '

Washington, July 14, 1811.

SIR — His majesty's packet boat having been s) long
detained, and a fortnight having elapsed since my arrival
at this capitol, his royal highness, the prince regent will ne-
cessarily expect that I should have to transmit to his royal
highness some official communication as to the line of con-
duct the American government mean to pursue. I trust
you will excuse me therefore, sir, if without pressing for a
detailed answer to my note of the 3d inst. I anxiously desiret
to know from you what is the President's determination
with res^toct to suspending the operation of the late Act ot
Congi'ess prohibiting all importation from the British do-
minions.

There have been repeated avowals lately made bv the
government of France, that the Decrees of Berlin anrf Mi-
lan w«^re still in full force, and the nets of that government
have corres|)onded with those avowals.

The measnrcs of retaliation pursued by Great-Britain
a^auist those De'.iV' s are consequently to the great regret
of his royal hjffhnes still necfx?arily continued.

»ii

,, , r

1!^

UlSrOI^y, OF TH^ WAU.

[ have hud the honor to state to you the light iti which his
royalhififhness, the prince regent viewed the Proclamation
of the President ot Ia«t November, and Ihe surprise wilh
wliich be ieariit the subsequent measures of Congress a]i;ainst
the BritJMh trade. ,/• :, ; V - . - «- -^r- /»;

American Khip$ siczed under his majesty *s Orders in
Council even after that Proclamatiju appeared, were nut
jjnimediately conilemned, because it was believed that the in-
^idious professions of France might have led the American
government, and the merchants of America into an erojic-
ous construction of the intentions of France. "V * ; :, V

But when the veil was thrown aside, and the French ru-
ler hunself avowed the continued c\istenco of his invariable
system, it was not expected by his royal highness that Amer-
ica would have refused to retrace the steps she had taken.

Fresh proofs have since occurred of the resolution of the
French government to cast away all consideration of Ihc
rights of nations in the unprecedented warfare they have

adopted. ,^ ,>...!, ,vi.;ij ^ . . . ; ...,*n

America however still persists in her injurious measures
as:Ainst the commerce of Great-Britain, and his roval hi<;h-
ness has in consequence been obliged to look to means of
retaliation against those measures which his royal highness
cannot but consider as most unjustifiable.
.„ 'How desirable would it not be, sir, if a stop could be put
to any material progress in such a system of retaliation,
u'hich, from step to step may lead to the most unfriendly sit-
uation between the two countries ?

His majesty's government will necessarily be guided in a
great degree by the contents of my first despatches as to
the conduct they must adopt towards America.
. Allow me then, sir, to repeat my request to learn from
you whether I may not convey what I know would be most
grateful to his royal highness' feelings, namely, the hope
that he may be enabled, by the speedy return of America
from her unfriendly altitude towards Great-Britain, to for-
get altogether that he ever was obliged to have any omer
object in view besides that of endeavoring to promote the
best understanding possible between the two countries,

I have the honor to be, with the highest consideration,
sir, vourmost obedient humble servant,

Arr.r.«=^Tv:s ,r. foster.

HISTORY OF THK WAR.

Mr.

' t

.t ■>

Foster to Mr. Monroe. * . . i

I- Washington, July 16, 1811.

SIR — I had Ihe honor to receive the letter which you
addressed to nie under yesterds«y's date, requesting an ex-
planation from me, in consequence of my letters of the 3d
and 14th inst. of the precise extent in which a repeal of the
French Decrees is by his majesty's government, made a
condition of the repeal of the British Orders, and particu-
larly whether the condition embraces the seizure of vessels
and merchandize entering French ports in contravention of
French regulations, as well as the capture on the high seas,
of neutral vessels and their cargoes, on the mere allegation
that lliey are bound to or from British ports, or that they
have on board British productions or manufactures ; as
also, stating that in your view of the French Decrees, they
comprise regulations esstatially diifereiit in their principles,
some of them violating the neutral rights of the United
States, others operating against Great-Britain without any
sucii violation.

You will permit me, sir, for the purpose of answering
your questions as clearly and concisely as possible, to bring*
into view the French Decrees themselves, together with the
official declarations of the French minister which accompa-
nied them.

In the body of those Decrees, and in the declarations al>
liided to, you will tind, sir, express avowals that the princi-
ples on which they were founded, and provisions contained
in them, are wholly new, unprecedented, and in direct con-
tradiction to alt ideas of justice and the principles and usa-
ges of all civilized nations. The French government did
not pretend to sr> that any one of the regulations contained
in those Decrees was a regulation which France had ever
been in the previous practice of.

They were consequently to be considered^ and were in-
deed allowed by France herself to be, all of them, parts of a
new system of warfare, unauthorised by the established lawi^
of nations.

It is in this light in which France herself has placed her
Decrees, that Great-Britain is obliged to consider them.

The submission of neutrals to any regulations made by
France, authorised by the laws of nations, and practised in
former wars, will never be complpincd of bv Great-Britain •

; (

i '

i-.

« I'

lllSTORV OF THE WAR.

I :

but the reg^ulatioiis of tlie Berlin iiiid Milan Decrees do, anfi
arc declared to violate the laws of nationn, and the rights of
neutrals, for the purpose of attackiii^r through them the re-
soui'ces of Great Britain. The ruler of France has drawn-
no distinction between any of them, nor has he dechired the
cessation of any one of them in the speech whicb he so
lately addressed to the deputation from the free Imperial
Haiise Towns, which was on the contrary a conf rmatioii
uf them all.

Not until the French Decrees therefore shall be eflfeclu-
ally repealed, and thereby neutral commerce be restored to
the situation in which it stood previously to their promulga-
tion, can his> royal highness conceive himself justified, con-
sistently with what he owes to the safety and honor of Great-
Britain, in foregoing the j.ust measures of retaliation which
liis majesty in hisdetbnce wa» necessitated t(> adopt against
tliem.

1 trust, sir, that this explanation in> answer to your en-
quiries vtill be considered by you sufficiently satisfactory ^
should you require any further, and which i>t may be in my
power to give, I shall with the greatest cheerfulness afford it.

I sincerely hope, however, that no further delay will be
thought necessary by the President in restoring the relations
of amity which should ever subsist between America and
Great-Bt'itain,. a» the delusions attempted by the government
of France have now been made manifest,, and the perfidious
plans of its ruler exposed ; by which, while he adds to, and
agravates his system of violence against neutral trade, he en-
deavors to throw all the odium of his acts upon Great-Bri-
tiain with a view to engender discord between the neutral
countries, and the only power which stands up as a bulwark
against his eBJi>t'ts at universal tyranny aitd op|M'ession.

Excuse me, sir, if I express my wish as-eai'ly as possible
to dispatch his majesty's packet boat with the result of our
communications^ as his majesty's government will necessa*
rily be most anxious to hear from me. Any short period of
lime, however, which may appear to you to be reasonable, I
will not hesitate to detain her.
1 have the honor to be, &c.

AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER

mSTORY OF Tire WAR.

rh ii-

••"f

• iU.

< •

Mr. Monroe to Mr. Foster.
Dkpartmrnt op State, July 23d, 1811.

f^IR — I have Niihinitlecl to the Presiilent ywir several
ktters of the 3d and Kith of this month relative to the Bri-
tish Orders in Council and the blockade of iMay, 18(Ki, and
I have now the honor to coniniunicate to you his sentinientn
on the view which yon have presented of those noeasnresof
your government.

It was hoped thai your communioalton would have led
to an immediate accommodation of tl>e differences subsis-
ting between our countries, on the ground on which alone
it is possible to meet you. It is regretted that you have
confined yourself to a vindication of the measures which
produced some of them.

The Unitfetl States are as little disposed now, as hereto-
fore, to enter into the question concerning the priority of ag-
gression by the two belligerents, which could not be justi-
fied by either, by the priority of those of the other. Jint as
you bring forward that plea in support of the Orders in
Council, I must be permitted to remark that you have your-
self furnished a conclusive answer to it, by admitting that
the blockade of May 1806, which was prior to theftrsiof
the French Decrees, would not be legal, unless supported
through the whole extent of the coast, from the Elbe to
Brest, by an adequate naval force. That such a naval force
was actually applyed and continued in the requisite strict-
ness until that blockade was comprised in and superceded
by the Orders of November of the following year, or even
until the French Decree of the same year, will not, I presumcv
be alleged.

But waving this question of priority, ciin it \ye seen with-
out both surprise and regret, that it is still contended, that
the Orders in Council are justified by the principle of retal-
iation, and that this principle :h Atrcngthened by the in-
ability of France to enforce her Decrees. A retaliation
is, in its name, and its essential character, a returning
like for like. Is the th^adly blow of the Orders in Council
against one half of our commerce, a return of like for like
to an empty threat in the French Decrees, against the other
half? It may be a vindicative hostility, as far as its effects
fall on the enemy. But when falling on a neutral, who on
?J0 pretext can be liable for more than the lueasureof inju-

Sill

\ ■>:

HISTORY OV THE WAIl.

ry received through such neutral, it wquld not be a retalia-
tion, but a positive wron^, by the plea on which it i» founded.
• It is to be further remarked that the Orders in Council
vfeni even beyond the plea^ such as this has appeared to b<',
in extending its operation against the trade of the United
States, with nations which, hke Russia, had not adopted
the French Decrees, and with all nations which had merely
excluded the British flag ; an exclusion resuiling as a mai-r
ter of course with respect to wiuilever nation Great-Bi'itaiu
might happen to be at war.

I am far from viewing the modification originally con*
tained in these Orders, which permits neutrals to prosecute
their trade with the continent, through Great-Britain, in the
favorable light in which you represent it. It is impossible
to proceed to notice the eft'ect of this modification without
expressing our astonishment at the extravuganre of the po-
litical pretension set up by it : a pretension which is utterly
incompatible with the sovreignty and indepenOenpe of other
states. In a conimercial view, it is not less objectionable, a
it cannot fail to prove destructive to neutral commerce.

As an enemy, Great-Britain cannot trade with France.
Nor does France permit a neutral to come into her pofU
frotti Great- Britain. The attempt of Great- Britain to force
our trade through her ports, would have therefore the com-
mercial effect of depriving the United States altogether of
the market of her enemy for their productions, and of de-
stroying their value in her market by a surcliarge of it.
Heretofore it has l^een the usage of belligerent nations to
carry on their trade through the intervention of neutrals ;
and this had the beneficial effect of extending to the former
the advantages of peace, while suffering under the calami-
ties of war. To reverse the rtile, and to extend to nations
at peace, the calamities of war, is a change as novel and ex-
traordinary as it is at variance with justice and public law.

Against this unjust system, the United Slates entered, at
an early period, their solemn firotest. They considered it
their duty to evince to the world their high disapprobation
of it, and they have done so by such acts as were deemed
most consistent with the rights and policy of the nation.
Remote from the contentious scene which desolates Europe,
it has been their uniform object to avoid becoming a party
to the war.— With this view they have endeavorecl to rnlti-

IIISTORY OF THE WAR.

vatefrienclslup with both parties, by n system of coufluct
which ought to have produceii that etifect. They have
(lone jusitice to each party in every transaction in which they
have been separately engaged with it. Titey have observ-
«d the impartiahty which was due to both, as bethgereiits,
standing on equal groiiiul, having in no instance given a
preference to either at tiie expense of the other. They have
Imrne, too, with equal indulgence, injuries from both, being
willing while it was possible, to impute them to casualties
inseparable from a cause of war, and not to a deliberate in-
tention to violate their rights; and even when that intention
could not be mistaken, liiey have not lost sight of the ulti-
mate object of their policy. In the measures to which they
have been compelled to resort, they have in all respects
maintained pacific relations with both parties. The alter-
native presented by their late acts, was offered equally to
both, and could operate on neither, no longer than it should
persevere in its aggressions on our neutral rights. The em-
bargo and non-intercourse, were peaceful measures. The
regulations which they imposed on our trade were such
as any nation might adopt in peace or war, without oflfencc
to any other nation. The nQUrimportation is of the same
character, and if it makes a distinction at this time, in its
operation between the belligerents, it necessarily results from
a compliance of one with the offer made to both, and which
is still open to the compliance of the other.

In the discussions which have taken place on the subject
of the Orders in Council and blockade of May, 1800, the
British government in conformity to the principle on which the
Orders in Council are said to be founded, declared that they
should cease to operate as soon as France revoked her Edicts.
It was stated also, that the British government would pro-
ceed pari passut with the government of France, in the re-
vocation of her Kdicts. I will proceed to shew that the ob-
ligation on Great-Britain to revoke her Orders is complete,
according to her own engagements and that the revocation
ought not to be longer delayed.

By the act of May 1st, 1810, it is provided, * That if
either Great-Britain or France should cease to violate the
neutral commerce of the United States, which fact the Pre-
sident should declare by proclamation, and the other party
should not within three n^ontlis thereafter revoke or modify

I'l

nrSTCHlY OF THE WAR.

■ !

1 i

lis Eilicls in like innnner, that then certain sections in a
former act intertlictinjZf the commercial intercourse between
the United States and Great- Britain and France and their
dependencies, should from and after the expiration of throe
months from the date of tlie proclamation, he revived and
have full force ag^ainst the former, its colonies and depen-
dencies, and against all articles the growth, |»ro(luce, or
manufacture of the same.' '; "" •' t- ,.,.

The violations of neutral commerce alluded to in ihis act,
were such as were committed on the high seas. It was in
the trade between the {United Slates and tlie British domin-
ions, that France had violated the mjutrat rights of the
United States by her blockading Edicts. It was with the
trade of France and her allies that Great-Britain had com-
mitted similar violations by similar Edicts. It was the re-
vocation of those Edicts, so far as they committed such vio-
lations, which the United States had in view, when they
passed the law of May 1st, 1810. On the 6th of August,
1810, tlie French minister of foreign affairs addressed a
note to the minister plenipotentiary of the United States
at Paris, informing him that the Decrees of Berlin and Mi-
lan were revoked ; the revocation to take effect on the 1st
of November following: that the measure had been taken
by his government in confidence that the British govern-
ment would revoke its Orders, and renounce its new prin-
ciples of blockade, or that the United States would cause
their rights to be respected, conformably to the art of May
1st, 1810.

This measure of the French government was founded on
the law of May Isl, 1810, as is expressly declared in the let-
ter of the Duke of Cadore announcing it. The Edicts of
Great- Britain, the revocation of which were expected by
France, were those alluded to in that act ; and the means
by which the United States should cause their rights to be
respected, in case Great-Britain should not revoke her
Edicts, were likewise to be found in the same act. They
consisted merely in the enforcement of the non-importation
act agamst Great-Britain, in that unexpected and improba-
ble contingency.

The letter of (he 5th of August, which announced the re-
vocation of the French Decrees, was communicated to this
.govcrnmciil, in ronscqucnce of which the President issued

.1 proclam
on \%hich
in which I
wf May 1^

lation to F
consequen
(lid not re
rate on he
place. S
rnary last,
clamation
following.

Grcat-I
pretension
iniprcNsioi
injustice b
lier.

The Ui
Edicts, so
contempla
that groui
Britain a i

The rev
ister of foi
United St
itself suffic
correspond
dared th:
with Frail
the FrencI
i'unclude I
repeal of t
lion of the
of the Edi
sequence !
operation
♦)f procectJ
aiid such I
each olhei
of each to
good faith
tilutcs ha

(f'

HISTORY or niE WAR.

a proclamation on the '2^\ of Nuvrmber, the day nAer that
on v%hich the repeal of tlie French Decrees was to t;ikccflect
in wliich lie (tcclared that ail reslriclionM imposed l»y the act
Mf May ]>t, 1810, should cease and he discontinued in ro«
lation to France and herdepeiidencie.H. It was a necessary
<!onsequence of this proclamation, also, timt if (ireat- Britain
(lid not revoke her Edicts, the non-importation wonhl o|ie-
rate on her, at the end of three months. Thiii acluolly took
place. She declined the revocation, and on the 2d ot Feb-
ruary last, th-.it law took eiVecl. In confirmation of the pro-
clamation, an actof Con«riTss was pa.ssedon the 'Jd of March
following.

Great-Britain still declines to revoke her Cdicls; on the
pretension thai France has not revoked hers. Under that
imprcNsion she infers that the Uniled Stales have done her
injustice by carrying intocilcct tlie noa>iiuporlalion againsl
lier.

The Uniled States maintain that France has revoked her
Edicts, so far a» they violated their neutral rightii, and were
contemplated by the liiw of May 1st, 1810, and have ou
that ground particularly claimed and do expect of Greal-
Britain a similar revocation.

The revocation announced officially by the French min-
ister of foreign affairs, to the minister plenipotentiary of the
United States at Paris, on the 6th of August, 1810, was in
itself sufficient to justify the claim of the United States to a
correspondent measure from (>reat-Britaiu. She had de-
clared that .she would proceed pari passu in the repeal
with France^ and the day being iixed when the repeal of
the French Decrees should take eft'ect, it was reasonable to
conclude thut Great-Britain would hx the same day for the
repeal of her Orders Had this been done, the proclama-
tion of the President would have announced the revocatiou
of the Edicts of both powers at the same time, and in con-
sequence thereof the non-importation would have gone into
operation against neitlier. — Such, too, is the natural course
of proceeding in transactions between independent states ;
and such the conduct which they generally observe towards^
each other. In all comp.icts between nations, it is the duty
of each to perform what it stipulates, and to presume on tho
good faith of the other for a like performance. The United
Stales havings made a pr(vposal to both belligerrnts were

I i

i'l

ffm HISTORY OF THE WAK.

hound to accept a compliance from either, and it was no
objection to the Fr&itch compliance, thut it was in a form to
take eflfect at a future day ; that being a tbrni not unu.sual
ill otlier pui>lic acts ; even when iialioiiM are at wiir and
make pence, tins obiigatiun of neutral confidence exiNtsand
is respected. In treaties of counnt-rce, by which their fu-
ture intercoiir»e is to be p^ovcnied, the obligation is the
sani ;. — If distrust and jealousy are allowed to prevail, tlie
moral tie, which binds nations to^^ether in all their n;lut. ,
in war, as well as in peace, is broken.

What would Great-Britain have hazarded by a prom|)t
compliance in the manner sugy^esttd ? Sha had declared
that she had adopted the restraints imposed by her Orders
in Council with reluctance, because of their distressing
effect on neutral powers. Here then was a favorable op-
portunity presented to her, to withdraw from that measure
with honor, be the conduct of France, afterwards, xWiat it
might. Had Great-Britain revoked her Orders, and France
failed to fulfil her engagement, she would have gained credit
nt the expense of France, and could have sustained no in-
jury by it, because the failure of France to maintain her
faith would have replaced Great-Britain at the point from
which she had departed. To say that a disappointed reli-
ance on the good faith of her enemy, would have reproach-
ed her foresight, would be to set a higher value on that
quality, than on consistency and good faith, and would sac-
rifice to a mere suspicion towards an enemy, the plain obli-
gations of justice towards a friendly power.

Great-Britain has deolined proceedin<^ jMtri passu with
France in the revocation of their respective Edicts. She
has held aloof, and claims of the United States, proof, not
only that France has revoked her Decrees, but that she con-
tinues to act in conformity with the revocation.

To shew that the repeal is respected, it is deemed suffi-
cient to state, that nut one vessel has been cuitdemned by
French tribunals, on thp principles of those Decrees, since
the Isl of November last. — The Nevv-Orleaus packet from
Gibraltar to Bordeaux, was detained but never condemned.
The Grace-Ann-Green, from the same British port, to Mar-
seilles, was likewise detained, but afterwards delivered up
unconditionally to the owner, as was such part of the cargo
of the New-Orleans packet as consisted of the produce of

i( i

HISTORY OF tWt VITAtU

the United Stales. Both these vesneU proceeHin? from a
British p<»rt, cnrried cargoeN, MMne articleM of which in each,
were pruhibited by the lawn of France, or admissible by ttia
sanction of the government alone. It does not a^ .-Mur that
their dtiention was imputable to any other cause. If impu-
table to tlie circumstance of pansing from a British to a
French port, or on account of any part of their cargoes, it
affords no canse of complaint in Great- Britain, as a viola-
tion o\' \ter neutral rif^hts. No such cause would be afford-
ed, even in a case of condemn-ition. The right of com-
plaint, would hr ve U^ionged to the United States.

In denying' t iie revocation of the Decrees, so far as it is a
proper subject of discussion l)etween us, it might reasona-
bly be expected that you would pro<luce some examples of
vessels taken at sea, in voyages to British ports, or on their
return honoe, and condemned under ih u by a French tri-
bunal. Nonesuch has been afforded by you. None such
are known to this government.

You urge only a« an evidence that the Decrees are not
repealed, the speech of the Emperor of France to the depu-
ties from the free cities of Hamburg, Bremen, and Lubeck;
the Imperial Edict dated at Fontainbleau on the 19th of
Oct. 1810 ; the report of the French minister of foreign
affairs, dated in Dttreinber last, and a letter of the minister
of .Justice to the President of the Council of prizes of the
25th ot that month. ^ : ,. > ,

There is nothing in the first of these papers incompatible
with the revocation of the Decrees, in respect to the United
States, it i« distinctly declared by the Emperor in his
speech to the deputies of the Hunse Towns, that the block-
ade of the British Islands shall cease when the British
blockades cease ; and that the French blockade shall cease
ill favor of those nations in whose favor Great Britain re-
vokes hers, or who support their rights against her preten-
,sion, as France admits the United States will do, by enforc-
ing the non-importation act. The same sentiment is ex-
pressed in the report of the ministers of foreign affairs.—
The Decree of Funtainbleuu having no effect on the high
seas, cannot be brought into this discussion. It evidently
has no connection with neutral rights. The letter from the
minister of justice, to the President of the Council of prizes,
is of a dif&rent character. It relates in direct terms to thri

1;.

1 f H ' -■

< It 'I I

*ii

'. \&f

. A. ft

H UlSTOHV OF THE WAB.

mibjecf but hot in llie senne in which you understand it.
Aftf r rccilingf the note from the duke of'Cndore uf the 6tk
Au|irn<it la.sl, to the Amerinin minister at Paris which an-
nounced I he repeal of the French Decrees and the proclama-
tion of the President in connequence of it, it stales that all
causes arisin*^ under tho^te Docrces atWihe 1st of Novem-
ber, which were then before the court, or mig^ht afterwards
be brouq^hl before it. shouhl not be judged by the principles
of the Decrees, but be suspended until the *id February,
when the United States liavin«^fultiled their eng^agement,
the captures should be declared void, and the vessels and
Ibeir cargoes delivered up tu their owners. This paper ap-
pears tonHbrd an unequivocal evidence of the revocation of
the Decrees, so far as relates to the United States. By in-
structing the French tribunal to make no decission till the
2d of February, and then to restore the property to the own-
ers, on a particidar event which has happened, all cause
of doubt on that point seems to be removed. The United
States may justly complain of delay in the restitution of the
property, but that is an injury which cft'ects thorn only.
Great Britain has no right to complain of it. She was in-
terested only in the revocation of the Decrees by which
neutral rights would be secured from future violation ; nr
if she had been interested in tb" 'Wlay it would have afford-
ed no pretext for more than a delay in repealing her orders
the 2d of February. From that day at farthest the French
Diecrees would cease. At the same day ought her Orders
to have ceased. I might add to this statement, that every
• communication received from the French government, ei-
ther through our representatives there, or its representatives
Jiere, are in accord with the actual repeal rfthe Berlin and
Milan Decrees, in relation to the neutral commerce of the
United States. But it wiilsufhce to remark, that the best,
and only adequate evidence of their ceasing to operate, is
the defect of evidence that they do operate, [lis a case
where the want of proof againrt the fultiiment of a pledge is
proof of the fulfilment. Every case occurring, to which if
the Decrees were in force, they would l)e applied, and to
■which they are not applied, is a,proof that they are not in
force. And if these proofs have not l>eeu more multiplied^
I need notrewiiiil you that a cause is to be found in the nu-
merous captures under your Orders in Council, which coa-

tinuc to c\
ter » failui
lint On
that she oi
the comm
which it s
issued ; u
to the Uni
trade with
tarn shouh
whom she
extended
against Gi
proposed '
their situ:
those of ai
none in re
Or do yoi
Great-Bri
Between <
of either I]
always co
country \
The laws
them, whi
ation are i
remote thi
between (
would nol
Great-Bri
power, ou
such termi
set up sucl
tory of pa!
ciple of wi
United &
own favor
enemy, it
claim eve
by treaty,
in such a
est ; to ac

UtSTORY or THE WAk. 3.

luiiic lo evince the riffour willi v* liirli Uiry an forrcH,
ter » failure of the iMNiMon which Ihry nr(> mi|)| <*^<I to r< U
Hut Otint-Britaiii contends, nx appcani liy your ht«<t leUer*.
that »he uus^ht not to revoke her Ordent in Ctinncil, until
the commerce of the continent is restored to the Male in
which it Mtuod iiefore the Berlin and Milan Decrees were
issued ; until the French iJccrees are repealed nut only as
lo the United States, hut so as to permit Cireat-lirttain to
trade with the ctHitinent. Is it then mennt thai Great-Uri-
tain should be allowed to trade with all the powerR with
whom she traded at tliet epoch* Siiic(3 that time France haN
extended her cohcpicsls to the iiortii, and raised enemies
against Grenl-Britain, where ^he IIkmi had friends. Is it
proposed to trade with thein nolwillislamlinir the changtein
their situation ? Between the enemies of one slate and
those of another, no discrimination can be made. There is
none in reason, nor can there be any of right, in practice.
Or do you maintain the general principle and contend that
Great-Britain ougcht to trade with France and her Allies ?
Between enemies there can be no commerce. The vessels
of either taken by the other are liable to confiscation and are
always coniiscated. The number of enemies or extent of
country which they occupy, cannot eftecl the question.
The laws of war govern the relations which subsist between
them» which especially in the circumstance under consider-
ation are invariable. They were the same in times the most
remote that they now are. Even if peace had taken place
between Great-Britain and the powers of the continent she
would not trade with them without their consent. Or does
Great-Britain contend, that the United States, as a neutral'
power, ought to open the continent to her commerce^ on
such terms as she may designate ? On what principle can she
set up such a claim ? No example of it can be found in the his-
tory of past wars, nor is it founded in any recognized prin-
ciple of war, or in any semblance of reason or right. The
United States could not maintain such a claim in their
own favor, though neutral — when advanced in favor of an
enemy, it would be the most preposterous and extravagant
claim ever heard of. Kvery power when not restrained
by treaty, has aright to regulate its trade with other nations,
in such a manner as it tinds it most consistent with its inter-
est ; lo admit, and on its own conditions, or t© prohibit the

:■ >.

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HISTORY OP TUB W4II.

impoflftlioii of ftiirh nrtirtc^ nn mc n^resnar}* to Mipply tliA
%vatilM, or cnco(irn(]fe lli iiHliiHlry of lU people. In what
lif*ht wouUKirenl>])rtiniii view nii npplirutioiHronitlie Unit-
fid States for the repeal (»f riuht ot' iiiiy net of her pnrlia-
in(!nt, which prohiiiiteil the importntioii of any article frtnn
the llnited Stnles, unch us their Hsh, or tluir oil i^ Or which
claimet) the diminution of the duty on any other, mtelt as
their tohacco on which so ^retit a rcveiino in raised ? In
what lijk^ht would she vieiv a similar application made at
the inittance of France, for the importation into England, of
any article the growth or mannfaclureof that power which
it was the policy of the British f^overnment to prohibit.

If delays have taken place in the resititution of American
property, and in placin^^ the American commerce in the
ports of France on a fair and satisfactory basis, they involve
questions, as has already been observed, in \\hichthe United
States alone are interested. As they clo not violate the re-
vocation by France, of her Edicts, they cannot impair the
oblinration of Great- Britain to revoke hers ; nor change th&
epoch at nrhich the revocation ought to have taken place.
H:id that duly followe<l« it is more than probable that those
circumstances, irrelative as they are, wliich have excited
doubt in the British government of tlie practical revocation
of the French Decrees, might not have occurred. - w» i '*<• -

£!very view which can be taken of this subject, increases
the painful surprise at the innovations on all the principles
and usages heretofore observed, which are so unreservedly
contended for, in your letters of the dd and 10th inst. and
which, if persisted in by your government, presents such an
obstacle to the wishes of the Uuited States, for a removal of
the difficulties which have, been connected with the Orders
in Council. It is the interest of belligerents to mitigate the
calamities of war, and neutral powers possess ample means
to promote that object, provided they sustain with impar-*
tiality and Armness the dignity of their station. If beliiger-'
ents expect advantage from neutrals, they should leave them
in the full enjoyment of their rights. I'he present war, has
been oppressive beyond example, by its duration, and b
the desolation which it has spread throughout Europe,
is highly important that it should assume, at least, a miltiei*
character. By the revocation of the French Edicts, so far
as they respected the neutral commerce of the United Stales^

:h*

IlfSTnnY OF VIIBWAR. V

nomc ailvnnrr in nituir towanln tlint most (lesiralilc aiul ron-
volingrfsull. Ltl (ir«at-Britiiiii(ollu>% llu- example. Tlie
fl^roniHl Ihm gained will suoii l»c eniar^rd liv Hip concor-
rin}^ ami presMiii^ intereitt ot till |MirtKs niid «liatvveif in
gained, will accrue to Uie a«lvaiilu)(r o4 atiiicled hiimaikily.

J |>rncf-ed to notice nnotlif r part of your lelier of tk« (id
iiiNt. which IN viewed in a more fnvoralde lip^ht. ThoFreit*
ident has received will) y^reat HaliMaclion tlie oomniiinica-
lion that idionUI the Orders in Council of 1807, be revoked^
Iho blockade of May* of the precrdin|if year, would ceare
with them, and that any blockade which should att^rward*
be instituted, should l>e duly notified ami maintHiiied by an
adequate foK'e. This frank and explicrl declaration, wur*
thy of the prompt and amicable measure adopted by the
priHce regent in comiu)^ into power, seems to remove a ma-
terial obstacle to an ticcoinmodation oi' dtfliRrences between
our countries, and wlieii followed by the revocaimn of tiM
Orders in Council, will, as 1 am authorised to inform joo»
produce an immediate termination of the non-importakNm
law, by an exercise of the power vested in the Prc^iilcnt for
that purpose.

I conclude w'lb remarking, tha* if 1 have confined thig
letter to the subjects brought into view by yours, it is not
because the United States have lost sight in any degree of
the other very serious causes of complaint, on which they
have received no satisfaction, but because the conciliatory
policy of this trovernment has thus far separated the "case of
the Orders in ( luncil from others, and because with respect
to these others, your cumnmnication has not afforded any
reasonable prospect of resuming them, at this time, with suc-
cess. It is presumed that the same liberal view of the true
interests ot Great-Britain, and friendly disposition toward*
the United States, which induced the prince regent to re-
move so material a difficulty as had arisen in relation to *
repeal of the Orders in Council, will lead to a more favora-
ble further consideration of the remaining difiiculties on that
subject, and that the a<lvantages of an amicable adjustment
of every question, dependmg* between the two countries,
will be seen by your governuient, in the same light, as they
are by tluit of the United States. ., ^. , i .

J have the honor to be, ^e. '

JAMES MONROE.

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HISTORY OF THE WAR.

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-««>»iV. di' Mr. Foster to 31 r. Monroe.

Washinc'I'on, .luly 2(>lh, 1911.

SIR — 1 have had the honor to receive your letter of July
23d, HI answer to mine ot the 3d and 14th inst. which you
will permit me to Htiy were not merely relative to his m:ijes-
ty'fi Orders in Council, and the blockade of May 1S0(>, but
alfo to tlic Presid«M)t*s proclamation of last November, and
to the consequent act of Congress of March 2d, as w eli as
to the just complaints which his royal htghness, the
prince regent, had commanded me to make to your ^ov-
emmeot, with respect to the proclamation and to that act. '/

If the U. States' government had expected that I should
have made communications which would have enabled
them to come to an accommodation with Great-Britaii. on
the ground on which alone you say it was possible to meet
us, and that you mean by that expression a departure from
our system of defence against the new kind of warfare still
practised by France, I am at a loss to discover from what
source they could have derived those expectations ; cer-
tainly not from the correspondence between the Marquis
Wellesley and Mr. Pinkney.

Before I proceed to reply to the arguments which are
brought forward by you to show that the Decrees of Berlin
and Mdan are repealed, 1 must first enter into an explana-
tion upon some points on which you have evidently misap-
prehended, for I will not suppose you could have wished to
misinterpret my meaning. ■ u.m

And first, in regard to the blockade of May, 1806, 1 must
avow that I am wholly at a loss to find out from what part
of my letter it is that the President has dr£iwn the imqualified
inference, that should the Orders in Council of 1807, be re-
voked, the blockade of May, 180<3, would cease with them.
— It is most material that, on this point, no mistake
should exist between us. From your letter it would ap-
pear, as if on the question of blockade which America had
so unexpectedly connected with her demand for a repeal of
our Orders in Council, Great-Britain had made the conces-
sion required of her; asif, after all that has passed on the sub-
ject, after the astonishment and regret of his majesty's gov-
ernment at the United States having taken up the view
which the French government presented, of our just and
legitimate principles of blockade, which are exemplified in

liii

HISTORY OF TUE WAR.

the blockade of May, 18(Ki, the whole o^roand taken by \m
iiiajesty's j^overninent wits at once abandoned. When 1
had the honor to exhibit to you my instruction-s and to draw
up as 1 conceived, accordini^ to your wishes and those ot"
the Presidenty a statement of the mode in which that block-
ade wonid probably disappear, 1 never meant to tiuthoiise
such a conclusion, and J now beg- most unequivocally to
disdain! it. The blockade of May, 18()(>, will not continue
after the repeal of the Orders in Council, unless his majes-
t/s government shall think fit to sustain it by the special
application of a sufficient naval force, and the fact of its
being" so continued or not, will be notified at the time. If,
in this view of the matter, which is certainly presented in a
conciliatory spirit, one of ihe obstacles to a complete under-
standing between our countries can be removed by the Uni-
ted Slates government waving all further reference to that
blockade when they can be justified in sisking a repeal of
the Orders, and if I may communicate this to my govern-
ment, it will undoubtedly be very satisl'actory ; but I beg
distinctly to disavow having made any acknowledgment
that the blockade would cease merely in consequence of a
revocation of the Orders in Council ; whenever it does
cease, it will cease because there will be no adequate force
to maintain it.

On another very material point, sir, you appear to have
misconstrued my words ; for in no one passngeof my letter
can I discover any mention of innovations on the part of
Great-Britain, such as you say excited a painful surprise in
your government. There is no new pretension set up by
iiis majesty's government. In answer to questions of yours,
as to what were the Decrees or ragnlatious of France
which Great-Britain complained of, and against which she
directs her retaliatory measures, 1 brought distinctly into
your, view the Berlin and Milan Decrees, and you have no^
tlenied, because, indeed, you could not, that the provisions
of those Decrees were new measures of war on the part of
France, acknowledged as such by her ruler, and contrary
to the principles and usages of civilized nations. That the
present war has been oppressive beyond *;xample by its du-
ration, and the desolation it spreads through Europe, I wiU
lingly agree with yon, but the United Slates cannot surety
mean to attribute Ihe cause to Great- V> 'tain. The quesUou

ill i

JiisTonY OF rat, uak.

bc(wc('ii 6i'«ut-Britaiii arid France xh that of an lionombli;
sli'iijij^^tr'te againfit the lawleKs effort!* of an ambitions tyrant,
«n<i America can but have the wish of every independent
tiatioii as to its rcsnlt.

On a thiixi point, sir, I have also to regret that my mean-
ing fthould have been mistaken. Great- Britain never con-
tended that British merchant vessels Mhonkl be allowed to
tra<ie with her enemies, or that British property Khould be
allowed entry into their ports, as yon would infer ; such a
pretension would indeed be preposterous ; but Great-Bri-
tain does contend a<^ainstthe system of terror put in practice
by France, by which usurping authority wherever her arms
or the timidity of nations will enable her to extend her in-
fluence, she makes it a crime to neutral countries as well as
individualsthatthey should possess articles, however acquir-
ed, which may have been once the produce of English in-
dustry or of the British soil. Against such an -Abominable
and extravagant pretension every feeling must revolt, and
the honor no less than the interest of Great-Britain engages
her to opfiose it.

Turning to the course of argument contained in your let-
ter, allow me to express my surprise at the conclusion you
draw in consi<leriug the question of priority relative to the
Frf^nch Decrees or British Orders in Council. It wai
clearly proved that the blockade of May, 180C>, was main-
tained by an adequate naval force, and therefore was a
blockade founded on just and legitimate principles, and I
have not heard that it was considered in a contrary light
when notilied as such to you by Mr. Secretary Fox, nor
until it suited the views of France to endeavor to have it
considered otherwise. Why America took up the view the
French government chose to give of it, and could see in it
grounds for the French Decrees, was always matter of as-
tonishment in England

Your remarks on modifications at various times of our
{(ysi\.m of retaliation will require the less reply from the cir-
cumstance of the Orders in Council of April, 1809, having
superceded them all. They were calculated for the avow-
ed purpose of softening the effect of the original Orders on
neutral commerce, the incidental effect of those Orders on
neutrals having been always sincerely regretted by his ma-
jesty's government ', 'Hit when it was found that neutrals ob"
jected iQ theui they were remt ved.

HISTORY OP THE WAR.

Aa to tiie pi-inci|)le of relalintion, it \h founded on the just
and natural rii^lit of self defence a;r ,ii)st our enemy i if
France is unable to enforce her Decrees on the ocean, it 19
not from the want of will, for she enforces them wherever
slie can do it; her threats are only empty where her |M>wer
is of no avaU.

In tlie view you have taken of the conduct of America,
m her relations with the two belligerents, and in the con-
clusion you draw with respect to the impartiality of your
country, as exemplified in the non-importation law, I la*
jnent tu say I cannot ag;ree with you. That act is a direct
nieasure against the British trade, enacted at a time when all
the legal authorities in the United States appeared ready
to contest the sfcatemeut of a repeal of the French Decrees,
on which was founded the President's proclamation of No-
vember 2d, and consequently to dispute the justice of the
proclamation itself.

You urge, sir, that the British government promised to
nroceed pari passu with France in the repeal of her f^dicts.
It is to be wished you could point out to us any step France
has taken in repeal of hers. G leat- Britain has repeatedly de-
clared that she would repeal when the French did so, and
she means to keep to that declaration. ^

I have slated to you that we could not consider the let-
ter of August o, declaring the repeal of the French Edicts,
providing we revoked our Orders in Council, or America
resented our not doing so, as a step of ihat nature ; and the
French government knew that we could not ; their object
was evidentlv while tlv ir svstem was adhered to, in aU its
rigor, to endeavor to persuade the American government
that they had relaxed from it, and to induce her to proceed in
enforcing the submission of Great-Britain to the inordinate
demands of France. It is to be lamented that they have but
too well succeeded ; for the United States government ap-
pear to have considered the French Declaration in the sense
in which France wished it to be taken, as an absolute repeal
of her Decrees, without adverting to the conditional terms
which accompanied it.

But you assert that no violations of your neutral rights
by France occur on the high seas, and that these were all
the violations alluded to ni the act of Congress of Mny,
1810. 1 readily bebeve, indeetl, that si»<:h cases are rare, but

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HISTORY OF THE W\R,

i I

it is owingf to the prcpuiideraiice of the British nary diaf
they are so ; >%heii Hcaire a Kliiji under the French flag can
Teiilure to sea without being taken, it is not extra jrtlinary
that they ntake no ca|)lures. It' such violations alone were
vithin the purview of yolir law, there would seem to have
been no necessity for its enactment. The British navy
miuht have been safely trusted for the prevention of this oc-
cnrreiice. But I have always believed and my govenimenfc
has bebt'vetl, thai tht^ Anu rican legislators had in view in
the provision of their law as it respects France, not only her
deeds of violence on the seas, but all the novel aiid extra-
ordinary pretensions and firactices of her government which
infringed iheir neutral rights.

We have had no cvider.re a» yet of any of those preten-
sions being abandoned. To the ambiguous declaration in
Mr. Champagny\ note is opposed the unambiguous and
personal declaration of Bonaparte himself. You urge that
there is nothing incompatible with the revocation of the De-
crees in respect to the United States, in his expressions to
the deputies from the free cities of Hamburgh, Bremen^
and Lubeck, that it is distinctly stated ni that speech, that
the blockade of the British Islands shall cease when the
British hlotkiide shall t'eusct and that the French blockade
shall cease in favor of those nations in whose favor Great-
Britain revokes hers or who support their rights against her
pretensions.

It is to be inferred from this and the corresponding paiis
of the declapution alluded to, thai unless Great-Britain sac-
rifices her principles of blockade, which are those authoriz-
ed by the established laws of nat'ons, France will still
maintain her Decrees of Berlin and xililan, which indeed,
the speech in question declares to be the fundamental law»
of the French empire.

\ do not, I confess, conceive how these avowals of the
ruler of France, can be said to be compatible with the re-
peal of his Decrees in respect to the United Stales. If the
I'niled States are prepared to insist on the sacrifices by
Great-Britain of the ancient and established rules of mari-
time war practised by her, then indeed they may avoid the
opeiBtioM of the French Decrees, but otherwise, according*
to th;s document, it is very clear that they are 'till subjected
to theiu.

HISTORY OF THE WAR. #9

The Decree of FoiiiiUiinMcaii is confesRcdly ftNmded on
the Decrees of Berlin and Milan, daled the lOtii October,
1810, and proves their continued existence. The report
of the FVencii minister of Decc iiil)er H, unrionncin^ the per-
severance of France in her Decrees is still lurtlierin confir-
mntion of them, and a re-perusal of the letter of ttie minister
oi' justice, of the 25th last Deceail)er, cunHrins mo in die
inference I <lrew from it, for otherwise why should that min-
iijter make tlie prospective restoration of American vessel«,
taken after tl»e Isl of November, to be a consequence of the
non-importation, and not of tiie French revocation. If tite
French government had been sincere, they vi'ould have ceas-
ed infrin<;ing on the neutral rights of America, after the 1st
November. — That they violated them, however, aiter that
period, is notorious.

Your government seem to let it be understood that an
ambiguous declaration from Great-Britain, similar to that
of the French minister, would have been acceptable to them.
But, sir, is it consistent with the dignity of a nation that
respects itself, to speak in ambiguous language ? The sub-
jects and citizens of either country would in Uie end be the
victims, as many ai*e already, in all probability, ;^ho from
a misconstruction of the meaning of the French govern-
ment, have been led into the most imprudent speculations.
Such conduct would not be to |)roceed pari passu with
France in revoking our Edicts, but to descend to the use of
the perHdious and juggiing contrivances of her cabinet, by
which she fills her coffers at the expense of independent
nations. A similar construction of proceeding pari passu
might lead to such Decrees as those of HambouiUet, or of
Bayonne, to the system of exclusion or of licences, all
measures of France against the American commerce, is
nothing short of absolute hostility.

It is urged that no vessel has i>een condemned by the tri-
bunals of France, on the principias of her Decrees since the
the 1st of November. You allow, however, that there have
been some detained since that period, and that such parV of
the cargoes as consisted of goods not the produce of Amer-
ica, was seized, and the other part, together with the vessel
itself, only released after the President's proclamation be-
came known in France. These circumstances, surely, only
prove the difficulty that France is under in reconciling her

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H18T0RY OP THE WARi

Anti-commercial and anli-nenlr.il system, with her flosire Xo
express her satisfaction at the measures lakiii in Aiiuriciv
against the commerce of Great-Britain. She seizes in vif-
Uie of ihe Berlin and Milan Decrees, but she makes a par-
tial restoration for the purpose of deceiviii«r America.

1 have now followed you, 1 believe, sir, through the whole
range of your argument, and o.i reviewing the course of it,
I think I may securely sar that no satisfactory proof has jet
been brought forward of the repeal of the obnoxious De-
crees of France, but on the contrary, that it appears they
continue in full force, consi-qutnlly that no grounds exist
on which you can, with justice, demand of Great-Britain a
revocation of her Orders in Council ; — that we have a right
to complain of the conduct of the American government, in
enforcing the provisions of the act of May, 1810, to the ex-
clusion of the British trade, and afterwards in obtaining a
special law for the same purpose., though it was notorious
at the time that France still continued htr aggressions 'ipon
American commerce, and ha<l recently promulgated anew
her Decrees, suffering no trade from this country, but
through licences publicly sold by her agent, and that all the
suppositions you have formed of innovations on the part of
Great-Britain, or of her pretensions to trade with her ene-
mies are wholly groundless. I have also stated to you the
view his majesty's government has taken of the question of
the blockade of May, 18()6, and it now only remains that 1
tirge afresh the injustice of the United States' government,
persevering in their union with the French system, for the
purpose of crushing the commerce of Great-Britain.

From every consideration which equity, good policy, or
interest can suggest, there appears to be such a call upon
America to give up this system, which favors France, to
the injury of Gn.'at-Britain, that I cannot, however little sat*
isfactury your communications are, as yet abandon all hopes
that even before the Congress meet, a new view may be
taken of the subject by the President, which will lead to a
more happy resutt.

I have the bono* to be, with very high consideration and
tespect, sir, your most obedient humble servant,

AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER.

HISTORY OF TIIK >VAft.

il/r. Monroe to Mr. Foster.
Depahtment <»p State, July 27lh, 1811.

SIR — 1 had Uie honor lo receive your letter of ye«lertlay*i
date, III time to submit it to the view of the President before
he left town.

It was iny otjecl to state to you ^n my letter of the 23d
inst. that under e\<stiii(r (Mrciimstuiues, it wan imftOHmble for
the President to terminate the operation of the non-importa-
tion law of the 2(1 oi March last ; that France having except-
ed the proposition made by a previous law equally to G.
Britain and to France, and h.^vinjr revoked her Decrees,
violating our neutral righlM, andGreat-Dritain havinq; declin.
ed to revoke hers, it became the duty of this government
to inlfil lis engagement, and to declare the non-importa-
iion law in force ao;ainst Great-Britain.

This state of aitairs has not been sought by the United
Stales. When the propoKition, contamed in the law of May
1st, 1810, was offered equally to both powers, there was
cause to presume that Great-Britain would have accepted it,
in which event the non-importation law would not have op-
erated against her. ....

It is in the power of the British government at this tim6
to enable the President to set the non-importation law aside,
by rendering to the United States an act of justice. If
Great-Britain will cease to violate our neutral rights by re-
voking her Orders in Council, on which event alone th^
President has the power, I am instructed to inform you that
he will, without delay, exercise it by terminating the ope-
ration of this law.

It is presumed that the communications which I have
had the honor to make to you, of the revocation by France
of her Decrees, so far as they violated the neutral rights of
the United States, and of her conduct since the revocation,
will present to your government a different view of the sub-
ject, from that which it had before taken, and produce in its
councils a correspondent effect.
I have the honor to be, &c.

JAMES MONROE.

Mr. Monroe to Mr. Foster,
SIR — I have had the honor to receive your letter of the
I30th of .1 uly, and to submit it to the view of the President.

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HISTORY OP THE WAR.

III answerinpf that letter, it is pro|)er tliut I sltould notice
a c^mipiaiiit thai 1 had omitted to re\Ay in mine of the 2^d
of July, to your remonstrance ag^ainst the prochiniatiun of
the President, of November last, and totlie demand which
you had made, hy order of your government, of the repeal
•f the sion-importalion act of March 2d, of the pre sent year.

iVly letter bus certainly not merited this imputation.

Having shewn the injustice of the British j^overnment in
iss'jing the Orders in Council on the pretext assigned, and
its still greater injustice m adhering to them after that pre-
text had failfid, a respect for Ijreat-Bntain, as well as for
the United States, prevented my placmo^ in the strong light
in which the sul>ject naturally presented itself, the renion*
strance alluded to, and the extriiordinary demand founded
on it, that while your government accommodated in noth-
ing, the United States should nlinquish the ground, w'tich
by a just regard to the public rights aitd honor, they had
beeji compelled to take. Propositions tending to degrade
a nation, can never be brought into discussion by a govern-
ment, not prepared to submit to the degradation. It was
for this reason that 1 confined my reply to tliose passages in
your letter, which involved the claim of the United States,
on the principles of justice, to the revocation of the Orders
in Cou.icil. Your demand, however, was neither unnoti-
ced or unanswered. In laving before you the complete,
and as was believed, irresistible proof on wbicli the United
States expected, and called for the revocation of the Orders
in Council, a very explicit answer was supposed to be given
to that demand.

Equally mifounded is your complaint that I misunder-
stood that passage, which claimed as a condition of the re-
vocation of the Orders in Council, that the trade of Great-
Britain with tlie continent, should be restored to the state in
which it was before the Berlin and Milan Decraes were is-
sued. As this pretension was novel and exti'aordinary, it
was necessary that a distinct idea should be formed of it,
and with that view, I asked such an explanation as would
enable me to form one.

lu the explanation given, you do not insist on the right to
trade in British property, with British vessels, directly with
your enemies. Such a claim, you admit, would be pre{)os-
ierous. But you do insist by necessary implication, that

France has
of British i
when the p
moves that
Crcat-Briti

On such
There is, I
wars. Gr<
regulate th
that she mi
Britain wei
nor even ti
this respect
Joes she ar
sent to bee
i.\erce shal
ill their cwi

I might
Great-Brits
of right, or
ment ?

That thd
the questioi
tiieir own \
the French
there those
on the inter

Nor is it
trade of tli
prohibit it,
a necessary
own act ; a
alone are a
sligation an
be said, is, I
nieiibure,
any sanctio
Irai nations

The Uni
ment of the
and of the

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HISTORY OF THE WAR.

IS-

France \\'m no h^^ht to iiiliibil the importation into her ports
of BriliMh manufactures^ of the produce of the British so'l,
when the property of ueiitral» ; and that, until France re-
moves that inbiliition, the United States are to be cut off by
Great-Brituin front all trade whatever', with her enemies.

On such a preteuft* . it is aloiost impossible to reason.
There is, I believe, no example of it in the history of past
>vars. Great-Brilain, the enemy of France, undertakes to
reg^ulate the trade of France ; nor is that ail ; she tells her
that she must trade in British goods. If Fre^nce and Great-
Britain were at peace, this pretension would not be set up,
nor even thought of. Has Great-Britain then acquired in
this respect by war, rights which she has not in peace P And
Joes she announce to neutral nations, that unless they con-
sent to become the instruments of this policy, their com-
L\erce shall be annihilated, and their vessels shall be shut U]^
ill their uwn ports ? ' . ^' ' .!.♦,!• i.;/.

I might ask whether French goods are admitted int6
Great-Britain, even in peace, and if they are, whether it be
of right, or by the consent and policy of the British govern-
ment ?

That the property would be neutralized does not effect
the question. If the United States have no right to carry
their own productions into France without the consent of
the French government, how can they undertake to carry
there those of Great-Brttain ? In all cases it must depend
on the interest and the will of the party.

i\ur is it material to what extent, or by what powers, the
trade of the continent is prohibited. If the powers who
prohibit it, are at war with Great-Britain, the prohibition is
a necessary consequence of that :itate. If at peace, it is their
own act ; and whether it be voluntary, or compulsive, they
alone are answerable for it. If the act be taken at the in-
s\ igation and under the influence of France, the most that can
be said, is, that it justities reprisal against them, by a similar
measure. On no pnnciple whatever can it be said to give
any sanction to the conduct of Great-Britain towards neu-
tral nations.

The United States can have no objection to the employ-
ment of their commercial capital in the supply of France,
and of the continent generally, with manufactures, and to
co.nprise in the supply those of Great-Britain, provided

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Hl<nv>BY OF THE WAB.

lil;.

(hose powen will cooMenl to it. Bui they cannot nndertake to
force such su|iplies on France or on any other power, in
compliance with the claim of the British p^oveniment, oo
|iiMnci|>les incompatible with the rights of every indepen-
dent nation, and they will not demand in i-Av^f of another
pQwer, what they cannot claim for themnelves.

AM that Grcat-Britaiii could with reason coaiplain of,
y/M the inhibition by the French Decree.<i, of the lawful
trade of neutrals, with the British dominions Ah roou as
that inhibition ceased, her inhibition of our trade with
France ought ^n like manner to have cenoii'd. Having
pledged herself to proceed pari passu with France, in the
revocation of their respective acts, violating neutral rights,
it has afforded just cause of oomplaint, and even of aston-
ishment, to the United Stales, that the British government
should have sanctioned the sei/ure and condiimnatioti of
American vessels under the Orders in Council uiter the re-
vocation of llie French LV'crees was announced, and even
u\ the very moment wlien your mission, avowed to be con-
oiliatory, was to have its eiiect.

I will only add that had it appeared tiiially, that France
had failed to perform her engagements, it nii«>ht at least
have been expected, that Greal-Britain woiild not have mo-
lested such of the vessels of the United States as might be
e?"!tering the ports of France, on the faith of both govern-
ments, till that failure was clearly proved.

To many insinuations in your tetter I make no reply, be-
cause they suiilcieatly suggest the only one that would be
proper.

it it were necessary to dwell on the impartiality which
has been observed by the United States towards the two bel-
ligerents, I might ask, whether if G. eat- Britain had accept-
ed the condition which wm oifered equally to her and
France, by the act of May 1st, 1810, and France had re-
jected it, there is cause to doubt that the non-iniuortation act
would have been carried into effect against France ? No
such doubt can possibly exist, because in a former instance,
when this government, trusting to a fuliilnient by yours, of
an arrangement which put an end to a non- intercourse wilh
Great-Britain, the non-intercourse was continued against
France, who had not then repealed her Decrees, as it was
90t d'^ubted England had done. Has it not been repeat-

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HISTORY or TIIC WAR.

%t\\y tleclared to your government, that if Great-Britain
ivuiiltl revoke her Orders in Council, the PreMident would
ihiniedialely cause the non-importation to ceaM; ? You well
know that the same declaration has often been made to
vourself, and that nothing' more is wanting to the removal
of the existing obstructions to the commerce between the
two countries, than a sati^ actory assurance, which will be
ri'ccivcd with pleasure from yourself, that the Orders in
Com. oil are at an end.

B/ llie remark in your letter of the 3d of July, that the
blockade of May, 18()6, had been included in the more
comprehensive system of the Orders in Council of the follow-
ing year, and that, if that blockade sttould be continued in
force after the repeal of the Orders in Council, it would be
inconsequence of the special application of a sufficient na-
val force, I could not but infer your idea to be, that the re-
peal of the Orders in Council would necessarily involve the
repeal of the blockade of May. I was the more readdy
induced to make this inference, from the consideration that
if the blockade was not revoked by the repeal of the Orders
in Council, there would be no necessity for givmg notice
ihal it would be continued ; as by the further consideration,
that according to the decision of your court of admiralty, a
blockade instituted by proclamation docs not cease by the
removal of the force applied to it, nor without a formal no-
lice by the government to that effect. """

It is not, however, wished to discuss any question relative
to the mode by which that blockade may be terminated;
Its actual termination is the material object for considera-
tion.

It is easy to shew, and it has already been abundantly
shown, that the blockade of May, 1806, is inconsistent on
any view that may be taken of it with the law of nations.
It is also easy to show that, as now expounded, it was
equally inconsistent with the sense of your government,
when the order was issued ; and this change is a sufficient
reply to the remarks which you have applied to me person-
ally.

If you will examine the order, you will find that it is
strictly, little more than a blockade of the coast from the
Seme to Ostend. There is an express reservation in it in
favor of neutrals to any part of the coast between Brest an<l

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uisiniiY o*' Tiie WAB.

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the Seine, niid hctwcen Ostciid i\ui\ the Elhe. MeutrHl
powt;rM arc {icrnullfd by it to take troiii their own |iorks
v.\w) kin«] ol' produce without (liHliiiclioii uh to ds oii^in ;
uikMu ciirr^ it, to the roi tiiient uikU-t Ihut liiuitntioii, ;i:i({
'Wilh the exception only of coutritl and of war, aud eiunt>'M
property, and to hrini^ theiier to their own ports iit V\ turn.
whatever articles they tliink tit. Why wen- « (-.ntraliund of
war and enemy's properly excepted, if a coiiinieree evi u m
those arlieles would not otherwise have i>cen periintted un-
der the reservation ? Ni» order was mccssar) to snhjfct
them to seizure. Tliey were liable to it according to the
law of nations, as asserted hy Great-Bntain.

Why then did the tiritish goveruiient institute a block-
ade, which with respect to neutrals was not rig^orons, as to
the g-resder part of the coast comprisi d in it ? if you wtil
look to the slate of tilings which then existed between the
United Stales and V rent-Britain, you will liiid the answer.
A controversy had taken place between our g^overnnients
Qn a ditfcrent topic, which was still pending. The British
governuient had interfered with the trade iM.'lween France
and her allies in the produce of their colonies. The just
claim of the United Slates was then a subject of negotia-
tion ; and your g'overniiient professii.g its willingness to
make a salisfaclory arrnnjrenient of it, issued the Order
"which allowed Ihe trade, without making any concession
as to the principle, reserving that for adjustment by treaty.
It was in this light that I viewed, and in this sense that I
represented that order to my governiueut ; and in iio other
did I make any comment Oii it.

When you reflect that this order by allowing llie trade
of neutrals, in colonial productions, to all that, portion of the
coast which. was not rigorously blockaded, aflorded to Ihe
United States an accommodation in a principal point then
at issue between our governments, and of which their citi-
zens extensively availed themselves that that trade and the
question of blockade, and every other (pieslion in which the
Unile.d Stales and deal- Britain were inlereslcd, were then
in a train of amicable negotiation, you will, I think, seethe
cause why the Diinister who then rttpresented the United
States with the British q:overnment, did not make a formal
complaint against it. You have apj>eaUd to me, who hap-
pened to be that minister, and ui:gcd my sdence as uh evi-

HisToBY OP Tirr. \v\n.

.**1

»:•< -■

douce <»t' my jip|»rol>ulioii oi, ov at |»»;wl ac(|Mirscc in \\\n
idorknile. — An e\|»iHR>ilMti oi tiic C4Uhi> ot tliul mi;i|)om.(1
itilence ih idI lesit duo tu insNOti, tliau to ilit! tnie r|iarnrt« r
ot the Iraiisactioii. Willi tiic nihtister uilli whom I iiaci the
huiior to treiil, 1 mtiy aild, ihHtiui uHioiil foniiai compluiit)
was not likely to l>e re.surU^I to, lH;r»tMi> rri«'i<Jly coinmuiii-
(Mtioiis \^cre iitviled and pn iVrrcd. 'llu^ wtiiil uf such a
docuiiicnt i*t no proof that thi^ nien.siire nvhm approved hy
ine, or that no com|>ianit \iH>r made. In lucalini*; to my
niind, an this nwideul naturally dots, the manly character
uf that diHlin^niNhcd and dlnslrions Ntalisimm, and the coii>
tidence with which he iiiNpired all those with whom he had
to treat, I shall he p'rinilted to e\pre»H axasliirjittriljutc of
respect to hin memory, the very hic^h coitsidcratioii in which
I have always held his <^reat talents and virtues. < > .- r

The United btates have not, nor can they appi'ovc llic
Ulocknde of an extensive coast. Nolhin«r certainly can be
iiitered from any thin^ thai has passed relativeto the block-
ade of May, 1806, to countenance such nn inference.

It is seen with satisfaction that you still admit thstt the
application of an adequate force is necessary to give a
blockade a legal character, and that it will lose that char-
jicter, whenever that adequate force ceases to be applied.
As it cannot be alledged that the application of any such
adequate force has been continued, and actually exists in the
case of the blockade of May, 18<X), it would seem to be a
fair inference, that the repeal of the Orders in Council will
leave no insuperable difhculty with respect to it. To sup-
pose the contrary, would be to suppose that the Orders in
Council, said to include that blockade, rcstiii<Nr themselves
on a principle of retaliation only, and not sustained by the
application of an adequate force, would have the eifect of
sustaining a blockade admitted to require the application of
an adequate force, until such adequate force should actually
take the place of the Orders in Council. Whenever any
blockade is instituted, it will be a subject for consideration,
and if the blockade be in conformity to the law of nations,
there will be no disposition in this government to contest it.

I have the honor to be, &,c. i'lr ' V ? i-;:

I > JAMES MONROE.

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HISTORY OF THE WAR.

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,1 Jl/r. Foster to Mr. Monroe,

Washington, October 22, 18!1.

SIR— I had ilie honor to rcrc Lve your letter of the 171Il
inst. tof^ether with its three encUnures, on the road between
Baltmore and thib city ; I had that of receiving at the nnme
time, your letter dated October 1, in ati&wer to mine of the
26lh of last July, r W"t f .-f » Ii.i^ .^.i « vjffvfj.'

Not having^ had any despatehes from his majesty's gov-
ernment lately, 1 have not as yet received the copy of the
recent communication from Paris in regard to the supposed
repeal of the French Decrees, which the charge d*atfairs of
the United States at London has intimateii to you, that he
understood the Marquis Wellesley intended to transmit to
me, and which I conclude is the same as that contained in
the letter of Mr. Russell, the American charge d*affairs in
France. I am however in daily expectation of the arrival
of his majesty's packet boat, when, it will in all probability
reach roe, and when if I should receive any fresh iiiblruc-
tions in consequence I will not fail immediately to acquaint
you. In the meanwhile, however, 1 beg you will permit
me to make some remarks in reply to your letter of Octo-
ber 1, being extremely anxious to do away the impresision
"which you seem to have received relative to the demand 1^
had made for the repeal of the non-importation act of the
present year.

It is, I assure you, sir, with great regret that I find you,
consider that demand as involving in any degree proposi-
tions tending to degrade your nation. Such an idea cer-
tainly never existed with his majesty's government, nor
-would it be compatible with the friendly sentiments enters
tamed by them* for the United States; neither could I have
suffered myself to be the channel of conveying a demand
which I thought had such a tendency. — However you view
the demand made on the part of Great-Britain, I can safely
say that it was made in consequence of its appearing to his
majesty's government on strong evidence that the chief of
the Freitch nation had really deceived America as to the
repeal of his Decrees, and in the hopes that the United.
States' government '■ ' 'herefore seethe justice of repla-
cing this country ' )rnier footing of amicable rela-.
tions with England, nothing appearing to be more natural
thao such an expectation, which seemed a necessary conse-

mSTORY or THB WAH.

qiienceof the tlijiposition cxiircHMcd hy America to maintain
her ncutralit)', anil dcsirahle in cverv other point of view. T
connot indeed brin^ ni)Keif to think, sir, that your candor
ATould allow you, on a consideration, to put any other ron«
ritruction on the matter, and had my ar^uniei.tN had »uffi«
cient weight with you in shewing that the French Dccreea
were still in force, I r ainot doubt but you would have
uirrred with me in the conclusion 1 drew — it would seem
therefore only owin^ to your not viewing^ the deceitful con-
duct of the French g-overnment in the same light that it ap-
pears to his majesty *s government, that a difference of
opinion exists between us as to the proposal I made, which
under the conviction entertained by them was, surely a very
just and natural one.

f rom the earnest desire of vindicating myself and my
government from the charge of making any degrading or
unjust demands on that of America, I have, taken the liber-
ty to trouble you so tar nnd I will now proceed to shev/
why I thought you had misunderstood the passage of my
letter which related to the extent in which the repeal of the
French Decrees >vas required by Great-Britain. In the ex-
planation which you desired on this point I gave you that
which theMarquisWellesley gave Mr. Pinkney in answer
to his letter of August 25. 1810, and I beg to refer you to
the message of the President of the United States on the
opening of CongrctS m December, 1810, for a proof that
the demand of Great-Britain in the extent in which I have
stated it was known to your government several months
ago — how was I thererore to f ppose in the term innova-
tions, as applied to the explanation given by me, that you
could mean otherwise than some really new pretension on
the part ot Great-Britaia such as that France should suffer
British property to be carried into her ports for the purpo-
ses of trade? if the warmth I was betraved into in endeav-
ormg to refute a supposed imputation of this sort gave any
offence, I sincerely regret it, and I will beg permission here
to say, sir, that if unconsciously 1 have by any of my remarks
ledyou to suppose they conveyed any improper insinuations,
as one paragraph of your letter would appear to im|>ly, I
am most unfeignedly sorry for it, as I entertain llie high-
est respect for you, personally, and for your government ;
^nd could onlv have meant what I wrote in the wav of ar-

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UISTORY OP TflE WAR.

.l| ' I

gument, or for llie purpose of contrasting tli© proree<linafs
of France in ber conduct towardti the United States with
that of Great- Britain. ^ irt* . ; i ^ in ;:» iw t' librrs Jvfu; : j

In revertinjr to Uie extraordinary and unprecedented sit-
uation of things that has aristen out of the war in Europe it
would 8cem needless to repeat the evidence there is that tltt
lawless and unbounded auihit ion of the ruler of France has
l)een the orit^in of it, and it cannot be a secret to the Unit-
ed States' government that his plan has been and avowedly
continues to be, not to scruple at the violation of any law,
provid'id he can thereby overthrow the maritime power of
England. Is it not therefore reasonable in Great-Britain
to distrust an ambiguous declar<ition of his having sudilen-
]y given up any part of a system which bethought calculat-
ed to produce such an effect ? You say however that the
Decrees of Berlin and Milan are revoked. America, as
not being at war, and therefore not seeing so clearly into
the views of France, may be less scrupulous as to the evi-
dence necessary to prove the fact — but sir, it surely cannot
be expected that Great-Britain, who is contending for ev-
ery thing that is dear to her, should not require more proof
on a point so material to ber. It is undoubtly a very desi-
rable thing for the United States to have a free and unre-
stricted trade with both belligerents, but the essential se-
curity and most important interests of Amercia are not in-
volved in the question as are those of Great- Britain. France
has levelled a blow which she hopes will prove deadly to
f he resources of G. Britain, and before the British govern-
meut can with safety give up the measures of defence in
consequence adopted by them, very strong proof must
exist of the cessation by France of her novel and unprece->
dented measures.

I confess, sir, with the sincerest disposition, to discover on
the part of the ruler of France, a return to the long-esta-
blished practice of warfare as exerciseil in civilized Europe,
1 have been unable to succeed ; and if the French govern-
ment bad really meant to withdraw their obnoxious De-
crees, it is inconceivable, why, instead of allowing their in-
tentions to be guessed at, or infered, they should not openly
and in plain language have declared so ; the Decrees them-
selves, having been clearly enough announced on their
enactment, m by should not their revocation be equally ex-
jjlicit '^ "

HISTORY or THK WA*. #1

While, liowrver^, nninerons declnmtions have het>n made
oil tilt; part ol France, of the coiitinnefl existence ot'the De-
crtt's jiiid ciiplures made niMler them of neutral ships have
occurred, a few of the American iressels seized since No-
veml»er 1, have been rentored, and the foregoing^, a very
small |iartof his plunder, isdeflired by Bonaparte to be con-
sid<Ted as a proof of the sincerity of his revocation by
America ; bnt it mn»t be recollected, that besides the ob-
ject of ruininjsr the British resoarces by his own unauthor-
i/ed regulations, he has also thai of endeavoring; to obtain
the aid of the United St:>tes for the same purpose, and here-
in you will, as I had the honor to remark in a former letter,
be able to observe the cause of the apparently contradictor
ry language held both by himself and his ministers.

I shall be extremely happy, to receive from you, sir, the
information that in a frank and unambiguous manner the
chief of the Fiencli government had revoked his Decrees.
Why he shonld not do so is inexplicable if he means to re-
vert to the ordinary rale:* of war, bnt while he exercises swell
i.!v;spolic sway whci-ever his influence extends, to ruin the
■ sources of England, it cannot be expected that Great-
ijnlain shall not use ihe meai.s she possesses for the purpose
of making him feel the pressure cf his own system. Inhere
is every reason to believe, that ere long the ett'ects on the
enemies ot Great- Britain will be sue!), as irresistibly topro«
duce a change which will place commerce on its former
basts. In the mean time, sir, I hope yon will not think it
extraordinarv, if I should contend that the seiz.ure of Ameri-
can siiips by France, since November 1, and the positive
and iniquaiihed declarations of the French government, are
stronger proofs of the continued existence of the Frencli
Occrees and the bad faith of (he ruler of France, than the
restoration of five or six vessels, too palpably given up for
fallacious purposes, or in testimony of liis satisfaction at the
allitnde taken by Ameriia, is a proof of their revocation,
or of his return to the principles of justice. ..! ■ ,•• .. '

I will only repeat, sir, in answer to your observations, ou
the late condemnation of the ships taken under bin majes-
ty's Orders in Council, what i have already had the honor
to stale to you, thai the delay which took place in their cou-
(lenination was not in c«Yiisefjnence of any doubt existing iu
his majesty's govenimeiitjas to Whether the French D«crees

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HISTORY OF THE WAR.

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\i'ere revoked, as you seetn to imagine, but in consequence
of iU boiui; I bought that the American government u on its
a]»|)eHring that they were deceived by France, would have
ceased their injurious measures against the British com-
merce. A cousiderable time elapsed before the decision
look place on those ships, and there is no doubt, but that
had the U. Slates' government nut persisted in the unfriend-
ly attitude towards G. Brit:iin on discovering the ill faith
of France, a spirit of conciliation in bis majesty *6 govern-
ment would hav;! caused their release. ' l^ '■■^
In reply to your observations on the pretensions of G.
Britain, relative to the revocation of the French Decrees, I
beg to repeat that the sum of the demand made by England
is, that France should follow the established laws of warfare
as practised in former wars in Europe. Her ruler by hts
Decrees of Berlin and Milan, declared himself no longer
bound by them ; he has openly renounced them in his vio-
lent eAurts to ruin the resources of G. Britain, and has
trampled on the rights of independent nations to eilect his
purpose. If the French governme.it make use of means of
unprecedented violence to prevent the intercourse of Eng-
land with unoflending neutrals, can it be expected that Eng-
land should tamely suiiier the establishment of such a novel
system of v/ar without retaliation, and endeavoring in her
turn to prevent the French from enjoying the advantages
of which she is unlawfully depi:ived ?

Having explained already the situation in vi'hich the ques-
tion of the blockade of May, 1806, rests, according to the
views of his majesty's governriienl, and the desi'/e of G.
Britain to conduct her system of blockade according to the
laws of nations, I will only advert to it on this occasion, for
the purpose of taking the liberty of acknowledging to you,
the very great pleasure 1 receive<l from the highly honora-
ble mark of respect, which you have taken the occasion to
express for the iltuslrious statesman from whose counsels
that measure emanated. •■' *'• ' ' - '

1 need not repeat to you, sir, what sincere satisfaction it
would give me, if without the sacritice of the essential rights
and interests of G. Britain, all the points in discussion be-
tween our two countries could be finally adjusted.

I have the honor to be, \c. •'•

. •:■ :.;>U --i!^'i I AXJGD5TUS J. FOSTER.

tllSTORY OF THE WAR.

r>7

;■ «

31r* Monroe to Mr. Foster, 7/

Dkpautment ov Stati-:, Oct. 39, 1811.

SlK — i have had the honor to receive your letter ot'tlie
22(1 of this month, and to lay it before the Presideiit r< . i

The assurance which you have given o\' your disposition
to reciprocate, in our commutiicationson the itnportant sui)-
jt cts depending Ijetween our governments, the respectful
attention which each has a rif^ht to claim, and that no de-
parture tVom it was intended \n your letter of the 'iOlh July,
\if i been received with the satisfaction due to the (rank and
conciliatory spirit in v^hich it was made. ,; ; f, T -IH^

I learn, however, with much regret, that you have de-
ceived no instructions from your government^ founded ofi
the new proof of the revocation of the Berlin and Milan
Decrees, which was communicated to the Marquis of Wel-
lesley^ by the American charge d'aifairs at London, in a
document of which I had the honor to transmit to you a
copy. It mig-ht tairly have been presumed^ as I have before
observed, that the evidence aiiorded by that document^ of
the complete levocation oi' those Decrees, so far as they in-
tcrfered with the commerce of the U. States with the British
dominionsv would have been followed by an inuncdiate
rejieal of the Orders in Council. Prom the reply of the
Marquis of Wellesley, it was at least to have been expected
that no time had been lost in transmitting that document to
you, and that the ini^truclions accompanying it, would have
manifested a change in the sentiments of yuuf government
on thf subject. The regret^ thertfore, cannot but be increas-
ed in findingthatthe coinmunication, whicli 1 had the honor
to make to you» has not oven had the etlccl of .suspending
your eftbrts to vindicate the jjerseverar.ce of your govern-
ment in enforcing thoae Ordei's.

I regret also to obs* rve, llw.t the light in which you have
Viewed this document, and the remarks which you have
made on the subject, generally, seems to preclude any other
view of the conditions on which those Orders are to be re-
voked, than those that were furnished by your former com-
nuiniculions. You still adhere to the pretension that the
productions and manufactrres of G. Britain, when ne;-
tralized, must be admitted into the ports of your enemies.
This pretension, however vague the language heretofore
held bv vour government, puriicularlv bv the Marquis of

j^^tt

, ■ I

"!1

i:i

I' '

lUSTOllY OF THE "WAR.

AVellesley, in his rommunications with Mr. Piiikncy, on th«
suhject, was never uiuleiHtood to have been einbrucetl.
Nolhinf , indeed, short of the speeific declarations which
yon have made, would have induced a belief that such was
l^he case. .....if - •r-,-««jj

1 have the honor to be, &c.

JAMES MONROE,

( (,.)

.J .

Mr. Foster to Mr, Monroe. " *
'*^ :m . Wasuinoton, Oct. Slst, »81l.

SIR— I did not reply at leu<rth to the observations con«
tallied in your letter of the Istnist. on the pretensions ot G.
Britain as relative to the French system, because you seemed
to me to have argued as if but a part of the system continu-
ed, and even that part had ceased to be considered as a
measure of war against G. Britain. For me to have allowed
this, would have been at once to allow in the face of facts,
that the Decrees of France were repealed, and that her un-
precedented measures, avowedly pursued in deHunce of the
laws of nations, were become mere ordiiiary regulations of
trade. I therefore thought iit to confine my answer to your
remarks, to a general statement of the sum of the demands
of G. Britain, whirh was, that France should by eifectually
revoking her Decrees, revert to the usual method of carry-
ing on war as practised in civilized Europe.

The pretensions of France to prohibit all commerce in
articles of British origin, in every part of the continent, is
one among the many violent innovations which are con-
tained in the Decrees, and which are preceded by the de-
claration of their being founded on a determination of the
ruler of France, as he himself avowed, to reveii: to the prin-
ciples which characterised the barbarism of the dark ages,
and to forget all ideas of j\istice, and even the common feel-
ings of humanity, in the new method of carrying on war
adopted by him.

It is not, however, a question with G. Britain of mere com-
mercial interest, as you seem to suppose, which is involved
in the attempt by Bonaparte to blockade her both by sea
and laufi, but one of the feeling, and of national honor, cun-
tendikig as we do against the principles which he professes in
his new system of warfare. It is impossible for us to submit
to the doctrine that he has a right to compel the whole con-
tidcnt to break oft' all intercourse with us, and to seize upon

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

veA^U belon;^iii<; to neiitnl nations upKin the sole pica of
their haviiitf viiiiletJ an English port, or oi'thoir beiii«( Uileii

ith

^hat

.soev(

articles of BnlUh or colottiul prod
manner eccTt^ired. > ,„.,

This pretension, however, is but apart of that syRtcni,
the whole of which, under our conslruclion of iJie letter of
M. ChampajC^nVf of AuiruRt 5, IHIO, corroborated b\ uiany
subsequent declarations of the French f^ovcrnnienU and not
invalidated by any unequivocal declaration of a conU'ury
tenor, must be considered as still in full force.

In the cooiuiunication which you lately transniilted lo
jiie, I am &orry to re|)eat, that I was unable to discover aiiy
fiicts which satisfactorily proved that the Decrees had been
actrally repealed, and I have already re|>eat(:dly slated the
reasons which too probably led to the restoration of a few
of the American shi|3s taken in pursuance of the Beiliii and
Mdan Decrees after November 1. Mr. Russell does not
seem to aeny that the Decrees may still be kept in force,
only he thinks they have assumed a municipal character ,
but in M. Cliampagny's declaration, ambi<ruous as it was,
there is no such division of iliem into two different charac-
ters; for if the contingency required by the French iMinis-
tertook place, the Berlin and Milan Decrees were loce^sc,
according io bis expression, without any qualificaliun, IP,
therefore, a part of them remain, or be revived agniui as
seems to be allowed even here, why may not the witule be
equally so ? Where proof can be obtained of their existence,
we have it, namely, in the ports of France, in which vessels
have been avowedly seized under their operation since No-
vember 1. Of their maritime existence we cannot so easily
obtain evidence, because of tlie few French ships of war
whicji venture to leave their„ harbors. Who can dotibl,
iiowever, that had the ruler of France a n^vy at his com-
mand, equal to the enforcing of hi« violent Decrees, hr
would soon show that part of them to be no dead letter.
The principle is not the less obnoxious because it is from
necessity almost dormant for the moment, nor ought it there-
fore to be less an object to be strsnuously resisted.

Allow me, sir, here to express my sincere regret, that 1
have not as yet been able to convince you, by what 1 can-
not but consider the strongest evidence, of the coitlinued
existence of the French Decrees, and cousequently of Ihn

It ii

\-U

' iM

'4 .as

IIIiSTORY or THE WAH.

unfricnilly policy of your govei'nn'.enl in enforcinjr the non.
importation airuiiiRt uk, niul opeiiin«^ (he trnde with our en<
emics. His royal hignesM will, f am convinced, leani with
unt'eig^ned sorrow, that such continues to l)e still the deter-
mination of America, and whatever restrictions on the com-
merce, enjoyed by America in his majesty's dominions,
may ensnc on the part of G. Britain, as retaliatory on the re-
fusal by your government to adinit the productions of G.
Britain while they open their harbors to those of his majes-
ty's enemies, they will, I am persuaded, he ado|>ted with
sincere pain, and with pleasure relinquished whenever this
country shall resume her neutral position and impartial al-
titude between the two belli^ren^.
I have the honor to be, &c.

AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER.

> »'^i.

■|! :'

!,'

CHAPTER II.

*■»

' - -' MESSAGE,

To the Senate and Home of Hepresentatives of tlie U. Sinks,

I communicate to Congress copies of a correspondence
between the Envoy Extreiordinary and Minister Iptenipo-
tentiary of G. Britain and the Secretary of State, relative to
the age^ression committed by a British ship of war on the
U. Slates' frigate Chesapeake, by which it will be seen that
^he suljject of difference between the two countries, is ter-
minated by an offer of reparation which has l)een acceded to.
..,:... .,..u. JAMES MADISOI^. . ■

Washington, November ^3, 18H. . ^.

) < .i \u Mr. Foster to Mr, Monroe.
' '^ Washington, October 30, 1811.

SIR~-rI bad already the honor to mention to you that I
came to this country furnished with instructions from his
royal highness the prince regent, in the name and on behalf
of his majesty, for the purpose of proceeding to a final ad-
justment of the differences which have arisen between G.
Britain and the U. States of America in the affair of the
Chesapeake Frigate; and I had also that of acquainting
you with the necessity under which I found myself of suspcn-

HISTORY OF THE WAB.

(liner the executing of those in»traction9 in conarqiMnce of
inv not having perceived that any Nte^Ni whatever were U*
kiM by the An:criran goveruineui to clear up the circifin-
gtance of an event M'hich tlireatened so materially to inter-
fupt the harmony su^isisting between onr two countries, as
tlint which occurred in the month of last May, between the
U. Htnteii* bliif) President and his irjujeHty's ship Little Belt,
when every evidence before his majesty's government
seemed to shew that a roost evident and wanton outrago
had been committed on a British ship of war by an Ameri-
cun Commodore. i/fvH t: t

A Court of Eiiquiry, however, as you informed me iu
your letter of tlie 1 1th inst. has since been heUI by order of
the President of the U. States on the conduct of Cnmmo*
(lore Rodgers, and this preliminary to further discussion on
the subject lieing a!l that I asked in ihe first infdance as due
to the friendship subsisting between the two States, I have
now the honor to acquaint you that I am ready to proceed
in the truest sp.rit of conciliation to lay before you the terms
of reparation which his royal highess has cummanddd ma
to propose to the U. States* government, and only wait to
know when it will suit your convenience to enter upon the
discussion. 1 have the honor to be, H{.c.

V t AUG. J. FOSTER. -

.««

-4 ,

(.» '>::•/.'

•If I

Jiff. Monroe to Mr. Foster. t

Department of State, Oct. 31, i 811.

SIR —I have just had the honor to receive your letterof
the '30th of this month.

I am glad to find that the communication which I had
the honor to make to you on the 11th insl. relative to the
Court of Knputry, which was the subject of it, is viexred by
you in the favorable light which you have stated.

Although I regret that the pro()Osition which you now
make in consequence of that oommunication, has been de-
lated to the present moment, I am ready to receive the
terms of it whenever you may think proper tocommnuicate
them. Permit me to add, that the pleasure of finding them
satisfactory, w .li be duly augmented, if they should be intro>
ductory to the removal of ALL the differences depending
between our two countries, the hope of which is so <ittle en-
C9uraged by your pa^t correspondence. A prospect of

'■ f\

HIHTORY OF THE WAR.

!•!!

i'!'

I; ;

'■■ III

|1:

guc« a retiilt, will be embraced, on my pnrt, with a spirit of
90iiciliAtion, equal to tlmt wliicli has been expreiMed by you.
1 have the honor to be, btc.

;.M. '«J /4i'«j»iiu« • ;-»ti.J< ii JAMES MONROE.

y» >U<*r *

^- ft

(.K?

Mr. Foster to Mr. Monroe.
." Washington, Nov. Ut, 1811.

SIR— In pursuance of the orders which f have received
from liis royal highness, the pri^^ce regent, in the name and
on the behalf of his majesty, for the purpose of proceeding
to a tinal adjustment of the differences which have arisen
between G. Britain and the U. States, in the affair of the
Chesapeake frigate, I have the honor to acquaint you— >
First, that I am instructed to repeat to the American gov-
ernment the prompt disavowal made by his majesty, (and
recited in Mr. Erskine^s note of Aprd 17, 1809, to Mr.
Smith,) on being apprised of the unauthorized act of the
officer in command of his naval forces on the coast of Ame*
rica, whose recall from an highly important and honorable
command, immediately ensued, as a mark of his majesty's
disapprobation.

Secondly, that 1 am authorised to offer, in addition to
that disavowal, on the part of his royal highness, the imme-
diate restoration, as far as circumstances will admit, of the
men who in consequence of admiral Berkley's orders, were
forcibly taken out of the Chesapeake, to the vessel from
which they were taken ; or if that ship should be no longer
in commission, to such sea-port of the U. States as the
American government may name for the puspose. ..ii ' .

Thirdly, that 1 am also authorised to oner to the Ameri-
can government a suitable pecuniary pro\ ision for the suf-
ferers in consequence ofthe attack on the Ghesapeuke, in^
eluding the families of those seamen who unfortunately fell
in action, and ofthe wounded survivors.

These honorable propositions, I can assure you, sir, are
made with the sincere desire that they may prove satisfac-
tory to the government of the U. States, and I trust they
will meet with that amicable reception which their concilia-
tory nature entitles them to. 1 need scarcely add how cor-
dially I join with you in the wish that they might prove in-
troductory to a removal of all the differences depending beo
tweeu our two countries. I have the honor to be, <Scc.

AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER.

■ •V

HISTORY or THB WAS.

> » " Mr. Monroe to Mr. Foster.

Washington Nov. 12,1811.

SIR — I have had the honor to receive your letter of the
Ui Ni^vember, and to lay it before the President

It is nitich to \je regretted that the reparation due for such
an atfgresHion as that committed on the U. States Frigate,
the Chesapeake, should have been so long delayed ; nor
rouid tiie translation of the offending officer from one com-
mand to another, be regarded aa constituting a part of a re-
paration otherwise satisfactory ; considering, however, the
existing circumstances of the case, and the early and ami-
cable attention paid to it by his royal highness the prince
regent, tlie President accedes to the proposition contained
in your letter, and in so doing, your government will, 1 am
persuaded, see a proof of the conciliatory disposition by
which thf President has been actuated. i . ••••r\.i<

The officer commanding the Chesapeake, now lying in
the harbor of Boston, will be instructed to receive the men
Nvlioare to be restored to that ship. . . , . ^ , . •<';

I have the honor to be, (Sec.

JAMES MONROE.

* r. ',"..' • MESSAGE,

To the Senate and House of Representatives of the U. States.

I communicate to Congress a letter from the Envoy Ex-
traordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of G. Britain, to
the Secretary of State, with the answer of the latter.

The continued evidence, afforded in this correspondence;,
of the hostile policy of the British government against our
national rights, strengthens the considerations recommend-
ing and urgiug the preparation of adequate means for main-
taining tlieiu.

Washington, Jan. 16, 1812.

JAMES MADISON.

Mr. Foster to Mr. Monroe. ;

Washington, Dec. 17, 1811.
SIR — I did not mean to have written to you at this mo-
ment on the subject of our late correspondence, but that I
have had the morliticutton to perceive statements, circulated
from highly respectable sources, which give a view of the
pretensions of G. Britain relative to the C Slates not war-

III

]'* f

i"/

llJbTORT OF Ttf R WAft.

;■ I:

:'i

rantc«l b) ;iiiy of Ihe loller« which I had the lienor to ad
dreflt«to 3fOu, and which, nt a time when dijiciissions aiv
roiitiiiuiiig^NO itii|ioi1antto tho two countries, mij^ht, if Iffi
unrtctified, produce an cftect hig^hly lo be hiinented by
.bolh the Ainencan and Britinh y^OTernnientii, u\ un much as
by creating unneoesHary irritutionv they nnght throw obsla-
cles in the way of a restorulion of a friendly understiniding
between llieiii*

I find it asserted, in the statement referred to, that I
itave, in Ihe name of my y^oTernmeitt, demanded that the
U. StateH* government should pass a law for the introduc-
tion of British y^ood.i into the American porlSi and aUo that
the U. iiHateA sliould undertake lo force France to receive
into her harbors British mannfactnrcN.

I beg^ permission, sir, lo dechire that neither of these de-
innnds have been made by tue, and that my meaning must
not have been understoodi if such was conceived to have
been its import. I could not have demanded the passage
of such a law as above stated, becau^fe my government
does not pretend to interfere with the internal governnu3nt
of a friendly power, nor did I mean to deinaiidthatAmeri<
ra should force Prance to receive our manufactures.

All I meant to say, was, thai the admission of French
commerce, while that of England has been excluded from
the U. Slates' ports, was regarded by G. Britain as highly
unfriendly in America, and that a cunliiuiation of such
policy would be retaliated upon by G. Britain with similar
restrictions on her part, which was so fur merely an offering
of like for like. But while the American non-importation
act excludes ikitish trade from the IJ. States' ports, it must
be recollected that it goes still further and excludes also
British armed ships from American ports, while it admits
those of the enemies of G. Britain. ' A neutral nation is
responsible for the equality of its rules of conduct towards
the belligerent powers ;' (to use the words of an American
Secretary of Stale in the year 17t)6,) and Ihereiorelhat part
ofllie law which establishes an inequality was justly aii olj-
ject of more serious complaint on the part of G. Britain.
You are aware, sir, of the advantage whieh his majesty's
enemies have derived !^'i'om this stale of inequality* which en-
ables them, though possessing no port in this hemisphere,
continually to prey on the trade of his majesty's subjects,
;eenre of a refuge foi* their rrni/ois and their prizes.

HISTORY OF THC WAE*

The proliibition of entry to his majeAty'M sliips under
(Iic!«<' f^irciiinAtniices mig^lit |)frhu|>njiMtit'y G. Bntain in ua-
5Prtin^, that whatever rPMon Nlii'mny have tor re(>CHiin|<r or
modify in^ her Orders in Council, no ntito leNHen, or entirely
remove tiie pressure now anavoidably laul on the trade of
Anicricn, as u neutral nation, she nii(^ht yet ri'fuMe to enter
iiilu any dis(Missiuii on thiit subject with the IJ. StatfN, un-«
til either by the revocation of the prohibition above stated,
or the placing all the belligerents under the same prohibi-
tion, America should cease to violate the duties of a neutral
nation.

With respect, however, to the supposed demand that
Aiiurica should force the entry of British manufactures
into France, it is must particularly necessary that 1 should
explain myself, as a total misconcep ion appears to have
luken place upon this point. The question of retaliation
on the FVench Decrees, is directly one between £ngland
and Fmnce. In consequence of the e. traord'nary block-
ade of England, we have in our detence been oblige ' to
blockade France, and prohibit all trade in French lubdea,
ill return for the prohibition by France of all train in English
arlicies. This measure of retaliation, it is visliad, should
operate on Franco alone, but (rotn the trnUe carried on
with France by America, it unavoidably operates also on
her; it is a measure to destroy the French trade in return
for the similar measure of France on which it is retaliatory,
niid its acting on neutrals is an incidental effect of it, conse-
quent upon the submission of neutrals to the original meas-
ures of the enemy against G. Britain. It is indeed melan-
choly that the unnatural situation of Europe should produce
such a result, but I cannot see how this can be considered
as war on American commerce, Vvhfn all other American
trade but that which iscarrietl on vvUh our enemy's [torts
in defiance of a blockade authorized by the laws of retalia-
tion is unaffected by it. We complain that America does
not resist the regulations of the Berlin and Milan Decrees,
and object to permitting the French to trade with her dur-
ing their continuance against the commerce of England ;
but this is not exacting, as has been represented, that Anie-
! ica should force British manufactures into France ; it is
pursuing only a just course of retaliation on our enemy.
If America wishes to trade with France, if French cora-

<li

^ h\

UrSTORY OF THE WAR.

mil

inerce is of importance In tier — we expect she should exact
of Fnince \o trade with lier aswhe has a right to tl«einand in
her quality of neutral ; but if she lioes not choose to exer-
cise this right, all we ask is, that she Kliould abstain from
lending her assistance to the trade of Fiance, and not allow
her commerce to be a uiedium of vuiderroiaiiig the resouF-
cesofG. Britain.

1 have thought it necessary thus to endeavor to set the.se
two points in their true light : the repeal of the law was ask-
ed, as being an unfriendly measure, partial in its operation
agamsl G. Britain, and a prospect of retaliation was held
out on its commercial o^^eration, if continued. This is no
demand on the U. States to admit British manufactures;
they are at liberty to continue that law, only as it is of an
unfriendly nature, some restriction of a similar kind was to
be expected from England ; and with reject to the alledg-
ed demand for fiircing British goods, the property of neu-
trals, into French ports, if the U. States are willing to ac-
quiesce in the regulations of the French Decrees unlawfully
affecting England through them, they cannot surely be sur-
prised if we consider ourselves as at liberty to refuse per-
mission to the French to profit by that acquiescence.

I will now, sir, take the opportunity of stating to you,
that I hswe received from his majesty's Secretary of State,
Ibe correspondence of which you did me the honor to trans-
mit to me a copy, in your letter dated Oct 17. My govern-
ment have not been able to see in it satisfactory proof of the
repeal of the French Decrees, and doubt whether the trade
carried on by licences between France and America, will
not be regarded, even here, as proof of the coQtinuation of
them in their fullest extent, for if they were to any extent
repealed, to that extent at least no licence should be neces-
sary, a licence being given to allow what, but for that li-
cence, would be prohibited.

The continued abirence hitherto of any instrument by
which the repeal has been effected, is a matter also of sur-
prise, for if there were any fair dealing in the transaction,
Qo reason can be given by France for not producing it ; it
is very desirable that it should be produced, if such an in-
strument be in existence, in order that we may know to
what extent the Decrees have been repealed, if they reallr
have been so in any respect. Mr. Russell bowever» doef

»ot app
MIrr of
esting, t
cation o
ernment
French
taken at'
with th<
heen tak
from thJ!
strumenl
other tra
dominio
Ih:

SIR-

cember ]
commani

It woi
to have f
si lion in
ences sul
obliged t
terminati
putable.

You c
been mis
you hav€
States, a
ports, an<
to receiv

You
only to r
tial in its
account
pei'seven
on the CO
her part,
to urge,

HlfrroKY OF THE WAK.

tot appear to have l-f^rn in possession of it al the date of his
]t[\pv of last July. It is indeed become particularly inter-
esting, that we sliould see this instrument since the publi-
cation of Mr. Ruvseirs correspondence with his own ^v-
ernment, by which it appears lliat realty, and in fact, tlte
French g'overnment did not release any American ships
tttkon alter November 1, until they had become acquainted
with the president's ])roclan)ation, and that vt^sfteis have
been taken so late as December 21, in tlie dii'ect voyage
irom this country to London ; for until a copy of such an m-
strumentis produced, it is impossible to know whether a;iy
other trade is allowed by France than that between her own
dominions and the ports v^f the U. States.
I have the honor to be, Sec.

AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER. '■

Mr. Monrcie to 31 r. Foster, • . . ,
Department op State, Jan. 14 1812.

SIR — I have had the honor to receifve your letter of De-
cember 17th, and embrace the Hrst moment that I could
command, to make the observations which it sug'g-ests.

It would have aftbrded g'reat satisfaction to the President,
to have found in the communication, some proof of a dispo-
sition in the British government to put an end to the difl'er-
ences subsisting between our countries. — I am sorry to be
obliged to state, that it presents a new proof only of its de-
termination to adhere to the policy, bo which they are im-
putable.

You complain tiiat tl>e import of your former letters has
been misunderstood in two im|>ortant circumstances ; that
you have been represented to have demanded of tlie U.
Slates, a law for the introduction of Briltsh jjfoods into their
ports, and that they should also undertake to force France
to receive British manufactures into her harbors.

You stale that on the first point, it was your intention
only to remonstrate against the non-importation act, as par-
tial in its operation, and unfriendly to G. Britain, on which
account its repeal was claimed, and to intimate tl>at if it was
persevered in, G. Britain would be compelled to retaliate
oil the commerce of the U. States, by similar restrictions on
her part. And on the second point, that you intended only
to urge> that iru»con sequence ot the extraordinary blockade

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HISTORY OP THE WAR.

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of England, your p^overnment had been obliged to blockade
Fiv<nce, and to pruhibil all trade in French articles, in re«
turn for the prohibition by France of all trade in English
articlcH. *

It is sufficient to remark on the first point, that on what-
ever ground the repeal of the non-importation act is rc-
auired, the United States are justified in adhering to it, by
the refusal of the Brit.sh government to repeal its Orders in
Council ; and if a distinction is thus produced between G.
Britain and the other belligerent, it must t)e reterred to the
difference in the conduct of the two parties.

On the second point, I have to observe, that the explana-
tion given cannot be satisfactory, because it does not meet
the case now existing. France did, it is true, declare a
blockade of England, against the trade of the U. Stales,
and prohibit all trade in English articles on the high seas,
but this blockade and proliibition no longer exist. — It is
true also, that a part of those Decrees, did prohibit a trade
in English articles, within her territorial jurisdiction ; but
this prohibition violates no national rights, or neutral com**
merce of the U. Stales. Still your blockade and prohibi-
tion are continued, in violation of the national and neutral
rights of the U. States, on a pretext of retaliation, which, if
even applicable, could only be applied to the former, and
not to the latter interdicts : and it is required that France
shall change her internal regulations against Knglisii trade,
before England wdl change her external regulations against
the trade of the U. States.

But you still insist that the French Decrees are unrevok-
ed, and urge in proof of it, a fact drawn from Mr. Rus-
sell's correspondence, that some American vessels have
been taken since the 1st of November, in their route to Eng-
land. It is a satisfactory answer to this remark, that it ap-
pe-^rs by the same correspondence, that every American
"vessel which had been taken in that trade, the seizure of
-which rested on the Berlin and Milan Decrees only, were,
as soon as that fact was ascertained, delivered up to their
owners. Might there not be other ground also, on which
seizures might be made ? G. Britain claims a right to seize
for other causes, and ail nations admit it in the cas^of con-
traband of war. If by the law of nations, one belligerent
has a right to seize neutral property in any case^. the olhcr

belligerer

the pnicli

which is ^

faith due

rssential

IT. States

kttcr to

made a f

from his

possessed

suppress i

was entir

plain of a

inslrmner

Orders in

You r<

ernmeut I

gaged in

additiona

their fuUe

drawn frc

It was nc

l^rohibit

They wei

G. Britai

hibit the

tbeU. S

to prohibi

Britain

complain

sped hav(

biting oui

would no

licencing

Iniiig, itp

in other

to extract

Decrees a

the U. {:

French p

U. States

least as a

HISTORY or THE WAE.

belligerent has the %nuv njriil. N'»r oujjht [ to overlook that
the practice of couulerftJlin!^ AiiuTican (lapers in En^^iaiul,
which is well known tu lh< coiilnient, has by imiminni^ the
faith clue to American dorinnents, tioni' to the U. Stales
rssential ijijnry. Afj:ainsl this practice the minister of the
IT. Slates at London, sis wih appear by reference to h>8
letter to the Marquis VVellesley of the 3d of May, J 8 10,
made a formal representation, in purNuance of instruciions
from his gcvernmenl, with an ofl'er of ev^ry information
possessed by him, wiiich might contribute to detect and
suppress it. It is painful to add that this cominunicalion
was entirely disregarded. That G. Britain should com-
plain of acts in France, to which by her negflect, she was
instrumental, and draw from them proof in support of her
Orders in Council, ought certainly not to have been expected.
You remark also, that the practice of the French gov*
ernraent to grant licences to certain American vessels, en-
gaged in the trade between the U. States and France, is an
additional proof that the French Decrees still operate in
their fuUe^^ extent. On what principle this inference is
drawn from that fad it is impossible for me to conceive.
It was not the object of the Berlin and Milan Decrees to
prohibit the trade Li^tween the U. States and France.
They were meant to prohibit the trade of the U. States with
G. Britain, which violated our neutral rights, and to pro<'
hibit the trade of G. Britain with the continent, with which
the U. States have nothing to do. If the object had been
to prohibit the trade between the U. States and Fra ce, G.
Britain could never have found in them any pretext for
complaint. And if the idea of retaliation, could in any re*>
sped have been applicable, it W(»uld have been by prohi.
biting our trade with herself. To prohibit it with France,
would not have been a retaliation, but a co-operation. If
licencing by France the trade in certain instances, prove any
thing, it proves nothing more than that the trade with France
in other instances, is under restraint. It seems impossible
to extract from it in any respect, that the Berlin and Milan
Decrees are in force, so far as they prohibit the trade between
the U. States and England. I might here repeat the
French practice of granting licences to trade between the
U. States and France, may have been intended in part, at
least as a security agamst the simulated papers j the ibrgmg

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liiSTORY OF TUK WAR.

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of which was not suppicsscd in Eni^lnnd. Il is not to be
infered from Uu^se remarks, timt a trade by licence, is one
with which the L'nited Stales sire s aiKfied. They huvethe
strongest objections lo it, but these are founded on other
princi|)lt'S, than those s!i«fgested in your nole.

It is a cause of great surprise to the Pres lent, thai your
government has not seen in thecorresj)ondei5ce of Mr. Rus-
sell, whi'h I had the honor to communicate lo you on the
17lhof October last, and whicii has been lately transmitted
to you 3} ^ our government, sufficient |>roof of the repeal of
the Bv (ill and Milan decrees, independent of the conclu-
sive evidence of liie fact, which that correspondence aiFor>
^fi\ ; it was not lo be presumed from the intimation of the
Marquis of Wellesley, that it was to be transmitted to you,
to.be taken into consideration in the de|)ending discussions,
that it was of a natui*e to have no weight in these discussions.

The demand which you now make of a view of the
order given by the French government to its cruizers, in
consequence of the repeal of the French Decrees, is a new
m'oof of its indisposition to repeal the Orders in Council.
The declaration of the French government was, as hag
l)een heretofore observed, a solemn and obligatory act, and
as such entitled to the notice and respect of other govern-
ments. It was incumbent on G. Britain, therefore, in fulfil-
ment of her engagement, to have provided that her Orders
in Council sliould not h^^ve e^ect, after the- time fixed for
the cessation of tlie French Decrees. A pretension in G.
Britain to keep her Orders in force till she received satis-
fiiction of the ]>raciical compliance of France, is utterly in-
compatible with her pledge. A doubt, founded on any
single act however unauthorised, committed by a French
privateer, might on that principle, become a motive for
delay and refusal. A suspicion that such acts would be
committed might have the same effect; and in like
manner her compliance might be withheld as long as the
war continued. But let me here remark, that if there was
room for a (Question, whather the French repeal did or did
not takectl^ect.at the date announced by France, and requir-
ed by the U. Stales, it cannot be alledged that the Decrees
have not ceased lo operate since the 2d of Febuary last, as
heretofore observed. And as the actual cessation of the
Decrees to violate our neutral rights, \vas the only essential

IMSTOKY OF THE WAR.

fack in lite oase, and has lontr been knuwn to yonr govern*
inent, the Orders in Council, t'roiii the dute ot* that know-
ledge, ought to have ceaHed, according to its own principles
and pledges.

But the question whether and when the repeal of the
Berlni and Milan Decrees took elfect in relation to the neu-
tral comnierce of the U. Slates, is superceded fiy the novel
and extraordinary claim of G. Britain to a trade in British
articles, with her enemy ; for supposing i\,e repeal ih have
taken place, in the fullest extent claimed by the U. States,
it couid, according to that claim, have no etfect in remov-
ing the Orders in Council.

On a full view of the coiuluct of the British government
in these transactions, it is impossible to see in it any thing
sitnrt of a spirit of determined hostility to the rights and
interests of the U. States. — It issued the Orders in Council,
on a principle of retaliation on France, at a time when it
admitted the French Decrees to be ineffectual ; it has sus-
tained those Orders in full force since, notwithstanding the
pretext for them has been removed, and latterly it has ad-
ded a new condition of their repeal, to be |^ >jrforrned by
France, to which the U. States in their neutral character*
have no claim, and could not demand, without departing
from their neutrality, a condition which, in respect to the
commerce of other nations with G. Britain, is r/epugnant to
her own policy, and prohibited by her own laws, and whxh
can never be enforced on any nation without a subversion of
its sovreignly and independence. ,

I have ihii honor to be, &c.

JAMES MONHOE

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CHAPTER III.

PRESIDENT S MANIFESTO.

To the Senate and House of liepresentativesof tlie U. States,
I communicate to Congress certain documents, Ijeing a
continution of those heretofore laid before them, on the sub-
ject, of our atlairs with G. Britain.

Without going back beyond the renewal in 1803, of the
war in which G. Britain is engaged, and omitting unrepaired

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niSTORV OP THE WAR.

wrongfs o^ inferior ma^i)itiulo, ihe conduct of her govern-
ment |>re^< nts a Beries of acU hostile to the U. htate.t as an
iudepcndsait and neutral nation. '"• •:

firitish cTuizers have been in the contiruied practice of
violating ihe American flajj, on the i»Teat highway of na-
tions, and of S'.izinuf and carrying oft* j»prsoris sadnig under
!t : n«)t in the exercise of a belligeivnt right. tonn'iH o . the
law of nal ons against an eneinv, h s^ of u iniinicipi;! prero-
gative ovf-r British subjects. Bnl sh jU'isdi* lion »n hus ex-
tended to central vess* Is in a siltiition ^'iits • no I « ws can
0|>erate, but ihe law of nations and Uie laws of the country
to which tht vessels b -lonaf ; and a >eif-rediess isassruiieo,
ivhich, if British subjects were uroio'ruliy detained and
alone concerned, is that sufi'^ritution ot force ftu u r -'sort to
the responsible 'overeig* t, which biiis withi.i >he detinition
of war. Could the seizure ot British stibjt 's ui such cases
be regarded, as within th ■ exercise uT a bs lliirtrent rii^hl,
the 'icknovi Hedged laws of war, winch lorbid an article of
CiijJhired property to be adjuda^td, withoui a regular itives-
tlijtdion before a competent -ribu'iai, vvonid niiperiousiy
demand ihe fairest trial wher-* tlit- sacrerl rights of persons
vere at issue. In place of snci) i trial, these rights are sub-
jected to the will of every petty commander.

The practice, hence, is so far from affecting British sub-
jects atone, that under the pretext ol searching for these,
thousands of American citizens, under the safe-guard of
public law, and of th'. ir national fl: g, have been torn from
their country, and from every thing dear to them ; have
been dragged on board ships of war of a foreign nation, and
exposed under the severities of their discipline, to be exiled
to the most (iistaut and deadly climes, to risk their lives m
the battles of their oppressors, and to be llie melancholy in-
struments of takino awa\ those of their own l)reliireii.

Against this cry nig enormity, which G. Britain would be>
so prompt to avenge if committed against herself, the U.
States have in voin exhausted remonstrances and expostu-
lations. And that no pn of might be wanti 'g of their
conciliatory dispositions, and no pretext left for the contin-
uance of the practice, the British government was formally
assured of the readiness of the United States to enter into
arrangements, such as could not be rejected, if the recovery
of British subjects were the real and the sole object.
The communication passed without effect.

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

I ' 1

British criiizers have l>ecn in the practico also of violating
the rights and the peace of our coa>>ts. They hover over
find hairass our entering^ and departiiipj commerce. To
the most insulting^ pretensions thev have added the most
lawless proceedings in our very harbors ; and have wan-
tonly spilt American hlood within the sanctuary of our terw.
ritorial jurisdiction. The principles and rules enforced by
that nation, when a neutral nation, aj^ninst armed vessels of
belligerents, hovering near her coasts, and disturbing ber
commerce, are well known. When callt^d on nevertlu'b ss,
by the U. States, to punish the greater otfenccs commttlcd
by her own vessels, her government has bestowed on their
commanders additional marks of honor and confidence.

Under pretended blockades, witliout the presence, of an
adequate force, and sometimes without the practicability of
applying one, our commerce has been plundered in every
sea : the great staples of our country have been cut off from
their legitimate markets ; and a destructive blow aimed at
our agricultural and maritime interests. In aggravation of
these predatory measures, they have been considered as in
force from the dates of their notification ; a retrospective
effect Seing thus added, as has been done in other important
ca<>'es, to the unlawfulness of tht: course pursued. And to
rjiider the outrage the more signal, these mock blockades
have been reiterated and enforced in the face of official
communications from the British government, declaring as
the true definition of a legal blockade, * that particular
ports must be actually invested, and t)revious warnuig
given to vessels bound to them, not to enter.'

Not content with these occasional expedients for laying
waste our neutrul trade, the cabinet of G. Britain resorted,
at length, to the sweeping system of blockades, under the
name of the Orders in Council, which has been moulded
and managed, as might best suit its political views, its coai*
mercial jealousies, or the avidity of British cruizers.

To our remonstrances against the complicated and Irans-
cendant injustice of tins innovation, the first reply was^ that
the Orders were reluctantly adopted by G. Britain as a ne-
cessary retaliation on Decrees of her enemy, proclaiming a
general blockade of the British isles, at a time when tire
naval force of that enemy dared not to issue from his own
l>orts. She was remmded, without effect, that her own

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HISl'OBY OV THU WAR.

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prior blockade, unKiv{)|>orlccJ by an adequate naval force
actually applied and continued, were a bar to tliiti plea :
that executed £dict«i aga'uiHt miliioni^of our property could
not be retaliation on Edicts confessedly impossible to be
executed : that retaliation, to be just,, should full on th«
party setting the guilty example^ not on an innocent party,
which was not even chargeable with an acquiescence in it.
When deprived of this flimsey veil for a prohibition of
our trade with her enemy, by the repeal of his prohibition
of our trade with G. Britain, her cabinet, instead of a cor-
r(wSponding repeal, or a practical discontinuance of its Or«
ders, formally avowed a determination to persist in them
against the U. States^ until the markets of her enemy should
be laid open to British products ; thus asserting un obliga-
tion on a neutral power to require one belligerent to en.
courage, by its internal regulations, the trade of anotlier
belligercnt ; contradicting her own practice towards hU
nations in peace, as well as in war ; and betraying the in-
sincerity of those professions which inculcated a belief that,
having resorted to her Orders with regret, she was anxions
to Hnd an occasion for putting an end to them.
. Abandoning still more, all respect for the neutral rights-
of the U. States, and for its own consistency, the British
government now demands as pre-reqni sites to a repeal of
its Orders, as they relate to the United Stales, that a for-
mality should be observed in the repeal of the French De-
crees nowise necessary to their termination, nor exemplified
by British usage ; and that the French repeal, besides in-
eluding that portion of the Decrees which operates within
a territorial jurisilietion, &s well as that which operates ou
tlie high seas against the commerce oi' the U. States,^ should
not be a single special repeal in relation to the U. States,
but should be extended to whatever neutral nations uncon-
nected with them, that may be affected by those Decrees.
And as an additional insult,, they are called on for a formal
disavowal of the condition and pretensions advanced by the
French government, for which the U. States are so far from
having made themselves responsible, that, in official ex-
planations, which have been published to the world, and in
a correspondence of the American minister at London;
with the British minister for foreign affairs, such a respom
sibility was explicitly and emphatically disclaimed.

HISTORY eF THE WAR.

Tt has become indeed unflVcienitly certain Chat tlie cooi-
inercc of the IT. Slates is to l>e sacrificed, not as intei'fering'
with the hclh^'erent rights «f<j. firilaiii, not as snpplying'
the wants of her enemies, whicli ((he4ier«e)f supplies, butus
interfering^ with the nrenoj>oly which riheC'Overts tor her own
coninierce and navigation. She carriefi on a war ap;ainst
<!:» lawful commerce of a friend, that she may the better
cniTV on a commerce with an enemy, a comnu'i'ce, polluted
jiy the forgeries and perjuries whidi are for the most part
tiie only passports by which it can micceed.

Anxious to make every experin)enl short of tbe last resoii
of injured nations, the U. Stales have withheld from G.
43ritain, under successive modifications, the benefits of a
free intercourse with their market, the loss of which could
not but outweigh the profits accruing from her restrictions
of our commerce with other nations. And to entitle these
experiments to the more favorable ^consideration, they were
so framed as to enable her to place her adversary under
the exclusive operation of them. To these appeals, her
government has been equally inflexible, as if wdling to
make sacrifices of -every Nort, rather than yield to the clamis
of justice, or renounce the errors of a false pride. Nay,
so far were the attempts carried, to over^'ome the attach-
ment of the British cabinet to its ntvjust £dicts, tliat it re-
ceived every encoumgement, within the competency of the
Executive branch of our govt;rnraent, to expect that a re-
])eal of ti>em would be followed by a war between the XT.
States and France, unless th;; French Edicts should also be
repealed. £veH -this communication, altl>ough silenciug
for ever the plea of a disposition in the U. Htates to sic-
viuiesce in those Edicts, origiuaily the sole plea for them,
received no attention. .;••■, .if^-*" ..iv

If no other proof existed of a predetermination of the
British government against a repeal of its Orders, it might
be found in the correspondence of the muiister Plenipoten-
tiary of the U. States at London, and the British Secretary
for Foreign Affairs in 1810, on 4he question whether the
blockade of May, 1-806, was considered as in force, or as
not in force. It had been ascertained that the French gov-
ernment, which urged this blockade as the ground of its
Berlin Decree, was willing, in the event of its removal, to
i:epeal that Decree : which being followed by alternate ro-

) !1y

HISTORY OF THE WAK.

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pt r.l.s of the other ofleiisive E<iiclfi, mitj^iit alioIiNli the nhulf
8v ^tcni oil liulh MiicH. Thi.s m\ iliii«r o|)|>orl unity for accoin.
plisliiiti> iiit uhject so important to the V. States, aiul |)ru-
iVKHed MO ofken to bethf tlejiire of both llie hellinrerciits, wus
iiiit<l4> known to the British government. As that govern.
ment aiiniitH that an actual application o( an aiiei|nute force
is nect'Sbary to the existence of a hgal blockade ; unil ii
'WUN notorious, lliat if such a force had ever been applied,
its lon(r discontinuance had annulled the blocki. le in (piti.
tion, there could be no sufficient objection on the part of G,
Britain to a formal revocation of it ; and no imaginable oh.
jiction to a declaration of the fact that the blockade did not
exist. The declaration would have been consistent with
her avowed principles of blockade, and would have enabled
tlieU. States to demand from France the pledi^ed repeal of
her Decrees ; either with success, in which case the way
would have been opened for a general repeal of the bel-
ligerent E<l:cts ; or without success, in which case the U.
States would have been justified in turning their measures
exclusively against France. The British government would,
however, neither rescind the blockade, nor declare its non-
existence ; nor permit its non-existence to be interred and
affirmed by the American Plenipotentiary. On the con-
trary, by representing the blockade to be comprehended in
the Orders in Council, the U. Slates were compelled so to
regard it in their subsequent proceedings.

Tht'ie was a period when a favorable change in the
policy of the British cabinet was justly considered as esla-
blished. The minister Plenipotentiary of his Britannic ma-
jesty here proposed an adjustment of the difterences more
immediately eiulangering the harmony of the two countries.
The proposition was accepted with a promptitude and cor-
diality, corre^iponding with the invariable professions of this
government. A foundation appeared to be laid for a sin-
cere and lasting reconciliation. — The prospe<-t, however,
quickly vanished. The whole proceeding was disavowed
by the British government, without any explanation which
could at that time repress the belief, that the disavowal pro-
ceeded from a spirit of hostility to the commercial rights
and prosperity of the U. States. And it has since come
into proof, that at the very moment when the public minister
was holding the language of friendship, and inspiring

HISTORY OF TIIC WAR.

.'onHilcncc in l)u> Ninrcrity of llic iiesroriation with which he
WAS churgeii. n secret <r|^t uf hi» {government wax ein-
nloyeil in intrigues hav m^ for titeir object u HubvetMion of
utir gitvcriimr \i, and a (iisineiniH.'rmenl uf our happy Union.

Ill reviewin^r the contiuct of G. Uritani towunU the U.
Stules, our altention is necfsHiirily drawn to the warfare JMSt
renewed by the Kuvai>e.>4 on one of our extensive frontiers ;
a warfare, which is known to spare neither age nor sex, and
to he distinguishi.'d by features pecuharly shocking to hu-
manity. It is (hrticuit to account for the activity and com-
binations, which liavc for some time been developing them-
selves among the tribes, inconstant intercourse with British
traders and garrisons, without connecting their hostility
with that influence ; and without recollecting the authenti-
cated examples of such interpositions, heretofore furnished
by the officers and agents uf that government.

Such is the spectacle of injuries and in<lignities wliich
have been heaped on ovir country ; and such the crisis which
its unexampled forbearance and conciliatory eft'orts have
not been able to avert. It might at least have been ex-
pected, that an enlightened nation, if less urged by moral
obligations, or invited by friendly dispositions on the part
of the U. States, would have found in its true interest
alone, a sufficient motire to respect their rights, and their
tranquility on the high seas ; that an enlarged policy would
have favored that free and general circulation of commerce,
in which the British nation is at all times interested, and
which in times of war is the best alleviation of its calamities
to herself, as well as to other belligerents : and more espe-
cially that the British cabinet would not, for the sake of a
precarious and surreptitious intercourse with hostile mar-
kets, have persevered in a course of measures which neces-
sarily put at hazard the invaluable market of a great and
growing country, disposed to cultivate the mutual advanta-
ges of an active commerce.

Other Councils have prevailed. Our moderation and
conciliation have had no other effect than to encourage per-
severance, and to enlarge pretensions. We behold our
seafaring citizens still the daily victims of lawless violence,
committed on the great common highway of nations, even
within sight of the country which owes them protection. We
behold our vessels freighted with the products of our soil

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msTOnv OP the war.

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An<l industry, or rclnrniniy willi Iho pror-ndu ofthrm, wrrsU
etltrointlicir lawful ficNtiuationf^^ConrM <»(»<< |»\ |>ri/.<!ConiiH,
no loii<^erthe ort^aiis ot'iuililic Ihw, i.!^ iiie iiiHtruiiieiit!^ of
arliitrHry KdiclN; und their iiiifnrtnnati; crews (liitperHcd
and lost, or forced or iiivcig^led in Hritish portn into British
ileels ; wliiNt ar|^ume.ntt( are employc'd, in H4ip|H}rt of
these ug^grcHsioiiswhich have no fonndntion i)ut in a priii-
ci|de equally supporting a claim to regnlale our external
conimeice in all canes wliatsoever.

We L)ehold, in fine, on the side of G. Britain, a state of
war against the U. States, and on the side of the U. Stales
a state •of peace towards G. Britain.

, Whether the U. States shall continue passive under these
progressive usurpations, and these accumulating wrongs ;
or opposing force to force, in defence of their natural rig htti,
i>hall couunit a just cause into the hands of the Altnighty
disposer of events ; avoiding all connections which might
entangle it in tlie contests av views of other powers, and
preserving a constant readiness to concur in an honorable
re-establishment of peace aad friendship, is a solemn ques-
tion, ^vhich the constitution wisely confides to the legis-
lative Department of the government. In recommending
it to their early deliberations, I am happy in the assurance
that the decision will be worthy the enlightened and patri-
otic Councils of a virtuous, a free, and a powerful nation*

Having presented this view of tlie relatione of the U.
States with O. Britain and of the solemn alternative grow-
ii»g out of them, I proceed to remark that the communica-
tions last made to Congress, on the subject of our relations
wilh France, will have shown that since the revocation of
her Decrees as they violated the neutral rights of the U.
States, her government has authorised illegal captures, by
its privateers and public ships, and that other outrages have
been practised on our vessels and citizens. It will have
been seen also, that no indemnity had l^een provided, or sat-
isfactorily pledged, for the extensive spoliations committed
nnder the violent and retrospective orders of the French
government against the property of our citizens seized with-
in the jurisdiction of France. 1 abstain at this time from
recommending to the consideration of Congress definitive
measures with respect to that nation, in the expectation, thai
the result of unclosed discussions belwocn our ]\linistei

HISTOBY Of TnC WAR. it

Plenipotentiary nt Paris aiul the French pfovrrnnient will
y|M'f(iily enable Cuii^^ri'Mi to dcciile, with greater luUantage,
till lite conmedne tu tlu*rig;ht% the interentA, and the Innior
•i our country. JAM£S MADISON.

Waxhiiiiflonr Jnm 1, 1819. .i|i

I .if T^.^.iii ! nf' — — •ii;y'i» f/J.H

The Committee om Poreif/n Helationa to whom was refitrre{l
the McMOffe of the PrtsUUcni of the ('. States oj the Ut
of'June, \HVi,, .. .......

RKPORT-^ ' . . J *

That alter the experience which the V. States have hud
of the great injustice of the British i^overiiment towards
llieni, exemplified by so many acta of violenee and oppres-
Hiom it VI ill ihs more dilficiili to justify to the impartial
ivurld their patient forbearance, thiui the meiuiiM'e ko which
it bus become necessary to resort, to avenge the |vrongs,
and vindicate the rights and honor of the nation. Your
committee are happy to observe nn a dispassionate reveiw
nf the conduct of the U. States* that they see in it no cause
for censure.

If a long forbearance under injuries otrghk ever to be
considered a virtue in any nation, it is one which peculiarly
becomes the U. States. No people ever had stonger mo-
tives to cherish peace — none have ever cherished it with
greater sincerity and zeal- -i /m

But the period bi^ now arrived, when the U. States rausS
.support their character and station among the nations oti*
the earth, or submit to the luosi sliameful degradation.
Forbearance has ceased to be a virtue. War 04v the ono
side, and peace on the other, is a situation as ruinous as it
is disgraceful. The mad ambition,^ the lost of power^ and
commercial avarice of G. Britain, arrogating to herself the
complete dominion of the ocean, and exercising over it an
unbounded and lawless tyranny,, have left to neutral nations^
an alternative only, between the base surrender of their
rights, and a manly vindication of them. Happily for the
U. States, their destiny, under the aid of heaven, is in their
own hands. The crisis is ^>rmidable only by their love. of
peace. As so«mi a» it becotues> a duty to relinquish that
situation, danger disappears. They have suffered no
wrongs, they have received no insults, however great, for
which they camiot obtain redress.

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nisniRV OP THR WAR.

iiS
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IVIorR than seven years have <'lapN€tI, since the com-
mencement of this system of hiistile a^nrreMsion )>y the Bri-
tish government, on the rigfhtiiand interests ofthe'U. Slates.
The manner of its commencement was not less hostile, thiin
the spirit with which it Una been prosecuted. The U. States
have invariably done every thing in their power to preserve
the relations of friendship with G. Britain. Of this dis-
position they gave a disting-uished proof, at the moment
when they were made the victims of an opposite poliry.
The wrongs of the last war had not been forgotten at the
commencement of the present one. They warned lis uf
dangers, against which it was sought to provide. As early
as the year 1804, the minister of the U. States at London
was instructed, to invite the British government to enter into
u negociation on all the points on which a collision might
arise between the two countries, in the course of the war,
and to propose to it un arrangement of their claims on fair
and reasonable conditions. The invitation was accepted.
A negociation had commenced and was depending, and
nothing had occurred to excite a doubt that it would not
terminate to the satisfaction of both the parties. It was at
this time, and under these circumstances, that an attack was
made, by surprise, on an important branch of the American
commerce, which affected every part of the U. States, and
involved many of their citizens in ruin.

The commerce on which this attack was so unexpectedly
made, was between the U. Stales and the colonies of France,
Spain, and other enemies of G. Britain. A commerce just
in itself — sanctioned by the example of G. Britain in regard
to the trade with her own colonies — sanctioned by a solemn
act between the two governments in the last war ; and sanc-
tioned by the practice of the British government in the
present war, more Mian two years having then elap;i>ed, w ith-
ont any interference with it.

The injustice of this attack could only be equalled by the
absurdity of the pretext alledged for it. It was pretended
by the British government, that in case of war, her eneniv
had no right to modify its colonial regulations, so as to
mitigate the calamities of war to the inhabitants of its colo-
nies. This pretension, peculiar to G. Britain, is utterly in-
compatible with the right of sovereignty, in every independ-
ent state. i( we recur to the well established and univei-

8 Colo-

?rly iii-
epend-
Linivcr- fei

HISTonV OF THE WAR.

vitty :ulmitted law oi' nations, we shall tind no sanction to
jt, 111 that venerahlf nu<le. The sovereiajnty of every stale
is co-cxtenstvc with ils tiominions, and canuut be abrogatedt
or t-urlaiU'd in IIm riglitn, an to any part, except by conquest.
^'lUtrai natioitK have a ri^ht to trade to every (W)rt of either
belligerent, ubicb is not lesfally blockaded — aad in ail ar-
ticles vthich are not contraband of war. Sucli is the ab-
surdity of this pretension, that your coinmillee are awar^
especially after the able manner in which it has been here-
tofore refuted, and exposed, that they would offer an insult
to the understandin|r of the House, if they enlarged on it,
and if an thioj^ couid add to the high sense of the injustice
of the British government in the transaction, \i w<«dd be the
contrast which her conduct exhibits in regard to thils trade,
and in reg'^^'-d to a similar trade by neutrals with her owti
colonies, i is known to the world, that G. Britain regu-
lates her - n trade, in war and in peace, at home and iu
her colonies, as she Hnds for her interest — that in war she
relaxes the restraints of her colonial system in favor of the
colonies, and that it never was suggested that siic had not
a right to do it — or that a neutral m taking advantage of
the relaxation violated a belligerent right of her enemy —
BiU with G. Britain every thmg is lawful. It is only m a
trade with her enemies that the U. States can do wrong.
With them all trade is unlawful.

In the \ear 179d, an attack was made by the British go-
vernmeut oik tiie sai^ie branch of our neutral trade, which
bad nearly involved the two countries in war. That diOer-
euce, however, was amicably accommodated. The pi«-
teiision was withdrawn, and reparation made to the U.
Slates, for the losses which they had suffered by it. It was
fair to infer from that arrangement, that the commerce was
deemed by the British government lawful, and that it would
iiot i)e again disturbed. i

Had the British government been resolved to contest this
trade with neutrals, it was due to the character of the British
nation that the decision should be made known to the go
vernment of the l'. States, The existence of a negociation
whici. had been invited by our government, for the purjjose
of preventing differences by an amicable arrangement of
their respective prelc.isions, gave a strong claim to the no-
♦ilica/ ion, while it afforded the fair«st opportunity for it.

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HISTHRY OF THE WAR.

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But n very differont . olicv uniiiiateil the then cabinet o(
bltttfiami. Tfie liljeml conHiJr-ii-e aixi IneiiiUy overtiires
of the V. Slate»# were taken advantage ol" lo ensnare llnm.
Steady to iIm pnrf)0.«e, and mtlt \ibiy lioshle to thi.s connli y,
thf British gfuveriinient rahnly looked urward to ihe nso-
mriit^ when it mi'rht g-ive ibe niont <i<atlly wound to our in*
tPiPils. A trade, jns» in itselt, whifli Wi)!» stcnred b\ so
niafiy strong and sacred pleducs, was considered safe. —
Our citizen** with, their usual iri(hi>tr\ and enterprise had
etfdmrked in it a vast proportion of their shipping, and of
their capital, which wvreatsea, under no other protection
than tiie law of nations, and Ihe confidence which thev re-
posed in t>;e justice and friendship of the British nation.
At this period the unexpected blow was given. Many of
oar vessels were s<ized,. carried into port, and oondeiii <\
hy a tribunal, which, while it professes to respect Ihe \aw of
nations, obeys the mandates of its own government. Hnn-
<lreds of other vessels- were driven from the oceaii, and traiio
itself in a great measure suppressed. Tiie eft'ect produced
by this attack on the lawful commerce of the IT. States, waS'
such, as might have been expected from a virtuous, nuie-
pendent^ and highly injured people. But one ^^elll1mel)t
pervaded the whole Aaierican nation. No local interests
were regarded — no sordid motives telt. Without lo» kmo*
to the parts which suffered most, the invasion of our right?
was considered a common cause, and from one extremity
of our Union to the other, waK heard, the voice of an united
people, calling on their government to avenge their wrongs,
and vindicate the rights and honor of the country.

From this period the British govorninent.has gone on in
a<ci)ntinued encroachment on the rightb and interest of the
(J. States, disregardii.g in its course, in many mslances,,
obligations- which have heretofore been held sacred by
civilized nations.-

In May, 1B06, ihe whole coast of the continent, from the
£lbe to Brest, inclusive, was declared to be in a stale of
blockade. By this act, the well established principles of
the law of nations,principles which have served for ages as
guides, and fixed the boundary between the rights of t el-
ligerents and neutrals, were violated ; by the law of nations,,
as recognized by G. Britain herself, no blockade is lawful,
tuiless it he suslainefl by the ap|)licati(»n of an adequate

ItlSTOHV OrTilC WAU.

force, and that an ^ul(-<)u;ite luroi- wat» Hpplied to ihisliiock-
ade, ii* itsliiil exU'til, oiii;lil nut lo in- prel. iidcil. W lielher
tj. Britain ua> able to nKiintain, leuaily, so extensive a
blockade, coiiKidenn*; llie vur in wlurji t>lie is en^raged,
r«(|iiinng' such e\tciis:>e navid uperatiooN, is a question
which IS not necossarv at thus liiue U> exunnne. Jt is suHi-
ci< lit to he known, that such turce *w:)s not applied, and
tins iS evident from the teiins of the hlookade itsell, by
which, comparatively, un inconsiderable |K>rtion oft tlie coast
only v« as dec hired to be in a slate of strict and ri^oroiui
blockajlf. The objection to the measure is not diminished
bv that circunislance. If tlie force Avas not applied, the
biockatle was unlawful, from whatever cause the failure
iniglit proceed. The belli<^erent who mslilutes the block-
ade, ca>mot absolve itself from the obligation to apply the
force under any pretext whatever. For a belligerent lo
relax a blockade, which it could not maintain, it would be
a refinement in injustice, not less insultiujj to the under-
fctauding, than.repug'iiant to the law of nations. To claim
merit for the mitigation of an evil, wiiich the party either
t>ad not the power, or found it inconvenient to inHict, would
be a new mode of encroaching on neutral rights. Your
committee think it just to remark, that i\V\s act of the Bri-
tish government does not appear to luive been adopted in
the sense in which it has lieen since construed. On con-
sideration of all the circumstances attending the measure,
and particularly the character of the .distinguished states-
man who announced it, we are pe:>n \ded that it was con-
ceived in aspirit of conciliation, an(-^ intended to lead to an
accommodation of all differences iielween the U. States
and G. Britain. His death disappoinled ihat hope, and the
act has since become subservicul. to other purposes, it has
been made by his successors, a pretext for that vast system
of usurpation, which has so long oppressud and harrassed
our commerce.

The next act of the British government which claims our
attention is the Orders in Council of Jan.7, 1807^ by which
neutral powers are prohibited trading from one port to anoth-
er of France or her allies, or any other country with which
<]. Britain might not freely trade. By this order the pre-
tension of Eiigland, heretofore claimeti by every other pow-
^v, to prohibit neutrals disposioj^ of parts ut their cargoes at

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HIStORY OP f IlK WAi:.

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different ports of the same enemy, is revivt.* and with vahl
acnimulation of injury. Every enemy, however tjrt at llii;
number or distance from each <>lh«'r, is considered one, jtud
the like trade even with powers at peace wilh England who,
from motives of pohcy had excluded or reslraioed her roin-
merce, was also prohibited. In ihis act the British u;o-
veriimenc evidently disclaimed allretrard forneutriil rights.
Aware that the measures authorised by it could find no
pretext in any belligerent right, none was nrij^ed. To pro-
hibit the sale of our produce, cunsisting o\ innocent articles
at any port of a belligerent, not blockaded, to consider
every belligerent as one, and Kubjecl neutrals to tkie san»e
restraint with all, as if there was but one, were held en-
croachments. But to restrain or in any manner interfere
■with our commerce with neutral nations with whom G. Bri-
tain was at peace, and against whom she had no justifiable
cause of war, for the sole reason, that they restrained or ex-
cluded from their ports her commerce, "was utterly incom-
patible with the pact lie relations subsisting between the two
countries.

We proceed to bring into view the British Order in
Council of November \V\ 1807, which superceded every
other order, and consumtfr%.ed that system or hostility on the
commerce of the Tj. States which has been since so steadily
pursued. By this Order, all France i»nd her allies and every
other country at war with G. Britain, or with which she was
not at war, from which the British flag was excliuled, a'/.i
all the colonies of her enemies were subjected to the same
restrictions as if they were actually blockaded in the PiOst
strict and rigorous manner ; and all trade in articles the
produce and manufacture of the said countries and colonies,
and the vessels engaged in it were subjected to capture and
condemnation as lawful prize. To this order certain ex-
ceptions were made which we forbear to notice because
they were not adopted from a regard to neutral rights, bul
were dictated by policy to promote the commerce of Eng
land, and so far as they related to neutral powers, weir-
said to emanate from the clemency of the British govern-
ment.

It would be superfluous in your committee to state, thai
by this order the British government declared direct and
positive war against the U. States. The domuiion of ll»t:

•1

ocean w
ell, and e
and eoiK
the Bntis
iiiMltr its
pciured
tions. T
•AVZ them
So tar
House th
the antho
the, L' . ^
which ha
the inipi<
iiiiceasin
she has
cannoi
they ent<
cfteding.
our felloe
iieus, and
extends, i
petted to
citizens a
families,
mitiious s
of a forei
has givei
lated, an
taken fro
while th€
States t
Every n
continual
have rep«
raiigeme
people,
irom this
lion, is a
This li
pressmei
th(^ msnll

lb <

Mil

HISTORY OP TIfIB AVAR.

orcnn was coniplotely iisurpetl by il, all commerce I'orWid-
t!i, and every Hag driven from il, or nubjerted to capture
and rondemiiatioM, which did not Hubserve the policy of
the Bnlish t;fovernnienl by paymf^ il a tribute nnd sailing
niuirr its Hanction. Kroni this f>enod the V. <^lales have
inciureil the luaviest Iossch, and most mortifyinij hiunilin*
tionx. Thev ha\e born the calamities ol v, ur without retort-
m<r them on its authors.

So far your committee has presented to the view of the
House the aa^g-ressions which have been "ommitled under
the authority of the British government on the commerce if
the U. States. We will now proceed to othtT wrong*
which have been still more severely felt. Amoni^ these, is
the impressment of our seamen, a practice which has been
unceasingly maintaiiud by G. Bniain in the wars to which
she has been a party since our revolution. Your comni'tlee
cannot ^onvt-y m adequate terms the deip sense which
they entertain of the injustice and oppression of tins pro-
cfteding. Under the pretext of impressing Brit'sh seamen,
our fellow citizens are seized in British ports, on the high
seas, and in every other quarter to \vhich the British power
extends, are taken on board British men of war, and com-
pelled to serve there as British subjects. In this mode our
cilizeusare wantonly snatched from their country and thett'
families, deprived of their liberty, and doomed to an igno-
minious and slavish bondage, compelled to fight the battles
of a foreign country, and otten to perish in them. Our flag
hiis given them no protection ; it has been unceasingly vio-
lated, and our vessels exposed to danger by the loss of men
taken from them. Your committee need not remark that
while the practice is continued, it is impossible for the U.
States to consider themselves an independent nation.
Every new case is a new proof of their degradation. Its
continuance is the more unjustitiabte, because the U. States
have repeatedly proposed to the British government an ar-
rangement which would secure to it the control of its own
people. An exemption of the citizens of the U. States
ironi this degrading oppression, and their flag from viola>
iion, is all that tliey have sought.

This lawless waste of our trade, and equally unlawful im-
pressment of our seamen, have been much aggravated bv
the in^inlts and ijidiguities attending them. Under the pre-

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HISTORY OP THE WAR.

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text of blockadiiirr the harbont of France and her allies,
Uritioli NquadrunM have been stationed on our own coadl, tu
ivatch and annoy our own trade. To give eA'ect to tiie
blockade of European {lorts, the ports and harbors of tiie
TT. Stales have been blockaded. In executing' tliese orders
of the British guvernment, or in obeying the spirit wincli
was known io animate it, the commaiuiera of these squ;td-
roiis have encroached on our jurisdiction* seized our %es-
sels, and carried into effect impressments within our iimiis,
and done other acts of great iiyustice, violence, and oppres-
sion. The U. States have seen, with mingled indignation,
and surprise, that these acts, instead of procuring to the
perpetrators the punishment due to unauthorised crimes,
iiave not failed to recommend them , to the favor of thtir
government.

Whether the 'British government has contributed by ac-
tive measures to excite against us the hostility of the savage
tribes on our frontiers, your committee are not disposed to
occupy much time in investigating. Certain indications
of general notoriety may supply the place of authentic du-
cuineiits ; though these have not been wanting to establish
the fact in some instances. It is known that symptoms of
British hostility towards the U. States, have never failed to
produce corresponding symptoms among those tribes. It is
also well known, that on all such occasions, abundant sup-
plies of the ordinary munitions of war have been afforded
Ly the agents of British commercial companies, and even
from British garrisons, wherewith they were enabled to
commence that system of savage warfare on our frontiers,
which has been at all times indiscriminate in its effect on all
ages, sexes, and conditions, and so revolting to humanity.

Your committee would be much gratified if they could
close here the detail of British wrongs — but it is their duly
to recite r.:aother act of still greater malignity, than any of
those which have b^.n already brqught to your view. The
attenipt to dismember our Union, and overthrow our excel-
lent Constitution, by a secret mission, the object of which
was to foment discontent and excite initurrection against the
constituted authorities and laws of the nation, as lately dis-
closed by the ageiti employed in it, affords full proof that
there is no bound to the hostility of the British governmei^

.' 1

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HISTORY OF THE WAR.

toward.H the Uniteil States — no act, however unjiislifiablr,
^hwh it would not commit, to accompliiili their ruin. Thiif
attempt excites the greuler horror from the couKiderutioii
that it wus oiade while the U. States and G. Britain were al
ueace, and an amicable negociation wasdc'peiidii>ji>;betwe«Mi
liiem for the accommodation of tlieir diflereiices, through
public minister^}, regularly authorised lor the purpose.

The U. States have beheld, with unexampled forbear^
ance, this continued series of hostile encroachments on their
right!! and interests, iii the hope, that, ^ieldin^ to the force
ot friendly remonstrances, often repeated, the British go-
vernment might ado^U a more just policy towards thrm y
but that hope no longer exists. They have also weighed
in) artially the reasons which have been urged by the Bri-
tish government in vindication of these encroachments, and
found in them neither justification or apology.

The British gover.»ment has alledged in vindication of
the Orders in Council, that they were resorted to as i. reta-
liation on France, for similar ag;irres»ions committed by
her on our neutral trade with the British dominions. But
how has this plea been supported 1' The dates of British
and French aggressions are well known to the world.
Tlieir origin and progress have been marked with too wide
and destructive a waste of the properly of our felbw citi-
zens to have been forgotten. Tiic Berlin Decree, of Nov..
21, 1806, was the first aggression of France, in the present
war. Eighteen months had then elapsed,, after tlie attack,
made by G. Britain on our neutral trade with the colonies
of France and her allies,, and six months from th« date of
the proclamation of iVfay, 1806. Even on Jan. 7, 1807, the
dale of the first British Order in Council, sm short a term
had elapsed, after the Berlin Decree, that it was hardly pos«
sil)ie that the intelligence of it should have cached the U.
Stales. A retaliation, which is to produce its effect, by
operating on a neutral power, ought not to be resorted to,.
till tlie neutral had justified it by u culpable acquiescence in
tite unlawful act of the otlier belligerent. It ought to be
(lel.iyed until after Mifhcient time ha^i been allowed lo th^.
neutral lo remon^iiuite against tlie measure coiuplained of,
to receive an answer, and act on it, which had not been
(lone in the present instance ; and when the Order of Nf2v.
1 1, was issueil, it is w«li luiown iital a minister of Franci:: bad

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HISTORY OF 1 HE WAR.

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fleclared lollic iiiinister plenipotenliary of the V. Stales nt
Paris, thuk it was not intended thai the Decree of Berhn
should apply to the U. States. It is equally wpW kiiowii th.it
no American vessel had then been condemned under it, op
seizure been nifide, with which the British {government wns
acquainted. The facts prove incontestibly, thai the tneas.
ures of France, however unjustifiable in thentselves, were
nothing more than a pretext for those of Eii<^land. And
of the insufficiency of that pretext, ample proof has already
been afforded by the British government itself, and in the
most impressive form. Although it was declared that the
Orders in Council were retaliatory on France for her De-
crees, it was also declared, audio the OrdCk's themselves,
that owing to the superiority of the British navy, by which
the fleets of France and her allies were coiiHned witnin their
own ports, the French Decrees were considered only as
empty threats.

It is no jusli6cation of the wrongs of one power, that tli*
like were committed by another ; nor ought the fact, if true,
to have been urged by either, as it could afford no proof of
its love of justice, of its mcg'nanimity, or even of its courage.
It is more worthy the government of a great nation, to re-
lieve than to assail the injured. Nor can a repetition of the
wrongs by another power, repair the violated rights, or
wounded honor, of the injured party. An utter inability
alone to resist, would justify a quit I surre'.ider of our rights,
and degrading submission to the will of olliers.

To that condition the United Slates are not reduced;
nor do they fear it. Thiit they ever consented to dis-
cuss with either, the misconduct of the other, is a proof
of their love of peace, of their moderation, and of the
hope which they still indulged, th;il friendly appeals tc
just and generous sentiments, would not be made to llieni
in vain. But the motive was mistaken, if their forbearance
was imputed, either to the wvuit of a just sensibility to their
wrongs, or of a determination, if suitable redress was inA
obtained, to resent them. The time has now arrived when
this system Of reasoning must cease. It would be insulliiij^ ^ J
to rej")eat it. It would be degrading to hear it. The U.
States mu.st act as an independent nation, and assert their
rights, and avenge their wrongs, according to their own
estimate of them, with the party vi'ho commits them, hold-

in jy it resp'
ut aiiolhei

For the
hy the api
land only,
and is too
conimercii
uii evidciM
their wior
tianie footi
acconmiot
niid in res
Had the
which was
and Franc
the U. Sti
iiig to thei
Tlie comn
i::reiitly inj
tion lias n
that is a C(
lie for the
jieople, is
not tail to
r.luim.

More r(
lowards tl
has been |
ders in Co
Sioverninei
Uritish cot:
Prance an
was also a
It appears,
vornment,
with Frai
i)e subdue(
M'esume o
Jish y;oven
been made
ns the com
penly aiul

IIISTOHY OF TUE WAR.

itis: il r<\spoii8i))le for lU own iiiistict>d>, unmitigated by those
ut aiiuthcr. ),

For the difference made between G. Britain and France,
by the apitlication of the no.i-iniporlation act a^ainMt Eng-
land only, the motive Itas been already too often explained,
and is too well kuown to require further illustration. I., the
cunimercial restriclions to which the IT. States resorted hh
ail evidence of their Nen.sibility, and a nuld retaliation of
their wi-oni>'.s, they invanabU placed both powers on the
Kiune footing, lioldni;^ to each in re!4|>ect to itself, the same
ancunmiodation, in case it accepted the condition ottered ;
and in respect to the other, the same restraint, if it retused.
Had the British government confirmed the arrangement
which was entered into with the British minister in - lh09,
niid France maiidained her Decrees, with France would
llie v. States have had to resist, with the iirmness belong-
inqfto their character, the continued violation of their rights.
The committee do not hesitate to declare, that France has
iXrciitly injured the U. States, and that satisfactory repara-
tion lias not been made for many of those injuries. But,
that is a concern which the U. Slates will look to and set-
tie for themselves. The high character of the American
people, is a sufficient pledge to the wor!;!, that ihey will
not fail to settle it, on conditions which they have a right to
.'.'luim.

More recently, the true policy of the British government
iowards the C States has been completely uitfolded. It
has been publicly declared by those in power, that the Or-
ders in Council should not be repealed, until the French
•loveniinent had revoked uli its internal restraints on the
• Hritisli commerce, and that the trade of the U. States, with
France and her allies, should be prohibited until G. Britain
was also allowed to trade with them. By this declaration,
if aj)peurs, that to satisfy the pretensions of the British go-
veinnietit, the V. States must join G. Britain in the war
with France, and prosecute the War, until France should
he subdued, for without her subjugation, it were in vain to
presume on such a concession. The hostility of the Bri-
tish ;»;oveinment has been still further disclosed. It has
been made manifest that the IT. Slates are considered by it
:is the commercial rival of G. Britain, and that their pros-
jjcrity and growth are incompatible with their welfare.

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HISTORY Of an: war.

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When all ihcf** circnuistancf!* aro lakcri into ronsuleratior),
it is impossible tor your (oniniilUi: to <ioiiU the mulUM
u jit'h have lii;- venieit the lirilish iniiuMlry in »l| its meas-
ures towaidM the U. StattH Hiiice thf" )e;ii XHiU'i. Equally
is it im|iUsMihle to doultt, longer, the course which the L.
Slates oug'ht to pursue tuwnrds Ci. Uritain.

From this view of" the multi|il: -J wrongs of the British
government since llie coniniencement of the present war,
it must i>e evident to the impartial world, that the contest
which is now forced on llie U. States, is radically a con-
test lor their sovereignly and independence. Your coni-
juillee will not enlarge on any of the injuries, however great,
which have had a tr.msitory etfect. They wish to call the
attention of the House to those of a permanent nature only,
which intrench so deeply on our most important rights, and
wound so extensively and vitally our best interests, as conid
not fail to deprive the II. States of the principal advantages
of their revolution, if submitted to. The control of our
commerce bv G. Britain, in regulating it at pleasure, and
almost expelling it from the cean ; the oppressive man-
ner in which these regulations have ijeen carried into eflect,
by seizing and contiscating such of our vessels with their
cargoes, as were said to have violated her edicts, often with-
out previous warning of their danger ; the impressment of
our citizens from on board our own vessels, on the high
Sti'ASf and elsewere, and holding them in bondage until it
suited the convenience of their oppressors to deliver them
up, are encroachments of thai high and dangerous tenden-
cy which could not fail to produce that pernicious effect,
nor would those be the only consequences that would
result from it. The British government might for a while,
be satisfied with the ascendency thus gained over us, but
\\s pretensions would soon increase. The proof which so
complete and disgraceful a submission to its authority,
would aflbrd of our degeneracy, could iK>t fail to inspire
confidence, that there was no limit to which its usurpations,
and our degradations might not be carried.

Your committee, believing that the freeborn sons of
America are worthy to enjoy the lil>erly which their fa-
thers purchased at the price of so much blood and treasure,
and seeing, in the measures adopted by G. Britain, a course
commenced and persisted in, which might lead to a loss of
national character and independence, feel no hesitation in

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

idvisiii'^ rrsi^ilance by force, in wlmli the Aiiieric ann of ihc
priM'iil liiiy will |»r<i\c to Ihc i-ru'iiiy uiul Ua- tvoridlliiil %vn
h:;v( iiol only iiitierited that lilierty vvliicli on. furtlieni t^nvo
(IS l>i>t also ihc will and powtT to iiiaiiilaiii it. Kelytiif^uu
tlie patriotism of the nation, and cuiitideiilly tniHting;
tlial the Lord of Hosts will go with iin to battle in n n^lil-
eoiis cause, and crown our elKirts willi success — yourconi-
mitlee recuninieiKl an^appeal to AUxMS.

^.)on after the above Report was read, Mr Calhoun,
one of the Committee of Forei«jfn Kehitions, on leave beinij
jriven, presenlt d the followm:'^ '^ H, declariiij( war between

■rs.

and the Uniled. Slates
end day's debate, pas-
«Mitatives, and was ap«
iHlh day of June. *

Great-Britain and her depei
and their territories ; which,
scd the Senate and House o
proved by the President, on itn

AN ACT,
Vedariny War between the fjnited Kiiujdum nf Gnat-Bri'

tain and Ireland^ and the dependencies thereofy and the

United States of America ^ and their Territories.

BE IT ENACTED by the Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives of the United Stales of America, in Congress
assembled, That WAR be, and the same is hereby declar-
ed to exist, between the United Km|rdom of Great-Britain
and Ireland and the dependencies thereof, and the United
States of America and their Territories : and that the Pre-
sident of the United States be, and he is hereby authorised
to use the whole land and naval force of the United States,
to carry the same into effect, and to issue to private armed
vessels of the United States, commissions, or tetters of
marque and general reprisal, in such form as he shall think
proper, and under the Seal of the United States, against the
vessels, gfoods, and effects of the government of the same.
United Kingdom of Great-Britain and Ireland, and the sub'
jects thereof. ♦

Approved. JAMES MADISON.

June 18, 1812.

Yeas and Nays on the above Bill.

IN THE SENATE. "'

Yeas 19.— Nays 13.

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.

NeW' Hampshire — Yeas, Dinsmore, Hall, and Harper, 3
—Nays, Bartleit and Sullivan, 2,

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'IP Hli'TORY OF THE WAR.

Massachusetts— Ye9iH, Seaver, Csirr, Green, Richardson,
Turner, and Widg^ery,*}— Nays, Quiiicy, Keed, Tajjgarl,
Eiy, Bngliaiii. White, Talhna.i, and Whealon, 8.

Jifuxte-Jsiand — None — Nays, PoUer and Jackson, 2.

\emumt — Yeas, Fisk, Shaw, and Strong, 3 Nays,

Chittenden, 1.

Cvnneclicut — None — Nays, Stiirges, Davenport, Mose.
Icy, Cham|»ion, Tallniadgej Pilkin, and Law, 7.

Atir- KorA — Yeas, Pond, Avery, and Sage, 3 — Nays,
Bieecker,£inott, Cooke, Filch, Gold, Sammons, Slow, Tra-
cy, Van Gortlandt, Miichiil, and Metcalf, 1 1.

i\tfV'.hrseif — Yeas, Gondii, and Morgan, 2 — Nays,
Boyd, Hufly, Maxwell, andNewbold, 4.

Fennsylvama — Yeas, Seyberl, Anderson, Brown, Ro-
berts, Fuidley, Smilie, Lyle, Whitehdl, Bard, Davis, Le-
fevre, Hyneman, Piper, Lacock, Crawford, and Smith, 16
— Niys, Milnor, and Rodman, 2.

Delaware — None — Nays, Kidgely, 1.
' Maryland — Yeas, Kent, Little, M'Kim, Ringgold,
Brown, and Archer, 6 — Nays, Key, Goldsborough, and
Stuart, 3.

Virginm — Yeas, Nelson, Gholson, Goodwyn, Newton,
Taliaferro, Dawson, Bassett, Smith, Hawes, Roane,
31'Koy, Pleasants, Clopton, and Bur well, 14 — Nays, Ran-
dolph, Lewis, Baker, Hreckenridge, and Wilson, 5.
' JSorih- Carolina — Yeas, Alston, Black ledge, Macon,
King, Cochran,and Pickens, G—Nay^8, Pearson, M Bryde,
and Stanford, 3.^^^ - - * ^ • - . .>y',.^i%.

South-Carolina — Yeas, Williams, Cheves, Lowndes,
Butler, Calhoun, £arle,Wmn, and Moore, 8 — Nays, None.

Georgia — Yeas, Troup, Bibb, and Hall, 3 — Nays, None.

Kentucky — Yeas, Joanson, Desha, New, M'Kee, and
Ormsby, 6 — Navs< None.

'/enne.ssee — Yeas, Rhea, Grundy, and Sevier, 3— Nays,
None. _ ' -';:''

Ohio, Yeas, Morrow,! — Nays, None. ! '

Yeas, 98— Nays 62— Majority 36. '"ft

The Declaration of War, was announced the day after
its passage, by the President's Proclamation, of which the
following is a copy >- * * " ; u u ; m . i /, »

'■v'.i

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

BY Tiir. rurRinr.jCT or thb

; UNITED STATES OP AMERICA.
A PKOCLAMATION.
WHEREAS Uie Congress of the U. States, by virtue
of the constituted authority vested in them, have declared
bv tiieir act, (>€arin<^ date the ei<^hteenth day of the present
month, that WAR exists htlwecn the ITniled Kingdom of
0. Britain and Ireland, and the dependencies thereof, and
the U. States of America, and their Territories : Now,
therefore, I, JAMES MADISON, President of the U.
States of Americe, do hereby proclaim the same to all
whom it may concern ; and I do specially enjoin on all |)er-
sons holdings offices, civil or military, under the authority
of the United States, that they be vigdant and zealous in
discharging the duties respectively incident thereto : and I
do moreover exhort all the good people of the United
States, as they love their country ; as they value the pre-
cious heritage deriveiL,from the virtue and valor of tneir
fathers ; as they feel the wrongs which have forced on them
the last resort of injured nations ; and as they consult the
best means, under the blessing of Divine Providence, of
abridging its calamities ; that they exert themselves in
preserving order, in promoting concord, in maintaining-
the authority and efficacy of the laws, and in supporting
and invigorating all the measures which may be adopted
by the constituted authorities, for obtaining a speedy, a
just, and an honorable peace.

In testimony wiiekeof I have hereunto set my hand,
and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed to
these presents. ' * « - u *• >

(SEAL)

DONE at the City of Washington, the nineteenth day of
June, one thousand eight bundi'cd and twelve, and of
the Independence of the United States the thirty sixth.
(Signed)

' JAMES MADISON.

By the President ,

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(Signed)

JAIMES MONROE, '

ti * , Secretary of Stale »

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HISTORY OF THE WAR.

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CHAPTER IV.

THE FIRST PRISONER.

Was taken in Norfok, Virijmia — A g'entleman, by
llie name uf Wiikinsofif arrived in that place about I he
lir.stot' June, and put up at the BhtiHh Consul's. The
citizens suspected him to be a British uihcer, and arcord.
inj^ly kept an eye upon him. On the receipt of the De-
claration uf War, VVilkinson, as the mail boat was about
to depart, was seen to make a precipitate retreat throuirh
the back street^ which led from the Consul's to the wharf,
wher« the boat lay, when he sprang on board, darted into
the cabin, and in a few seconds was under way. It was
known that a man of war was hovering on the coast, and
bi»intention was to communicate the declaration of war to
her. fioats, from the navy yard and fort N*'Ison, were
immediately dispatched, which succeeded in taking W^iU
kmson. lie proved to be a captain in the Royal Marmes.
THE FIRST PRIZE.

Was the schooner Patriot, .1. A. Brown, Master, from
Guadaloupe, bound to Ualifiix, with a valuable cargo of
sugar, taken by the revenue cutter Jefferson, Wm. Ham,
Master, and arrived at Norfolk, June 26.

MESSAGE,
To tite Senate and Hmise ef Hepresenlatives af the United

States,
I transmit, for the information of Congress, copies of
letters which have pa?*^ "d between the Secretary of State,
and the Envoy Extr^. 'nary and minister Plenipotentiary
of Great-Britain.

JAMES MADISON.
June 15, 181l».
... Mr. Foster to Mr. Monroe,

Washington, June 10, 1812.
SIR — It has been extremely satisfactory to me, to find
by your letter dated June 6th, which I had the honor to re-
ccive yesterday morning, that it was not the wish of the
American government to close all further discussion rela-
tive to the important questions at issue, between the tvo

HISTORY OP TrieWAfU

countries. I be^ you to lie a.ssure({, sir, that it nerer was
iiiv iiileiition, in alluding to my leiters which had remain*
ill withuut answer at )uur oflice, to u»e any exprefisiimt
wjiicli could, in the most remote manner* contain any tiling
nersonal. I Nhall ever be ready with pleasure to liear les-
timoi>y to thai frankness, candor, and ^ood tem|>er, which
so einnient^y distinguish yon, and have been acknowledged
to belong to you, by all who have ever had the honor to
discuss with you any question of' public interest.

But, sir. although you were not backward in entering in-
to lull explanations with me verl>ally, I could moI but feel,
particularly as 1 had just had cumniunications to make to
you of the greatest importance, that 1 had a right to expect
tVoni you a written reply to them ; and while I remember*
ed that two of my former notes were still unanswered, the
one written three months ago, containing amung other im«
])ortant topics, a particular question which I was expressly
instructed to put to you, as to whether you could point to
any public act, on the part af the French government, by
winch they had really revoked their Decrees, and the otiier
furni!>hing- strong evidence of the continued existence of
those very Decrees ; alsu, when I perceived that my note,
coiumunicating the duke of Bassano's report, which you
kiiew was to (je sent to you on the 1st inst. was not waited
for, but that a message was transmitted by the Executive to
Congress, which it seems contained a reference to an insu-
lated passage m the despatch on winch my note was found-
ed, that if taken unconnected with what preceded or fitl-
lowed, it might be liable to misconstruction, I could not
avoid apprehending that no means of further explanation
niigiit be left open to me.

J beg you to be assured sir, that if I was embarrassed by
your demands of an explanation as to what appeared to yon
to be a difference between lord Castlereugh^s despatch, com-
municated to you, and my note, it arose from the novelty
ot the demand, that seemed to involve an informality of
jmiceeding, in which I could not feel myself juslitied in
acquiescing. Had you, in making a reply to my cominu-
nicution, asked me how fur a repeal of the French Decrees
was demanded by my government, and as to whether a sjje-
cial repeal, as far as respected America, would be sufticient,
I sliuuld have had no hesitation in giving you every satm-
faction.

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UltiTOhY UF TU£ \V^R

' YoQ note of the 6th instant has, by shewing that the ilour
was not absohitely shut to a coiitniuance of our <hst'UHsioii.
reheved rae from further ditiiculty on this pouit.

I have no hesitation, sir, in siiyinsf that Great- Britain, a:^
the case has hitherto stood, never did, nor never could eiw
gage, without the grossest injustice to lierself and her
allies, as well as to other neutral natons, to re|)eal her Or-
ders as affecting America alone, lea\ ing them in force
against otiicr states, upon condition that France wguld ex-
cept, singly and specially. America, from the operation of
her Decrees. You will recollect, sir, that the Orders in
Council are measures of defence, directed aganist the sys.
tern contained in those Decrees ; that it is a war of trade
which is carried on by France ; that what you cail tlie
municipal regulations of France, have never been called
municipal by France herself, but are her main engines in
that novel and monstrous system. It cannut, then, be ex-
pected that Great-Britain should renounce her efforts to
throw back upon France the evils with which she menaces
Great-Britain, merely hecnuse France ni.ght seek to alle-
viate her own situation by waving the exercise of that part
of her system which she cannot enforce.

But, sir, to what purpose argue upon a supposed^case ;
upon a state of things not likely to occur, since the lute re-
port and senatus consul tuni which have been published to
the world, as it were, insultingly in the face of those m ho
would contend that any repeal whatever had taken place,
of the Decrees in question.

You draw a comparison between the mode in which tills
instrument has appeared, and that which you call the higii
evidence of the re|)eal as stated in Mr. Champagny's note :
and it would almost seem as if you considered the latter as
the most authentic of the two ; but, sir, you cannot seriously
contend that the duke of Bassano's report, with the seimiu>
consultum accompanying it, published in the oflicial pajx r
at Paris, is not a very different instrument from the abuvi
letter, offering a mere provisional lepeal ot the Decrees,
upon conditions utterly inadmissible : conditions too, which
really formed of themselves a question of paramount im-
portance.

The condition then demanded, and which was brought
forward so unexpectedly, was a repeal of the blockade of

HlJlTORT or THE 'WAS.

Mu), lt^>t>, whicli Mr. Piiikiiey, in ike lelleryou hatere>
tcrtul lui' to, (ic'ctiircil to have l>eeti ruauired by Aineric;i as
iiHiispeiiMaUieiii Uih vi«w of hrracbol inlercouriie aiid inm*
iiilercoiirse, as well as a re|ical ut olh«!r blockades of a tinw
liar characUfi', which were maintained by G. Britain, to be
i'uiiiiiled ui) strict niaritiuie rig^hti*.

The coiiditiunK now annexed to>the French demand are
tnui'h more extcnstive, and uit I have tihewn, includeM a sur-
render of many other of the most evlablishcd principles of
the public law of nations.

i cannot, I confenit, wee upon what ground you contend
that the report of the duke of BatMtiiio, afi^irilM no proof
against any partial re|)eal of the Fueiidi ])eoree8. The
principles advanced in that report are ge>^eral ; there is
110 exception made in favor of America, and in tlie correa*
pondence of Mr. Barlow, as officially published, he seems
to allow that he had no explanation respecting it. JPlow
can it, therefore, be considered in any other light than as ft
republication of the Decrees themselves ? which, as it were
to take away all ground for any doubt, expressly advances
;i doctrine tliat can only be put in practice on the high seas,
tiurnely, * that free ships shall make free goods,* since the
applifiation of such a principle to vessels in port is absolute-
[v rejected under his continental system.

It is, indeed, impossible to see how, under such circum*
>innces, America can call u\yon G. Britain to revoke her
Orders in Council. It is impossible that she can revoke
them at this moment, in common justice to herself and to
her allies ; bat, sir, while under tlie necessity of contiiiu-
mg; them, she will be ready to manage their exercise, so as
\o alleviate as much as possible, the pressure upon America ;
.tiid it would give me great pleasure to confer with you, at
tay time, upon the most advisable manner of producing
Hi;»! etfpct. I have the honor to bt», &c.

^^ AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER.

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AL: Monroe to Mr. Faster,

Dj!:i»AiiT.MENT or Static, Jone 13,1812.

»IR — 1 am not aware that any letter of yours, on any

&ubjert, on which the linal decision of this government had

act been communicated to you, has been sufiered to remain

wirhoiit a I'rgmpt atul written answer : and even in the

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vwe% ihiiN suppcM^l to hsive l>een Kellled, which you thought
|«roper to revive, ahhoiigh no fiivonible change had taken
place in tlie policy or meuHureii of your {rovertiineut, I li:i\t>
n«ver failed to explain tn you iiifornially, in early inter-
views, the reasons which made it ini|)eriou8ly the duty of
the U. States tu continue to afford, to their rights and inter-
ests, all the protection in their power. The acknowledg-
ment of this on your part, was due to the frankness uf tlie
communications which have passed between us on the high-
ly important subjects on which we have treated, and 1 aio
happy to find by your letter of the 10th inst. that in relyio|f
on it, 1 have not been disappointed.

The impropriety of the demand made by your govern-
ment of a copy of the instrument of nistructions given by
the French government to its crui/ers, after the repeal of
the Berlin and Milan Decrees, was suHSciently shown in
M r. Pinkncy^s letter to the Marquis i)f Wellesley of the
10th of December, 1810, and in my letters to you of the
2dd July 1811, and 14th January last. It was for this rea-
son that I thought it more suitable to refer you to those letters,
for the answer to that demand, than to repeat it in a formal
communication.

It excites, however no small surprise, that you s||ouUl
continue to demand a copy of that instrument, or any new
proof of the repeal of the French Decrees, at the very time
that you declare that the proof which you demand, in the
extent to which we have a right to claim tlie repeal, would
not, if afforded, obtain a corresponding repeal of the Orders
in Council. This demand is the more extraordinary, when
it is considered, that since the repeal of the Decrees, as it
res))ect8 the U. States, was announced, your government
has enlarged its pretensions, as to the conditions on which
the Orders in Council should be repealed, and even invigor-
ated its practice under them.

' It is satisfactory to find that there has been no misapprehen-
sion of the condition, without which your government reiu-
ses to repeal the Orders in Council. You admit that to
obtain their repeal, in respect to the IT. I^tates, the repeal of
the French Decrees must be absolute and iniconditional,
not as to the U. States only, but to all other neutral nations;
nor as far as they affect neutral conmierce only, but as they
operate internally and affect the trade in British manufac-

HISTORY OF T1IC WAR.

turfjv with the eneini<^(k of 0. Britain. \n the Ordeni in
Council have fonned n principsil caune of tb« difK.*renccfi
which unhnppily exist between our couiithe)*, a condition
of their repeal, communicnted in any authentic document or
niaiiiier, was entitled to partirulnr attentiou ; and aurely
iiono could have so hi^h a claim to it, a^i the letter from
Lord Castierenn^h to you, submitted by hi«i nothority to my
view, for tlie exprcMS purpose of making that ctmditioo,
with itH other contents, known to tliis government.

With this knowled<^e of the determination of your gfov*
«rnment, to say nothing of the otiier conditions annexed to
the re|)eal of the OrderH in Council, it is impossible for me
to devise or conceive any arrangement consistent with the
honor, the rights and interests of the U. States, that coidd
be made the basis or become the result of a conference on
the subject. As the President neverlheless retains his soli-
citude to see a happy termination of any differences l>e-
tween the two countries, and wishes that every opportunity*
however unpromising, which may possibly lead to it, should
be taken advantage of, I have the honor to inform you that
I am ready to receive and pay due attention to any com-
munication or propositions, having the object in view, which
you may be authorised to make. ■*■'■- ' 'I i

Under existing circumstances, it is deemed most advisa-
ble, in every respect, that this should be done in writing,
asmosl susceptible of the requisite precision, and least liable
to niisaprehension. Allow me to add, that it is equally
desirable that it should be done without delay. By this it is
not meant to preclude any additional opportunity which
may beaftbrded by a personal interview. 1 have the honor
to be, &c. • JAM£;^ MONRCMS, •/

' JMr, Foster to Mr. Monroe. ' '^i

Washington, June 14, 1812.

SIR — I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of
your letter of the 13th. instant. '' ' • 'J J . r »

It is really quite painful to me to perceive, that notwith-
standing the length of the discussions which have taken
place between us, misapprehensions have again arisen res-
pecting some of the most important features in the questions
at issue l>etween our two countries ; which misapprehen-
flions, perhaps, proceeding from my not expressing myself

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ItfSTOHY OF 'I Iff. \> Ali.

lUfSci^ntly cltenr in my note of (lie lOtli iitsi. ui icUtiuit u
one ol'tboKe qaektionis it is nlMoluUly lurt.ssirj ^ilOlll(i Ih
done ownV'

I lieflT leave tm^'m to Male 103011, ftir, (lint it 'm not Ike
operation of (lie French Ducretn ii|kmi liie British trade Mjiii
ill)' enemies of G. Britain, (li»( liaNcver formed n Kulijcctot
dincutftion between iiM, and (hill it in the oiicrnlion of tliusc
Decreett opon G. Britain, tiii'uuu[h iinitrai comiilcrci! only,
vhicb has really itcen the point nt iwiiie. Had Amcnrs
reaiNtetl the effect of those Dv.cropH in (heir full cxtnit iipun
her neutral rtfchtn, we alionld never have had a difference
upon the subject ; but ivhile French cruizers continue to
captore her ships under their operation, she seems to have
been satisfied if Ihose ships were released by special iiu^Ki-
irial mandates, issued as the occasion arose ; and she hai^
chosen to call municipal nn une\aniple<l assnntption of au>
thority by France, in countries not under French jurisdir-
lion, and expressly invaded for the purpose of prevenliiiv
their trade with England, on principles directly applicable
to, if they could be enforced a{^nin!4t America. <

.f: I beg you to recollect, sir, (hut if no revocation had been
made of the Orders in Council, upon any repeal of the
French Decrees, ns hitherto shown by America to have
taken place, it has not l)een the fault oi his majesty V gov.
ernment. It was France, and afierwards America, tiint
connected the question relative to the right of blockade wilh
that arising out of the Orders in Council. You well know
that if these two questions had not been united togetlier, the
Orders in Council would have been, in 1810, revoked.
How could it be expected (hat G. Britain, in common jus-
tice to other neutral nations, to her allies, and to herNelf,
should not contend for a full and absolute repeal of tlie
French Decrees* or should engage to make any particular
concession in favor of America, when she saw that Ame-
rica would not renoqnce her demand for a surrender with
the Orders in Council of some of our most important mari-
time rights.

£vcn to this day, sir, you have not explicitly stated in
any of the letters to which you refer me that the American
government would expressly renounce asking for a revocti-
tionofthe blockadeof May, 1806, and the other blockiide
alluded to iu Mr. Piiiknev's leU*?r ; much lef?shavel bnii

HIXT.tRY or Till WAR.

liflo io oUttiiii from you any di«rUimer of llic rigliU awiertud
f)v Kratu't* to impof)«; iifuiii llie worltl ihe new nianlinMf coJo
proiiuilg'iUcd liy Friiiicc in IIh^ tatr re|mblicalKNi cf licr
D.rivL'H, nllliotijjfh 1 ltav«>, Ity onler of my goverttmeiit, ex-
)r(>ssiy slat<'<l IIm ir ox|K'c;liilion of wiicli cliNcltiiiner, and rc-
ixMU'dly ciiltffl fuiaii explanaitoii oiilhi« point.

1 will now say lliat 1 feel ciilircly aiilliorised to aasur«:
\ oil thai if you run, nt any tinir, |N-u<lun(! a full and uncon-
ditional repeal of tlie Frencb Decrecti, as you have a rifflil
1(1 (It'niand it in your rliaracti'i* of a neutral nation, and that
)t Ih: (lisenga;<od Iron) any connection wilh the queslion
concerning our maritime rights, we shall be ready to meet
YOU with a revocation of the Orders in Council. Previous
to your producing Hucli an instrument, which I am sorry to
4t(> you regard um unneressary, you c&nnoi expect of us lo
o-ive up our Orders in Council. : '.'uii n-., <rAu\

In reference to the concluding paragraph of your letter
in answer to that in mine of the lOlh iiist. f will only say,
tlitit I am extremely sorry to fmd you think it iinpo.ssible to
(It'vise or conceive any arrangement consistent with the
liunor, rights, and interests, of the U. States, which might
tend to alleviate the pressure of the Orders in Council on
the commerce of America. It woald have given me great
satisfaction if we could have fallen iipon some agreement
that might have had sudli effect. My govcrnnieiU, while
under the imperious necessity of resisting France with her
own Weapons, most earnestly desires that the interest of
America may suffer as little as possible from the inciden-
tal effect of the conflict. They ara aware that their retuU
ialory measures have forced the ruler of France lo yield in
•>ome degree from his hostile Decrees, and whether it were
more advisable to push those measures rigorously on Hnctil
they oomplete the breaking of it up altogether, (the main
object of our retaliatory system) orio take advantage of the
partial and progressive retraotioiis of it, produced by ihe ne.
oessities of the enemy, has been a question with his maje^y's
^orernment. It is one on which they would have lieen
most desirous to consult the interest of America. Under
oxisting circumstances, however, and from our late com-
munications, 1 have not felt encouras

iged

you any

wnlten proposal arising out of this state of things ; I shall

Ihcrof

p. merely again express to you, that as the object of

lot

UISTOHr OrTHK WAM.

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G. Hi'ittin ha* been ihroiiipliout to endeavor, wliilo forced,
iu behalf of her moMt important rights and intermt to retn.
liate upon t^ French Hccreeti, to c<vinbinc that retaliation
with the (Treatcflt pomible <h'8:r(!e of attention to the intrreNt
of America* it would ofive hi» niajeMly'N fi^overnroent tli«
moNt Hincerc satiHfiiction if Home nrrancfenient could l>e found
which would have ao deitirable an etiV^ci.
' ' » I have the honor to be, &c.

AUGUSTUS J. FOSTER.

.Ml-

MESSAGE.
To the Senale and House of liepreaeniatives o/t/u: U. Staks.

I communicate to (Jong^ress copies of a letter to the Se-
cretary of State, from the charge*; d'affairs of the U. States at
London, and of a note to him from the British Secretary
for foreign aifuirs.

' I JAMES MADISON.

June 22, 1812. r.

''AU 7. 'I. '»

<*l

' $ Mr, Russell to the Secretary of Slate,

London, May 2, 1812.

SIR — After closing^ the duplicate of my letter to you of
tlie 2(Hh ult. I discovered the copy of the note of lord Cas-
tlereagh to me of the 21st ult. had be£n left out by mistake.
I take the liberty of now handing it to you.
».. .. JONATHAN RUSSELL.

[Enclosed in the above.]

The undersigned, his majesty's principal Secretarv of
State for foreign affairs, is commanoed by his royal high-
ness, the prince regent, to transmit to Mr. Russell, charge
d'afi'airs of the government of the U. States of America,
the enclosed copy of a Declaration accompanying an Order
in Council which has been this day passed by his royal
highness, the prince regent in Council.

The undersigned is commanded by the prince regent to
request that Mr. Russell, in making this communication to
his government, will represent this measure as conceived
in the true spirit of conciliation, and with a due regard, on
the part of his royal highness, to the honor and interest of
the U. States ; and the undersigned ventures to expresi
bis confident hope, that this decisive proof of the amicable

niSTORT OF TRB WAB.

foa

^entimentf which animiile the couiicili of bit royal bi^-
neM lowardM America, aiay acceleraUi ihe reiura of amity
nnti mutual confidence between Greai-BriU^ and thiu
United State*.

The undeniig;ned avails himself of this opportunity to re-
peHllo Mr. Uukiell the assumnctfR uf hit hi|rn roimiderHtion.

CASTLLa£A(iH.

Foreign Office, April 2\, 1812.
i ORDKK IN CUCNCIL.

At the Court at Carltun-Housc, the 'ilst day of April,
IHl'i, present his royal highness the princo regent in
Cuuiicil.

Whereas the government of France has, by an official
report, communicated by its minister of foreign affairs to
the conservative Senate, on the 10th of March last, reniov-
c(l all doubts as to the perseverence of that government in
the assertion of principles, and in the muintainnnce of a
system, not more hostile to the maritime rights and com-
niercial interest of the British empire, than inconsistent with
the rights and independence ot neutral nations, and has
thereby plainly develope<l the inordinate pietenvions which
that system, us promulgated in the Decrees of Berlin and
Milan, was from the first designed to enforce.

And whereas his mujesty has invariably professed his
readiness to revoke the Orders in Council adopted tliere-
tijiun, as soon as the said Decrees of the enemy should bo
formally and unconditionally repealed, and the commei* ce
uf neutral nations restored to its accustomed course :

His royal highness the prince regent (anxious to give the
most decisive proof of his royal highness' disposition to
perform the engagements of his majesty's government) is
pleased, in the name and on the behalf of his majesty, and
hy and with the advice of his majesty's privy Council, to
order and declare, and it is hereby ordered and declared,
tlialif, at any time hereafter, the Berlin and Milan Decrees
shall by some authentic act of the French government, pub-
licly promulgated, be absolutely and unconditionally re-
ea!Kd,then, and from thenceforth, the Order in Council of
lie 7th day of January, 1807, and the Order in Council of
Iie2(ithday of April, 1809, shall, without any further or«
'er,be, and the same are hereby declared from thenceforth
>l»ewhoIlvan<l ahsolntelv rovokod ; »nfMnHher, that tht

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104

KlISl'OUY OV TUK WAK.

lull benefit of this order Nhall be exlenclcd to any flhip or
carf^o captured subKcquent to Huchaulhentic act of reiieai
of the French Decref-s, uithou|>^h antecedeiil to Mich repeal
such ship or vemiel vhaii have cummeiiced and Hhall have
been in the prosecution of a voyvi\^tt which, under the ^aid
Orders in Council, or one of them, wouhl have subjected
her to capture and condemnation ; and the claimant of nn\
^>hip oi' car^o which hhuU be captured or broug^ht to adjudi-
cation, on acconitt of any alleyfed breach of either of thr
said Orders in Council, alany ttmesubitequent to such ati-
ihentic act of repeal by the French government, shall with-
out any further Order or Declaration on the part of lii»
majesty's government on this subject, be at liberty to give
in evidence iu the high Courts of Admiralty, or any Cunrt
of Vice-Admiralty, before xvhich such ship or cargo shall
be brought for adjudication, that such repeal by the French
governmenl had been, by such authentic act, promulgated
prior to such capture ; and upon proof thereof, the voyage
shall be deemed and taken to have been as lawful as if tbe
said Orders in Councd had never been made : saving, nev-
ertheless, to the captors, such protection and indemnity as
they may be equitably entitled to in the judgment of thi
said Court, by reason of theii ignorance, of uncertainty as to
the repeal of the French Decrees, or of the recognition ot
such repeal by his majesty's government at the time of ^ucti
capture.

His royal highness, however deems it proper to declare,
that should the repeal of the French Decrees, thus'auticiput-
cd and provided for, prove afterwards to have been illuson
on the part ofthc Ciieiny ; and should the restrictions there-
of be still practically enforced, or revived by the enemy
G. Britain will be compelled, however reluctantly, attei
reasonable notice, to have recourse to such measures of le
taliation as may then appear to be just and necessary.

And the Right Honorable the lords conmiissioners oil
his Majesty's treasury, his Majesty's |)rincipal Secretaiii*
of state, the lords Commissioners of the Admiralt}', uiiti
the Judges of the high Court of Admiralty, and th€!*Jud<;f>
of the Courts of Vice- Admiralty, are to take the necessan
measures therein as to thorn shall rosnectivelv appertain.

CHtTWYND.

nrsTonv op thr vtx'k.

100

Mr. Rnssell to ijotd CastlerMgh.

Mv ^^ — ' *"*^*' ^^*^ honor to acknowh dtre the receipt
t>«" the note which your lortlMliip uddrejiHe*! to in« on th** tjlst
of this month, enclosinff, hy commaiHl of hi« royal highn#^»,
the prince wgent, a co|»y of a declaration accompanying^ at
Order in Council which had this day lK?en pawed.

It wo<dd utl'oril me the hii^sl satinfaction, in communi-
•aling that declaration and order to my {ifovemnii?fit, to
have repreaeiiled ihem, as conceived in the true spirit ol
conciliation and with a dne regard to the honor and inter-
ests of the U. Stales. I regret, however, that so far Iron
perceiving in iheni any evidence of the amicabl*? sentiment
which are professed to animate the councils of his roya
highness, I am compelled to consider them as an Uiidq<ii-
vocal proof of the determination of his B i annic majesty *b
government to adhere to a system, which, both as to prin-
ciple and fact) originated, and has been continued in error ;
and against which, the government of the U. States, so
long as it respects itself and the essential righti of the na-
tion over which it is placed, cannot cease to contend.

The U. States have never considered it their duty to en-
quire» nor do they pretend to decide, whether England or
France was guilty, in relation to the other, of the first viola-
tion of the public law of nations; but they do consi«ier it
iheir most imperious duty to protect themselves from thfc
unjust opemtion of the unprecedented measure of retalia-
tion professed by both powers to be founded on such viola-
tion. In this 0|)eration, by whichever party directed, the
U. Stales have never, for a moment, acquiesced, nor by thfe
slightest indication of such acquiescence, afforded a pretext,
for extending to them the evils, by which Etigland and
France atfect to retaliate t>n each other. They have m no in-
stance departed from theubservance of that strict impnrlialty
which their peaceful position required, and which ought
to have secured to them the unmolested enjoyment of tlieir
neutrality. To tljeir astonishment, however, they perceiv-
ed that both these belligerent powers, under tlie pretence
of annoying each other, adopted and put in practice new
principles of retaliation, involving the destruction of tlio^e
commercial and maritime rights which the U. States i*e-
'^vA as essential and iiiscperable attributes of their inde-
perMlencp Althonfj:li alive to ail the injnrv and ininstice of

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106

III.STORY OF THE WAR.

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this sysU'm, Ihe Amt^riraii (ruvrniiiuMit resorted to no men.
ur<'s to oppose it,\%hirli were not of the nio»t pacitic ai.r itQ.
parlial character in rel>ilion to both the a^;gre§sorM. hs re.
inonsl ranees, it» fcKtriclioii» o( coniiMercial intercourse, and
its overtures lor acroninioilation, were equally adtlressed to
£n<rtand and Fruice : and if there is now an ine(|uaiity iu
the relations of the U. States with these counlnes, it ran
only be aseribed to Ent^land herself, who rejected lh»i terini
proiiered to both, wlii^e FVance nt'ce ted them, and who
continues to execute her retaliatory Edicts on th< high seas,
"while those of France have here ceased to operate.

If G. Britain could not be persuaded by cotisiderations
of universal equality, to refrain from udooting- any line of
conduct, however unjust, for which she niis;ht discover a
precedent in the conduct of her enemy, or to abandon an
attempt of remotely and uneerta'inl) annoying that enemy
through the iiuinediate and sme destruction of the vital in.
terest of a neutral and unolfeMding state, yet it was coiifi.
denlly expected ih-.tt she would be willing to follow that
enemy al.^o in his return low ards justice, and, from a res-
pect to her own decUtrations to proceed pari passu with hitn
in the revocation of the oilending Edicts. This just ex^ec.
tatiun has, however, been disappointeil, and an exemption
of the flag of the U. States from the operation of the Berlin
and Milan Decrees, has produced no correspoitding modi-
fication of the British Orders in Council. On the contrary,
he fact of such exemption on the part of Fr nee, a|)pears,
by the declaration and Order in Council of the British go-
vernment on the 21st of this month, to be denied, and thet:'n-
gagements of the latter, to proceed, step by step, witii its
enemy, in the work ot repeal and relaxation, to be disown-
ed or disregarded.

That France has repealed her Decrees so far as they re-
spected the U. States, has been established by declaratiuns
and facts, satisfactory to them, and which it was presumed
should have been equally satisfactory to the British g<»vern-
ment. A formal and authentic declaration of the French
government communicated to the minister plenipotentiary
of the U. States at Paris, on the 5th of August, 1810, an-
nounced that the Decrees of Berlin and Mdin were revoked,
andshouhl cease to operate on the 1st of the succeeding
iNlovember, provided that a condition presented to Eng:-

HISTOUY OF THE WAR.

107

land, or another onndition preseiiUcI to lh«» l^. Stal*»s should
bt^ l>ert"otiiied. Tlie coiidilioii pri'NeiitfMt to the I', i^loles
^jiH i oriiifti, -.iiid iheir pertormai»re reuttered »hM«lute
tlif ri - ii "♦ the Decrees. So tar therefore, from Ih.s re-
peiil dei lending u|Nin a condition in which G. Bniain could
nol acquiesce, it became absolute, inde|>e«i(teiit of any act
01 G. Bnlaiu, the moment the act proposed for the perform-
ance oi the U. States was accompliKiieii. Such was the
coiiHtructiou i^iveii to this measure by the V. States from
iht tirst ; and that it was a correct one has been sutficiently
evinced by the subsequent practice.

Several instances of the acquittal of American vessels and
cargoes, to which the Decrees would have attached, if still
in force agaiust the U. States, have from time to limf, l»een
presented to his Britannic majesty's troveriiment. That
tiu'se cases have been few, is to lie ascnl>ed to the few ca|>>
tures, in consequence of this repeai, made by French cruiz-
ers ; and should no other such case occur, it would be ow-
ing to the efficacy of this repeal, and to the exact observ-
ance of it, even by the most wanton and irregular of those
cruizers.

From the 1st of November, 1810, to the 20th of January
of the present year, as appears by a note whM'h I had the
honor to address to the predecessor of your lordship, on tiie
8th of February last, the Berlin and Milan Decrees had not
been applied to American property, nor have 1 heard that
such application has since been made.

But against the authentic act of the French government
of the 5th August, 1810, and the subsequent conduct of the
government, mutually explaining each other, and conform>-
ing the construction adopted by the V. States, a re port said
to be communicated by tfto French minister of Foreign af-
fairs to the eoiiserviUe senate, is op|)Osed. Without preten-
ding to doubt the gemiineness of that report, although it
has reached tlus country only in a newspaper, yet it i« to be
lamented that as much form and evidence of authenticity
have not been required, iu an act considered as furnishing
cause for the contimiaiice of the Orders in Council, as an
act »hicli by the very terms of these Orders challenged
their revocation. — The act of the t>th of August, J 8 10,
eiuaiiating froai the sovereign of FVancc, oilicially commu
Bleated to the British government, and satisfactorily exi>ouiit:

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ed nnd explained by the prftcticnl commenlft of more tlniij
e(i;litecii nii>iitb.s, Im d«'iiied lo afl'ord coiivinciiii^ evidence
ol die repeal of the French Dicree?*, while full |>rouf ot
ilieir continuance \s interred (nun a report, w'mcIi, from its
very nature, muNt contam the mere opinions and .specula*
tiuiiH of a Miihject uhich im destitute of all authority until act-
ed upon 1>\ the Ijudy to which it was presented, which has
found its way hilht-r in no more aulheiitit sha(>e tliaii the
columns of the rjonilcur, and f(»r the proper understuitd-
ing of which not a moment has been allowed. — BiU evea
vere the cau.^e thus assigited to the report just, it is Hlilldif«
ficult to discover what initt^rence can l)e fairly deduced from
it iiicompalibie with the previous declarations and cuodoct
of the French governaient exemptuif the Uaited States
from the operation ot its Decrees. The very exception in
that report with regard to nations who do not sutler tbeir
flag to i>e (ienationaiized, was undoubtedly made with re-
tiertnce to ilie U. States, and with a view to reconcile tlie
general tenor of thtt report with tlie good forth wilb which
it became France to observe the conventional repeal of those
DtM'rees in their favor. However novel may be the terms
em;<loyc'd, or whatever may be their precise meaning, they
ought to be interpreted to accord with the engagements of
the French government, and with justice and good faitb.

Your lordship will, I doubt aoU iUe more readily ac^
knowledge the propriety of considering the report in this
light, by a reference to similar reports made to the same
conservative senate, on the Idth of Ilec. 1810, by the duke
■ot Cadore (the predecessor of the present French minister
of exterior relations) and by the count de Simonville. In
tbese reports they say to the emperor, (which* proves that
sucii reports are not to be considered as dictated by bini)
* Sire, as long as £ngland shall persist in her Orders in
Council, so long your majesty will persist in your Decrees,'
and * the Decrees of Berlin atid Milan are an answer to
the Orders tn Cuuncil. The British Cabinet, hits, thus to
speak, dictated them to France. £urope receives them
for her code, nnd this code shall become tlie palladium of
the liberty ot the seas." Surely, this 1 mguage is as strong
as that of the report of the 10th of March, and still more
absolute ; lor there is no quaitication in it in favor of any
■atiou^ thislanguageiias bothy by aa explanation of the

HISTORY or THK WAS.

109

^ke of Cndore to me ni the tninc lime, and by the nniform
n>ii(Uu-t ut the Freiifh ^veritmetit niitce, been reroiiciled
xv»th iiie repeal of llieM Dtxreei, sotar m tbuy concenied
l\\e V' StsiteJk

Had the Freni'Ii Decrecu ori^inall? afforded on adequate
foiiiubtioii tor tbe Bi'iiiMh Urtler* iii Council, and been con*
tiiiut'd after these reports, in full force, and extent, irarely,
dnnng: a period in winch above a hundred Amtncan wes-
seU and their carg-or» have Mien a prey to thene Orden,
mmw one solitary instaKce of capture and confiNi'alion oMMt
hii>e liap|>encd under those Decrees. That do sucb in-
stance has hapYiened mcontrovertibly proven, either that
(lio.se Decrees are of themselves liaruileHS, or that they hnvo
been repealed ; and in either cme Ihey can afford noright-
fiil plea or pretext for G. Britam,for thcNe measure* ot pre-
tended retaliation, whose sole efteel is to lay waste the neiK
tral commerce of America.

Witli the remnant of those Decrees, which is still in
force, and which comisIs of municipal regulations, contined
in their operation within ttic proper ana undeniable jurist
diction of the States where they are executed^ tlie V. States
have no concern ; nor do they acknowledge th..m8elves to
be under any political obligation^ either to exanomie into the
«nds (proposed to be attained by this surviving portion of
tbe continental system, or to oppose their accompUshuienl.
Whatever may be intended to be done in regard to olbec
naiioiisby thi&system, cannot be imputed to the U. State%
nor aretlicy to be made responsible, while they religiou»l|r
observe the obligations of their neutrality for the mode in
which beUigerent nations may choose toexerci.se their pow-
er, for the injury of each other. When, however, these n**
tions exceed the just limits of tlieir power by the invasioH
of the rights if peaceful states on the ocean which is sub-
ject to the coimuon and equal jnrisdidfkNk of alt nations,
tlie IT. States cannot remain indi^rent, and by quietly con-
senting to yiekt up their share of thi» jurisdiction, abandon
t^eir maritnne rights. — France has respected thexe hghtft
by the discontimiance of her Edicts on the high seas^
leaving no part of these Edicts in o|>eration to tbe nijury of
the U, States; and of course, no part in which they can be
suj^posed to atcquiesce, or against which they can he re-
«|uired to contend. They ask G. Britain, by a like respect

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110

HISTORY OF THE WAS.

fur their righUi, to exempt them from the operation of her
Orders in Council. Should such exemption involve (lie
total practical extinction of these Orders, it will only prove
that they were e;Lclusively applied to the commerce uf the
U. Stales, and that they had not a single feature of rescm-
bianre to the Decrees, against waich they are professed to
retaliate.

It is with patience and confidence that the Ignited States
have expected (his exemption, and to which they belie\ed
themselves entitled, by all those considerations of right and
promise, which I have freely stated to your lordship. With
whtit disappointment, therefore, mtist they learn that G.
Britain, in professing to do away their disaffection, explicit-
ly avows her intention to persevere in lier Ordei-s in Coun-
cil, until some authentic act hereafter to be promulgated by
the French government, shall 4eclarethe Berlin and Milan
Decrees are expressly and unconditionally repealed. To
obtain such aa act, can the United States interfere ? Would
such an interference be compatible either with a sense of
justice, or with what is due to their own dignity ? Can they
be expected to falsify their repeated declarations of their
satisfaction with the act of the 5th of August, 1810, con-
Armed by abundant evidence of its subsequent observance,
and by now affecting to doubt of the sufficiency of that act,
to demand another, which in its form, its mode of publica-
laon, and its import, shall accord with the requisitions of G.
Britain ? And can it be supposed that the French govern-
ment would listen to such a proposal made under such cir-
cumstances, and with such a view ?
- While, therefore, I can perceive no reason, in the report
of the French minister, of the lOlh of March, to believe that
the U. States erroneously assumed the repeal of the French
Decrees, to be complete in relation to them ; while aware
that the condition of which the Orders in Council is now
distinctly made to depend, is the total repeal of both (lie
Berlin and Milan Decrees, instead as formerly of the Berlin
Decree only ; and while I feel that to ask the performance
iof this condition from others, inconsistent with the honor of
the U. Slates, and to perform it themselves beyond their
power ; your lordship will permit me frankly to avow that
I cannot accompany the communication to my government,
<»f the declaration and Order in Council of the 21st of this

oisTomr or thc war.

Ill

inoiitht with any felicilation on the prodpeci which this mea-
sure pref«entH of an accelerated return of amity and muludl
confidence between the two states. ^^

It IS with reul pain that 1 make to yonr lordship this a-
vowal, and I will seek still to confide in thf spirit which
yuur lordship in your note, and in the conversation of this
morning, has been pleased to say actuates the councils of
hiH royal highness in relation to America, and still to cher-
ish a hope that the spirit will lead, upon a review of the
whole ground, to measures of a nature lietter calculated to
attain this object, and that this object will no longer be made
to depend on the conduct of a third power, or contiiigenoies
over which the U. States have no controul, but alone u^^on
the rights of the U. States, the justice ofG. Britain, aiid
the common interests of both.

I have the honor to be, &c.

JONATHAN RUSSELL, i

Previous to the Declaration of War, Gen. Hull, with
about two thousatid men, was ordered to proceed to De-
troit. — The army arrived at the head of Lake Erie, about
tile time war was declared ; and several officers, and la-
dies, with the baggage of the General Officers, proceeded
down the Lake for Detroit, in a gun vessel. The British
received the news of the war before Gen. Hull, and sent a
brig in pursuit of his baggage, which succeeded in caj/tur-
iiig the vessel, and earned her into Maiden. — ^The British
commander sent the jadies over to Detroit, in a flag of truce,
which was the first intelligence they had received of the
war. ,

Gen. Hull, afler concentrating his forces, at Detroit,
crossed over the river to Sandwich, and issued the follow-
ing ainifular and extraordinary Proclamation. . ^

BY WILLIAM HULL,

Brigadier General and Commander of the North Western
Army of the United iStates :
A PROCLAMATION.
Inhabitants of Canada !

Atter thirty years of peace and prosperity, the U. States
have been driven to arms. The injuries and aggres^jr us,
tke msulLs and indignities of G. Britain have once more left

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lUflTOBY OF THC WAI?..

4bem no altemiitive liut roanly re^isUnce, or uacoudilionM
•dbmMstion. TKe army under my cocnaiand has invaded
your country ; the standard of the Union now waven o\er
the Itrrttory of Can da. To the fieaceable unoffietidingr in.
habitant, it brin|;» neither danger nor diAicuity. I conie to
find enemie*, not to make them. 1 come to protect, not to
injure you.

Separated by an immense ocean and an extensive wi).
derness I'rom G. Britain, jon liave no partici|»Htion in her
«ooiiciit ; no interest in her conduct. Vuu have felt berty.
ranny ; }ou have seen her injuNtice. But 1 do not a«k yuu
lo avenge the one, or to redress the other. The U. Stutei
are sufficiently powerful lo aft' ird every security, consistent
R'lth their rights and your expectations. 1 tender yon tlit
invaluable blessing of civil, political, and religious liberiy,
and their necessary result, individual and general prosper!.
ty ; that liberty which gave decision tu our councils, and
energy to our conduct in a struggle for mdependence,
which conducted us safely and trtuniphantly thrrvuuh the
stormy period of the revolution — that liberty which has nii<)>
ed us to an elevKited rank among the nations of the world ;
and which aiforded ns a greater measure of peace arwl .se-
curity, of weftHh and improvement, than ever fell to tlie lot
of any people. In the name of my country, and the riu>
thonty of government, I promise you protection to your
persons, property, and rights ; remain atyonr homes ; pursue
your peaceful and customary avocations; raise not \uiir
hands against your brethren. Many of your fathers fought
for the freedom and independence we now enjoy. Beinjj
childi'i?n therefore of the same family with us, and heirs to
the same heritage, the arrival of an army of friends nnisl
be haikd by you with a cordial welcome. —You will be
emancipated from tyranny and oppre»»sion, and restored to
the digntfied station of freedom. Had 1 any doubt oi
eventual success, I might ask yonr assistance, but 1 do not.
I come prepared for every contingency — I have a force
which will break down all opposition, and that force is ui
the van-guard of a much greater. — If, contrary to your own
interest and the just expectations of my country, you should
take part in the approaching contest, you will be coiisi<lor-
ed and treated as enemies, and the hoiTors an<l caiaini^et^
M' war will stalk before vou. If tlie barbarous and savus^e

.Mmit:-

■iSTOftY OP TRK WAJL

poliC) of G. Britain be pursued, and the Mvaget are Ul
loo e to murder our citizens aiul butcher our woneo and
clniUreiif Mtf wmr tvUi be a war uj' exUnrwunaiUm, Tbi
tiret stroke of the tomahawk^— the first attempt with the
scalping knife, will be thfl signal of one inJiscriuaiinale
scene of desolation. No white mnn found fighting b> the
tide of an ludiaii wi.l lie taken prisoner— instant death wtll
be his lot. If the dictates of reason* duty, iustice, and hu-
manity, cannot prevent the employ meut, of a force which
respects no rights, and knows no wrong, it will be prevents
ed ')y a severe and relentless system of retaliation. I doubt
not your courage and firmness— I wU not doubt your at-
tachment to liberty. If you tender your services volunta-
rily, they will be accepted readily. Tlie U. States otter
you peace, liberty, aud security, i our choice lies between
these and war, slavery aud destruction. — Chouse then ; but
choose wisely ; and may He who knows the justice of uur
cause,. and who holds in his hand the fate of nations, guide
you to a result the most compatible with your rights aud
iQl«rcsts,^ov»V peace and happiness.
', ; <..,,M , .., By the General,.;,,.^., ,/.,^,.;i .. .,,... 4

'*ii.- 'mI; "•;' v'iHi; , '.i { f. >/ "•• *• "^'^t t

Captain ofUui V3ih UnUed States* regiment vj infantry, .,

and Aid^-camp^ ^
Head-quarterst Sandwich, Jnly 12, 1812. ,

On the 10th of Jujy, Colonels Gass and Miller, aUempt*
ed to surprise a British post, 300 strong, at a bridge about
five miles from Maiden. — ^They were discovered by the
British, and after a slight skirmish, the enemy retreated*
leaving eleven men killed and wounded, on the field ; our
troops returned to head-quarters, at Sandwich, and the
British re-pasted themselves again, at the bridge. On the
19th and 24th there was considerable skirmishiDg, witk
tr itl ill g success, on either side — our loss was six men killed
and wounded — the British and Indians, lost sixteen killed^
and several wounded.

Soon after General f lull had crossed from Detroit, into
Canada, and had issued his Proclamation, the greater part
of Ike militia of the neighboring country gave theiBselvte

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b/» to hi« ptr^t^mrr, <»f reltmwsV hi.m« f»«iic«il»ly, reMolvin^
te^ fttMhftncMifnil, Hi tll«<cmi^Ht. — L^irji^e IhmIkk uI lh« wv-
ttf^ IriUi** HVh^l thtfir* *M*vir^ h>G«ii. Hull, previoiH to
liH le^viiii^ Detroit, hit he in^hn«d them ilifit ne wua i.ot
IMtfhorif^^ft to acei*))!' theril, tvftd wished them to rHiiinin wj.
lent il|>^t)itijfM, milt 'iio> ' ^ii|||*A^e «ii etiher Hide; but tlim
Wsi"* not rtieif choice— thev immedml*'»y cn»h*'d over to
MnWeh, wh^i^ lh#V ^Vrfe jifMM?|>l»'d, mid prtt mto nervier by
llie Britivft: whWn nrcnimhiiK'e oonlribwted Inr^ely in
f}yfr'ht*<>W Q^ii. Ilidl, m Wilt i>e Hten by ihe oAoiai aeeouiii

<6t his tu^lltktiiiUl^l. ' **' '«•''''';« f.^Jilirid; hns: -nj vi^i ii ^<t l»a

•'' SfR— IhaVe ti'.thoiior Uiiidorrn vmi, thMton Ihe KHh
ihs1<ull,at 2 P: Al. bfeiiicr itt laiitiiOeVl. 422^ hm|rrhide 64,
41'4, viith the €i)MNMiition, tiitder tin conitiiMid, a!<Hil w>m
tliMtovered from the n^asttiend beaim^ E. hs &. or Ei S E.
biit ut such a distiince we cmi^d in>t I**!! ; \fhHt xlie uas.
Ail sail was instantly nimie- ill rhaHe, nini^Huoii found sie
csm^ u|> iv ith her. At 5 Pi M. could pluiiily see that she
\vaM a shi^ Oil tliie slurhinir^t tiirk^imder v.t»^ Nail^ elfMM\ un
a t^Vhd ; at half pant 3 P. M. uinde her uut to he a* fi'igaie ;
Goiitiiiueii the iAfiSft until Ate \%ere within al>Out three iniles,
uh^nr I* ordered the ti&fht sails taken in, the courses haiiUd
up, and the ship cleared i'ur action. At this time th cliiise
liiidf bad>^d hi!t tTV]riVi-'«d})Aai!,>Vti(iti^i^bor ns to cume down.
^Ai«^on lis thr €otMtitnti<>n was r^ady fop aotioi^ i bore
^dwri Wi'th an iiitentyor. obrin^hiiti to elose action iinme*
tKMcIv; but on oiireoinbrg witlitn giSii-sh<il! i«he g>i\e um a
'bfiSiijds^de-r. and filed away^ and wore, ^^in^ us a broud-
'iWle ori' the lifliertacW, bat without eflR*cl ; her shot tailing
^ort. She cahtiriltfetl wearing and inaiio>vreing for abtait
^htt'e fjtihnersf of sin hoiiri to ^*^i a rakingf position, but
%itdrttg^ ifhte'cottid' iitrt, she bore up, and run under ht^r tof)-
«ail» and gib, with the wind on the quarter. Inmiediately
made sail to bnns^ the ship up with her, and d minutes be>
fore six, P. M. bein^ alon^rde within halt' pistol shot, we
commenced a heavy fire from all our <jur»s, double slioHed
*wiUi round and gi*«t)ei and so well drtecled wtreihev, ai «l
'9b %'^annly kept up, that iii 15 minutes his mizen-mast went

H|9T0aY 9F SUM W4|l«

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bv the honnl, aiiU Iiih maui v«rU mi lUe ulinipl* aiMl4l^) hull,

n^K"'l?* ^"^' ^*''^ ^"^y ii>i*<*^* *^''" ^ |*MM «»• TUr tint «r:ii
k.,)« ufi wtlb -titiiiiil wartnll^ iur lii i|iiumU:« l<M%rr, HJivf^
hiN iuaiOitt«i»i itiiU tort*- ui4Nl wimU, Ului*|{ w|Ui Ummu vvecy

liriiitf* NoUittl 111 dU luiiiutfii <»|lar we.g;(»t 4^ri> «U>uf«iUo

Uie eiieiii>,«b(; kuri'cDiltsrviif aiiU hiiU iiul ««|MM' fiUfiiliM){r

aiulhc-r liiitl, beluw ami alKive WHifir, ^ankMloreil, ihui f^:

f( w «iiure bruii(lMi(k;.H niusl Iihvc cMTi«Mi jMirdow^.

Ai-^i iut'QriiunK ^ouM)'<iiL«o Hi»e uy|i^4^Hi|r>Ou«;irnfr^,C9fn-

niamiedby tti) able mtd cK|>ei'iciivcii ««lii«i'r« ^kMM:#) MhUJ'

UiHinaMied, and uUiMnf'ive rui (A>^H*c«)K»'4iaiiAo lMllU^l<tir iiojt

worlh iowiu^ Mitu |>oiii, iiUhe HburVHpii<'<t; 0jl lU) iuiu^Qe»,}MU

caiibuve no d(*MU ot ihe |(albuiiry imid (f^(>^ qpiMliiiU «>!' Ijb(^

omct TK and «Uip\ con^mii v ti Imuur iu coimM'MMli

it u 4^ r«;iuaiu», ihcrefoii«9, t'ur iii« U> aKKUff >^4im, tb)4 ^> f^^l'

t'u tgiit with gf^aX biuver^ ; and A gfv^wAut: g»€t$t |4i9ftMur)U.

b) sa^, tliat truiii ibe ^Mw^UeHt Ji>oy iin l4>^ ^i^i >li>llHi lUtiM

seauMiii, uol a iook vf ^Viw ww* ttfonu Ttitiy #U <N^<44^ tlll^

action, i^viuy^ <Uir^ clieerit di^d i<'fique!«tie4 io?b« Ui4 fUoog

4td«)4iie enemv. ■■ • , •• - •* "s • .n -Ii

;i[Jm>W tl)«;)|0iWH-4(»Ai|e,:^,.,.-) ..I i.MU ...if i^ir

U'. •n-jii •/,}'•;'.;• >'i /'••■•: -'■* v^ ,t.-t;.J3AAC:W^l^l<«-A

f'oii ,.'h "(.)•» iw: 1 AW^'*''*^4JJI J*Qh8if;;) -finlJ htm .•Io-'R'jt

Killed 7 — woHMUttdTv !'/.»• • /mj> l,-| ',i!|

iiLt the <l!ourl a|)CimUon Uo^iifQ* ,lh^ ^d diiv ^f .Aim?»
pEeHeiil, jIm royaiJ^^unibofKgyilbe vrii'>G<e i.'«ig^Mt iiMHHr^'il* r;f>

ed to dacivu'Qf i"tt|M2 ,iAmi(i«,AOfi <H^jb.(i4MU^,oti^«:fiiiu^^y« ^
the 21M f)t' 4pril. 4aiii« * T^i^ if ttilmiy^iRM) iUer^iMN-* Mtf^
Berhn aiidJIijanJjiiecrv^li i^U ,i)y ^pm« )iMlhRi]^4iC^oMf
theJTreucii gr.0V:^niweut„pu^(ic(); ipi;qniulgate4tibti'»Mi|t»r
ly %ud |[|acoi<4ttioii»Jly rfifiieMNk tb^M* fiod trom Mi^iM}«»iU)e
Ord^rin Cpmicil 4>t'/lbe 7tb f)f Jfanuasy:* /|^7, iwifl M»^ Or<-
dei- in .C9«UM}il pt tb«>^ath of April, Itmil^. f)i»U WA^b^^l
any fqrtber !Oi'd«r, btf, and 4lie ^ame af e < b«««rby i^«;(;|£w;qA
from thencefortfi,^^ bie »«Ml;y^nd JiM«^§iy>mvj«k,§flf* .-n i .

* Supposed to have gone overboard nilh the inaUi,

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116

UlSTOmY OF THV WAB.

CI I >

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And w hc r t M the ch%t^ d'nfffiin of the (T. State* 6f
Americn, reHiilent fitthiN Court, Hul, on the 21 hi dav ot May
laiit, tranamit to lord vinroiint Cantlereagh, one of hn ma-
jea(y*i« principal lecretanet, a copy of n certain instrument,
then fdr the ftmt time commontcaled to thiw Court, miqv
tinip to lie a Decree |>awicd by the gpovcrnment otrraitce,
on the 3Nth of April, I VII, by which the Dtrrem ot Berlin
and Milan are declared to he detiiiitely iio longer in forc«
ill re(^ard to American vea«ielN :

And whereas his royal highness, the prince regfent, a|.
though he cannot cunstder the tenor of said instrument as
satisfyinfl; the conditions set forth in the said Order of the
21 St of April last, upon which the said Orders wert' to ccrho
•nd determine, is nevertheles-s disposed, on his part, to take
such measures as may tend to re-establish the intercourse
between neutral and belligerent iiationN, upon its accustomed
principles, his roval highness, the prince regent, ir. the name
and on the behal* of his nijesty, is therefore plensed, by and
With the acTrke of his majesty*! privy • ouncil, to order and
declare, And (t in hertO} ordereit and declared, thai the Or-
der in Council bearing date the 7th day of January* 1S07,
and the Order in Council bearing date the 26th day of
April, 1809. be revoked, so far as may regard Amencaa
vessels and their cargoes, t>eing American property, from
the 1st dny of August next.

But whereas by certaiti acts of the government of the
IT. StateN of America, all British armed vessels are exclud-
td from the harbors and waters of the said U. States, the
armed vessels of Prance being permitted to enter therein,
and the commercial mtercourse between G Britain and the
Said U. States is interdicted, the commercial intercourse
l)elween France and the said U. States having been i-estor-
td t his royal highness, the prince regent is pleased hereby
further to declare, in the name and on the b^alf of his ma-
jesty, that if the government of the said U. States shall not
as soon as may m, after this order shall have been duly
notified by his majesty's minister '.a America to the said
government, revoke or cause to be revoked the said acts,
this present Order shall in that case, after clear notice signi-
'fied by his majesty V minister in America, to the said gov-
ernment, be thenceforth null and of no effect.

.ikPh'. i^i l\J: J'. ij-UHvi't-j-:

jif' \-\ y,<M^- «v j^n'*i

msTORY OF Tlir WAl.

117

tt H ftirthar « n1rrr«( hiwI (tf^rinrffl, (hnl all Amrririin vn.
«eh « <J Ihfir cnrjjoi's, l»f inif Am^rimn proprrty, lh«l nhall
ht»c bwn c«plnriMl siiliHerpipnth lotlio 2H»hof Mny laM, for
A iNfach of lh»' :ifnn'M«id Orcfen »f> Coniicil n!«nt', find
wbit'h xhnll not Imvc hot'w actuiilly oofMifmuifvl hefort- the
(late of lliii* Onler, ami ilntt ;ill sliipt mul rai-jfocJi n«tafore-
Mid.that fihull henceioHh ♦>«* ca[»fnr#fi nndtr IIh* wild Or-
ders prior to the Isl »|j»v ol A»!;usl n^Nt, Hlinll irot b** pro-
ceeded against to r«>fidi'm"!«tioii. until further orderN, hut
nhall, in the event of thu < M'drr luH luoinuiifi;' null and of no
(ifert, in the case aforesnui, bt* forthwith hl)erflt»'d and re-
sloral, snbject to Aiirh reaNonabte expeiireM on the p:irt of
the caj>tor», as shall have been jnslly incurred. ■

Provided that nothiri*;: m the Order coiitaiiied re9|)eftin|r
the revoratinii of the Orders herein mentioned, »hall be
hiken to revive wholly, or in part, the Orders in Cou«ril uf
tlie nib of November, 1807, or any other Order not herein
mentioned, or to deprive parties of any lejfal renieily to
which they may be entitled, under the Order in Council, of
the 2 1st of April, 1812.

His royal nighness, the prince regent is hereby pleased
fortlier to declare, in the name and o:« the behalf of his ina«
jesty, that tiothing in the present Order contained shall b€
understood to preclude his royal highness, the prince regent,
if circamstaiices shall so require, from r*st«)ring, after rea-
sonable notice, the Orders of the 7th uf January, 1807, and
th 26th of April, 1809, or any part thereof, to their full
effect, or from taking such other measures of retaliation
against the enemy, as may appear to his royal highness to be
just and necessary. ••^'*<* •-"*» '"'iJ »<i to Jvo'1 ■■!**

And the right honorable the lords commissioners of his
majesty's treasury, his majesty's pnncipal secretaries of state,
the lords commissioners of the Admiralty and the Judge
•f the high Court of Admiralty, and the Judge of the
Court of Vice Admiralty, are to take the necessary mea-
sures herem, as to them may respectively appertain. «

I**

iJlUt/

Gen. Hull to the Secretary of War. ' ^

JVloMTREAL, Sept. 8lh, 1812.
^!R — ^The inclosed dispatch was prepared on my arri-
va if Fort George, and it was my intention to hove for-
warded it from that place by Major Witherell, of the

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msTomr of thb wak.

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Michii^an vohinteers. I made applicatioa to the com.

sUlini

i^i^rdiitg officer at that pout, and was refuHed ; be
that he wan not authorised, and Gen. Brock was thf ii at
Y«»rk. We were immediately embarked for this place,
and Major Witherell obtained liberty at Kingston to g«
home Oil p:irole.

This M ike first opportunity 1 have bad 4o forward the
diripatches. , i

The fourth U. States' regiment is destined for Q^uebec,
with a part of the first. The wiiok consist of a littb; over
tliree hundred

Sir iierorge Prevost, without any request on ay part,
has offered to take oi} parole, and permit jne to proceed U
theStates. ., ,«;,,■., .. •,; .. ,.,;.• •,!.,/., .M

Lieut. Anderson, of the eigbAi regiment, is the bearer of
my dispatches. He was formerly a Lieut, in the Artilki^,
and resigned his commissioh on account of being appuiut-
ed Marslial of the Territ<»ry of Michigan. During the
Campaign he has ha4 a command m the Ar.tillery ; «iHt(
recomiueiid hiin to you as a valuable officer. / ;., i m- ^<a
• He IS pai'ticulai'ly acquainted willi tbe state of things

freviouR, and at 4he time n^n 4he c»ipitulation took place.
l4^ will be able to give you correct intbrmation on aov
{K>ii»ts, about wJiich you may think proper to enquire,

1 am, very respecifuUy, &c.
f. : V r , , WILLIAM HULL.

)! v , „.j,, ,,.,, . DISPATCH.

J'ort Gewge, August 26, 1812.
!S]R — ^Inclosed are Ihe articles of capitulation, by whicb
the Fort of Detroit has been surrendered to Major>Geiierat
firix'k, commanding bis Britannic JMajetity's forces m Up-
{>ei Canada, and by winch the troops have become prisoners
ot war. My situation at present forbids me from detailing
4he particttiar causes which, have led to t^is unfortunul£
event. I will, however, generally observe, ihat after ibe
surrender of Michiluiiackinac,aknast every tribe and nation
of Indians, excepting a part ot the Miamiesaiid Delawares,
north irom beyond Lake Superrar, west from beyond the
]V1 ississippi, south from the Ohio and Wabash, and east from
every part oV Upper Canada, and from ail the Htteunediate
coutiti'y, joined in o\Hin iiostiiity under the British standardf
againtt the army 1 comoianded, contrary to the ipo^t (ioJeii)«

nisTORT OF m wiou

ll»

^urences of » iHr^e portion of then; to remain neutml ;
fvfi) the OUiiwA CheifR froni Abercrulch, who foniMMl the
delat^alion to Wa.shin^oti the last Nunimer, in whoae friend-
ship I know you had i^eat confidenoe. are anionic the hos-
lile tribes and several of them dinlinguishe^ lemderi.
Amonu^ the vast number of chiefs who led the hostile bands,
Tecumseh, Marplot, Lotran, Walk-ui tlie-waler, Splitrliii]^»
kc. are considered the principals. This nuoierouN iiMM-m-
blaG^e of savages, under the entire influence and direetion
of the British commander,, enabled hiiu totally to obsinid
the only communication which I had with my coii.itry.
Thin communication had been opened from the st.'ttlements
in the state of Ohio, two hundred miles tlirou{|rii a wiider-
netts, by the fatigues of the army, which I marched to
the frontier on the river Detroit. The body of the Lake be-
ing commanded by the British armed shipsy and lite shores
and rivers by fj^un-boats, ^>e army was totally deprived of all
communication by water. On this extensive road tt depend-
Cfi for trans|)ortation of provisions, military stores, medichtc,
clothing* aud every other supply, on pack«lM>rses — all its
operations were successful until its arri\al at Dt;troiky-^n a
few days it passed into the enemy^s eowUry,. and ail opiH>-
sition segued to- fall before it. One mor.th. it remained m
possession of this country,, and was fed from its resources.
Ill diflerent directions detachments penetrated sixty miles
in the settled part of the province, and the inhabitants seenoi^
ed satisAed with tlie change of situation, whi< ^h appeared to>
be taking place*~-the militia from Amltertsbiirg were daily
deserting, and the whole country^ then, nnder the coutroit
of the army, was asking for protectioiu The Indians gen-
erally, in the iirsl instance,. appeared to be neutralized, and
determined to take no patt in the contesL.

The fort of Aniherstburgh Aas eighteen miles below my
encampment. Not a- single cannon or mortar was on
wheeiN suitable to carry before that place. I. consulted my
otlicers whethen it was expedient to make an< attempt on it
yi iU the bayonet alone, without cannon to make a breach in
thr first instance.. The couneil I' called was of opinion it
was not. — The greatest industry was exerted in making
preparation, and it was not until the 7lh of August, that two
24-*)onnders, aud three howitzers wtre prejiared. It was
then my intention to have proceeded on the eutej'prise.— -

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BISTORT or THE WAR.

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While the operatioiiH of the army were delayed by these
pre|>ar>ftti<iiH the cloiiiiv ot adversity had been <or .s<»me m**,
and Heemedhtdl thickly to he iralherinuf aroiMd me. Tii«
surrender ot Michilimackinar ofieiied the noiiliern hiv> o(
Indians, and they Wf-re Hwarniin*> down in *-very directioii.
KeiidurcementM t'rum Niaifum had arrived at Ainhf rstbiir^
Hiider the conimartd of Col. Prortor. The dt'sertion ot the
uiihlia ceaHe<l. Bi sides the reinforreni( iits that came i>v
water, I received information of a very tonsiderable force
Milder the command of Major Chanit>ers, on the river L«
French, wit!* four tield-pieces, and collecting the militia ua
bis route, eTidently destined for Amher.Htbur^ ; and in nd-
dition to this combination, and increase uf force, contrary l«
all my expectatiohs, the W\a>.dots, Citi|t|»ewaN, Ottawas,
Potawattamies, Mnnsees, Dehi wares, ^c. with whom 1 had
the most tVieiully intercourse, at once passed over to Atu-
herstburg-, and accepted the tomahawk and scalping' knife.
There being now a vast number of Indians at the British
post, they, were sent to the river Huron, BrownstowM, and
j)|ffagua^o, to intercept my comnuinicution. To open this
commamcatiun, 1 detached Major Yahhorn, of the iih>»
Tolunteers, with two huitdred men to proceed as far as the
river Raisin, under an expectation that he would ntiret Capt.
Brush with' 150 volunteers from Ohio, and a quantUy uf |»ro-
irision for the army. An ambuscade was formed at Bi'uwii9<
town, and Major Vaiihorn's detiicliment defeated and re-
turned to camp without etfectin» the objector the expedition.
In my letter of the 7lh inst. you have the particulars of
thai transaction, with areturn of the killed and woundfd.
Under this sudden and unexpected change- of things, and
having' received an express from Ge.ieral Hali, cununaiui-
ki(^ opposite the. British shore on the P^iaj^ara river, by
which it appeared that there was no prospect of any co-op-
erution from that quarter, and the two senior officers of the
artillery having' stated to mean opinion that it woulU ht
extremely diflicult, if not impossible, to pass the Turkey
river and river Anx>Caunard, with the 24 pou ders, and
that they could not be transported by water, as the Queen
Charlotte winch carried eiirhteen 24 pounders, la\ i.i I le
river Detroit above the mouth of the river Aux-C;iiiiiar(i;
and as it appeared indispensibly necessary to open the c » ii«
.inuiHcation t(9 the river Uaisiu and the Miami, I toumi

fliSTOBY OP TBX WAB.

Itl

ittV^cir compelled to suspend llie operation against Ani-
Iit-rHll'iir^, and concenlrute Uie ntaiti force of the armv at
Dtlroit. Fully iiUending^, at that time, after the cummn-
iiic.ition was opened, to re-cros« the river, and pursue the
object at AnjlR-r.>>tl>urg^, and strongly desirous of continuing
jirutection to a very large number of the inhabitants of
V\t\ni' Cjirjiida, who had voluntarily accepted it imder my
};rcclamation, I established a fortress on the banks of the
ruer, a liltle below D*'troil, c ilculated for a garrison of
three hundred men. On ti;e evening of the 7tl), and morn-
iii<rof the 8lh inst. the army, excepting the garrison of 250
jiifaiilry, and a corps of artillerists, all under the command
oi' Major Denny, of the Ohio volunteers, re-crossed the riv-
er, and encamped at Detroit. In pursuance of the object
fti' opening the communication, on wltich I considered the
existence of the army depending, a detachment of six hun-
dred men, under the command of Lieut. Colonel Miller wast
itnuiedialely ordered. For a particular account of the
pH'Ceedings of this detachment, and the memorable battio
which was fought al IMaguago, which reflects the highest
honor on the American arms, 1 refer you to my letter of
liie 13lh of August, a duplicate of which is enclosed, in
this. Nothing however but honor was acquired by this
victory ; and it is a painful consideration, that 'the blood
of seventy-five gallant men could only open the communi-
cntion as far as the points of their bayonets extended.
The necessary rare of the sick and wounded, and a verv
severe slorm of rain, rendered their return to cantp indis-
pensably necessary for their own coml'ort. Captain Brush,
with his small detachment, and the provisions, being still at
the river Raisin, and in a situation to be doslroycd by the
savages, on the 13th inst. in the evening, I permitted
Colonels M'Arlhur and Cass to select from their regiment
four hundred of their most eff'ective men, and proceed an
upper route through the woods, which I had sent an express
toCapt. Brush to take, and had directed the militia of the
river R.aisin to accompany him as a reinforcement. The
force of the enemy continually increasing, and the neces-
sity of opening the communication, and acting on the de-
fensive, becoming more apparent, I had, previous to de-
taching Colonels M' Arthur and Cass, on the 11th inst.
evacuated and destroyed the fort on the opposite bank.

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HISTORY OF THE WAR.

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"On the 13lh, in Ihe evening, Gen. Brock arrived at Aui-
' lierslbiirg' about the hour Colonels M' Arthur and CaMJ
marched, of which ut thnt lime I had received no informa
tion. On the loth, 1 received a summons from iiiiu to|
.,' surrender fort Detroit, of which I herewith enclose yon
,' copy, together with my answer. At this time I had receiv. I
^' ed no information from Colonels M' Arthur and Cass. Ai,
■ ' express was immediately sent, strongly escorted, with or-
ders for them to return.

On the Itilli, as soon as General Brook received my lei.

r' tcr, his batteries opened on the town and fort, and coiilinti.

'^ed until evening. In the evening all the British shii>s o||

..M'ar came nearly as far up the river as Sandwich, tlirci-

' miles below Detroit. At daylight on the IGtIi, (at whidi

time I had received no information from Colonels M'ArlJnui

and Cass, my exprtssei^ sent the evening before, and in the

' night, having been prevented from passing by numeroih

*] bodies of Indians) the cannonade recommenced, and in a

short time I received information, that the British aru)) and

,' Indians, were landing below the Spring wells, under tk

cover of their .ships of war. At this time the whole cflPer.

live force at my disposal at Detroit did not exceed eight

. hundred men. Being new troops and unaccustomed to a

camp life ; having performed a laborious march ; having

, been in a number of battles and skirmishes, in which niariv

' had fallen, and more had received wounds, in addition Ic

which a large number' being sick, and unprovided willi

medicine, and the comforts necessary for their situation;

\' are the general causes by which the strength of the arnu

Was thus reduced. The fort at this time was tilled witii

women, children, and the old and decrepit people of tlic

lown and country j they were unsafe in the town, as it was

entirely open and ex-posed to the enemy's batteries. Rack

of the fort, above or below it, there was no safely for llieni

on accaunt of the Indians. In the first instance, the enemy '»

I fire was principally directed against our batteries; toward*

the close, it was directed again.stthe fort aloHe, and almost

every shot and shell had their effect.

It now became necessary either to figlit the enemy in the
field ; collect the whole force in the fort ; or propose ternl^
of capitulation. I could not have carried into the Held
more than six huudied men, and left any adequate force in

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

1'2.)

[he fort. I'lirre were lfin(!«»tl at Uiat linio of Uie cnciny'a rt'-
:.i!ar force uf tiiiicb niv)rt'tlian that number, aini Iwico lliat j
ritnluruf Indians. CunsUlerin*;' thiit great inequality ot'

1 1,1, 1 (lid not think it expedient to adopt the fn^l mcoAurc.
1 lie second must have been attended with a jjrealjiacrlficc ;
<,t o!>oil, and no possible advanta^re, because the contest ,
Liiki nut have been sustained mure than a dav for ihp "
w.ul »»f powder, and but a very few days for tho want of,,
prD'isioiib. In addition to tins. Cols. M*Arlhur and Cass ',
uoiiid ijuve been in a most hazardous situation. I feared |
iiolliiiig bnl iLo last alternative. I have dared to adopt it — ^
I well know the iiigh responsibility of liic measure, and I .
tik« Hie whole of it on myself. It was dictated by a sensii
ot duty, and a full conviclion of its expediency. li*\ic
Inmdsof savages which had then joined the BritisU forces .
wire nunierons beyond any former example. Their num->i
berij have since increased, and the htstory of the barbarians
ottlie north of Europe does not furitish examples of more-,
ji^reedy violence than these savages have exhibited. A
lii'!^e portion of the brave and gallant officers and men I .
commanded would cheerfully have contested until the last,
cartridge had been ex\)euded, and the bayonets worn to the
sockets. I could nut consent to the useless sacrifice of such ^
brave men, when ] knew it was impossible for me to sus-
tain my situation. It was impossible in tlie nature of things
that an army could ha/e been furnished with the necessary
supplies of provision, military stores, clothing, and comfortj
tor the sick, on pack horses, through a wilderness of two
hundred miles, filled with hostile savages. It was impos-
sible, sir, that this little army, worn down by fatigue, by,
sickness, by wounds and deaths, could have supported it-,
self not only against the collected force of all the northern
nations of Indians, but against the united strength of Upi)er
Caitada, whose population consists of more than twenty
times the number contained in the territory of Michigan,
aided by the principal part of the regular forces of the pro-
vince, and the wealth and influence of the North-West, and
other trading establishments among the Iiidians, which
have in their employment, and under their entire control,
Hiore than two*thousand white men. " "':.''

Before I close this despatch it is a duty I owe my res-
pec table associates in command, Colonels M* Arthur, Fiucl-

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IllSTORY OF TU£ WAR.

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ley, Caiw, and lieut Col. Miller, to express my ol)li|f ilio.ij
to them for the |)roni|it uiid juiliciuus iiiuniicT in which lliey
have |)erfomied their respective duties, ll aiiojit haslaktn
place during the campaijj;ii which is honorable to the army,
these officers are entitled to a large hhure of it. If the Inst
uct should be disapproved, no part of the ceitsiue belongs
to thf;in. I have likewise to express my obligation to Gen.
Taylor, who has performed the duty of quailer-niasler-
General, for his great exertions in procuring every thing in
his department which it was possible to furnish for the cuit-
venience of the army; likewise to brigade-miijoi* Jtssup
for the correct and punctual manner in which he has dis-
charged his duty ; and to the army generally for tlieir e\.
ertion, and the zeal they have manifested for the public iii.
terest. Xhc death of Dr. P'oster, soon after he arrived at
Detroit, was a severe misfortune to the army j it was in-
creased by the capture of the Chachaga packet, by which
the medicine and the hospital stores were lost. He was
commencing the best arrangements in the department uV
■which he was the principal, with the very small means
■which he possessed. I was likewise deprived of the ne-
cessary services of Capt. Partridge, by sickness, the only
officer of the corps of engineers attached to the army. All
the officers and men have cone to their respective homes,
excepting the 4tl) U. Stated regiment, and a small part ot
the first, and Capt. Dyson's company of artillery. Capt.
Dyson's company was left at Amherstburg, and the others
aie with me prisoners — they amount to about 340. I have
only to solicit an investigation of my conduct, as early as
my situation, and the state of things will admit ; and to add
th6 iiirther request, that the government will not be un-
mindful of my associates in captivity, and of the families of
thpse brave men who have fallen in the contest.

I have the honor to be, &c.
"'•^''•" 'I- W. HULL,

; '' [enclosed in the preceding dispatch.]

' ; * V //Sandwich, August?, 1812.

SIR— On the 4lh insl. Major Vanhorn, of Col. Findley's

regiment of Ohio volunteers, was detached from this army,

with the command of 200 men, principally riflemen, to pro.

peed to the river Maisin, and further, if uecesgary, to me^l

UISTOBY OP THE WAR.

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.mil rcluforct; Capl. Bnisli, of tl»e stale of Ohio, commnnd-
iiig a fonnmiiy of voluiiUers, aiul eHCoiimg provHionn for
this itrniy. At Bruwii!>lu\vii u larg^e boily of IndianH had
ti»rui»itl an ambuscade, ami the Major's detachnu'nl received
a tuavy Hre, at the distance of tifty yards from the cii< my.
The whole detachment retreated in disorder. Major Vaii-
honi made every exertion to form, and prevent the retreat,
that was possible for a brave and <^allanlot)icer, but without
success. By the return of killed and wounded, it will be
perceived that the loss of officei's was uncommonly great.
Their ed'orts to rally theircompanies was Ihe occasion of it.
I am, very respectfully, yours, &c.

WILLIAM HULL.
Killed, in Major Vanhorn's defeat — 4 Captams — 1 Lieu-
tenant — 2 Ensigns — iO privates — total 17.

[enclosed in the preceding dispatch.]

Detroit, lath August, 1!S12.
SIR — The main body of the army having re-crossed the
fiver at Detroit, on the night and morning of the Sth, uist. six
iiundred men were immediately detached under the com-
mand of Lieut. Col. Miller, to open the communication to
the river Raisin, and protect the provisions, which were
under the escort of Capt. Brush. This detachment consist-
ed of the 4th U. States regiment, and two small detachments
under the command of Lieut. Stansbury and Ensign
M'Labe of the 1st regiment; detachments from the Ohio
and Michigan volunteers, a corps of artillerists, with one
gix-pounder and an howitzer under the conimund of Lieut.
Eastman, and a part of Captains Smith and Sloan's Cavalry,
commanded by Capt. Sloan of the Olsio volunteers. Lieut.
Col. Miller marched from Detroit on the afternoon of th«
8th instant, and on the 9th, about four o'clock p. m. the
van guard, commarided by Capt. Snelling of the 4lh U.
States' regiment, was tired on by an extensive line of Bri-
tish troops and Indians at the lower part of the Maguago
about fourteen miles from Detroit. At this time the main
body was marching in two columns, and Capt. Snelling
maintained his position in a most gallant manner, under a
very heavy fire, until the line was formed and advanced t«>
the ground he occupied, when the whole, excepting the rerM
fl^uard, was brought into action.

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HJhTOaY or THZ WAR.

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The enemy were formed behind a temporary breast work
of iof(8, the Indians exteiidin^f in a thick wood on their left.
Lt. Cul. Miller ordered his whole line to advance, and
when within a small distance of the enemy, made n general
discharge, and proceeded with charged bayonets, wnen the
British line and Indians commenced a retreat. They were
pursued in a most vigorous manner about two milcii, and
the pursuit discontinued only un account of the fatigue of
the troops, the approach of evening, and the necessity of re-
turning to take care of the wounded. The jud<<'ious ar-
mngements made by Lt. Col. Miller, and the gai. t man*
ner in which they were executed, justly entitle buu to the
highest honor. From the moment the line commenced the
{we, it continually moved on, and the enomy maintained
their position until forced at the point of the bayonet. The
Indians on the left, commanded by Tecumseh, fought with
great obstinacy, but were continually forced and compelled
to retreat. The victory was complete in every part of the
line, and the success would have been more brilliant had
the cavalry charged the enemy on the retreat, when a most
favorable opportunity presented. Although orders were
given for the purpose, unfortunately they were not execut-
ed. Majors Vanhorn and Morrison, of the Ohio volunteers,
"were associated with Lt. Col. Miller, as field officers in Ibis
command, and were highly distinguished by their exertions
in forming tlifi line, and the firm and intrepid manner they
led their respective commands into action.

Capt. Baker, of the 1st. Capt. Brevort, of the 2d. and
Capt. Hull, of the 13jth, my aid-de-camp, and Lieut. Whist-
ler, of the 1st Regt. U. b. Infantry, requested permission to
join the detachment, as volunteers. Lieut. Col. Miller as-
signed commands to Capt. Baker and Lieut. Whistler ; and
Capts. Brevort and Hull, at his request, attended his person
and aided him in the general aiTangements. Lieut. Colonel
Miller has mentioned the conduct of these officers in terms
of high approbation. In addition to the captains who have
been named, Lt. Col. Miller has mentioned Capts. Burton
and Fuller, of the 4th Regt. Capts. Saunders and Brown, of
the Ohio Volunteei"s, and Capt. Delandre, of the Michigan
Volunteers, who were attached to his command — anddisj-
tingui'>hed by their valor. It is impossible for me, in this
f 'ommuuicatiou to do justice to the officers and soldiers, who

mSTOEY OW TRB WAB.

127

gained the victory whicli I hate described. Thty Imve ac-
quired hifrH honor to themselfet and are justly entitled t«
the gratitude of their country.

Major Muir, of the 41st Kegt. commande.^ the British in
lliis action. Their regulars and volunteer consisted of
about 400, and a large number of Indians. Major Muir,
-.uul two subalternR were wounded, one of ihcni since dead.
The militia and volunteers attached to his comniantl, were
ill the severest part of the action, and their loss must have
been great — it has not yet been ascertained.

I have the honor to lie. Sec. VVM. HULL.

AMF.RICAN LOSS.

;, Killed 1&— Wounded 57.

BRITISH LOSS.

' ' Killed 51 — Wounded 05 — Prisoners 4.

GENERAL OR EUS.

II. Q. Deiruit, Aug. 16, 1812.

It is with pain and anxiety that Brigadier General Hull
announces to the North-AY ester n army, that he has been
fompelled from a sense of duty, to agree to the followmg
articles of capitulation.

Camp DetrmU Aug. 10, 1812.

Capitulation of surrendering fort Detroit, entered into
between Mnjor-General Brock, commaiidmg his Britannic
majesty's forces, of the one part, and Brig. General Hull,
commanding the North- Western army ol the U. States, of
the other part :

Article 1st. Fort Detroit with all the troops, regulars as
well as militia, will be immediately surrendered to the Bri-
tish forces under command of Major-General Brock, and
will be considered as prisoners of war, with the exception
of such ef the Militia of the Michigan territory, who have
not joined the army.

Article 2d. All public stores, arms, and public docu-
ments, including every thing else of a public nature, will be
immediately given up.

Article 3d. Private persons and private property of every
description will be respected.

Article 4th. His excellency Brig. General Hull, having
expressed a desire that a detachment from the state of Ohio,
on its way to join the army, as well as one srnt from fori

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niSTO&Y OF llin WAB.

Detroit, under the command or Cul. M'Artliur, should I>r
included in llie nt)ove fitipulation, it is acordingly ajjrcrtl
to. It is, huwever, to l>e iindf^rstood, that such |mrl» of tlin
Ohio miiitia as have not joined the army, uill be permitUd
to return home on condition that thry will not nerve diiririu
tlie v%ar — their arran, however, will he delivered up if Ijc-
lon^iii^ to the miblic.

Article 5lh. The garrison will march out at the hour ol
12 o'clock this day, and tlie British forces will take iniiiu-
diate poKsession of the fort.

J. M'DOWEULt. Col. Militia B. A. D. C.
I. B. CiR£(iG, Major A. D. C.
(Anprovtd) WILLIAIM HULL, Briff. Gen.
JAMES MILLER, Ll. CI. .0th V. S. Iiifautry.
E. BRUSH, Col. Isl. Rejrt Michignn Militia.
(Approved) ISAAC BROCK. Maj. Gen.

The army at 12 o^clock thi» day will march outoftiM;
east g-ate^ v\nere they will stack their arms, and will bellten
subject to the articles of capitulation.

WILLLVM HULL, Brig. Gen.

Colonel Cass to the Secretary of War.

Washington, Sept. 10, 18K',

SIR — Having been ordered on to this place by Col
M'Arthur, for the purp'v^ of communicating to the govern-
ment par! iculars respecting the expedition lately command-
ed by Brig. General Hull, and its disastrous result, as
might enable them correctly to appreciate the conduct of
the officers and men ; and todevelope the causes which pro-
duced so foul a stuiti upon the national character, I have
the hon6r to submit for your consideration, the following
statement.

When the forces landed in Canada, they landed v! ifh an
ardent zeal and stimulated with the hope of conquest. ISu
enem} appeared w.lhiu view of us, and had an immediate
and vigorous attack been made upon Maiden, it womIiI
doubtless have fallen an easy victory. I know Ci en. Hull
afterwards declared he rej^retted this attack had not hetii
made, and he had every reason to believe success would
have crowned his elforts. The reason given for delayiii<,'
our operatioos was to mount our heavy cannon, anil to af-
ford to the Canadian militia time and opportuiiity to qnit

HISTORY or THE W IkM,

)'49

> 1
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an ul>uo\iou.<i uervice. In llie rciume «t" lu a v e^k" ii«
iiuiuIht of their militia, who were einhcMlu'*! bad dec n-
I hy ilefltrtion fruni nix hiitulrtMl to one huiicti d men nd

the course of three wcfkn, the ctiniion were mouiii< d,
the ainmiitiitioii Hxed, and every preparatiitii made tor an
iiiiinediate iitveNtmeni of the fori. At ix Conned, al which
ucre present all ihetield oflicwrN, nnd which was held two
iliivs before our preparations were completed, it was una-
itimonsly a^jfrted to make nn iumiedi.te attiiupt, to aecuni-
|)lish the object of the expedition. If by wnitmg two days
we could have the service of our heavy artdlery, it was
:ioiTed to wait: if not, it was determined to go without it,
ami attempt the place by storm. This opinion appeared
to correspond with the views of the General, and the day
was a[)pointed for commencing our march. Ue declared
to me, that he considered himself pledged to lead the army
to Maiden. The ammunition was placed in the waggons ;
the cannon embarked on board the floating batteries, and
every requisite article was prepared. The spirit and zeal,
tht- ardor and animation displayed by the oflicers and men,
01) learning the near accomplishment of their wishes, was
a sure and sacred pledge, that in the hour of trial they
should not be found wanting in their duty to their country
and themselves. But a change of measures, in opposition
to the wishes and ( pinions of all the officers, was adopted
l)V the General. The plan of attacking Maiden was aban-
doned, and instead of acting offensively, we broke up our
t;amp, evacuated Canada, and re- crossed the river, in the
n'ght, without even the shadow of an enemy to injurious. We
letttothetendermercy oftheenemy the miserable Canadians
who had joined us, and the pro/t'Cf/on we aflbrded them was
but a passport to vengeance. This fatal and unaccounta-
ble step dispirited the troops, and destroyed the little con-
tidence which a series of timid, irresolute, and indecisive
measures had left in the commanding officer.

About the 10th of August, the enemy received a rein-
forcement of four hundred men. On the 12th, the com-
manding officers of three of the regiments, (the fourth was
absent) were informed through a medium which admitted
of no doubt, that the General had stated that a capitulation
would be necessary. They on the same day addressed to
Governor Meigs of Ohio, a letter of which the following im
aa extract. 1 7

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lUSTOlir OF TRR WAR.

»> • helieve all Ihtf hcanr rvill tt-U ifoii. B^luve it, IwH'^cf,
it may Gstonvih *ii, us niuvh as r/ it Jtiut hei ntoiti yon At/ «/)(/
o/'t/.v. M'fn a c ..i n t /i, t'jr talhvil oj htf the

I he hearerfvilljilitht t'lioanry.*

The douhlfiil faieot'thiK letter rciideretl it necrs.Nurv \t
UHt* rii('UU)Nt><'Cliuh in its detniU^ niid tlieiet'ore tlicsf hiiUikit
won; IcCt. The word * f*:i}MtiilKtioir \% ill fill the t.nt. uiid
* conimiiiidiiiL'' t^t'nerat' the uther. As iin t:neiiiy ^^ .tk near
UH, and an lh» sui^eriority of our force wun irtaitiieNt. mc
couhl Nee no necessity tor eapitnluttn^^, nor itny })ro| nely
in nlliidin^to it. We therefore •it-itirnnned in the iasi r<.
soil to ifcur the resionsihility of diverting' the (lencrui o(
hiM command. Thi.n I'l-.ui wun eveni.uuliy prevented l>y
two oilhe cominnudiiiir otiScers of regiments being urdend
upon detachments. -< • ; , ..

On the 13lh ihc British took a position opposite to De-
troit, iiiul hei^an lo ihrow up works. Dnruig- thai and the
two foilowini;' days. Iher pursued iheir onject without in-
terruption, and estuhlished a battery tor two 18 poundciit
and an 8 inch howil/er. About sunset oo the aveiiin^ of
the 14th, a detachmonlof ;>^() men from the regiments com-
manded by C(d. M'Arthiir and myself, was ordered to
march to the river Kaisin, to escort the provisions, which
had some lime remained there protected by a party undei
the command of Capt Brush.

On Saturday, the loth about 1 o'clock, a flag^ of truce
arrived from Sandwich, bearint^ a summons from General
Brock for the surrender of the town and fori of Detroit
stating he could no longer restrain the fury of the savnge.s.
To this an immediate and spirited refusal was returned.
About four o'clock Uieir batteries began to play upon the
town. The fire was returned and continued without inter-
ruption and with little eti'ect tiU darL Their shells were
tlirown till eleven o'clock. ' j.;.

At day-light the firing on both sides re-commenced
about the same time the enemy began to land troops nl
the Spring wells, three miles below Detroit, protected by
two of their armed vessels. Between G and 7 o'clock they
had effected their landing, and immediately took up theii
line of march. They moved in close column of platoonb..
twelve in front, upon the bank of the river. - .« r'

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

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Tlic t'iMirih rri{ini«*iit uaM M<>itio;ir(| iti tlie fofl ; \hf Ohio
.olUiiU-t'i'MiiicI u |»url ot'the i^lirli>i;;.Mi iiiikiliii, Iteliiiui somti
iiirk(^l>*. Ill a Mttiiiitiua iii wlmii ll>«- wliolellank ot' llit) t'lii'-
iDV Moiiul have heeii c\|MmtM|. The I'tKidiif ul iht- Mirhi-
>ruii iniiiliu were in the ii|)|>tr pari «)f iht'lowii io n'liiKl liie
iiicursiuiiH of I'r; Kn\a^(*H. T*vo ..'4 )K»uii(ierh, luadcMl v\itli
irra|)c' shot, weri; |M>Mlet) uii a roiniiiaiuiiit;^ cntiiifiK'i-, rtady
tu sweeji the aiivaiieiti^ cotuniii. Im this KiUialioii Uic a>ii>
uerioi ily ufoiir poNitiuii w IS a|>|)ar(Mit, aiicl our troo|«M, in
tliecagvr eX|)ectutioH of victorv, u>v;ule(l the approacli ut'
the enemy. Not a discoiiteiit broke iijion the cur ; not u
look of cowardice nM!t the eve. Kvery man expected a
proud da) for hi8 coutilrv, and cHrh whm anxiou.t that hi.s
iiidr.idual exertion shouhl conirduiie to tiie general result.

VV^hen the head or their cohnnn arrived Nvithin about.
tive hundred yards of our hue, orderw \vt:re rctetved from
Gt'ii. Uuil for the whole to retreat to die iort, and for the
Ul pounders not to o|)en upon the enemy* One uuiver-
sd burst of indignation wus apparent upon the ret.eipt of
this order. Tiiose, whose convicltoti was the dehherate
iTsiittofa disp;.'ssioiittte examination of passing' events, saw
the folly and impropriety of crowding 1100 men into a lit-
tle work, which 300 men could fully man, and into wbich
the shot and shells of the enemy were falling. The fort
w'M in this manner tilled.; the men were diiecied to stack
their arms, and scarcely was an opportunity afforded of
moving. Shortly after, a white flag was hung out upon the
walls. A V ttish olUcer rode up to enquire the cause. A
commuii. cation passed between the commanding Generals,
whicii ended in the capitulation submitted to you. In en-
tering into this capitulation, the General took counsel from
his own feelings only. Not an oflicer was consulted. Not
one anticipated a surrender, till he saw the while flag dis-
played. Even the women were indignant at so siiameful
a degradation of the American character, and all felt as
the\ should have felt, but Vie who held in his hands the
reins of authority.

Our morning report had that morning made our eft'ec-
tive men present, fit for duty 10()0, without including the
detachment before alluded to, and without including «i09
fit" tbe Michigan militia on duty

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HWTOIIY or TlIE WAR.

Abonldark on Saturday everiinqj the detachment senl to
escort the provisions, received orders from (ien. Hull to re-
turn with ns much expedition as possible. About ten
o'clock the next day Ihey arrived williin sii^ht ot Detroit,
Hiul a tiring been heard, or any resistance visible, they
nvouid have immediately advanced and att;M'ked the rear
of the enemy. The situation in which this detachment
"was placed, althon(>;h the result of accident, was the best tor
annoying the enemy and cutting' oti" his retreat that could
have been selected. With his raw troops enclosed between
two fires, and no hopes of succor, it is hazarding little to
say, that very few would have escaped.

I have been informed by Col. Findley, who saw the re-
turn of their quarter-ma.ster General the day aft " the sur-
render, that Ihcir whole force of every description, while,
red, and black, was 1030. They had twenty-nine platooiis,
twelve in a platoon, of men dressed in uniform. Many ot
these were evidently Canadian militia. The rest of the
militia increase<i their white force to about seven hundred
men. The number of their Indians could not be ascer-
tained with any degrtje of precision ; not many were visible.
And in the event of an attack upon the town and fort, it
-was a species ol force which could have afforded no mate.
rial advantage to the enemy.

In endeavonng lo appreciate the motives, and to investi-
gate the causes, which led to an event so unexpected and
dishonorable, it is impossible to find any solution in the re-
lative strength of the coiitendit;g parlies, or in the measures
of resistance in our power. That we were far superior
to the enemy; that upon any ordinary principles of calcu-
lation we con id have defeated them, the wounded and in-
dignunt feelings of ever) man there will testify.

A few days before the surrender, I was informed by
Gen. Hull, we had 400 rounds of 24 pound shot fixed, and
about 100,000 cartridges made. We surrendered vvilk
the fort, 40 barrels of powder, and 2o00 stand of arms.

The state of our provision has not been generally uiiderr
stood. On the day of the surrender we had fifteen days'
provisions of every kind on hand. Of meat there was plenty
in the country, and arrangements had been made for -pur-
chasiiig grain and grinding it to Hour. It was calculated
we could readily procure three months' provisions, indepen

no circui

HISTORY OP THE WAR.

1S3

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igiil of 150 barrels of flour, nml l^iOO head of cntHe, wliirh
lja«l b«'eii forwarfleil from the state of Ohio, and uhich re-
Qiaiiied at the river Kaisiii, under Capt. Bru.th, within reach
gf the army.

Bui had wo been totally destitute of provisions, our duty
iiHl our interest undoubtedly was to tight. The enemy invit'
ed us to meet him in the Hi Id.

By defeatmg him the whole country would have been
open to us, ;ind the object of our expedition gloriously and
iuccesslully obtained. If we had been defeated we had
uotliing to do but to retreat to the fort, and make the best
(iffetice which circumstances and our situation rendered
practicable. Bnt basely to surrender, without firing' a gun
—tamely to submit, without raising a bayonet — tlisgrace-
iiilly to \yas8 in review before an enemy, as inferior in the
quality, as in the number of his forces, were circumstances,
which excited feelings of indignation more easily felt than
described. To see the whole of our men flushed with the
hope of victory, eagerly awaiting the approaching contest,
to see them afterwards dispirited, hopeless, and desponding,
at least 600 shedding tears, because they were not allovied
to meet their country's foe, and to fight their country's bat-
tles, excited sensations, which no American has ever be-
fore had cause to feel, and which, I trust in God, will never
again be felt, while one man remains to defend the stand-
ard of the Union.

I am expressly authorised lo state, that Gol. M' Arthur
and €oI. Findley, and Lieut. Col. Miller, viewed this trans-
action in the light which I do. They know and feel, that
no circumstance in our situation, none in that of the enemy,
can excuse a capitulation so dishonorable and unjustifiable.
This too, is the universal sentiment among the troops; and
I shall be surprised to learn, that there is one man, who
tiiioks it was necessary to sheath his sword, or lay down
Ills musket.

I was informed by Gen. Hull the morning after the ca-
pitulation, that the British forces consisted of 1800 regulars,
and that he surrendered to prevent the efl'usion of human
blood. That he magnified their regular force nearly five
told, there can be no doubt. Whether the philanthropic
reason assigned by him is a sufficient justification for sur-
renjlering a fortified ttwn, an army^ and a territory, is for

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134

lUSTORY OP THE WAR.

the government to determine. Cunfident I am, that iiad Ute
courage and conduct of the General been equal to the
spirit and zeal of the troo|w, the event would have been us
brilliant and successful an it now is disastrous and dishon-
orable.

Very respectfully sir, I have tlie honor to be, &c.

LEWIS CASS.
<CuL 3d. regiment Ohio volunteers.

{fiy the folUnvintf Proclamations H appears that Gen. HuU

surrendered the w/wie of Michigan 'Jerritorif, to Gen.

£ruck, althouffh he has never made puttlic any doc ument

to that effect !]

PROCLAMATION.
By Isaac Brock^ Esq. Majer-Gcneralt commanding Itis ma-
jesty's forces in the province of Upper Canada.

Whereas the Territory of Michigan was this day by
capitulation, ceded to the arms of his Britannic majeslVf
"without any other condition than the protection of private
property ; and wishing* to give an early proof of the mo-
deration and justice of the government, I do hereby an-
nounce to all the inhabitanUi of the said Territory that the
laws heretofore in existence shall continue in force until his
majesty's pleasure be known, or so long as the peace and
safety of the Territory will admit thereof. And I do here-
i)y also declare and make known to the said inhabitants
ihat they shall be protected in the full exercise and enjoy-
ment of their religion ; of which all persons, both civil and
military, will take notice and govern themselves accor-
dingly.

All persons having in their possession, or having any
knowledge of any public property, shall forthwith deliver
in the same, or give notice thereof to the officer comman-
ding, or to Lt. Ccl Nichol, who are hereby authorized to
receive and gi^e proper receipts for the same.

Officers of militia will be held responsible that all arniE
in possession of miiiila-^men be immediately delivered
up ; and all individuals whatever, who have in their pos-
session arms of any kind, will deliver them up without de-
lay. Given under my hand at Detroit, this 16th day of
August, 1812, and in the 52d year of his majesty's reign.

ISAAC BROCK, Major-Gcneral.
J. M'DONJNELL, Lt. Col, Militia & A. D. C.

BJSTOkY OF THK WiJt.

13;^

s acGor-

. A CARD.

Colonel Symires, of Ihe senior division of the Ohio rai-
iitia, preM,'nts hin retipeclful coin|>liBieut<4 to Majur-Giiieral
Brock, con I in audi no: his Britannic inujfialy*9 forces, nhiU
and red in Uppeir Canada.

Colonel Synunes, observing, that l>y the 4th artirle of the
rnpitulation of (^ort Detroit to Major-General Urock, all
public arms niovin|j towards Fort Detroit, are to be deliv-
ered np, but aa no place of dep'>!iit is pointed out liy the capit-
HJation, J'orif/ Ifionsand stand of arms coming within the
description, arc at the service of Major-Cieneral Brock, if
hiii excellency H'ill condescend to come and tukv tluniL

TRIAL OF GENERAL HULL.

Adit' and Inspt. (ren. Office, Washington, AprU 25, 1814,
GENERAL ORDER.

The proceeding of the court martial, in the case of Wm.
Hull, brigadeir- genera! in the army of the U. Stales, hav-
ing been subipitted to the President jf the U. Slates, and
having been approved by him, the following extract there-
from is ordered to be read at the head of each regiment of
the army, and to be published in the National lutelligencer
of this city. By order,

(Signed; J. B. WALBACH, A djl. General. \

At a general court martial (ordered by the President of
ihc U. States) convened at Albany, in the state of N. York,
on the 3d day of January, one thousand eight hundred and
fourteen, and continued by adjournments, to ihe twenty-
fifth day of March following, brigadier-General Wm. Hull,
of the army of the U. States, was tried on the following
charges and specifications, viz :

Charge I. — Charged Gen. Hull with treason against
the II. States, between the 9th of April and 17th, of August^.
one thousand eight hundred and twelve.

Specijication Jirst. — Charged Gen. Hull wiUi hiring an.
nnarnied vessel, to convey his baggnge, and papers, witU
the Declaration of War, his muster rolls, and instructions
from the Secretary of War; fiom the Miami of the Lake to
Detroit, for tlie purpose of falling into the hands of the Bri-
tisii, which they captured the same day. with ail on board ;
and of holding traitorous correspondence with the enemy
on the first day of July, \^V2, while at tbe said Miajoai «?
the Lake,

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HISTORY OP rUK \YAli,

t-i

Specification second. — Charged Gen. Hull, of unuHic
like and traitorous conduc!t, in neglecting; to march Ins
whole army, after he arrived at Sandwich, and tak.«, or
attempt to take fort Maiden ; and finally in connpiriug wilii
our enemies to quit and al)aii(lon the Province of ITpper
Canada on the 8th day of Aii^rust ; and of again holdini;
correspondence with our enemies, and causing the army to
recross the river to Detroit.

Specification third. — Cliurged Gen. Hall of Iraitoronsit
conspiring and shamefully surrendering tbtt Detroit, witji
all the troops public stores, nrms^ and public Documents, on
the loth day of August, 1812, to the British forces.

Charge I L — ('harged Gen. Hull with cowardice, at
and in the neighbourhood of Detroit between the 1st o!
.July, and the 17th of August, 1812. u v\V V u , .

Specification Jirst. — Charged Gen. Hull with misbehav-
iour before the enemy, and shamefully manifesting an tmdue
fear and apprehension ct" danger by a course of conduct
and conversation evincing personal alarm, agitation of
mind, and privation of judgment by hastily abandcnino-
their territory, without any just or suflicient cause whatever.

Specif cation second. — Ciiarged Gen. Hull on the 15lh of
August with personal misbehaviour and fear before the en-
cmv» after they had commenced their cannonade on De-
troit, by a course of conduct, and particularly by various timid
and cowardly actions and expressions used and uttered iu
the presence of the army, as well in the public street of
Detroit, as in posts and batteries near tlu reto.

Specification third. — Charged Gen. Hull on the 15lli of
August, with personal fear and ''owardice, by avoiding all
personal danger, or makint^ an attempt, to prevent the en-
emy's crossing the river, or to prevent their landing by
avoiding all personal danger, from reconnoitering or ciu
countering the enemy on their march towards fort Detroit,
and by hastily sending flags of truce to the enemy with
overtures for capitulation ; by anxiously withdrawing his
person from the American troops to a place of saftHy ; by
forbidding the artillery to tire on the rncmy ; by calling in
thetroops, and crowdir.g them into thefoi t ; by a precipitate
declaration to the enemy that he surrendered, beibre terms
of capitulation were signed, considered, or even suggested.

Specif cation fourth. — Charged (en. Hull, with shame-

HISTORY OP THE WAB.

137

tiillv and cowardly (iiirrrnd< ring n fine nnny» in lii|;h spiriU,
\u!l Mi|>))lie'l with ainmiinilinn, anus, and proviHiuhs, l>y a
Jis<>rnr(;l'ul (upiUtlalion witli the enemy. containin|r no slip*
iilalior< tor the seciirity and protection of such of tiie inhab-
itants of ITpptr Canada, as had j<>ined the American slan-
(l;»i-d ; wliereby the territorial sove^ei^:^ty, righUi, and prop-
erlv, were Hhamefnily ceded to the enemy ; a brave and
nalViolic army wantonly sacriticed to the personal fear of
the conuiir.ndcr, and the service of the LJ. States suft'ered a
Treat and aillicting losA.

Cii^RGB III — Charged Gen. Hull with neglect of duty
:uui nnofficerlike connuet, while commanding a separate
army, between the 9lh of April, and the 17th of August,
18 1 i

Specification First — Charged Gen. Hull with unoflficer-
like conduct, in neglecting and omitting to train, insp<3Ct,
exeicise, and order, the army under his command, where-
by the army W!>s exposed, to the hazard of disorder and de-
teat, in the event of an attack being made thereon by the
onemy.

Specification Second — Charged Gen. Hull w'lh neglect
of duty and unotficerlike conduct, by hiring, or causing to
be hired, an unatuied vessel to convey his baggage and pa-
pers, with his sick .soldiers, and medicine .stores, to Detroit,
from the Miami of the Lake, on which pa.ssage the vessel,
and all on board fell into the hands of the enemy, inform*
iniT him of the declaration of war, and the number, stale,
and condition of the army, to the great injury of the U.
Slates.

Specification Third — Charged Gen. Hull with neglect
of dnly m neglecting to repair fort Detroit, and its arma-
ment, on his arrival, in such a maimer as to be able to repel,
and put to Bight an enemy, in the event of an invasion and
allack.

Specification Fourth — Charged Gen. Hull, with declai-
ing' and avowing an intention to invade the British province,
and to invest and attack fort Maiden, in the said pre 'ince,
and having taken possession of Sandwich, was guilty of
iie<r1ect ofduty, and unoflicerlike conduct, in neglecting
seasonably to repair, and have transported the guns, and
rww carnages, which were neces.sary for the operations of
'hcarmv agauist fort Maiden ; by poslponinsT in the firsV

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HISTORY Oi THE WAK.

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instance, and by abandoning in tlic next, an invci>lm<pntani{
attack npon fort Maiden ; and finally evacuating Uppfv
Canada, without providing etfeclually in any respect, tar
thegafety of the Tnhaf)itflnts thereof, who had accepted hb
invitation to jntn the American standard : and without at~
tempting to accomplish iiis avowed design.

Specification Fijth — (Tharged Gen. Hull, of neglect oi
duty by not keeping open the comnf>unication between
fort Detroit, and a military post at the river Raisin, which
enabled the enemy totally to interrupt, and cut oB'all coin-
municaliouR between said military posts, to the great dis>
advantage of the U. Slates service.

Speeijication Sixth — Charged Gen. Hull, with neglect of
duty, in neglecting and omitting to maintain a bridj^e
over the river Aux-'Cannard, which afforded a fair oppor-
tunity for investing, and attarkirig fort Maiden, whereby a
prospect of a successful investment and attack upon the
fort speedily vanished.

Specification Seventh — Charged Gen. Hull, with neglect
of duly in not erecting batteries at the spring Wells, or pre-
venting the enemy from erecting them on the opposite side
of the river, whereby tl>ey were enabled to annoy fort De-
troit, and to protect their army across the river, and enabled
them to attack fort Detroit without opposition or loss, and
to approach the said fort Detroit with the air and confidence
of triumph.

A.J. DALLAS, Judge Advocate.

January f , 1814. — The court met at the capilol pursuant
to adjournment.

J»RESENr — x4ll the members.
General Hull havintj/ appear sd, the charges and specijicaiiom

were reid to him ly thejttdf/e advocate, and being asked if

he was ready to plead to tliem, answered that lie waSj ami

that he pleaded not guilty to all the charges and specijica'

lions.

' March 25, 1814.

All the evidence being read, (whether on the part of the
(prosecution or the defence,) applicable to the first charge,
and the s^iecifications attached to that charge, and after due
deliberation had thereon, the court express the followinj;
opinion :

HISTORY ot riii: wau.

130

The iicctisrd Jiaviv'i^ in \i\n Hnnl
niruiiiiit the juri.silictiou o( tlie roiui to

<lt?fi'nCf, firotestffl
try tlie cbar^r t»f
tieaso:!, uikI tlie o|iiiiioi) ut Ute conrt bc'iii^, that Uie objec-
tion wo, lid have been leiiabli-« it the tiumbiiati l>eeii pletuled
()V the accUM.'d on ins airaigiiineiit ; and btilievinti^ also, that
till' conrl caiinut acquire junsditiiou of.tlie oH'ence by the
\\A\er ur co ,iseut uf iiie accused, ihey decbne Diakin^ any
turiiial decision Jiithat'Cbar^e. The evidence on Lhe sub-
ject havin^if, however, been ^)ubhciy given, tlie court deem
it proper, hi justice to the atrcused, to lay, that they do not
believe from any Ihin^ that has appeared before them, that
brigadier-general William Hull iias £uimuitbeud tceasou
against the U. StateH.

On the second charge, and the specifications atltached te
that charge, (after .hearing all the evidence and defence,
and iiftcr due deliberation thereon,) the court find briga-
dier-general William Hull guilty of the Jirst, second and
fourth specifications under that charge ; and also guilty of
the third specification under that charge, except that paii
\vhich charges the s$iid brtgadier-geiieral William Hull
will) ** forbidding the American ar.tillery to fire on the
enemy on their miH'Ch towards the said fort Detroit/'

The courtiind the said brigadier-general William Hull
guilty of the second charge.

Qn the third charge, the court after having heard the
evidence, (as well as the defence^ and after due delibera*
tion, find the said brigadier-gtfiieral William Hull guilty
of neglect of duty, and unofiicer-like conduct, as charged
in the first jipecificatipn under this charge, in omitting, with
sufficient c^.re and frequency, to inspect, train, exercise, and
order, and to cause to be trained, inspected, exercised and
ordered the troops under his command, from the b'xth day
of July, until the seventeenth day of August, 1812: and
acquit him of the residue of Uie charge contained in that
gpecificatiofi.

The court acquit the said brigadier-general William
Hull of the second and third specifications of the same
charge.

The court find the said brigadier-general William Hull
guilty of the whole of the fourth specification of that charge,
except that part which charges him with not seasonably re-
pairing, fitting, and transporting, or cau:>ing to be fitted, re-

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HISTORY Of TUK MAR.

pnired, nnil transported, llie ptnis and gi\ri-cnrriajif« s wliith
were necessary to the operaliuiis ot the Mur in the suul
British province ot* Upper CunHdn.

The court tind the Mtiid l>ri^^ndier-|[roneral Williuni HjII
gudty ufso nnich of the fit'tli Npccitication to that chari>;e a.s
relates to neglect of duty nnd unoHicer-like condnci, ut
suH'erin^ his coiiununication with the river Kaisni and the
slate ot Ohio, to be cut off, and henduig; major Van lluru
to attempt to open the same with an adequate force ; lie
the SHid brigadier-geneiml William Hull, having reason to
know or believe the same was in&iulHcient ; and the court
acquit him of the residue of that specification.

The court find the said brigadier-general William Hull
guiity of the sixth and seventh specifications of tir.tt charge,

The court find the said brigadier general William Hull
guilty of the third charge.

The court then adjourned to meet to-morrow morning :;i
10 o'clock. I . :- . " • . * >

March 2G,iS\4

The court met pursuant to adjournment.

PRESENT — All the members.

The court, in consequence of their determination respec-
ting the second and third charges, and the specifications
under these charges, exhibited against the said brigadier-
general William Hull, and after due consideration, do
sentence htm to be shot to deaths two tliirds of the court
coijcurring in the sentence.

The court, in consideration of brigadier-general Hull's
revolutionary services, and his advanced age, earnestly re-
commend him to the mercy of the President of the U Stales.

The court then adjourned to meet on Monday morning
next, at 10 o'clock

i¥arc/t 28, 1814. — The court met pursuant to adjourn-
men.t — pkksen i — Ail the mfmbera.

The proceedings having been read over, and approved
and signed by the President, the court then adjourned, sine
die. H . DE A K BOEN. President of the court.

M. V. IWIX^^, special judye adxGcale.
PHILIPS PARKER, Anny judge advocate, assistant.
April 2o, 1814 — The sentence of the Court is approved^
and the execution of it remilled.

JAMES MADISON.

HISTORY OF THE U'AK.

141

liv (Vircclions ot llje r(»nil nuirMnl thf Pre«ii«lciil ufavo ihe
lollt'Winpf dirertionn loCieniTnl liiiM :

Albauj/i March'lH, IHM. Sir — Yon will pit-ase irhini
10 voiir iisuiil |)lrtfi' ol" reMitlt* iu*e in Msissju'lmsclls, a. id
llierc coiilimie until , on shall rective order?* from Ihe Pr*--
si(lciilofllieLInile<' Stiiiew. ^>

Yonrhumbh; Hfrvant,
IJ. DF.AHBORN, President of the conrl martial.
Atljl. and Inap. (ti'ncral'n^iffice, WusliirifjUm /l/n*. 25, 18M.

Gfiif KRAL ORDERS 1 he roll of the army is not to hir
longer dishonored hy having' upon it the name of brigadier
(leileral Wdliam Hull. '"

The general court aiarlial of which Major- Genera!
Oearhorn is President, is hereby dissolved. By order,

.1. B. WALBACH, Adjl. Gen.

•V t

PORTER S VICTORY.

Ckipt. Ferler to the Secretary oj the Navt/.

U. S. F. Essex at sea. August 17, 1312.

SIR — I have the honor to inform you that on the 1 3th
jnst. his Britannic majesty's sloop of war Alert, Capt. T. P.
Laugharne, ran down on our wetiiher quarter, gave three
cheers, and commenced an action (If so trifling a skirmish
deserves the name) and after 8 mmutes firing struck her
colors, with 7 feet water in her hold, and much cut to pieces,
und three men wounded.

I need uot inform vou that the- officers and crew of the
Essex behaved as 1 trust all Americans will in such cases,
and it is only to be regretted ihat so much zeal and activi-
ty could not have been displayed on an occasion which
would have done them more honor. The Essex has not re-
ceived the slightest injury.

The Alert was out for the purpose of taking the Hornet!

I have ihe honor to be, &c.

DAVID PORTER.
Capt. Porter to the Secretary of the Navy.

!• IT. S. F. Essex, at sea, August 20.

SIR — Finding myself much embarrassed by the Alert,
from the great number of prisoners we have already made,
[about .300] I concluded that before our arrival in America,
the number would be considerably augmented, and as soon
:!» T found my provisions and water getting short, «nd be-

142

HISTORY OF THE UAH.

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ing well Hatifified that a plan had hceii organized by them f«>r
rising on the ship in the event of un eii^ugemenl ; I cunfliiU
ered li to be the interest of my country to get clear of tlicm
as speedily ns o'^ssible, particularly uh I was well assured
that immuliately on tlieir arrival in St. o!oiin§ an etjual
number of my countrymen would he released and And a
fiure and immediate conveyance. I therefo4'e diew up
"writteo stipulations corresponding^ with the accompanying
letters ; 4hrew all the ^uns of the Alert overboai'd ; wilb-
drew from her all the men belonging to tl»e Essex ; a|)-
pointed Lieut. J. P. Wilner to command \wr as a cartel,
put all my prisoners on board of her, ai»d dispatched her
lor St. .lohns, in Newfoundland, with orders to proceed
from thence to New- York with such Americans as he may
receive in exchange.

At a more suitable opportunity I shall do myself the
honor to lay before you copies of every paper relative to
this transaction, 9 10 sincerely hope that my conduct in tiiiti
affair may meet with your approbation.

As the Essex has been so annoying about Bermuda, No-
va Scotia, and Newfoundland, I expect I shall have toruQ
the gauntlet through their cruisers ; you may however rest
assured that all a ship of her size can do shall be done, and
:whatever may be our fate, our countrymen sl^aLl never
blush for us. ; ' ,

I have the honor to be, &c.

D. PORTER.

Capt Taylor to Gen. Harrison.

Fort Harrison, Sept. 10, 1812.
Dear Sir — On Thursday evening, the 3d inst after re-p
treat beating, four guns were heard to tire in the direction
(where two young men (citizens who resided here) were
making hay, about 40() yards distant from the fort. I was
immediatelFy impressed with an idea that they were killed
by the Indians, as I had that day been informed that the
Prophet's party would soon be here for the purpose of com-
mencing hostilities. Prudence induced me to wait until
8 o'clock the next morning, when I sent out a corporal with
a small party to tind them, which he soon did; they had
been each shot with two balls, and scalped and cut in the
i>iiost shocking manner. I had them brought in and burie^.

HISTORY or THE WAR.

14;)

jn the evenings of the 4th iimt. old Joseph Lenar, and l>e-
iwecii 30 and 40 Indians arrived from \Uv Prophei'i? town,
with a white fla^ ; among whom were ahuut ten women :
the men were composed of chiefs of the different tnbet
ih»t compose the Prophtt's party. A Hhawanoe man, that
Mnokcji^ond English, informed me that old Lenar intended to
speak to me next morni ig, and try to get something toeal.
A* retreat beating, 1 examined the men's arms, and found
tliem all in good order, »nd completed tlieir cartridges to
]{) rounds per man. As I had not been able to mount a
•ruiird of more than six privates and two non-cummissioned
oiheers, for some time past, and sometimes part of tlieui
every other day, from the unhealthineso of the company ; I
had not conceived my force adequate for the defence of
lliis post, should it be vigorously attacked. 1 had just re-
covered from a very severe attack of tho fever, and was
nut able to be up much through the night. After tattoo I
cautioned the guard to be vigilant, and ordered one of the
non-commissioned officers, as centinels could not see every
part of the garrison, to walk around on the inside during
the whole night, to prevent the Indians taking any advan-
tage of us, provided they had any intention of attacking us.
About 11 o'clock, I was awakened by the tiring of one of
the centinels; 1 sprang up, run out, and ordered the men
to their posts ; when my orderly sergeant (who had charge
of the upper block house) called out that the Indians had
tired the lower block house (which contained the property
ut* the contractor, which was deposited in the lower part,
the upper part having been assigned to a corporal and ten
privates, as an alarm post.) The guns had begun to fire
prelty smartly from both sides. 1 directed the buckets to
be got ready, and water brought from the well, and the fire
extinguished immediately, as it was hardly perceivable at
that time ; but from debility or some other cause, the men
were very slow in executing my orders — the word^Ve ap-
peared to throw the whole of them into confusion ; and by
the time they had got the water, and broken open the door,
the tire had unfortunately communicated to a quantity of
whiskey (the stock having licked several holes through the
lower pvu't of the building, after the salt that was stored
there, through which they had introduced the tire without
being discovered, as the night was very <lavk.) and in spite

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IIISTOftV or TETE WAR.

of every exerlion we cnuM make use of, in \p%% llian a mo-
ineiii il ascencliMl lo the roof und liiitHed hIi our etforls to e\.
tiii|(ui8li it. As that Mock lioiisi- aiijoiMeil th<^ Imrr.iclvi
that make part of tho fortiHrationn, mont of tho men uiinie-
diatiily (^nve themnelveH up for lost, and I had the (rreatcst
ditiiruUy in |^ettiii|^ iiny ot'my otders exeonted - and, Nir,
what from the ratfintr of the firo — the yelling' and howlinfj
of several hundred Indians — Iho cries of nine women aiHi
children ^a part soldiers' and a part citizens wives, who had
taken shelter m the fort) — and the despoHdini^ of so many
of the men, which was worse than all, I can assure you Ihal
my feeling's were very unpleasant; and indeed there were
not more than 10 or Id men able to do n jy^reat deal, the
others heinj; either sick or convalescent — and to add to our
other misfortunes, two of the stoutest men in the fort, and
that I had every confidence iii,jiim[)ed the picket and left
us. But my presence of mind did not for a moment for-
sake me. I saw, by throwing" off part of the roof that join-
ed the block house that was on tire, and keeping the end
perfectly wet, the whole row of buildings mi^ht be saved,
and leave only an entrance of 18 or 20 feet for the Indiana
to enter after the house \a as consumed ; and that a tempo-
rary breast-work mij^ht be erected to ]»revent their even
entering^ there. I convinced the men that this could be
accomplished, and it appeared to inspire them with new
life, and never did men act with more iirmness and despe-
ration. Those that were abie (while the others kept up a
constant fire from the »)ther block house, and the two bas-
tions) mounted the roofs of the houses with Dr. Clark at
their head, who acted with the j^reatest firmness and pre-
sence of mind, the whole time the attack lasted, which was
7 hours, under a shower of bullets, and in a moment threw
off as much of the roof as was necessary. This was done
only with the loss of one man, and two wounded, and 1 am
in hopes neither of them dangerous. — The man that wns
killed was a little deranged, and did not gel off the house
as soon as directed, or he would not have been hurt; and
although the barracks were several times in a blaze, and
an immense quantity of fire ag'ainst them, the men used
such exertions that they kept it under, and before day
raised a temporary breasl-woik as high as a man's head;
although the Indians continued to pour in a heavy fire oi

UISTORY OF THE WAR.

146

ball.nnd an iniiumeralile <|iiai)tity of arrows, duriuf*' the
uliole liiiU'llit-atUrk lahted. I liaii Imtoiii' oilier iiiaii kilU
«il inside the fort, and \w losl U\h life l>y liciiii; loo uiixious ;
Ije •j^ot into one of the gallics of lliu bastion . and tired over
tilt; pirkelH, and called ouU«> his com raden that he had kill-
cil an Indian, and neij^lcetin^ to mIooi) down, in an nifitant
he was hhol dead. One of the men that jum[»ed the pirk-
t Is, returned an hour before day* uud runninjj^ up towards
the tjale, bej^u^fed for God's sake for it to be opened. I
!sus|)ecled it to be u »trala<jfem of the Indians to ij^et in, as
I did not recollect the voice — I directed the men in the
b.islion, where I happened to be, to shool him let him be
ulio he would, and one of them tired at him, but fortunately
lie run up to the oilier baslion, where they knew bis voice,
ujid Dr. Clark directed him to lie down close to the pick-
(Is behind and empty barrel that happened to be ihei-'j, and
at (lay li^ht I had him let in. His arm was broken in a
most shocking manner, which he says was done by the In-
dians — which I suppose was the cause of his returning — I
think it probable that he wdl not recover. The other, they
raug'ht about 120 yards from the garrison, and cut him all
to pieces. After keeping up a constant tire until about six
o'clock the next morning, which we returned with some
effect ; after day light, they removed out of the reach of
our guns. A party of them drove up the horses that be-
longed to the citizens here, and as they could not catch
Iheiiivery readily, shot the whole of ihem in our sight, as
well as a number of their hogs. They drove off the whole
ot Die cattle, which amounted to sixty-tive head, as well as
the public oxen. I had the vacancy titled up before night,
(which was made by the burning of the block house) with
a strong row of pickets, which 1 got by pulling down the
j;uard house. We lost the whole of our provisions, but
must make out to live upon green corn until we can get a
supply, which I am in hopes will not be long. I believe
the whole of the Miamies, or Weas, were among the
Prophet's party, as one chief gave his orders in that lan-
guage, which resembled Stone Eater's voice, and I believe
Negro Legs was there likewise. The Indians suffered
Muartlv, but were so immerous as to lake ofi' all that were
shot.

Z. TAYLOR
19

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Cepy of a letter from Major Thomas S. Jessnp and Jmine.i

Taylor Q. M, Gen. iV. U'. Army to a gentleman in

Washington City, dated

Chilicothe, (Ohio) Oct. 7. 18)2.

Sir— Your letter has been rt'ceived, requesting' from us
a corroboration of Co!. Cass's statement to the Secretarv ot
War, of the surrender of the north-western army. We
have read the Colonel's statement with attention, and find
it a pretty correct history cf our situation, althongh we
have observed that some important facts have been omilled.
We have also read and examined the oftk-ial report of
Gen. Hull, and huve found it abounding with iiiaccnracieg
and niisstuteaientR ; the General has not only underrated
his own force, but has, in our opinicHi, magnihed nitiMJtely
that of the enemy, and enuoierated danglers aiid dilHcullies
that existed only in imagination.

That the lueani^ within our power were not properly
applied is a melancholy fact ; and that the army was uiu e-
cessarily sacrificed, and the American arms disgraced
none but the base and cowardly will atempt to deny.

You are authorised to make what use you may think
proper of this letter.

We are with much respect, 8ic.

THOMAS S. JESSUK
"^ Brigade 31a for N. IK Army.

JAMES TAYLOii
Q.3J.aen.N. W. Army.

;.■}■■

Shirmishing — Capt. Williams, on the 30th of August,
with '21 men, antl two waggons, while proceeding from
St. Mary's to St. John's river, was attacked by an ambiis-
caduisp pai'ty of Indians, who killed one man and wounded
six, including Capt. Williams, who received seven wounds;
three through one hand, and four in one leg. — He effected
a retreat about 200 yar^ls to a swamp, where he made u
stand, and fought until all the ammunition was expended
on both sides, when the Indians made an attempt with
their tomahawks, which this little band soon put a stop to,
by charging bayonel, and rushing on them. The Indians
destroyed one waggon and took the other to carry off their
killed and wounded. Capt. Willinms then proceeded to
St. John*s with his well and wounded, excepting one man,

HISTORY OK THE WAR.

147

wilio was not able to travel. The next day a party of In-
(liaii!» reiuriied to the spul, wlieii the wuiiiided man roHeup
:\s well as he cuuh), and called U|)Qii hi^ party to rush iip^n
thf> Indians, which Ntarlled ihein in Miich a manner that one
(jl'tliem «i|iriiiijj^ tVoiii hi8 liorsie, which tlui wounded man
cuuij'ht and arrived safe at St. John's.

Capl. Forsyth, with 70 of his rifle company* and 34 mili-
tia volunteers, on the night ot the 20tU September, 1812,
wHit over to a small village called Gananoque in the town
ot L''eds from Cape Vincent, for the {Mirpose of detitroy-
iiig- the kin^s store house at Itiat place They lauded un-
observed, but were soon discovered by a party of regulars
of about 120, and tired upon. — Capt. Forsyth returned the
fire w ith such spirit, that the enemy were obliged to retreat
to Ihe village, where they were reiid'orced by a uuraber of
niilitia, and again rallied, i^iit finding the contest too san-
guii>e, retreated the second time in disorder, leaving 10 kill-
ed and 8 re^rulars and a number of militia prisoners :
Ca;jtuin Forvyth had only one man killed and one
slii^htly woufided. After destroying the store house,
with a quantity of flour and pork, our little bnjid of
heroes, returned to Cape Vincent, taking with them the
prisoners, 60 stand of arms, two barrels of tixed ammuni-
tion, one barrel of powder, one barrel of flints, and a quan>
tity of other ])ul;iic property taken from the store-house.

On the '1th of October, alxxit iorty Britisli boats escorted
hy two gun boats, pttemptei' to pass from Johnstown to
Pnscott, by Ogdensburg. — On their leaving Johnstown,
the batteries at Prescott opened on Ogdensburg, and kept
up a brisk Are, whi?.h was returned in a spirited manner,
and continued two hours. The next morning the enemy
cummenced a heavy cannonade on us from Prescott, which
was continued with little intermisa»u)iiftlu'OUgh the day with>
out any return from us ; General Brown considered it use-
less to lire such a distance. The enemy was very busy
during the day in (preparing for an attack on Ogdensburg*^
tile next morning about 10 o'clock* 25 boats, aided by twa
X^\n boats moved up the river tlH'ee quarters of a mile^
when they tacked and stood i^ver for our i^ore. As soon
as the boats changed their course, the batteries from Pres-
cott opened their fire upon us, which was not answered till

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HISTORY OF IIIK IV A K.

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the boalH had ndvanced to nhniit the middle of liie rivf r,
when our batteries commenced a tremendous fire up«Mi
them, which destroyed three, and caused the remainder to
aeek shelter under the batteries ol Prescoll. CoU. Lelhtid-jt
and BrecL?nridge, led the British. There was no- unti
man either killed or wounded on our side, whilst the c-
emy lost twelve killed and twenty wounded.

Affair ai St. Regis. — Major Young^.of the Troy, N. Y.
mibtia, stationed at French Mills, on the St. Regis river,
having received intelligence that a party of the enemy had
arrived at, and taken possession of St. Regis village, niaroli-
ed a detachment, on the night of the 21st October, which
crossed the river about 3 oV'lock, and arrived within half a
mile of the village by 5 in the morning, unobserved by the
enemy. Here the Major made such a judicious disposi-
tion of his force, that the enemy were entirely surrounded,
v/hen a few discharges caused them to surrender, after hav-
ing 5 killed, ami several wounded. — The result of this af-
fair was forty prisoners, with their arms, equipments, -Sec
one stand of colors, and two batteaux, without having one
man hurt, or our side.

Major Young had the honor of taking the iirst litandard
from the f^nemy in the present war.

Captain Elliot to the Secretary of the Navy.

Black Rock, Oct. y, 1812.
SIR — I have the honor to inform you that on the morn-
ing of the Stninst. two British vessels, which I was^inform-
ed were his Britannic majest)f*s brig Detroit, late the U.
Slates brig Adams, and the brig Hunter, mounting 14
guns, but which afterwards proved to be the brig Caledo-
nia, both said to be well armed and manned, came down
the Lake and anchored under the protection of Fort Erie.
Having been on the lines for sometime and in a measure
inactively employed, I determined to make an attack, and
if possible to get possession of them. A strong inducement
to this attempt arose from a conviction that with these two
vessels added Ip those which I have purchased and am tit-
ting out, I should be able to meet the remainder of the Bri-
tish force on the Upper Lakes, and save an incalculable ex-
pense and labor to the government. On the morning of
Iheir arrival I heard that our seamen were but a short dis^

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

149

utnce from lliis place, nnd immediately dispatched nn Ex-
iiress to the utHcers, directing lheii> to nSe all potisible dis-
iv.ttch i'l j^etting their men to ihis place, as I had important
^et \ ice to perform. On their arrival, which >vas about
1*2 o'clock I diKcovered that they had only 20 pisiolii and
nfttiicr ciitlasHes nor battle axcM. But on application to
Generals Smith and Flail of the rcgulaiv and militia, 1 was
siijiiilied w1lha few arms, and iiCn. Smith was agood on
niv reipiest as immediately to detatch tifty men from the reg-
ulars, armed with muikets. .J'*" ; f /.(.r*/
By 1 o'clock in the afternoon, I had my men selected
and stationed in two boats, which I had previously prepared
(or the purpose. With these boats, 6(1 men in each, and
under circumstances very disadvantageous, my men having
scarcely had time to refresh themselves after a fatiguing*
march of 500 miles, I put off from the mouth of Buffalo
creek, at 1 o'clock the following mcrning, and at 3 I was
along side the vessels. In the space of about ten minutes I
had the prisoners all secured, the topsails sheeted home, and
the vessels under way. Unfortunately the wind was not
iufficientiy strong to get me up af^ainst a rapid current into
the Lake, whei-e i had understood another armed vessel lay
at anchor, and I was obliged to run down the river by the
Forts, under a heavy fire of round, grape, and canister, from
a number of pieces of heavy ordnance, and several pieces
of Hying artillery and compelled to anchor at a distance of
about 400 yards from two of their batteries. Afler the dis-
ciiai ge of the first gun, which was from the flying artillery,
1 hailed the shore, and observed to the officer, that if another
i;un was fired 1 would bring the prisoners on deck, and ex-
pose them to the same fate we would all share — but notwith-
8tancling,they disregarded the caution and continued a
constant and destructive tire. One single moment's reflec-
tion determined me not to commit an act tliat -would subject
me to the imputation ci barbarity. The Caledonia had
been beached, in as safe a position as the circumstances
would admit of, under one of our batteries at the Biack
Rock. I now brought all the guns of the Detroit on one
side next the enemy, stationed the men at them, and direct-
ed afire which was continued as long as our ammunition
lasted and circumstances permitted. During the contest I
endeavored to gel the Detroit on our side by seoding a

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niSTURY or THEWAIl.

line, there iieiiic^ no wind, on shore, wilh all the line I coutd
inutitor ; but the current bein^ so Ntrong, the IkxiI cuuld
not rencb the Ahore. 1 then hailed our shore, and requeHl.
ed that warptt should be made last on Innd, and sent ou
bo^rdftlie attempt to all which attain proved Uselesn. Aii
the lire was stich a» would, in all {>robability, sink the ves.
»el in u short time, I determined to drift down the river out
of the reach of the batteries, and make a stand against ih^
%ing artillery, (accordingly cut tlie cable, made suii
I \ with very light airs, and at that instant discovered that tho

I' f pilot had abandoned me. I dropped astern for about 10

tninutes, when I was brought up on our shore on Scjuaw
Island — got the boarding boat ready, had the prisoners
put in and ttent m\ shore, with directions for tlie officer to
return for me stnd what property we could get frum the
brig. He di<i not return, owing to the difliculty in Ihe
boat's getting on shore. Discovering a. skiff under the
Counter, I put the four remaining prisoners in the boat, and
with my officers I went or. shore to bring the boat oti'. I
asked for protection to the brig of Lieut. Col. Scott who
,, „. readily gave it. At this moment 1 discovered a boat wilh

I III! !! I if »bout 40 soldiers from the British side, making for the brig.

They got on board, but were soon compelled to abandon
her, with the loss of nearly all their men. Major Ormsbee,
commatidant of Fort Erie, and '60 privates were killed^
while on board. During the wliole of this morning both
sides of the river kept up alternately a <^ontinual fire on the
brig, and so much injured her that it was impossible to have
floated her. Before I left her, she had several shot of large
si/.e in her bends, hersaiis iu ribbons, and digging all cut
to pieces, >. '.-, - .;■

To my officers and men I feel under great obligation.
To Capt. Tovvsoii and Lieut. Roach of the 2d regiment, ot
artillery, Ensign Preslman of the infantry, Cnpt. Chapin,
Mr. John M'Comb, Messrs. John Town, Thomas Dain,
PeterOverstocks, and James Sloan, resident gentlemen ol
Buffalo, for their soldier and sailor like conduct. In a
word, sir, every man fought as if with their hearts animated
only by tlie interest and honor of their country.

The prisoners I have turned over to the military. The
Detroit mounted fourteen long guns, and two small guns,
blunderbusses, pistols, muskets, cutlasses, and boardiog
pikrs

HISTORY QW THE WAR.

The Caledonia beloiigdlo Uie N. W. Company, loaded
with furs worth 1 undc-rstooil 82<N>,0<)0. -

I have tho honor to he, Sec. '

JESSED. ELLIOT.

•.'*'•"■■ AMERICAN LOS9. '<*•

Killed 2 — wounded 0. ' ' '»";

BKITISII LOSS. "'

• - Killedai— Prisoners 111.

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Extract of a h Her from Capt. HeaUlt ' ' •*

Dated Pitthburg, Oct. 23, 1812.
On ihe 9th of Au&rust last, I received orders from G»n^
Hull to evacuate the post and proceed with nmy command
to Detroit by land, leavinsf it at my discretion to dispose
of the pul-iic property as I thought projier. The neifrhbor-
ing Indians got the information as early as I Jid, and came
in trom all quarters in order to receive tlin goods in the
factory store which ihey understood were to be given them.
On the 13th, Cnpt. Wells, of fort Wayne, arrived with
about 30 Miamies, for the purpose of escorting us in, by
the request of General Hnll. On the I4lh I deliveped the
Indians all the goods in the factory store, and n consider-
able quantity of provisions which we could not take away
with us. The surplus, '^nd ammunition I thought proper
to destroy, fearing they would make bad use of it if put in
their possession. I also destroyed all the liquor on hand
soon after they began to collect. The collection was ur-
usually large for that place, bnt they conducted with the
strictest propriety till alter 1 left the fort. On the l«5th, at
9 in the morning, we eommenceii onr march ; a part of
the Miamies were df^tached in front and Ihe remainder in
oar rear, as guards, under the direction of Capt. -Wells.
The situation of the country rendered it necessary for us4o
take the beach, with the lake on our left, and a high sand
bank on our right, at about 100 vards distance. We had
proceeded about a mile and a half, when it was discovered
that the Indians were preparing to attack us from behind
the bank. I inmiediately marched up with the company
to the top of the bank, when the action commenced ; ultei'
firing one round, we charged, and the Indians gav*: way
in front and joined those on our flanks. In about 15 min-
utes they got possession of all our horses, provisions, and

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B13XOBY OF THE WAB.

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baggage of every description, and finding the ATiauii>s
did not assist uh, I drew off the men I had left and touk
possession of a small elevation in the open prairie out of
snot of the bank or any other cover. The Indians did not
follow me, but assembled in a body on the top of the bank,
and, after some consuU-adon among themselves, made
signs for me to approach them. I advanced towards thcno
alone and was met by one of the Potawattamie chiefs caU
led the Black Bird, with an interpreter. After shaking'
ha'ids,he requested me to surrender, promising to spare the
lives of all the prisoners. On a few moments considera-
tion, I concluded it would be most prudeitt to comply with
his request, although I did not put entire confidence in his
promise. After delivering up our arms, we were takeii
back to their encampment near the fort, and distrii>uted
among the different tribes. The next morning the^ set
lire to the fort and left the place, taking the prisoners with
them. Their number of warriors was biiween four and
live hundred, mostly of the Potawattamie nation, and their
loss, from the best information I could get, was about 15.
Our strength was 54 regulars and 12 militia, out of which
26 regulars, and all the militia were killed in the action,
"with two women and twelve children. Ensign George
Ronan, and Dr. Isaac V, Van Vojrhis of my company,
"With Capt. Wells of fort Wayne, are to my great sorrow,
numbered among the dead. Lieut. Lina T. Helm, with
25 non-commisioned officers and privates, and 11 women
and children, were prisoners when we were separated.
Mrs. Heald and myself were taken to the mouth of the riv-
er St. Joseph, and, being both badly wounded, were per-
mitted to reside with Mr. Burnet, an Indian trader. In x
few days after oi'r arrival there, the Indians all went otii'lo
take fort Wayne, and in their nbsense 1 engaged a French-
man to take us to Michilimackinac by water, where I gave
myself up as a prisoner of m ar, with one of my sergeants.
The commanding officer, Capt. Hoberts, offered me every
assistance in his power to render our situation comfortable
while we remained there, and to enable us to proceed on
oi,r journey. To him I gave my parole of honor and
came on to Detroit and reported myself to Col. Proctor,
V'ho gave us a passage to Bufl'aloe -, from that place 1 cauie
^y the way of Presque Isle and arrived here yesterday.

HISTORY OP THB WAR.

16a

f Alter fftym Mr. S. T. Amlersim enclosing one from Com,

Chauncey to the ^Secrefaiyof the Savij. "^'

Sackett's Harbor, Nov. 13, IHI2.— -at nicrht. i

SIP— *iiue the enclosed leller from the Cominoilore
yfiMi written, tlie Growler has relumed with a prize, nrrl ii
her Caplaiii Brock, brother to the late General of fh.it
name, with the bagafa'ge of the latter. By the prize we
Kanied that the l^^ari Moira wasofi'the False Ducks, and
the Commodore hi>*i put oti' in a snow storm in the hope
of cutting hT oti' from Kingston.

From information rece.ved from Capt. Brock, there is
no question but that Kingston is very strong'y detended.
He expressed surprise to tindour vessels had got out of the
harbor after having been it ; and says that the regiment to
which he belongs is quartered there, 500 strong, besides
otiier regulars, and a well appointed militia. The resis-
tance m''*ue fully justifies this report. Be aNSured,sir, that
in the action of which the Commodore has gi\en you aa
account, the national honor has been most ably supported.
In great haste, &c.

IbAMUEL T. ANDERSON.
Com. Chauncey to the Secretory of the A«t«/.

" Sackett's Harbor, Nov. 13, 1812.

SIR — 1 arrived here la^t evening in a gale of wind, the
pilots having refused to keep the lake. On the Gth I fell
in with the Royal George, and chased her into the bay of
Quaiili, where I lost sight ot her in the night. On the
niuriiing of the 9lh, we again got sight of her lymg in
Kingston channel. We gave chase, and followed her in-
to the harbor of Kingston, where we engaged her a^id the
batteries for one hour and 45 minutes. I had made up uiy
mind to board her, but she was so well protected by the
batteries, and the wind blowing directly ii, it was deemed
imprudent to make the attempt at that time ; the pilots al-
so refused to take charge of the vessel. Under these
circumstances, and it being after sun down, I determiiicd
to haul off and renew the attack next morning We brut
up in good order under a heavy tire from the Royal Geurge
and batteries, to 4 mile point, wh^re we anchored. It
blew heavy in squalls from the wistward during the niti;ht,
and there was every appearance of a gaieofwind. The
pilots became alarmed, and I thought it most prudent to

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IIISTOIIY OP TIIK WAR.

get into a place of mow safely. 1 llurcforo (very relm-
ianlly) (leteried renewiiif^ the aUuek upon the ships and
forts until a more favoraliie opportunily.

In our passage throu^^h the bn) ot Uiumti, 1 discov« n d
a schooner at the village of Arnnnirsiown, which we took
possession of, hnt tintlin^she v^uuld detain ns (beiii^r thiu
in chase of the Royal (jeorije) I onlered Lieut. Maeplar-
son to take out her sails aid ri|i[<;in{r ,\\u\ \n\n\ her, wttich
he did. We also took Ihe schooiirr iVInry, Hall, from Ni-
agarn, at the mouth of Kiii<rstoii harbor, and look her wiili
us to our anchoraji^e. The next niorniniL;', tinding that sIk
could not beat throusrh the chaitnel with us, I ordered the
sajling master of the Growler to take her under convoy and
run down past Knighton, anchor on the east end of Louj;
Island, and v jil for a wind to come up on the cast side. I
"Was also in hopes that the Uoyal George mii^ht be induced
to follow for the purpo^e ot retaking our prize, but her com-
maiider was too well aware of the consequences to leave
his moorings.

We lost in this aftair one man killed, and three slightly
wounded, with a few shot in our sails. The other ve.^stds
lost no men and received but little injury in their hulls and
sails, with the exception of the Pert, whose gun bursled in
the early part of the action, and wounded her coiiunaiuler
(sailing- master Arundel) badly, and a midshipman and
three men slightly. Mr. Arut.del, who refused lo quit the
deck although wounded, was knocked overboard in bt'ul-
ing up to our anchorage, and, I am sorry to say, wus
drowned.

The Royal George must liav^ received very considera-
ble injury in her hull and in men, as the gun vessels with a
long 32 pounder were seen to strike her almost every shot.
and it was observed that she was reinforced with troops fuur
diflerent times during the action.

It was thought by all the officers in the squadron that
the enemy had more than thirty guns mounted at Kingston,
and from 1000 to 1,300 men. The Royal George protect-
ed by this force was driven into the inner harbor, under the
protection of the musketry, by the Oneida, and fonr small
schooners titled out as gun boats ; the Governor Tompkins
not having been able to join in the action until about sun-

HISTORY OP THE WAH.

Juwn, owin(]^ loUie lt<r|ilneHA of the wiiuld, and tlic Prri'f
a^uii liavinji Imrsl the Micoiulor lliini sliol. • "«"t » ' »
I ha\o tlie honor lo Ue, \c. ^*

ISAAC CHAUNCEV.

ii..r,

6'eii, Van Rmttselaer to llw Secretary r>f War.

I J. U- Lkuistown, Chiober 14, 181*2.

SIR — As the niovemeiils v\ the Jirni) unilt^r my com-
av.iiul. siiict I had the iioiior lo acldrcKs yon on the 8th inst.
hiive l)cen of a very important rharact«r, producing con-
sf(|iUMK'ei; serious to nr:iiiy individunis ; t'Ktabiishiiig farts
;u luuily connected with the interest of the service p.nd safe-
ly uf the army ; and as [ stand prominesitly responsible for
some oi'thtise consequences, I he^ leave to explain to you,
sir, uud ihroui^h you to my country, the situation and cir-
riinstuiices ni v.hich I have had to act, and the reasons and
motives which <^overned me; and if the result is not all
that luight have been wished, it is such, that when the
wliolo ground shad be viewed, 1 shall cheerfully sul?:nit to
tlii judg-ment of my country. ' '' • ii'" f>

111 my letter of the 8th inst. I apprized you that a crisis
in this camjiaign was rapidly advancing; ; and that (to re-
jM-'ui llie same vvordsj * the blow must be soon ttruchj or all
the toil and expcnce of the campaign tjo for nothiwj ; and
worse titan notliintj, for tlie whole will be tinjed mth
dishonor,* i . ' f *ju

Under such impressions, I had on the 5h inst. written
to Brigadier-General Smyth, of the U. Stat*;s' forces re-
questing an interview with him, MajorrGenei*a'. Hall, and
the commandants of the (J. States' regiments, for the pur-
pose of conferring upon the subject of future operations.
I wrote Major-General Hall to the same purport. On the
nth, i had received no answer from Gen. Smyth ; but in a
note to me on the 10th, Gen. Hall mentioned that Gen.
Smyth had not yet then agreed upon t^ny day fur consuUa*
tiun.

in the mean time, the partial success of Lieut. Elliot, at
Black Rock, (of which however, I have received no official
information) began to excite a strong disposition in the troopi
»o act. This was expressed to me through various chan-
nels in the shape of an alternative ; that they must have
ndei's to act ; or at all hazards, they would go hqme. 1

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HISTORY or THB WAB.

forbear here coinmeiitinjf upon the oliviouR connequenreii
tome I ersonul ^, ofloiiger withhuldiiig my ordem under
such circuiiiMUuioeM.

I had n ronti'reiicc with nfvto the pn^sihility of {)et.

tinjif some person to pass over to Canada and obtain cttrrcct
iidormalioii. Oiithe uiMininpr ot the 4th, he wrotu to mc
thitt he had procured the man \% ho bore his letter to p:o o\ t r.
IiiMtruclipns were given him ; he passed over — obtained
^uch iiifarmsttion as warriiitcd an immediate attack. This
was coiiiideniiy communicated to Keveral ofmy tii'HtoflTicers,
and produced great zeal to act ; more especially ax il iiiigbl
have acontruiitig ctVect upon the niovenients at Ddroit,
ivhere it was supposed Gen. Brock had g^oiie with all the
force he dared spare from the Niagara tVontitr. The bt'st
preparations in my power Mere, therefore, made to dislodpre
the enemy from the {^eights oi Qaeenston, and possess our«
Sttlves of the village, where the troops might be sheltered
from the distressing inclemency of the weather.

Ljeut. Col. Fenwick*s Hying artillery, and a detachment
of regular troops under his command, were ordered to
be up HI season from Fort Niagara. Orders were also sent
toGeii. Simythtosend down from Bufi'aloe, such detach*
Aients of his brigade as existing circumstances in that vi<
cinity might warrant. The attack was to have been made
at4 o'clock in the morning of the lllh, by crossing over
in boats from the old ferry opposite the Heights. To avoid
any enibarrassmentin crossing the river, (which is here a
sheet of violent eddies) experienced boatmen were procured
to lake thp boats from the landing below to the place of em-
barkation. Lieut. 8imwas considered the man of greatest
skill for thisservioe. He went ahead, and in the extreme
darkness, passed the intended place far up the river ; and
there, in a most extraordinary manner fastened the boat to
the shore and abandoned the detachment In lie frunt
boat he had earned nearly every oar which was prepared
for all the boats. I; i this agonizing dilemma, stood oiileers
and men whose ardor had not been cooled by exposure
through the night to one of the most tremendous norfh-east
storms, which continued ,unabated, for 28 hours, and deliig^-
ed the whole camp. The approach of day light extin-
guished every prospect of success, and the detachment re-
turned to camp. Col. Van. Rensselaer was to have core-
mauded the detachment.

IISTORV OF THE WAR.

157

After this rf suit, I luul hoppti ihe palience of iho troops
^■ow'A liaNe roiituiitd until I coiiUt Kubmil the (•Inn stii;-
gt.>it'tl in niv kllpr ot the blh.that I initfhl acl iiiui«*i', >»nd
in ronl'ormiiy to ilie opinion that mii^ht he then ex|»re,s,»Ml.
liiil niv ho|»e uai* idlo ; the previounly exril«'<l anloi sfciii-
fii to fjain new lieart from tlie Uto miscarnaife — I -e \y .we
were niortitied to slop short of thnr ohji;ct, und the tuned
thonjjfht laurels half won by an attempt.

Oil the morniner ot the rith, such was the pressure upon
me irom all quarters, that I liecame sulisfit'd Ihat my refu-
sal to net might involve uie in suspicion und the service in
distfrace. * ^

Viewing affairs at Buffaloe as yet unsettled, I had im-
tii(Mliatei\ countermanded the march of General Hmyth*s
brigade, upon the failure of the first expedition ; but hav-
iiii>- now deterniined to attack Q,ueenslon, I sent new orders
to Gen. Smyth to march ; not with the view of his aid in
tilt attack, for I considered the force detached sufficient,
bnt to support the detachment should the conflict be obstin-
ate and long^ continued.

Lieut. Col. Chrystie, who had just arrived at the four mile
Creek, had late in the night of the first contemplated attack,
gallantly offered me his own and his men*s service ; but
he got my permission to late. He now again came for-
ward ; bad a conference with Col. Van Kensselaer, begged
that he might have the honor of a command in the expedi-
tion. The arrangement was made. Col. Van Kensselaer
was to command one column of 300 militia ; and L eut.
Col. Chrystie a column of the same number of re;^ular
troops.

Every precaution was now adopted as to bouts, and
the most confidential and experienced men to manage them.
At an early hour in the night, Lieut. Col. Chrystie inarch-
ed his detachment, by the rear road, from Niagara to camp.
At 7 o'clock in the evening, Lieut. Col. Slranahan's regi-
ment moved from Niagara falls — at 8 o'clock. M«:;ud's —
and at 9 Lieut. Col. Blan's regiment marched from the
same place. All were in camp in good season. Agn ea-
biy to my orders issued upon this occasion, the two columns
■were to pass over together ; and as soon as the heights
should be carried, Lieut. Col. Fenwick's i] ing artilery
was to pass over ; then Maj Mullany'sdetacLment of reg-
ulars : and other troops to follow in order.

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fllSTORY OF THE WAR.

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Al (laMii of (lay llic boats were in reailiacii!*, uiul i||f>
troopH comim^ncc'd t'lnliarkinp^, undt* r the cover uf a cuin-
mantling- battery, niounlinir two eigblitm pounderH, iitul
two sixes. The niovemen's were noon iliscuveretl, and n
brisk fire of musketry wh« ^ured tVooi tbe wbole hne of
the Canadian sthore. Our batteries then opened to sweep the
shore ; but it was tor some minulcii,too dark to direct much
fire with safety. A brisk cannonade was now opened n|)OQ
tlie boats from three difierent batteries. Our battery returned
their fire and occasionally threw grape upon the shore, and
was itself served with shells from a small mortar of the en.
emy's. Col. Scott, of the artillery, by hastening his march
from Niagara Falls in the night, arrived in season to return
the enemy's fire Willi two si\ pounders. i»a:.,t. .i.i
. The boats were somewhat embarrassed with the eddies,
•8 well a» with a shower of shot; but Col. Van Uensselaer,
ivith about 1()0 men, soon eflected his landing amidst a
tremendous fire directed upon him from every point ; but
to the astonishment of all who witnessed the scene, this
▼an of the column advanced slowly against the fire. It
was a serious misfortune to the van, and indeed tu the
whole expedition, that in a few minutes atler landing. Col.
Van Rensselaer received four wounds — a ball passed
through his right thigh, entering just below the hip bone—
another shot passed through the same thigh, a little below—
the third tlnntugh the calf of his leg — and a fourth cartnsed
iiis heel. This was quite a crisis in the expedition. Uiu
der so severe a fire it was difficult to form raw troops. By
«ome mismanagement of the boatmen, Lieut. Col. Chrystie
did not arrive until some time after this, and was wounded
in tho hand in passing the river. Col. Van Rensselaer wa^
fitill able to stand ; and with great presence of mind order-
ed his officers to proceed with rapidity and storm the fort.
This service was gallantly performed, and the enemy driv-
en down the hill in every direction. Soon after this both
parties were considerably reinforced, and tlie conflict was
renewed in several places — many of the enemy took shel-
ter behind a stone guard-house, where a piece of ordnance
was now briskly served. I ordered the fire of our battery
directed upon the guard-house ; and it was so eDectuaily
done, that with S or JO shot the fire was silenced. The en-
emy then retreated behind a large store hou.se ; but in a

•flHMij

USTORY or THE WAR.

1.39

ilioriliinc llie roiitlM'came ;reneral, nixl the <ii(>iit\\ lir«
s»:iHStieiicetl except tVuiii a one ^iiii Uattory, no fur down
lliti river aii to he out. nt' the rouch of heavy ordnance, and
uur h^ht pieces could not silence it. A niiniher of boaU
now passed over uiianooyiil, except from one unsilenced
.run. For some time aftrr 1 had passi d over, the victory
,i|)|)eared complete ; hut in the expectation of furtiier at-
tacks, 1 was tukiny; measures for fortifyin{^ my campimme.
(Iiutelv — the direction of this service 1 committed to Lieut.
Totteii, of the enufiiteers. But very soon the enemy were
veiiilorced t)y a delachnient of several hundred Indians
Iruu) Chippewa — they commenced a furious attack, but
were proiirilly met atid routed hy tlve riile and bayonet.
Bv this tune 1 perceived my troop were embarking very
slowly. I passed immediately over to accelerate their
movements; but torn) utter astonishiiieiit, ( found at the
vt-ry moiitent when complete victor, was in our hands, the
ardor of the uneniragcd troops had entirely subr *ied. I
rode III all directions— urged men by every co i-iaeratiou
lo (diss over — but in vain. Lieul. (yol. Hloom, who h?t|
ken wounded in action, relumed, mounted i;is horse, aiul
rode through the camp; as did also J«idge Peck, who
liappened to be here, exhorting the companies to proceed—
bill all in vain.

At this time a large reinforcement from Fort George
were discovered coming up the river. As the battery on
(he liilt was considered an important check against their
isccnding the heights, measures were immediately taken to
set id them afresh supply of itminunilion, as we had learnt
(here was left only twenty shot for the eighteen pounders.
The reinforcement, however, 'Micpied to tiie right from the
road, and formed a junction V; 'If I uiie Indians in the rear
ot the heights. Finding, to my intinite mortification, that
no reinforcement would pass over ; seeing that another se-
vere conflict must soon commence ; and knowing that the
brave men on the heights were ([uite exhausted, and nearly
out of ammunition, all I could do was to send them afresh
Mip|)ly of carlridjjes. At this critical moment, I despatched
a note to Gen. Wadsworth, acquainting him with our silua-
liou — leaving the course to be pursued much to his own
judgment — with assurance, that if he thought best to retreat,
i would endeavor to send as many boats as I could com •

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HISTORY or TffE WAK.

man(^ an/l cover his relreat by every fire I contd safely
luaiie. But the bonis were diHjjersed — aiaiiy of llie b«»aU
men had fled, puinc Htrut'k-~-atid hut iew got oflf. But my
note could Imt little more than h.iVv reached Gcii. Wads-
■worth ahout 4 o'clock, when a most severe and obstinate
coiiflicl comineiK-ed and continued about haif an hour
with a treni ndous tire of caiinoti. tlvini^ artillery ai.d mus-
ketry. The enemy succeeded, in rt;|>o»sessing their batte-
ry ; and gainiHS^ adv;iiiluj*e on every side, the brave men
who had u^ainedlhe victory, exhausted of strength and ammu-
nition, and grieved at the unp.u'donabie neglect of their
fellow soldierN. gave U|) the coaflict.

I can only add,tl.ul the victory was really won ; but lost
for the want of a small reinforcement. One third part of
the idle men miyhl have mved all,

I cannot injustice close this without expressing the very
great oi)ligatioM I am under to Brigadier-General Wads-
■worlb. Col. Van Rv.nsselaer, Gol. Scott, Lieut. Cols. Chrvstie
and Feiiwick, and Cupt. Gibson. Many others have also
behaved irust gallantly. As I have reason to believe that
many ofour IroopK tleJ to the woods, with the hope of
crossing ihe river, 1 iiave notbeen able to learn the probable
number of killed, wounded and prisoners.* The eneniy
have suftered severely.

Genekal Bkock, is among their slaui, and his aid-di-
«aw*./ nu'rUdiv wouiided.

1 have the honor to be, &c.

STEPHEN VAN RENSSELAER.

CHAPTER V. :-,^

Documents accnnpanying ihe President's Message of
JSovember 4, 1812.
Mr. Monroe to Mr. RvsselL
Depak'Iment or Staie, July 27, 1812.
SIR— I wrote you o.i the 2t5lh ot June, by Mr. Foster, a
letter which he promised to deliver to you in person or by
a safe hand.

» // is since ascertained that 90 regulariand militia were killed, and 386
ngulart and 378,mi/i^ia, Hi being wounded, viadtjiiriaoncrs.

lIlbTOUY OF TUE WAB.

161

(ii ilial Klltr yoi. were informc d, that the Orders in
r'ltincil, and other illej^al blockades, and the impressnicnt
,>loiir seamen by Great-Britain, as you well knew before,
were ihe principal causes of the war, rnd that if they were
Kiuovod, vou might stipulate an armistice, leaving them
111(1 all other grouj»d.'< of difference, for final and more pre-
iise adjustment by treaty. As an inducement to the British
government to discontinue the practice of impressment
iiuin our vessels, by which alone our seamen can be made
jccure, yoa were authorised to stipulate a prohibition by
law, to be reciprocal, of the employment of British seamen
ID the public or commercial service of the U. States. As
^iicb an arrang;ement, wi.ich migjit be made completely
iti'ectnal and satisfactory by suitable regulations and penal-
ties, would operate almost exclusively in fiivor of Greal-
15rit!iin,for as few of our seamen ever enter voluntarily into
the British service, the reciprocity would be nominal; its
advatitagie to G. Britain would be more than an equivalent
for any she derives from impressment, which alone ought
to induce her to abandon the practice, if she had no other
motive for it. Astipulation to prohibit by law the em-
j)loyuient of British seamen in the service of the U. States,
is to be understood in the sense and spirit of the constitution.
The passage of such law must depend of course on Con-
rress, who, it might reasonably be presumed, might give
f ifect to it.

By authorising you to secure these objects as the grounds
of ati armistice, it was not intended to restrict you to any
I precise form in which it should be doiie. tt is not particu-
[iarly necessary that the several points should be specially
I provided for in the convention stipulating the armistice.
I A clear and distinct understanding* wilh the British go-
I vemmeiit on the subject of impressment, comprising in it
the discharge of men already impressed, and on future
blockades, if the Orders in Council are revoked, is all that
is indispensable. The Orders in Council being revoked,
and the proposed understanding on the otiier points, that is,
loii blockades and impressment, being first obtained, in a
[muniier, though informal, to admit of no mistake or disa-
greement hereafter, the iitstrunient providing for the ar-
juiiitice may assume a general form especially if more
tirreeable to the British government. It mav for example

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IIISTOKV OF TIIK WAR.

be said in general tornis * tliat l)oth powes being sincerelv
desirous to tenniiiate the ilitVoreuces which unliappiiy suli.
sist between llietu, and equally so, that full time shonI(i l)e
j;iven for the adjuslnieiit lliertof, agree, 1st, that an armis-
tice shall take place for that purpose to commence on the
dwy of.

* 2. That they will forthwHh appoint on each side com-
missioners with full power to form atreaty, which shall pro.
vide, by recipiocal arrangements, for th« security of tht-ir
seamen from b«ing taken or employed in the service of the
other power, for the ret!;ulation of their commerce, and all
other interesting questions now depending between them.

*3. The armistice shall not cease without a previous no-
tice by one to the other party of days, and shull
not be understood as having other eflfect than merely to sus-
pend military operations by land and sea.'

By this you will perceive that the President is desirouj
of removing every obstacle to an accommodation which,
consists merely of form, securing in a safe and satisfactorv
manner, the rights and interest of the U. States in these two
great and essential circumstances, as it is presumed maybe
accomplished by the proposed understanding ; he is \vi|.
lii.g that it should be done in a manner the most satisfactory
and honorable to G. Britain, as well as to the U. Slates.

I have the honor to be, &c.

JAMES MONROE

I r • i ■

Mr. Graham to Mr. Russell.

V IH^PAKTMENT OP State, Aug. 9, 1812.

SIR — The Secretary left this city about ten days ago
on a short visit to Virginia. Since that period Mr. Bake:
has, inconsequence of some despatches from his govem-
ment addressed to Mr. Foster, made to me a commuiiica-
lion respecting the intentions of his government as regards
the Orders ill Council. It was of a character, however, so I
entirely informal and confidential that Mr. Baker did not|
feel himself at liberty to make it in the form of a note verbal
or promemoria, or even to permit me to take a memoran-
dum of it at the time he made it. As it authorises an e.\«|
pectation that something more precise and detinite, in and
oflicial form, may soon be received by this government, it is
the less uecessary that 1 should go into an cxplaaatioa ot I

IirSTORY OF THE WAR.

1G3

ilieviews of Uic President 'm relation to it, more parlicnlarly

,s llu.' Sccn,tary of Stale is daily expected, and will he al>lc

toiio it ill a manner more salisi'nctory. f....: i •

1 have ihe honor lobe, ^c. ' '!

JOHN GRAHAM."'

3Tr. Graham to Mr. Uussell. •' ' '''' ""*
t Depautmkntof State, Aug. 10, 1812.

SIR — Thinking that it may possibly be useful to you, I
jo m} self the honor to enclose you a memorandum of the
conversation between Mr. Baker and niyst'lf, alluded to in
niv letter of yesterday's date. From a conversation with
Mr. Baker since this memorandum was made, I find that I
was coirect in rei)reseuting to the President that the intj-
jniition from Mr. Foster, and the British jiulhorilies at Han-
fax was was to be understood as connected with a susnen-
tioiiof hostUities on the frontiers ofCana<la. Yours, Vc,

JOFTN GRAHAM.
Memoranduw, referred to in the above leller.

Mr. iJaker verbally comnmnicated to me for the infor-
mation of the IVe.'jident, thsit he had received despatches
from his governnient addressed to Mr. Foster, (dated I
believe about the 17th of June) from which he was author-
ised to say, that an official declaratioa would be sent to this
country, that the Orders in Council, so far as they aflfecled
the U. Slates, would l»e i*ei)ealedon the 1st of August, to
lie revived on the 1st of May, 1813, uhless the conduct of
the French governriient, and the result of the communica-
tions with the American goveinment, ^fhould be such as,
ill the opinion of his majesty^ to render then* revival unne-
cessary. Mr. Baker moreover slated that the Orders
would be revived, provitled the A>neriean g(jvernmeift did
not, within fourteen d»ys *fter they re<'eived the oilicial
declaration of their repeal, admit British armed vessels into
their ports, and put an tend to the restrictive meaeures which
had grown out of the Orders in Couupil.

The despatchts authorising this communication to the
American government expressly directed that it should bo
wade verbally, and Mr. Baker did not considei himself at
liberty to reduce it to writing, even in the forni of a note
verbal, or promemoria. or to suffer me to tak^ a memoran-
i\i\n of Ins communication at the time he made it, I inidcr'

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ill.NlOKV OF THE W AK

stood from him tlint the despatches had been opcue«l by Mi
Foster at Halifax, who in con .equence of a conversation Ik
had had with Vice Admiral Sawyer, and Sir J. Sherl)roki,
had authori'ied Mr. Baker to say, that the<«e genllcinen would
agree, as a measure leadin^i^ to a sus|) ..sion of lioslililies.
that all captures made after a day to \k fi\j;d, shoultl nut
bf *?roceeded against immediately, but l)e detained to auait
the f''ture decision of the two «^overnmeiits. Mr. ]b\Mer
} d Jt seen Sir Georsfe Prevost, but had written to Inm
b, express, and did not doubt but that he would agree to
an arrangement for the temporary suspension of hostilities.
Mr, Baker also staled that he had received an authorilv
from Mr. Foster to act as charge d'aftairs, provided tl/e
Am<^ncan government would receive him in that charac-
ter, for the purpose of enabling him ofticially to communi-
cate the declaration which was to be expected from Jlie
British government ; his functions to be understood, of
course, as ceasing on tjie renewal of hostilities. J rej)lieil,
that although, to so general and informal a communica-
tion, no answer might be necessary, and certainly no par-
ticular answer expected, yet, I was authorised to say, that
the communicatiou is received with sincere satisfaction, as
it is hoped that the spirit in which it was authorised by his
government, may lead to such further communications as
will open the way sjot only to an early and satisfactory ter-
niination of existing hostilities, but to that entire adjustment
of all the diflierences which j>roduced them, and that peniia-
nent peace and solid friendship which ought to be mutual-
ly desired bv both countries, and which is sincerely desired
by this. \Vith this desire, an authority was given to Mr.
Russell on the subject of an armistice as introductory to a
final pacification, as has been made known to Mr. Foster,
and the same desire will be felt on the receipt of the iur-
ther and more particular communications which are
shortly to he expected with respt^et to the joint intimation
from Mr. Foster and the authorities at Halifax, on the sub-
ject of .suspending judicial proceedings in the case of mar-
itime captures, to be accompanied by a suspension of mili-
tary operations. The authority given to Mr. Russell just
aliuited to, and of which Mr. Foster was the bearer, is tiill
proof of the s(>licitude of the government of the U. States
to bring about a general suspension of hostilities on adiuis^

[Mi

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

16.J

f jl I

^ihle Icrms, with as litlle delay ns possible. It was not to
\h' (loui'trd IhenSbiv, lliat any oIIut practical cxpctlicul for
altaiiiinof a siniiiaF result wpiiid b» reudily concurred in.
I*|)Ou Ibe most favond)le consideration, however, which
roulil be given to the expedient suggested through him, it
did not appear lu be redncd>le to any praciicable shape to
which the executive would be authui-ised to give it the ne-
cessary sanction, nor indeed is it probable that \i it was less
lii\ble to insuperable difficulties, that it cntdd have any ma-
terial effect previous to the result of the pncitic advance
made by this government, and which nmsl it favorably re-
ceived, become operative as soon as any other arrangement
that could now be made. It was slated to IMr. Baker,
thiitthe President did not, under existing circumstances,
consider Mr. Posfer as vested with the power of appointing
a charge d 'affairs : but that no difficulty in point of form,
would be made, as any authentic communication through
him, or any other channel, would be received with atten-
tion and respect. » . /

Mr. Monroe (» Mr. Ilussell.
Department of State, Aug, 21, 1812.

[Extract^ SIR — My last letter to y»>" ^vas of the 27th
of July, and was forwarded by the British packet Althea,
uuderthe special protection of Mr. Baker. The object of
that letter, and of the next preceding one of the 2()lh of
June, was to invest you with power to suspend by an armis-
tice; o!! such fair conditions as it was presumed could not
be rejected, the operation of the war, which had been
brought on the U. States by the injustice and violence of
the British government. At the moment of the declara-
tion of war, the President, regretting the necessity which
produced it, looked to its termination and providecl for it,
and happy will it be for both countries, if the disposition
felt, and the advances made on his part, are entertained and
met by the British government in usimdar spirit.

You will have seen by the note forwarded to you by Mr.
Graham, of Mr. Baker s commumcation to him, that Mr.
Foster had authorised him to state that the commanders of
the British forces at Halifax would agree to a suspension,
after a dav to be fixed, of the condenuiation of prizes, to
await the decision ot both governments, without however

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16<»

HISTORY OP THE WAR.

'ill,

preventiuf^ captures on eilher side. It appears also, that
Mr. Foster hiul promised to conimunicale with Sir Geor^rc
Prevost, and tu advise hiiu tu propose to our governmcnl
an amii{ilice.

Hir George Prevost has siuce prcjsoycdto General Dear-
Jjor*;, at the sujfgeslioji of i\1r. IV'der, a siJ.j»eusion of of-
fensive operations Uy land* in a ktter whi' b vas transmil-
ed by the General to !iie ScMelaiy of V) ar, i provisional
aj^rt'^ment was cntcrril into between Geaerai Dearborn
and Colonel Brivnes, iUe Brilish adjutant-Geni'^vat, Learer
of Gfnt/i'jU Provost'H letter, that neither party should act
offensively before lh<: ^lecisi<m of our liwvdunvjut shpulU bt
taken ou ihe subject.

Since nis/ return to W-isbioj^lon, .^s documeqft allude^
to in Mr» Foster's des{)aicb, as Hnaliy decided on by the
Bri?t;sh government, bus Ijeen handed tQ me by Mr. Baker,
with a remark, that its authenticity mi^ijt be relied on.
Mr. Baker added that it was not improbable^ that tho Ad-
miral at Halifax mi^ht a^ree likewise to a suspension oi
■captures, though he did nut profess to appear to be acquaint-
ed with his sentiments on that point.

On full consideration of all the circumstances wliicb
merit attention, the President regrets that it is not in his
power to accede to the proposed arrangement. The iol
lowing are among the principal reasons which have pro-
Juced this decision.

Ist. The President has no pQiwcr to suspend judicial
proceedings on prizes. A capture, if lawful, vests a r\gU
over which he has no control. Nor could he prevent cap-
tures otherwise than by an indiscriminate recal of tbe
commissions granted to our privateers, which he could nut
justify under existing circumstances.

2d. The proposition is not made by the British govern-
ment nor is there any certainty that it would be approved
by it. The proposed arrangement, if acceded to, uiiglH
not be observed by the British officers themselveK, if theii
government, in consequence of the war, should give them
instructions of a difl'erent character, even if they were giv-
en without a knowledge of the arrangement.

3d. No security is given, or proposed, a» to the Indians,
nor could any be relied on. They have engaged in tlie
wdv on the side of the British government, and are now pro

inSTORT OF THE WAR.

167

s^culing it with vij^or,in their usual savaire mode. They
can only he reslrniiied by force, when once let loose, uiid
that force has already l)een ordend out for that purpose.

4ih. The proposition in not reciprocal, Ix'cauHe it resti-ains
llie Umited States from actm^ uliere their power in a^real-
e>t, and leaves Great-Britain at liberty, and gives her time
lo augment her forces in our neitj^hborhood.

dtli. That as a principal object of the war is to obtain
redress against the British practice of impressment, an
agreement to suspend hoslililiri* even before the British
uovernment is heard from on that subject, might be con-
iiidered a relinquishment of that claim.

(illi. It is fthe more objectionable, and of the less impor-
tance, in consideration of the instructions heretofore given
vou, which, if met by the British governnif nt, may have
already produced the same result lu a greater extent and
more satisfactory form.

I might add, that the declaration itself is objectionable
in many respects, particularly the followmg —

1st. Because it a.sserts a right in the British government
{0 restore the Orders in Council, or any part thereof, to their
full eftect on a principle of retaliation on France, under
jMrcumstances of which she alone is to judge ; a right
which this government cannot admit, especially in the ex-
tent heretofore claimed, and acted on by the British gov-
tnnneiit.

2d. That the repeal is founded exclusively on the Frencli
Decree of the 28th of April, 1811, by which the repeal
©f the Decrees of Berlin and Milan, announced on the olh
of August, 1810, to take effect on the 1st of ?Joveml>er, of
that year, at which time their operation actually ceased, is
disregarded, as are the claims of the U. States arising
fiom the repeal on that day, even according lo the British
pledge,

3d. That even if the U. States had no right to claim the
repeal of the British Orders in Council prior to the French
Di3cree of the •28th of April, 1811, nor before the notiHca-
lion of that Decree to the Bi*itish government, on the 'JHlh
of May, of the present year, tiie British repeal ought to
have borne date, from that day, and boon siibjert to noin-.
of the limitations nttaf'hed t<> i»

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lll2iTOKY or THE WAB.

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These remarks on llie declaration of the nrincc recent,
'which are nut pursued with rigor, nor in tlie full exieitt
which they might b( > are ap^^licable ta it, in relation to the
stateofthinjrs which existed before the determination of
the LI. Staler to resist the ug;^resMions of the Briti^ih gov-
ernment by war. By that determination, the relations be-
tween the two cuuntricH have been altogether changed, and
it is only by a termination of the war, 04* by measures lead-
ing to it, by consent of both governments, that its calami-
ties can be closed or mitigated. It is not now a question
whether the dechiration of the prince regent is such as
ought to have produced a repeal of the non>importatioa
act, had war not been declared, because, by the declaru-
tion of war, that question is superceded, and the non-im-
portation act having been continued in force by Congress,
and become a measure of war, and among the most efficient,
it is no longer subject to the control of the Executive in the
sense, and for the purpose for which it was adopted. The
declaration, however, of the prince regent, will not be with-
out eii'ect. I3y repealing the Orders in Council without
reviving the blockade of May, 1800, or any other illegal
blockade, as is understood to be the case, it removes a great
obstacle to an accommodation. The President considers
it an indication of a disposition in the British government
to accommodate the diJOferences which subsist between the
two countries, and I am instructed to assure you, that, if
such a disposition reai'y exists, and is persevered in, and is
extended to other objects, especially the important one of
impressment, a durable and happy peace and reconciliation
cannot fail to result from it.

Mr» Russell to Mr. Monroe.

London, Sept, J, 1812.

SIR — ^You will perceive by iht; enclosed copies ot nolefe
which have passed between lord Castlereagh and me, lliat
the moderate and equitable terms proposed for a susjjeii-
sion of hostilities, have been rejected, and that it is my iii-
tention to return immediately to the United States.

My continuance here, after it has been so broadly inti-
mated to me by his lordship, that I am no longer acknowl-
edged in my diplomatic capacity, and cfter a knowledge
that instructions are given to the British Admiral to uego-

HIKTOHY OF THE WAR.

l(k>

(.lale an arraiigcuieot on the other skI(> of the Atlantic,
woa!ct, in my view of the subject, not only be uselfsM but
miuro|H'r.

It IS probable, however, that the vei^el in uhich f j>ro-
po«e to embark will not take her departure betbre the l^lh
or 20th of this month. '. '' i ' --

I have the honor to be, fkc.

.lONATMAN RUSSFLL.

>, t^ »

' ' 3Ir. UusscUlo lordCi/sllireagh. ■•

' • I ' ' London, \u^. 24, 1812. •

Aty lord — It is only necessary, I trust, to call the attention
ofyourlordshiplo a review ofllie coimIuc'I «»f the |rovernineiit
ot llie U. States, to prove inconlrovertibly its unceasiiio- anx-
ietv to maintain the relations of peace and friendship with (i.
Hnlain. Its patience in suiVering' the many wroni>;s which
it lias received, and ils perseverance in endeavoring by am-
icable means to obtain redress, are known to the world.
Di'spairingf at length of raceivinglhis redress from the jus-
lice (tf the British g-overnment, to which it had so often ap-
plied in vain, and feeling that a further forbearance would
be a virtual surrender ofrig'htsand interests essential to the
prosperity and indefKjndente of the nation confided to its
protection, it has been compelled to discharge its high uuty
hy an appeal to arms. While, however, it regards this
course as the only one which remained for it to pursue
svilh a hope of preserving any portion of that kind of char-
acler which constitutes Ihe vital strength of every nation,
yet it is still willing to give another proof of the spirit
which has uniformly distinguished its proceedings, by seek-
ing to arrest, on terms consistent with justice and honor,
llie calamities of war. It has, therefore, authorised me to
ittipulate with his Britannic uiajesty's government an ar-
inislice to commence at or l>fcfore the expiration of sixty
(lays after the signature of the instrument providing for it,
on condition that the Orders in Council be repealed, and
(10 illegal blockades to be substituted to them, and liiat
•iiders be immediately given to discontinue the impres.s-*
ment of persons from Americm vessels, and to restore the
oiti/ens of the United States already impressed ; it being
moreover well understood that the British government will
isspiit tf> enter into definite arrangements, as soon as may

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IIISIOUY UF TUK W All.

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lie, on lIiCHC aiitl every ollur difVererice, hy u Irealy lo U
rnncliidefl eiliicr at Luiidou or WuMliiiiKton, ns un au iiu
partial c-onsiilcralion of existing^ circiiin.slaiiccs (4mll b>;
(Iccnied inu.>t cxpedieitt.

V' Ah an iitduceiiieiit tuCv. Britain tu discontinue the prac-
tice ot' impressment i'roiii Aniericati ve^tMels, lam autlioriv
ei\ to K^ive assurance! that a law shall be passed (to be r(>ci|i-
rucal) to prohibit Ihefinptoyinent of Bni.sh seamen in tli>
public or conimercial service of the U. Slates.

It is sincerely believed that such an arran^^ement would
prove more etticacious in srcnrinij to G. Bntam her stii-
men, than the practice of impressment, i>o deroyruiory i>
tlie sovereign attributes of the U. States, and so incompal\
ble wilh the personal riglits of their citi/oiis.

Your lordship will not be surprised that I have present
ed the revocation of the Orders in Council as a prelintinary
to the suspension of hostilities, when it is considered that
the act of the British government of the iJSd of June last,
ordaining that revocation, is predicated on conditions, the
jierformaiice of which is rendered impracticable by the
change which is since known to have occurred in the rela-
tions between the two countries. It cannot now be ex-
pected that the government of the U. States will immedi-
ately on due notice of that act, revoke or cause lo be re-
voked its acts, excluding from the waters and harbors of
the U. States all Brilisth armed vessels, and interdicting
coMitnercial intercourse with G. Britain. Such a proce-
dure would necessarily involve consecpienses too unreason-
able aiul extravagant to be for a moment presumed. — The
Order in Council oi' the 2t}d of June last will, therefore ac-
cording to its own terms be null and of no eft'ect, and a new
act of the British government, adapted to existing circum-
stances, is obviously required for the etJectual repeal of the
Orders in Council of which the United Slates complain.

The government of the U. Stales considers indemnity
fur the injuries received under the Orders in Council and
other Edicts, violating the rights of the American nation,
to be incident to Iheir repeal, and it believes that sati^^'aco-
ry provision will be made in the definite treaty, to be here-
after ncgocialed, fortius purpose.

The conditions now oti'ered to the British government |
for the terminaliou of the war by au armistice as aWvt

MISTORY OF THE WAR.

^tnlftl. arfiso moilernte niul just in llirnnolvM, nn(\ nn en-
tirely consisUiit \s ) ilH intrrcst hiuI honor, ibat a conti-
ileiU hope IS inflnlg^rd that it will not hesitate to accept
tkcm. Id ho doing it will nhniiduii no nij^lit; it will sacri-
liof no interests; it will abstain oi.ly troni violatinjy the
lifjhts of Ihc V. Slates, nnil lu return it will restore peace
\villi ihe power from whom in a lrien<lly comiiiernal in-
leiTOurse so many advantage« sire to be thi ivecl.

V<nir lordship \% undonbtedly nware of the serions ditli-
lulties with which the prosecution of the war, even for a
short period, must necessarily embarrass all future atlompts
al accommodation. — Passionn exasperated by injuries —
alliances or conquests on terms which forbid Ihcir abandon-
ment — will inevitably hereafter embitter aiul prolmcl a
« oiliest which migfht now be so easily and happily termi-
nated.

Deeply impressed with these truths, I cannot but per-
suade myself that his royal highness, the prince regent will
take into his early consideration, the propositions herein
made on behalf of the U. Slates, and decide on them in a
spirit of conciliation and justice. .. ,

I have the honor to be, ^c.
^ JONATHAN RUSSELL.

' Lord Castlercagh to Mr. Ifnssnll. • >

Foreign Opfick, Au«j. 29, 1812.

SIR — Althoagh the diplomatic relations between the
two governments have been terminated, by a declaration
of war on the part of the U. Slates, I have not hesitated,
under the peculiar circumstances ot the case, and the au-
thority under which you act, to submit to the prince regent
the proposition contained in your letter of the 24th inst. for
a suspension of hostilities.

From the period at which your Inslmctions must have
been issued, it is obvious, that Ibis overture was determin-
ed upon by the erovernment of the U. States, in ignorance
of the Order in C<Mincilof the 23d of June last, and as yoiv
inform me that you are not at liberty to depart from the con-
ditions set forth lu you letter, it only reniains for me to ac-
()uaintyou that the prince regent feels himself under the
necessity of declining to accede to the proposition therein
containcdj as being on various grounds absolntrly inad-
misBibJo.

, Hit,

I1I:<1UIIV OF 'illi; WAH.

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As AOUI1 asllicrc wuh rrusott t(^ .i|;|»rtlKiiii, Ut;ti Mr. ^W
Ut'n fuiiclioriN iHii^lil hiivti i'i>a> .' u .liinricu, and llisil Ik.
nii;r||i|iavc bctMi ublijL^etJ tu wi')i>,ili'nw liiiiiHi.'lt, in consc-
(|)ieiicfot' war hiving iu'en ilecliired, fiuiii the r.Slalts,
bftore liic above ii)t'iiUori<d OiiUr of ibt* *JiU\ of June, aii<l
the iiiMtruclioiiii consequent Uiereiipon, coiibl have renclinl
hull, nieasnreg Here taken tor aulborlNind^ the ikilish Aii-
iitiral uti llie Anieri/can vlation, to |)ro[40Ne tu the |rovern-
inent of the V. .Stales, nn immediate and reciprocal re-
vocation of all hostde Orders, with the tender of giving full
d}ect, in the event of hostilities bein^^ di»continiied, to tlie
provisioiiiiof ihesaid Order, upon tlie couditiou.*» therein
speciHed. , ,,,

From thin statement you will perceive that Iho view you
have taken of this part of the subject ih incorrect ; and timt
in the preset t state of the relations between the two coun-
tries, the operation of the Order of the 23d June, can only
be defeated by a refusal on the part of your government to
desist from hostilitits, or to comply with the conditions ex-
pressed in the said Order. ,• .{ xi i

Under the circumstances of your hnvincf no powers to
iiegocintc, I must decline entering into a detailed discus-
sion of the propositions which you have been directed to
bring forward.

I cannot, however, refrain on one single point, from ex-
pressing my surprise ; namely, that, as a condition prelim-
inary even to a suspension of hostilities, th« government ot
the U. States, should have thought fit to demand, that llu
British government should desist from its ancient and ac-
customed practice of impressing British seamen from the
merchant ships of a foreign state, simply on the assurance
that a law shall hereafter be passed to prohibit the employ^
men) of British seamen in the public or commercial service
of that state.

The British government now, as heretofore, is i-eady to
receive from the government of the U. Stales, and amica-
bly to discuss, any proposition which professes to have in
■view either to check abuse in the exercise of the practice ot
im^ ressimnt, or to accomplish by means less liable to vex
ation, the object for which impressment has hitherto been
found necessary, but t- ey cannot consent to suspend tlit
exercise of a right upon which the naval strength of tlit:

HIStrOKY or Tlf£ \% AR.

173

<m|>ire WHinly iIoim'ikJs, mail Un y are fully roiivincetl Ihai
iiieAiiH can liedeviicd, uimI Will be Ado|>t«^(l, by wliicli Umi
.«;»)( i'l to btobtuiiicil by the extrcise of Uiui rigbi* can b#.
etjeciiiully iitiCilretJ. ,.. -,, ,f.,.^,.. f, ..., .!.»'r.ti. «trf.rt{

I ba>v llw buiiui* tu be, &c. dt

CASTLEfUWGH. ,1 ,

*"■""*** wii .'1*1 .»»'. I

M v'l '-^ r i^/r. Uwselt to lord ( 'aatltreatfh .

London, Seplembcr 1, 1812.

My lord — I bavc benrd wilb much regrcl, by your
iordsiiip M note, dated the tlie 29lb ult. which I did not re-
ci>iv< Mitil khis luoriiiiig^, thai the |»riMce regent ht!« thougfht
|)ru|)er to decline to accede to the propoHitioA for usuNpeh-
sioii of hostdities, routained in my note of the '24thof Aug^.

It has been matter of surprise to me that my view with
regard to the revocation of the Order in Council of the2dd
of June latit, should have been cooNidered to have been in-
correct, wheu it appears by your lordwhip's note diat the
Britiiih g^overnment itself had deemed it necesHary to f^ive
powers to the BritiHh Admiral to titipulale for its full effect,
and thereby admitted tiiut a uew act was required for that
purpose.

(t now only remains for me to announce to you lordsliip
that it is mv intention to embark immediately at Plymouth,
on board tne ship Lark, for the U. States, and to request
that permission may be granted, a soon as may be, for the
embarkation of my servants, baggage, and the effects of
this legation, and that the necessary passports may be forn-
Ifihedfor my own, and tbeir safe conduct to that destination.

I avail myself of this occasion to api>rizs your lordship
that I am authorised by the government of the U. States, to
leave Reuben Gaufit Beasely, Esq. as its agent for prisonert
of war in this country, and to desire that every necessary fa-
cility may be afforded bim in the exercise of that trust, by
the British government.

I have the honor to be, 8(c. - ' ^^ ..y

v^v<^: ^ :,.^ , JONATHAN RUSSELL.

'-.. < » , , Mr. Russell to Mr. Monroe. r

London, Sept. 3, 1812,
SIR — I enclose herein a copy of a note, received yester-
iiy from loru Castlereagh, which will acquaint you that!

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UISTOIIT OF THE WAR.

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have obtained my passports to relorn to the U. Slalen, and
thai Mr. Beasely is permiited to remain here as anient for
prisoners of war.

Immediately on demanding^ my passport I addressed to
the consols a circular of which you wili also find a copy en-
closed. ' .lil.i I i"/ ?

I have the honor to be, &c.

JONATHAN RUSSELL

m;u/ ,..! Lord Castlereagh to Mr. Rvsseli. '" "
" '•' '' ' ' "' ' Foreign Ofpick, Sept. 2, 1812.

'SIR — I have laid before his royal hij^hoess, the prince
regent, your letter of the 1st inst. in which you announce
your intention to embark immediately at Plymouth on board
the ship Lark, for the U. States.

I have already had the honor of forwarding to you ait
Admiralty order for the protection of that ship as a cartel,
on her voyag"e to America, and I herewith enclose to you
a passport for the free embarkation of yourself and family,
in comfbrmity to your request. The lords commissisnei's
of his majesty's treasury will issue directions to the commis-
sioners of the customs to give every facility to the embarka-
tion of your eifeots.

If previous to your departure from England, you can
point out to me any particular manner in which lean facil-
itate your arititngcments, I beg that you will command my
services. ■..<:■•■ - ■^-' *

His royal highness had commanded me to signify toyou,
for the information of your government, that there will be
no difficulty in allowing Mr. R. G. Beasely, as stated in
your letter, t-^ reside in this country, as the U. State's agent
for prisoueis of war. '^p P-'-'*' »vi vj.'jH iiuj; » i .ihw' >♦>.
- ' 1 have the honor to be, &c.
v'l , i J i s K CASTLEREAGH.

Sir , LB, Warren to Mr. Monroe. - *

i. '- -H^ * ; Halifax, No^a Scotia, Sept. 30, 1812.
SIR — The departure of Mr. Foster from America, has
devolved upon me the charge of making known to you, for
the information of the government of the U. States, the sen-
timents entertained by his royal highnes?:, the prince regent,
upon the existing relations of the two countries.

VISTOBY OS lOE Willi.

You will observe, frum \he eoclotieil copy of lui Order iii
t'ouucil beaming (late ihe 28doi June, 181£, ibatUte Or-
(Icis in Cuuiici) ot Uie 7Ui of JmUiary, Jb07, and the '.Jtiili of
April, 18(K), ceased to exist u^^rly at the name time that
lite guvcM'rmient of the U. ^liites declared war against his
ntajisJy

luuucdialely on the receipt of this declaration in London,
tlie Older in, Council, of which n copy is herewith enclosed
l() yju, was issued on the lils. day of July, for the embargo
:itid dt;tentit)n of all Antericunsjlips.

L uler these cirrumstaiices, Tarn eommnnded to propose
to yonr government the inmiediate cessation of hostilities
helweeit the two countries and 1 bball be most happy to be
the in.! iment of bringing about a reconciliation, so interes-
ting a' benetlcial to America, and G . Britain.

i therefore propose to you, that the government of the U.
Stalesof Americashall instantly recall their letters of niarquo-
and reprisal against British ships, together with all or-
ders and instructions for any acts of hostility whatever
against the territories of his majesty, or the persons or pro-
perly of his subjects ; with the understanding, that, imme-
diately on my receiving from you an official assurance to
that eftect, I shall instruct all the otiicers under my com-
mand to desist from corresponding measures of war,
■against the ships and propeity of the U. States, ajid that I
siiall transmit without delay,' corresponding intelhgence to
the several parts of the world where hostilities may have
(commenced. T\\6 British commanders in which, will be
required to discontinue hostilities from the receipt of such
iiolire.

Should the American government accede to the above
proposal for terminating hostilities, I am aullKirised to ar-
range with you as to the revocation of the laws which in-
terdict the commerce and ships of war of^Ci. Britain fi'oni
the harbors and waters of the U. States; in the default of
which revocation within such reasonable period as may be
agreed upon, you will observe by the order of the 23d June,
the Orders in Council of January, 1807, and April, 1809,
are to be revived.

The officer who conveys this letter to the American coast
has received my orders to put to sea immediately upon the
delivering ofthis dispatch to the competent authority ; Hml

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HFSTOnV OH THF WiR.

I earnestly recomiiicml that no litnemuy l>e lost in cojn-
muiiicating'to me the ilcci«ron of n our goveriinienl, persuad-
ed as I feci liial it cannot but be of » nature to lead to a
»f)eedy termtnation of the }irest»n( diflVrcnres. .^*'''^'

The Aug of truce which yon n»av rharjHfe with your re-
ply will tind one of my cruisers at Sandy Hook, len dms
after tlif; landing of tbix dispatch, >vhiclil have directed lo
call Ihei-e with a flag of truce for that purpose.

I have honor to be, kc.

JOHN BORLASE WAIUIEN

Air. Monroe to sir J. B. Warrpti.

DEPARTMENT OF StATE, Oct. 27 1812.

iSni — 1 have bad the honor to receive your k-' \ : ot iIk
30th ult. and tOKubinit itto Iheconsideration of the President.

It appears that you are authorised to proposQ p, cessation
of hostilities between the U. States and G. Britain, on Ik
ground of the repeal of the Orders iii Council, and in am
the proposition is acceded lo, to take measures in concert
with this government, lo carry it into complete eflect on
both sides.

You slate, also that you have it in charge, in that event,
to enter into an arrangement with the government of the V.
States for the repeal of the laws which interdict the ships oi
war and the commerce of G. Britain from the harbors and
waters olr the U. Stales. And you intimate, that if the
proposition is not acceded to, the Orders in Council (repeal-
ed conditionally by that of the 23d of June last) will be revi-
Ted against the commerce ot the U. Stales.

I am instructed to inform }0u, tliat it will be very satis-
factory to the President to meet tlie British government in
such arrangements as uiuy terminate without delay the hos-
tilities which now exist between the U. States and G. Bri
tain, on conditions honorable to both nations.

At the moment of the declarution of war, the Presiden!
gave a signal proof of the attachment of the U.^States to
peace. Instractions were given at that early period to the
late charge d'affairs of the U. States at London, to pro-
pose to tiie British government an arniislice on conditions
which it was presumed would have been satisfactory, ll
has been seen with regret tliat the piopo.sitions made In
Mr. Monroe, particularly in regard to the important inter

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

17:

ea of impressnit-iit, was rtj* cleii, and Ural none .vas offrroj
tliruiii^li that cliaiiiiL'l, as a basiii uii wliich lio.>liItlits uiiglit
ciase.

As your cfovernmeiil has aulliorlsetl vou to propose aces-
itatioii of hostilities, and is doubihss aware of the important
:iii(l salularv effect which a satistaitory adju-stinent of this
diiU^ieiice rannot fail to have on the future rt lations be-
Ivuen the two countries, I indulj^e the hope that it has, ere
tins, given you lull power lor the purpose. Experience
lia-^ sntficieutly evinced thai no peace can be durul>;e unless
this «)bject IS provided ibr. It is presumed, tlieref».re, that
it IS equally the interest of both couulries to adjust it at this
tune.

Without further discussinc^ questions of right, llie Presi-
(Itnt IS ilesirous to provide a remedv for the evils complain-
ed of on both sides. The cla ui of the British ;^overn-
nuiit IS to take from the merchant vessels of other coun-
(res nmish subjects. In the practice, the commanders of
till; Brilisii ships oi war often take from the merchant ves-
sels of the U. States, American citizens. If the U. States
prohibit the employment oi' British .subjects in their service,
and infoi'ce the prohibition of suital)le ret^ulations and pen-
altits, the motives for the practice is taken away. It is iti
tins mode that the President is williii<^ to accommodate
tills important controversy with the iiritishf^overnment, and
it cannot be conceived on what ground the arrungiinent
rail be re I used.

A susjiension of tlie practice in impressment, pendinij
the armistice, seems to be a m cessary consequence. It
oaiiiiot be presumed, while the parses are engaged in a
negocialion to adjust amic>i)ly this important ditference,
ilial the U. Stales would admit the right or acquiesce in
the practice of the opposite party ; or that G. Britain
would be unwilling to restrain her cmizers from a practice
which would have the strongest tendency to defeat the ne-
gociatiou. It is presumable that both parties would enter
into the ue-rociatiou with a sincere desire to give it eti'ect.
For this purpose it is necessiiry that a clear and distinct
uiulerslanding' be first obtained between them, of the ac-
coinmodatiou wliich each is prepared to make. If the
British government is willing to suspend the practice of
impressment from American vessels, on consideration that

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HISTORY OF THE WAK.

ll»e U. Stales will e\clml(* Uritisii seamen from tlirirsfr.
vict', the rPSjnlaliouH by wliieh this comproiniso slu)ii|(| Ur
canit'il into efterl would l)e so!el\ Ihe object ot neg'oeialion
The nrmiHlice would l)e of *|jorl dnralion. If the partir,
ar^reed, peace would he the rt^ull. If the neg'ociatior;
fa Iti!, each would be restored to its foriiur slate, and li?
all ii« preleiisuius, b\ recurring' to war.

Lord CiHlli're.»i;li, in his note to Mr Russell, seems ir,
have supposed, that had the British ••ov eminent accepted
Ihe |>roposilionsniade to it, Ci. Brilani would have suspend,
ed iininedialely the exercise; of a ri^lil, on the mere assur.
ance <tf tiiis ^overument that a law would be atterwaids
passe<l to prolubil the euiploynieiit ol British seamen in the
service of the I '. States, aiid that G. Britain wouhi have no
;ige icy in the rcj^ulaliou to g^ive et^ecl to that proposilion
^iicli an idea was not in tjje contemplaliou of this f;;o\erii.
ment, nor is to lu- reasonably inferred from Mr. Russfll's
note; lest, however, by possibility su<;h an inference miifht
be drawn from instruct ons to Mr. Busscli, and anxioiu
that thcrt' shouUi be no misu'.iderslaiidmj;^ in the case, sub-
sequent instructior;>- were g'iven to Mr. Russell with a
View lo obviate «v' ry objection of the kind alluded to
As Ihey bear date on 27lh .Tuly, and were forwarded Ijv
the British packet Althea, it is more than probable that
they may iiave been received and acted on.

I am happy to explain to you thusfullv the vicvs of my
government ou this important subject. The President de-
sires that the war which exists belvveeu our coup' ries should
be terminated on such conditions as may secure a solid
and durable peace. To accomplish this great object it is
liecessary that the interest of impressment be satisfactorily
arranged. He is willing" that G. Britam should be secured
ia<j-aiiist the evils of which she complains. He seeks on the
other hand that the citizens of the U. States should be pro-
tected ai;aii st si |)ractice, which, while it degrades the na-
tion, <leurives them ot their rights as freemen, takes them
by force from their families and their ciuuitry iuto a fc-
elgn service, lo light the battles of a foreign power, per-
haps against their owukuulred aiul country.

1 abstain from entennsr, in this coiuniuncation, into otlifr
groui.ds of difference. The Orders m Council having heeii
repealed, (with a reservation not impairmj^a corresponding;

HISTORY OP TIIK WAR.

I'/y

rij/|»l on llie part of lU** U. SloUs) a <l no illo^al hlork-
,)(U'> i'f\ivc^ or i)t<ttiliitft) til tlii'ic sUiiiJ, and an viiiJcr-
slamli'tpT '^'^''''J? ^^'^^">*^'^ on I In -.jlijtct ot iai|irc^snu i, in
tilt' lUOtU* hert'in propojjtd, tin P.rs.dciil js v'llliii^ lu a^iet
to ai't'ssatmii ot IiosIiIiIms, willi a vit-w lo arraiigx' liy lua-
tv. III u luoie distinct and aiiipif luainuM', and lu the satis-
iaflion ot l)otli parties, evtrv ohtr Hu'ject of coiitrovt'r>y.

I will only add that ifliurehe nooiijcctioii to an acooni-
iiiodation of du' diffvrence rflatii:or to impri'ssiiKiil, in Ui«
mode proposed, other than the suspension of ih*- Bnfish
claim to iinpresstueiil during- the armistice, there can he
none to proceeding;, without die armistice, to an inmiedi-
aii; discussion and arrangement of an articK on thai sul'jeet.
I'his j^reat question hemg- satisfactorily adjustt^d, the way
will i)t open either fi^r an anuisuce or any otiier cunise
le<i' '.ig inost conveniently and expediliously lo a general
nacitication. i Ijave ttie honor to he,v.('.

.lAxVIES MONROE.

BRITISH CHALLENGE.

Ignorant of the tate of liie blusterm}^ JJacres^ air James
Yen, of the Southampton frigate, sent the follow inj; jwlite
challenge to Ca|it. L). Porter, commander of the Innate
Essex. The king, * the fountain of honor,' dubbed tur
James, a /cmy/e^ ; we wished Capt. Porter the |<»leasure of
driiUting him into a gentleman.

' A passenger of the brig Lyon from Havanna to New-
York, captured by the frigate Southampton, sir James Yeo,
couiixiander, is requested by sir James Yeo, to present his
compliments to Capi Poiier, commander of ihp American
frigate Essex, would be glad io \)Q.vt a tete-a-tete any where
between the capes of Delaware and tlie Havanna, when he
would have the pleasure to break hJH own sword over his
damned head and put him down forward in irons.' .

AMERICAN ACCEPTANCE.

Capt. Porter, of tlie U. Stales ingate Essex, presents
Ills complmients to sir James Yeo, commanding his liri-
tannic majesty's frigate Southampton, and accepts with
pleasure his polite invitation. If agreeable to sir Ja,mesy
Capt, Porter would prefer meeting near the Delaware,
Wiiere, Capt. P. pledges his honor to sir James, that iio
other American vessel shall interrupt their tete-a-tete.

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190

HISTORY OP THE WAR.

ThoEsse? may he known by a fl;^t? bearing' the inotto-^
FRKK TR»DF. AND SAILOKS' RICJnTS ;

An<l when III it is slrnrk lo llu* ^onlhiimplon Capt. Porter
will cl»'MM\€' thr trf':i>nirnt promised by sir James.

Philadelphia, iii'pt. IS, IHX'i.

for

CHAPTER VI.

JONES' VICTORY— AND CAPTPRE.

Capt. Junes lo the ^ecreion/ of Ihc :\avfj.

Nkvv-Y UK., Nov. 2*4, 1812.
SIR — I here avail inysell" of the Hrsl opportunity ot"

in-

of Iht

e occurrences ot our cruise, which ler-
miiiHted in the capUire of iho Wjisp on the 18th of Oct by
th<: Poictiers of 74 guns, while si wn^ck from duma^es re-
ceived in an engagement vvilii the British sloop of war Frolic,
of 22 guns ; sixteen ot them thirty-two pouud carron-
ades, and tour twelve pounders on the main deck, and two
twelve pouiiders, carronades, on the top-gallanl-forecaslle,
makiiiLj her superior in force to us by 4 twelve pounders.
The Frolic had struck to us, and was taken possessioii ot'
about two hours before our surrendering lo the Poictiers.

We had left the DcUware on the 1:3th. The 16lh hud a
lieavv gale, m which we lost our jib-boom and two men.
Halt p. st eleven, on the night of the 17th, in the latitude
ot ;37 deg. N. and Ion, 65 deg. W. we saw several sail,
two of them appearing very large; we stood from them
for some time, then shortened sail and steered the remain-
dt-r 01 the night the course we hud perceived tliem on.
At *a\ -light on Sunday the 18th we saw them ahead—
gave chase and soo i discovered them to l»e a convoy of
siv sail, under the proleclioii of a soon of 'var ; lour of
th< m large ships, mounting from 16 to 18 guns. At lluity
two miuules past 11, A^ M. we engaged ttio sloop of vvnr,
hav.n^ first received lur tire at the disl'.ince of lifts or sixlv
yards, which space we gradually lessened until we aid her
01 board, after a well supported hre of 4^3 ui nntes; and al-
Jthoogh so near while loading the last broadside that our
rammers u ere shoved ;igainst the side of the enemy, our
llieii eiiliibiied the sanse alacrity which they had done drr

i :

inSTORY OF THRXTAR.

1«

mijlhc whole of the aclioii. Tluy ittimrd lately siirreiuler-
tii iijion onr {jfainiiijr *l»c"' torecastle, so Ihat no Ims wa»
jjust «i ed oiieilhtT side itterbourilinsf. •*' '♦'•■f.''*' >♦• i><::'nr

Our niniii-lO|)-niast was shot away lielvpeen 4 nn«i * min-;
hUh t'roni the rominciicrMH'Ht of the firing, and falling loaiiuto|)-sad \ard across the hirhourd-
ii)re and fore-lop-sail braces, rendered our head-yardn uiw
ni iia^eihle llie remainder of the action. At eight mntiites
ttie^altand main-top-*rallant mast came down, and at
•JO niinntesfrom the higin; mg of theaclioii every hrace and
most of the riggmg v\as shot away. A few niimile^ after
sp|»;iralnig troni ihe Frolic both her mast fell tipoii deck,
the mainmast going close by the deck, and the foremast
twelve 01 tifteen feet above it.

The courage and exertions of the officers and crew fully
answerefi n\\ expectations and wishes.

I have *the honor to be, ^c. J ACOB JON ES.

AMERICAN LOSS.
Killed 5 — wounded 5.

BRITISH LOSS.

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Killed 27 — wounded 44.

DECATUR'S VICTORY.

Com. Decatur to the Secretary of the Ncvy.
U, S. S. Lnited states, at sea, Oct. 30, 181-2.

SIR — I have the honor to inform you, that on the 25lh
inst. being in lat, 29 deg. N. long. :20, 30 W. we fell in
with, a. id, after an action of one hour and a half, captured
his Britannic majesty's frigate Mace. Jon lan, commanded
by Capt." John (Jarden, and mounting 49 carriage guns
(tiie odd gun shifting.) She is a frigate of the largest
class, two years old, four months out of dock, and reputed
oneof the best sailers in the British service. The enemy
being to wiudward, had the advantage of engaging usat
his own distance, which was so great, that for thetirst half
hour we did not use our carronades, and at no moment
was he within the complete effect of our musketry or graj>e;
to this circumstance and a heavy swell, which was on at
the time, I ascribe the unusual length of the action.

The enthusiasm of every officer, seamen, and marine on
board this ship, on discovering the enemy — their steady

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HISTORY OV THE WAB.

conduck ill bRllle, and precUion of their 6re, could iiol U
■ur|r<iiiM!d> Where all met my fiillust cxpeclaiion.s, it
^uuld Ije iiiijuiit III me tu discriminate. Permit me, how.
ever» to recouimtiiiiL to your purticular notice, my firnt Lieut.
Wiltu»m H. Alien. |Ie has served with me upwards of
five years, and tu his uuremilLcd exertions in diKciplining
the crew, 18 to be im|iuted the obvious superiority of our
gunnery exhibited m the result of the contest.

The MAceUpnian lost her mizen-mast, lore and main-top.
masts and mimi yard, and was much cut up in her hull.
ThedatuQge sustained by this ship was nut i»uch as to rei).
der hvr return into port necessary, and h^^d 1 not deemed it
ijn|»o.t«ku,tthat we fihould see our prize ju, should have con-
tinued our cruise.

With the l9J£lie»t consideration, &c. '

,,l. STEPHEN J)j:CATUR.

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AMERICAN LOSS.

Killed 7— rwouixded^i.

BKITISU LOSS.

Killed 36 — wouat! d ei8— prisoners 270.

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BAINBRIDGFS VrCTORY.

Cew. Bainbridf/e to the Secretary o/ the Navy.
V. iS, t\ Coiistituiiott, St Salvador^ Jan. 3, 1818.
SIR — I have the honor to iiuform you, that on the 'JOth
ultimo, at 2 P. M. in south latitude 1*3,00, and west long,
3^, 10 leagues diMance from the coast of Brazils, I fell in
ivitli and captured his Britannic majesty's frigate Javn, ot
49 guns and upw ards of 400 men, commanded by Capt.
LambeT't, a very distinguished ofiicer. The action ladled
etie hour aqd o6 minutes, in which time the enemy was
completely dismasted, not having a spar of any kind slnnd-
iog. The loss on board the Constitution was 9 killed nnd
25 wounded, a,H per enclosed list. The enemy had 00 killed
and 101 woi^nded, certainly, (among the latter Cupt. L.ra*
bert, mprtally; but by the enclosed letter, written on board
the ship, (by one of the pBicersof the Java) and accidental-
ly found, it is evident tiiat the enemy's wounded must have
been much greater than above stated, and who must have
died of their wounds previously to their being removed.
The letter states sixty killed and 170 wounded.

niSTORY OV tWt VTMt.

Ids

For furllier drtailM of ihe action, I brg leave to refer you
totht' enclosed extracts from my jouiiial. Tlie Javm liad
in addition to lier own crew upwards of one hundnvl mi-
nernumerary oHicersand seamen, to join the HriiiMh Hhips
of war in ihe East Indies; also, Lieutenant-Generat Urs-
loj», appointed lo the command of Bomlmy, Major Walker,
and Capt. Wood, of his slaft*, and Capt. IVIarshnll. muster
and coiiiuiaiider in the British navy, going to ihe East
ImliHS lo take command of a sloop of war there.

Should I attempt to do justice, hy representation, lo the
brave and good conduct of all my officers and crew,dunng
tlie action, I should fail in the attempt ; therefore, suflice
it to say, that the whole of their conduct was such as to
merit my highest enconiums. On blowing up of the frigate
Java, 1 proceeded to this place, where I have landed all
the prisoners on their parole, to return to England, and
there remain until regularly exchanged, and not serve in
their professional capacities in any place or in any manner
\*hatever against ihe U .States of America, until the ex-
change shall be eftected.

I have the honor to be, &c.

W. BAINBRIDGE.

AMERICAN LOSS*

Killed 9— wounded 25.

BUITISH LOSS.

' Killed GO— wounded 101— prisonere 376.

Extract from CommodoreWm.Bainbridge's Journal, kept
on board the U. S. F. Constitution.

* Tuesdai/, Dec. 29, lSi2.
* At 9 A. M. discovered two strange sails on the weath-
er bow. At 10 discovered the strange sails lo be ships;
one of them stood in for the land and the other stood off
shore, in a direction towards us. At 10, 46 A. M. \ye
tacked ship to tlie northward and westward and stood for
the sail standing towards us, and at 11 A. M tacked to \\w
southward and eastward, hauled up the mainsail and took
ill the royals. At 11,30, made the private signal for the
dav, which was not answered, and then set the mainsail and
royals to draw the strange sail off from the neutral coast;
^iid separate her from the sail in coropany.

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184

HISTORY OF TUL WAR.

I It

;s fi

* In lal. 13, 9, S. lon|^. 3H W. ti u I', ijfiies iiom tin- « «, t-rf
of Brizil, coinmeiict^g wilh clear we itliir niid niuiUiMir
bre*'/eK from E. N. E. hoiNted our ensign aiui peiidunt. At
\'i iiiiiiuleH past meruliaii, tiic slii|> hoisted Iter culum — ait
English ensig^n, haviiitf a ^tig-iial Hying at lur main.

* At 1,26, P. VI, (xiuif HutHcieiitly tVom the land, and
finding the ^hip to be a;i Enghsh frigate, took in lliu niuin.
fiail and royals, tacked Mhip and stood for the enemy. At
1,3U, P. M. the enemy bore down with un mttntion ot ink-
iiig us which we avoided by wearing. At '1 P. M. the en.
etny being withm half a mile of us, and to windward, and
having hauled down his colors except the union jack at the
mizenmast head, induced me to give orders to ttie olHct m
of the 3d division to tire a gun ahead of the eneniN , to
makehiui show his colors, which being done, brought on u
fire from us of the whole broadside, on which the eiitmy
hoisted his colors, and innnediately returned our tire. A
general action with round and i>Viipe then commenced ;
the eiumy keeping at a much gi^^'ter distance than I wish.
ed ; but could not bring him to u closer action, without ex-
posing ourselves to several rakes. Considerable manoovers
were made by both vessels to rake and avoid beiig liik-
ed. The following minutes were taken during the aciioii :

* At 2, 10, P. M, commenced the action within good
grape and cannister distance, the enemy to windward, but
much farther than 1 wished.

* At 2,30, our wheel was shot entirely away.

* At 2, 40, determined lo<lose Mitli the enemy notwitli-
standing his raking, ^et the fore and mainsail, aiid lulled
Up close to him. ''

* At 2, 50, the enemy's jib-boom got foul of our mizeii
rigging.

* At 3, the head of the enemy's bowsprit and jib-boom
shot away by us.

* At 3, 5, shot away his fore-mast by the board.

<At 3, 15, shot away hts mam-top- mast just above the

cap.

J * At 3, 40, shot away the gaff and spanker boom.
' At 3, o5, shot away his unzen-mast nearly by the board.
* Vi -S 5, having silenced the ti.t^ oithcMiemy completely,
anu his colors in the mam ii^guig beino- down, bU])po'<t'(l

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

185

It; liaO struck ; then hauled down U)(> courses to shoot
;tlit'iul to repair uur rig'y^iiig, which was exlreincly cul ;
leaving the enemy a complete wreck ; noon alter uikcuv-
vrcd that the eiieui)'*M fla;^ was still tlyiiit^. Hove too to re-
pair some of our damaiye.

' At '20 minutes past 4, the enemy's mainmast went
iicarly Uy the hoard. ,

' At GO iniiiiiles past 4, wore ship and stood for the eu-
tiny.

* At '2i'} minu es past />, >rn\. close to the enemy, in a very
itK'clual rakmg' pusitior> ,\vi his bows, and was at the
iitslance of raking him, most prudently struck his
h'^ : for had he sud'crei • idside to have raked huu,
h;s ndtlitional loss must lu n extremely great — as lie
laid lui niimaifag-eable wreck upon the water. Alter the
eni'iuy had struck, wore ship and reefed the tojisads-^— then
hoisted out one of the only two remaining boats we itad
left out of eight, and sent Lieut. Parker, 1st of the Consti-
tulion, to take possession of the enemy, which |>roved to be
lii^ Britannic majesty's frigate Java, rated 88, but carried
49 gnus, and manned with upwards ot 401) men, command-
ed by Capt. Lambert, a very distinguished officer, who
was mortally wounded. The action continued from com-
nuiicementto the end of the fire, one hour and 55 mmutes.
Tiie Java had her own com})lenieitt of men complete, and
u|)\vards of one hundred supernumeraries, going to British
ships of war to the East Indies — also several officers, pas-
sengers, going out un promotion. The force ot the enemy
in number of men at the commencement of the action was
no <luul>t considerably greater than we have been able to
ascertain, which is upwards of 400 men. The officers were
(xtremely cautious in disovering the number. By her
quarter bill ; she had one more man stationed to each gua
than we had.

' The Constitution was very much cut in her sails, and
rigging, and many of her spars injured.

* At 7, P. M. the boat returned with Lieut. Chads the
tirst Lieut, of the enemy's frigate, and Lieut. Gen. Hislop^
(appointed Governor of Bombay) Maj. Walker, and Capt,
Wood.

'Capt. Lambert was too dangerously wounded to be re-
moved inimediatclv. The cutter returned en board th#

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186

HISTORY OF THE UAB.

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prize for the prisoiieni« an<] brought Capt Marshall, master
aiitl coniniundant in the British navy, who was a passenger
oil iMtard, also, Ncveral other naval officers.

* The Java was an ini|iortant ship, fitted out in the com-
plelest manner, to carry Lieut. Gen. Hislop and staff to
Bombay.

Letter above alluded lOtfrom an officer of the Java,
t'omltliition, St. Salvador, BrazilSfJan. 1, 1813.
My dear sir — I uni sorry to inform you of the unpleas-
ant news of Mr. Gascoine^s death. Mr. Gascoine and my-
self were shipmates in the Marlborough, and first came to
sea together, lie was shot early in the action by a round
shot in his right thigh, and died in a few m;;.ates afterwards.
Four others of his messmates shared the same fate, together
with 00 men killed and 1 70 wounded. The official ac-
count you will no doubt have read before this reaches you.
I beg you will let all his friends and relations know of his
untimely fate.

We were on board the Java for a passage to India
when we fell in with this frigate. — Two parcels I have
sent you under good care, and I hope this will reach yon
safely. Yours truly,

H. D. CORNECK.
Lieut. P. V. Wood, 22d reg. Isle of France,

. LAWRENCE'S VICTORY.
Capl. Lawrence to the Secretary oj the Navy.
U. S. 8. Hornet, Holmes' Hole, March 19, 1813.
SIR — I have the honor to ir.ibrm you of the arrival at
this port, of the U. S. ship Hornet, under my command,
from a cruise of 145 days, and to slate to you, that after
Com. Bainbridge left the coast of Brnxils, (on the 6lh of
January last) the Hornet continued of!' the harbor of St.
Salvador, blockading the Bonne Cilt^yenne, of 21 guns,
imtil the 24tl), when the Montagu, 74, hove in sight and
chased me into the harbor; but night coming on I wore
and stood to the southward. Knowing that she had left
Rio Janeiro for the express purpose of relieving the Bonne
Citoyennc, and the Packet, of 14 gun:* (which I had also
blocKaded for fourteen days, and obliged her to send her
liiail to Rio, in a Portuguese smack) I judged it most pnv

'«■-*

uihTORY OP rnc war.

187

(lent to clianee our cruising ground, nntl stooa to tlie casl-
wardy with tne view of cruising ofT PerntimlMico — and on
ihc'llh da^- of February, raptured the En<(lish brig Ren-
oliUion, from Rio Janeiro, bound to Moraunttni, with cof-
fee, jerked beef, flour, fustic, and buller, and about *2«5,000
(ioiiars in s|)ecie. Am the brig sailed dull, and could ill
sjiare handn to man her, 1 took out the money and set her
on fire. I then run down the coant for Moranham, and
cruised there a short time ; from thence ran otf Surrinam.
A Aer cruising otf that coast from the dth to the 22d of Feb-
runry, without meeting a vessel, 1 stood for Demarara, with
an intention should I not be i'ortunalc on that station, to
mn through the West Indies, on my way to the U. Stales/
But on the morning of the 24th, T discovered a brig to lee-!
ward, to which I gave chase; ran into quarter less four,'
and not having a pilot, was obliged to hatl off— the fort at*
tiie entrance of Demarara river at this tiuMB bearing S. W. ^
distance about 2 1-2 leagues. Previously (^|^ving up the.
chase, I discovered a vessel at anchor without the bar ^ith'
English colors flying, appaiently a brig of war. In beat-^
ing round Corrobano bank, in order to get al her, at half
past 3, P. M. I discovered another sail on my weather'
quarter, edging down for us. At 4, 20, she hoisted Eng-
lish colors, at which time we discovered her to be a large
man of war brig — beat to quarters, and cleared ship for
action — kept close hy the wind, in order if possible to get
the weather guage. At 5, 10, finding I could weather the
enemy, I hoisted American colors, and tacked. At 5, 20»
in passing each other, exchanged broadsides within half
pistol shot. Observing the enemy in the act of wearing,
1 bore up, received his starboard broadside, ran iiim close
on board on the starboard quatter, and kept up such a heavy
and well directed Are, that in less than 15 minutes he sur-
rendered, being literally cut to pieces, and hoisted an
ensign, union down, from his fore rigging, as a signal of
distress. Shortly after his mainmast wertt by the board.
Despatched Lieut. Shubrick on Uoard, who soon returned
with her first Lieut, who reported her to be his Britunnic
majesty's late brig Peacock, commanded by Capt, Wil-
liam Peake, who fell in the latter part of the action — that
a number of her crew were killed and wounded, and that
she was staking fast; having then six feet of wate r ia her

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9IST0KY or TU£ WAB.

I- ' -

ill

hold. Despatched the boats ininiediately for the wound-
ed, and brought both veweb to anchor. Such shot hoies
as could be got at, were then plugged ; her guns thrown
overboard, and every possible exertion used to keep her
afloat, until the prisoners could be removed, by pumping
and bailnig, but without effect; and she unfortunately sitiik
in five and a half fathoms Water, carry ing down M of lier
crow, and three of my brave fellows. Lieut. Conner, niid-
shifHuan Cooper, and the remainder of the Hornet's crt^w,
emploved in removing the prisoners, with difficulty saved
themselves by jumpmg in a boat that was lying on her
bowftas/ihe went down. Four men, of the 13 mentioned,
^ere so fortunate as to gain the fore-top, and were after-
wards taken off by the boats. Previous to her going down,
four of her men took to her stern boat, which bad been
much damag^<^ during the action, who, I hope, reached
the shore in sa^t^ ; but from the heavy sea running at the
time, the sham^ state of the boat, and the difficulty of
landing on th^^Mist, 1 much fear they were lost. I have
not been able to ascertain from her officers the exact num-
ber killed. Capt. Peake and four men were found dead
o.( board. The master, one midshipman^ carpenter, and
Ca lain*s clerk, and 29 seamen were wounded, most of
them very severely, three of whom died of their wounds
af'er being removed, and 9 drowned. Our loss was tri-
fling in comparison, being only 2 killed and 3 wounded.
Qiir riggiiig and sails were very much cut; one shot
tiirough ihe foremast, and the bowsprit slightly injured.
Our hull received little or no damage. At the time the
peacock was brought to acki' the L'Espeigle, (the brig
Mentioned above as being at . lor) mounting 16 two and
thirty pound carrqnades s^nd two long nines, lay about six
miles in shore, and coull plainly see the whole of the ac-
tion. Apprehensive that she would beat out to the assist-
ance of her consort, f uch exertions were made by my offi*
cers and crew m repairing damages, &c. that by 9 o'clock
the boats were stowed, a new set of sails bent, and the ship
completely ready for action. At 2, A. M. got under way,
Bud stood by the wind to the northward and westward, un-
der easy sail.

On niusti ring next morning, found we had 277 souls on
board, mciudiog the crew of the American brig Hunter,

HISTOEY OV TBB WAft.

180

oi Portland, Uken a few daysbefora b^ the Peacock. Audi
■M «re had been on two thirds allowance af |>roviftioiM for
!M)uie time, and had but 3,400 gallona of water on board,
I rcduoed the alluwance to three pinte a maui and deter-
Dtiiied to make the be«t of my way to tlie (J. Statet.

The Peacock was deservedly styled one of the finest ves*.
aeU of her class in the British nnvy, probably about the ton*
age of tlie Hornet. Her beam was greater by five inches ;-
but her extreme len gth not so great by four feet. She
mounted 16 twenty four pound carronades, two loognines,
006 twelve pound carroiiade on her top-gallant forecastle,
as a shifting gun, and one 4 or pounder, and 2 sv^ivela
mounted aft. I find by her quarter bill that her crew con-
sisted of 134 men, four of whom were absent in a prize. ,
With the greatest respect, ^c.

JAMES liAV^ENCfi.

p. S. At the commencement of the 4pNt °*y iiAiliDg
roaster and seven men were ubMent in a ^m, aud Lieot.,
Stewart, and six men on the sick lift.

IrM

CHAPTER VII.

> M

{f-

CAPTURE OF LITTLE YORK.

Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War,
H. Q, York, Upper-Canada, April 28, X8l^

SIR — After a detention of some days by adverse winds,
we arrived at this place yesterday morning, and at 8 o*clock
cotntnenced landing the troops about 3 miles westward!
from the town, and one and a naif from the enemy *s worksf
The wind was high and in an unfavorable direction for the
boats, which preyented the landing of the troops at a clear
field, the scite of the ancient French fort Tarento. It pre-
vented also many of the armed vessels from taking jposi-
tioiis, which would have most efieclually covered omr laud-
iag— but every thing that couhl be done was effected.

The riflemen under Major Forsyth first landed, under ft
heavy fire from Indians and other troops. Gen. Sheaffe
commanded in person. He had collected his whole force
in the woods near the point where the wind compelled oar

190

mSTOmT OF THK WAlt.

full

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troops to land. His force consisted of 700 regulars and
militia, and 100 Indians. Major Forsyth was snpportcd n%
promptly as possible ; but the contest was sharp and severe
fbr nearly half an hour, and the enemy were i*epiilNed by a
number far inferior to theirs. As soon ok Gen. Pike laiuU
ed with 7 or 800 men, and the remainder of the troops
-were pushing for the shore, the enemy retreated to thi;ir
works. Our troops were now formed on the cf round ori.
ginaily intended for their landing, advanced through a
thick wood, and after carrying one battery by assault, were
moving on in columns towards the main work ; when in
sixty rods of this, a tremendous explosion took place from a
magazine previously prepared, and which threw out such
immense quantities of stone as most seriously to injure our
troops. 1 have not yet been able to collect the returns of
the killed and wounded ; but our loss will, I fear, exceed
100 ; and amog§ these I have to lament the loss of that
brave and excim6t officer Brig. General Pik«, who receiv>
ed 8 contusion Tbom a large stone, which terminatiKl his
valuable life within a few hours. His loss will be severely
felt.

Previously to this explosion the enemy had retired into
the town, excepting a party of regulars, to the number of
40, who did not escape the effects of the shock, and were
destroyed.

General Sheaffe moved off 'vjth the regular troops, and
left directions with the commanding ofhcer of the mil.tia to
make the best terms he could. In the meaii time all further
resistance on the part of the enemy ceased, and the outlines
of a capitulation were agreed upon.

As soon as I learned that Gen. Pike had been wounded,
I went on shore. To the Gen. I had been induced to con-
fide the immediate attack, from a knowledge that it was
his wish, and that he would have felt mor^tied had it not
been given to him.

Every movement was under my view. The troops be-
haved with great firmness, and deservemiich applause, par-
ticularly those first engaged, and under circumslauces
which would have tried the steadiness of veterans.
' Notwithstanding the enemy's advantage in position and
numbers in the commencement of action, their loss was
greater than ours, especially in ofiicers. It was with great

HISTORY OF TBX WAE.

exertion that tliettmall vessels of ihe fleet could work inio
the harbor against a gaic of wind, but as soon as they got
into a proper position, a tremendous cannonade opened
upon the enemy's batteries, and was kept up against them,
until thev were carried or blown up, and had, no doid)t, a
puwerfui effect upon the enemy.

\Vc have nut the means of transporting the prisoners and
must of course leave them on parole.

I have the honor to be, &c.

HENRY DEARBORN.

■.4J

Cotn. Cftauncei/ to the Secretary of the Navtf.
U. S. Ship Madison, off York, April 28, 1813.

SIR — A;j>:reeubly to your instructions and arrangements
made with Major-Cien. Dearborn, I took on board of the
iiquadron under uiy command the Gen. and suite, and
about 1 700 troop, and left Sackett's Harbor on the 2dth inst.
for this place. We arrived here yesterday morning and
took a position about one mile to the south and westward
of the enemy's principal fort, and as near the shore as we
eouid with safety to the vessels. The place fixed upon by
the IVfajor Gen. and myself for landing the troops, was the
scite of the old French fort Tarento.

Tlie debarkation commenced about 8 o*cl6ck, A* iVf.
anil was completed about 10. The wind blowing heavy
from the eastward, the boats fell to leeward of the position
Hxed upon, and were in consequence exposed to a galling
iire from the enemy, who had taken a position in a thick
wood near where the first troops landed ; however, the
cool intrepidity of the ofiicers and men overcame every ob*
stacle. Their attack upon the enemy was so vigorous, that
he fled in every direction, leaving|k great many of his killed
and wounded upon the field. As soon as the troops wert
landed, I directed the schooners to take a position near the
forts, in order that the attack on them by the army ani na-
vy might be simultaneous. The schooners were obliged to
beat up to their position, which they did in a very handsome
order, under a very lieavy fire from the enemy's batteries,
and took a position within about GOO yards of their princi-
pal fort, and opened a heavy cannonade upon the enemy
which did great execution, and very much contributed to
their final destruction. The troops, as soon as landed.

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.Sr .if-'n} i-/

102

niSTOnT OF THE WAR.

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I 'I I

:, 1

i i 1

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'11 '

all

were formed under the immediate orders of Brig;. General
Pike, wtioled in n moAt (gallant manner the attack upon the
fortfi, and at\er havin^^ carried two redoublx in their a|).

i>roach to the principal work, (the enemy having previous-
y laid a train) blew up his ma^a/jne, which in its effects
upon our troops was dreadful, having killed and wounded
& great many, and amongst the former, the ever tu be la»
mented Brig. General Pike, who fell at the head »f his
co'unm by a contusion received by a heavy stotic from the
ma<j;azine. His death at this time is much to he regretted,
as he hud the perfect confidence of the Major-Geiieral ; and
his known activity, zeal, and experience, makes his loss t
national one.

In consequence of the fall of Gen. Pike, the command of
the troops devolved for a time upon Col. Pierce, who soon
after took possession of the town. At about 2, P. M. the
American flag was substituted for the British, and at aboot
four, our troops were in quiet possession of the town. As
soon as Gen. Dearborn learnt the situation of Gen. Pike,
he landed and assumed the command. I have the honor
of enclosing a copy of the capitulation which was entered
into, and approved by Gen. bearborn and myself.

The enemy set fire to some of his principal stores, con-
taining large quantities of naval and military stores, as well
M a large ship upon the stocks nearly finished — the only
vessel found here is the Duke of Gloucester, undcrguuig
repairs — the prince regent left here on the 24th for Kings-
ton. We have not yet had a return made of the naval and
military stores, consequently can form no correct idea oi the
quantity, but have made arrangements to have all taken
on board that we can receive — the rest will be destroyed.

I have to regret the death of midshipmen Thompson and
Ratfield, and several seamen killed — the f xact number I
do not know, as the returns from the different vessels have
not yet been received.

I have the honor to be, &r.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

TERMS OF CAPITULATION,

Entered into on the 27th of April, 181.3, for the surrender
of the town of York, in Upper Canada, to the army and
navy of the Unued States, under t'e co'.nmand of Major*
Gen. Dearborn and Commodore Cimuucey.

1II8TORT OF TBS VTAM,

loa

That the troops, regular and militia, at this fiost, ami the
QRvai officers and seamen, shall be surrendered prtsoi^era
oi war The troops, regular and militia, are to ground
Ibcir arms immediately on parole, and the naval officers
aiiti Neamen be immediately NUrrendered.

That all public stores, naval and military shall be imme-
diately given up to the commanding officers of the army
iiml navy of the U. Stales.";— That all private jtroperty
vliitll be guaranteed to the citizens of the town of York.

Tliat ail papers belonging to the civil officers ahull lie re-
tained bv them — that such Kurgcons an may be procured to
Httend tlie wounded of the British regu ars aud Canadian
militia shall not be considered prisoners of war.

That I Lieut. Col. 1 Major, 13 Cauls, Lieuts. 11 £ti.
iMgns, i Q^uarter- master, 1 deputy Adjutant-General, 19
serjeanls, 4 corporals, and 204 rank and tilc'^ of the militia.
Ot'tiiefield train department 1, of the provincial navy 21,
of his majesty *s troops 3, and of the royal artillery 1 bom-
bardier and gunners, shall be surrendered as prisoners of
war, and accounted for in the exchange of prisoners be-
tween the LT. Stales and G Britain.
G.15. MITCHELL, Lt. Col. 3d A. tJ. S.
SAMUEL S. CONNER, Maj. and AD. C. to

Maj. Gen. De irborn*
WILLIAM KING, Maj. U. S. Inlantry.
JESSE D. ELLIOT, Lieut. U. S. Navy.
W. CHEVVITT, Lt. Col. com. 3d Reg Y. militia.
W. ALLAN, Maj. dd Reg. York militia.
F. GAURREAU, Lieut. M. Dpi. ^» ^ >.

Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War*

Niagara, May 3, 1813.

[ExlracL'] York was one immense niajjazine, whieli sup-
plied Niagara, Detroit, and fort George. The troops
were halted a few moments to bring up the heavy artdlery
to play on the block house, when Gen. Sheaife despairing of
holding the town, ordered iire to be put to the principal
magazine, in which was deposited 5(X) l>arrels of powder^
and un immense quantity of shells and shot. The explo-
sion was tremendous, aitd raked our column from front to
rear with such efiect that it killed 62, and wounded 180 oC
our men, among the latter was brig. Gen. Pike, who died

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104

HIKTORY or TBB WAR.

of hit wouiulf) ibortly aAtr. NotwithNtQiiding this cnlainl-
\y, nntl ihe tli»coiiifilure that mii^hi be expecWd to follow it,
i/te irttoptffave thro: cheera^ intlanUtf Jormedt and marchfd
OH for ihe town, Nuiwilhulandiiig^ the inimenHO tiinoiint
ilestroyed by them, we found more nubhc property th»n
our vesAclR could bring away. Gen. SheaflTc^s baggage and
paperH fell into oiy haudN ; they are a valuable acquisition.
A SCALP wnN louiid in the Execulite and legislative
Couucil Chamijt;r, suspended near the Speaker's chair. A
slalemetit ol'uur lohs, as well as that of the enemy is sub-
joined.

AMERICAN LOSS.

Killed in battle 14— do. by the explosion 62.
Wounded in battle 2^1 — do. by the explosion 180.

BRITISH LOSS.

.. Killed in battle To — do. by their explosion 40.
^( Wounded in battle 02 — do. by their explosion 23.
.n Prisoners, militia 700 — do. regulars dO.

-34|. ; Oen. Winchester to the Secretary of War.

Fort Getngey Upper Canada, Feb. 11, 1813.

^\}^ — On the2dd ultimo, I had the honor of communi-
cating to your excellency the result of the action at French-
town on tlie river Raisin, of tlie preceding day. I have
it now in my power to transmit to yon a more detailed ac-
count of that transaction, together with a more minute
statement of our loss. A list of the killed, and wounded,
and missing, is herewith enclosed. The attack upon our
camp was commenced about o*clock in the morning, hy
a heavy tire of small arms together with the discharge of (>
pieces of artillery, directed immediately at our lines, and
the houses and temporary breast-work, from behind which a
portion of our troops were engaged with the enemy. Ear-
ly in the action a charge was made by the assailants ; but
the tire from our lines w:is so intense that they were quickly
Compelled to retire.

In this charge the 4 1st regiment of British regulars prin-
cipally suft'ert d, their loss during the charge and in th«
g(4>8equeiit engagement, being very considerable. Out of
three huiui red uf these troops about 30 fell dead upon the
field, and 90 or 100 wounded were removed from the
ground, , „

HISTORY or TIIS WAS.

19ft

It it iinpotnilile lo stale with any deforce of accnrncy
the number of Ciiiiadiaii iitilitta anil Indians wliieh wero
killed or wuuiuted during the en^geuienl ; it could, liovr-
f>ver, not have l>eeii small, having received for ihrM or four
lioui « the coiiNlanl fire of the inutkelry and riflemen, from
tlie breastwork under which they were formed. The ac*
tioii had endured nlioul u quarter of an hour, ^^ hen the right
division of our lruo|>N, who were leMst secured by a breast-
work, and exjioiic'd to a heavy tire from a body of Indians
and militiu, who had pOMsessed themselves of some out-
liouMCs within tlieir reach, were obliged to retreat froui their
lilies in the encam|inieiit, for the purpose of occupying
ground less ex|)esed. This retreat being discovered[ l>|;
the enemy, the whole Indian force, together with a portion
ol llie militia, bore down u(K>n them with redoubled vio-
\e\\c*'t and prevented, by their su)ieriority of numliers and
the severity of their (ire, the practicability of ever n^ain
forming this portion of our troops in order of battle. It
was from this division that oui^ principal loss was sustained,
few indeed having escaped. Every eflort in vain was em-
ployed to form them in some order of action, as affording
the only means of either repelling the pursuers, or regain-
ing the temporary breast-work from behind which the re-^
roaining part of our troops still gallantly defended them-
selves; but every exertion was in vain employed, and the
very few who survived of the party surrendered as prison*
ers to the enemy.

Our loss in this action will be ascertained by the list
herewith enclosed. Among the killsd, I have to lament
several brave .and valuable officers, some of whom had
distinguished themselves in the action o( the evening of tha
18th, and fell on the 22d, while unavailingly engaged in
rallying the troops, who retreated in disorder from the lin^i.
Among those, the loss of Col. John Allen, and Major C
M'Crannahan, is to be particularly regretted, as also Capt.
John H. Woolfolk, one of my aids-de-camp; their exisr^
tisns were unsuccessful, notwithstanding every posanfM
exertion was employed ; they bravely fell in dischargis of
their respective duties. While I regret the fate of those
who bravely fell upon this occasion, I should do injustice
to pass over, without notice, the few partakers in their dan*
ger, who were fortunate lo ^iinive the», To JLieut, Gq\,

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HISTOkY or THE WAK.

WilliMn Lewifly who commanded on the 18th, and tnCnpt.
John Overton, my aid-de-camp, who attended mv perwn
on the field, my thank* are particularly due, for ihHr
prompt and willing exertion, dnrintif every period ot (hi
conflict. To the otiirer« and noldicrN who hravely ninin.
taiiied their ground in the temporary fortificationn. too
much praise cannot be bentowed. Assailed by nnmhfnt,
greatly superior, supported by six pieces of nrtdtrry, the^
gallantly defended lhem>wlves with their small arms nione,
lor near four hours of constant battle. No troops ever lie.
haved with more cool and determined bravery ; from the
conimunduig officer down to the private soldier, there witt
scarce a single abandonment of duty ; iind at the last wlien
their ammunition was nearly exhauste<i, and Nurroui)d«<l
by the enemy, greatly superior in numi^er and the meaiiN ot
war, surrendered with a reluctance rarely to be found upon
simdar occasions. The officers coumianding in the hreaKt-
work (tetended themselves to the last, with great giiillantry,
and merit my warmest gratitude, as well as the higliei^t
jjjraise of their country,
i With sentiments of respect, &c.

J. WINCHESTER.

*h-i

AMGBICAN LOSS.

SLilIed, wounded, and missing 8Gii.

BRITISH LOSS.

Killed 160— wounded 158. -"» '

MASSACRE OF GEN. WINCHESTER'S ARMY.

\ThefoUmv\nfj Narrative of tke mansacre at Irenchtown,

after Gen. IVinchester's defeat, wan drawn up by Lieut.

Jbaker of the ^ regt. L. iS. Infantry. "]

So much has been said about the Indian massacres at
FtencHtown and its neighborhood, that something circum-
atuntiai from one who bad an opportunity of acquiring in-
formation on the subjert may not be unsicceptable to llie
public. I theretore submit the following narrative.

On the morning of the 22d pf January, I was captured
by the Indians about 9 o'clock, with another officer and about
forty men. Closely pursued by an overwhelming force of
Indians, we were endeavoring to eftiBCt our esca|3e, and
liud attained tRe d stance ot about three miles from Freiich-
towHy when an oiier ot' quarter was made us by an liidiaii

HISTORY or TttV WiUl.

19:

(^wf, MiUiy ItHliun chiefs oiihorsebnck b^itig^ in oiirrea^,
toiiiiihawkiiiif Ihe himlmott, ind withal thi; men heinp;
miicli wenritfl ivitli ninningf through Ihi? (tct'p miow, we
cotirlmled it l>»il to accept the chieTii i*rnpoiition. Ac-
cordingly We atwrmlilcd firoinid him, «hft ;^avfi up th ''^ixv
remuiitini; annit Ihut were nidi retained in the flig;ht. In a
few minutes the 'ndiuiiN on tuot cnnieiip,and notwUhntand-
iiij^the chief appeared solicitoust to nave, niartMacred about
hulf onr numlier. 1 wqm led hack towardti the river alone
the road we had retreated ui. l*he dead Ixitlies of my ftT-
low comrades, scained, tomahawked, and stripped, pre-
sented a most horrid spectacle to my view. I wan ui length
taken to a fire near Cd. Proctor, where I remained till our
army capitulated, and marched by me tuwards Maiden.
M»jor Madison,* as be was marchmg; past, demanded me
of the British officer command ling^ the piard, as an Amer-
ican officer ; but the noble Briton replied with a sneer,
* You have too many officers,* and ordered the column to
advance which had made a partial halt I was taken to
Sandy creek, about three miles off, on HulPs road, and
there kept during the night with about 20 other prisoners.
iNext moroing my master led me in charge of the old In-
dian, and with the exception of 20 or 30, all the Indians in
the camp went back towards the river Raisin. They re-
turned about 2 o*c lock, P. M. bringing a number of fresh
scalps and about 30 prisoners, many oi' whom were wound-
ed, though with a single exception, none dangerously. I
was told by the prisoners that the Indians had that mornino^
returned to the village, and massacred Capt. H*ckman and
a great many others, and that they were feai'ful that Maj.
Graves and Capt. Hart were of the number; that some of
the wounded had been scalped alive and burned in the
houses. I had scarcely been told these things, when a vol-
unteer who was standing by my side, was knocked down,.

« Jfter the twrender of our troops to the Britiihj at the river Raisin^ the
Indmnst in violation of the articlee of'eapiiulation, crowded among them^
and mere plunderitig their property~~when Ute heroic Madison desired Col.
Proctor to keep them off;-^" the Indians areferee and unmanageable, (said
Preetor) it canoot k»e done* Madison eooly replied, * if you cannot dis-
perse tbem, 1 will.* — the men were ordered to shouldtr their arms, and
Procior fearing thai ^cliarge bayonet' would foUow,mKed his snordf aid
ffv Indiana insianUy witiuirew.

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HISTORY OF THE WAi^.

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scal|)e(], and afWrwards toDialmwkcd. Three utbers «vere
successively treated in Ibe same manner.

Seven days afterwards, I was sold in Detroit to some
American gentlemen, and the next day sent over to Sand-
wich, where I remained nearly three weeks. In this time
I hud an opportunity of making enquiry about the mussa-
cres, and found that 60 had been massacred subsequent to
the day of battle, and two officers the day on which the bat.
tie was fought, after tliey had surrendered. Of the tit st
vfeve Capl. N. G. S. Hart of Lexington, Capt. Paschal
Hickman of Franklin, John H. Wooliolk, £sq. ihe Gen.
eral's Secretary ; and of the latter Capt. Virgd i\rCracketi
of Woodford, and Ensign Levi Wells, son of Col. Wells
of the U. S. Infsuitry. Judge Woodward has ascer-
lained several instances of great barbarity exercised
on our prisoners, which will appear as soon as that truly
philantropic and patriotic gentleman returns to his own
country. — Massacres were not only committed onthe22d
and 23d, but also on the 24th, 25th, and 26lli, and even
three weeks afterwards fresh scalps were brought into
Maiden.

Should this relation be doubted, many living witnesses
of high standing for probity, may be found to attest them.

lExpeditmi against the Jndi^ns. — Major Gen. Samuel
Hopkins, on the 11th of I«(ov. 1812, marched with 1000
men under his command, from fort Harrison, on an expe-
dition to the prophet's tovvu, for the purpose of destroying
tlieir village, provisions, &c. On the morning of the IQth,
a detachment of 300 men destroyed a town, and a great
quantity of corn, belonging to the Winebago tribe, lying
on the Poace Passu creek, one mile from the Wabash, and
four from the Prophet's town. On the 20th, 21st, and 22d.
they destroyed the Prophet's town and a Kickapoo village,
on the opposite side of the river, consisting of upwards of
20O houses, a considerable quaiitity of corn, &c.

On the 21st a large body of Lidians were discovered
above seven miles from the town, by a small party, who the
Indians tired on, and killed one man; the next day Lieut.
Cols. Miller, and Wilcox, anxious to bury their comrade,
as well as gain a more complete knowletl;je of their situa-

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

ifm

uon and strcnn^lhi set out wilh party of horsemen, consist-
ing uf uboiit sixty ; the Indians had placed themselves
in A Klroii!<; place, on a ridge of Uuid, running between
two large and rapui creeks, which could not be ascended
only by a steep ravine — our party returned, after a smart
skirmish, in which we lost, in killed, wounded, and missmg,
IH men. Ou the 24th, the main body of the army started
ftir the purpose of destroying the enemy in their strong hold ;
but when arrived at the spot they found they bad fled,
pivviouM to the storm of snow, which fell very deep, on the
■i;kl which prevented any further pursuit.

hriff. Gen. Smyth, in November, 1812, issued several
addresses to the inhabitants on the frontiers, for the purpose;
of raising volunteers to cross into Canada, opposite Niagara.
Including the regular anuy under his command, and the
volunteers that repaired to his camp, he had, on the 27th
Nov. 4000 men. Two parties were sent across the river to
destroy a bridge below fort Erie, and capture and spike
tlie caimon in the batteries, and some pieces of light artillery. \
AAer accomplishing their object, the parties separated by
luisapprehension ; Lieut Angus, the seamen, and a part of
the troops returned with all the boats, while Capts. King,
Morgan, Sproul, and Houston, with about (K) men, remain-
ed. The party thus reduced, took and rendered unservice-
able two of the enemy *s batteries, captured 04 prisoners,
and 2 boats, in which Capl. King sent his prisoners, his
own officers, and half of his men across, remaining himself
with 30 men, refusing to abandon them. .

On the dOth Nov. Gen. Smyth again attempted to cross,
wilh 3000 men, but by some misunderstanding only a few
would, or could be made to embark. The killed in both
these attempts amounted to about 20 — the wounded 30 — •
and prisoners 31. The enemy lost 10 killed — 17 wounded,
and 34 prisoners, besides an Indian chief.

'In*j

v;«

Capt Forsylhy commandant at Ogdensburg, crossed^
(tv«r to Elizabethtown on the 7lh of Feb. 1813, with about
'200 volunteers from the militia and citizens, where they
surprised the guard, took 42 prisoners, with 1 Maj. 3 Capts. .
I^Lieuls. and 120 umskets, 20 rifles, two casks of fixed'
ammunition, and considerable other public property, which '
waseft'ected without the loss of a man.

M y

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HISTORY or THE WAR.

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CHAPTER Vin.

Cr«i. Harrison to the Secretary of H ar.
^i' Lower Sandusky, May \d,\%\%.

[Extract,^ ' SIR — Having asce 'taiiied that the eiienij
(In<liaii» as well as British) had enlirel)' abantioiu d the
neighborhood of the Rapids, I left the connnaiid of caiup
Meigs with Gen. Ciay and came here last night. It is vv.th
the greatest satistaclion, I inform )foii, sir, that I have every
reason to believe, that the loss of the Kentucky troops m
killed on the north side of llie river does noi exceed fifty.
On the lOlh and llth inst. I caused the ground which wag
the scene of action, and its environs, to be c.irefully exam-
ined, and after the most diligent search 45 bodies only of
our men, were discovered — among them was the leader of
the detachment, Col. Dudley, No other officer of note fell
in the action. Gen. Proctor did not furnish rae with a re-
turn cif the prisoners in his possesion, although repeatedly
promised. His retreat was as precipitate as it could pro-
perly be, leavipg a number of cannon ball, a new elegant
sling-carriage for cannon, and other valuable articles. The
night before his departure two persons thait were employ-
ed in the British gun-boats (Americans by birth) deserted
t6 us. The iiiforqiation they gave me was very interesting;
they say that the Indians, of which there were from 160U to
2060, left the British the day before their departure in a
high stale of dissatisfaction, from the great loss which they
had sustained in the several engagements of the 5th, aiid
the failure of the Bi'itish in accomplishing their promise of
taking the post at the Uapids. From the account given by
these men, m> opinion is comfiimed of the great su| enority
of the enemy which were deieated by our troops in the two
sallies made on the 5th inst. That led by Col. Miller did
not exceed 350 men, and it is very certain that they defeat-
ed 200 British regulars, 150 militia, and 4 or 500 Inilinns.
That American regulars (althongh tliey were raw recruits)
and such men as compose the Pittsburg, Penn. and Pclcrii-
burg, Va. volunteers, should behave well, is not to be won-
dered at— but that a company of militiu siiould maintain its

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msTomT <nr rnt wau.

soi

jrronnd a^infit four i\me% its numbers, as diil Cnpt. Sebres,
of the Keiitiickv 'n truly astonishing'. Thetie brave fellbwt
were at lengtii •. ir ever entirely 8urroi|ntled by Indiaiii, ftiid
iviinid have bce^i entirely cut off, but tor the gallantry of
liieiit. G Wynne o1 the I9th rtgiment, who, with part of
Ca;>t,£iliolf 8 company, charged the enemy and releatied
the Kentuckians.

A copy of Gen. Clay's re()ort td tde of the manner of his
evecuttng my ord^r ior the attack on the enemies baltenes,
is likewrse forwarded, by which il will be seen that mv id-
trillion was pet*fectly understood, and the great faciiity
with winch it mitJ^ht hiive been executed is apparent to ^y»
ery individual who witnesAed the sctine. Indeed, the can-
non might have been spiked, the carriages cut to pieces,
the magazine destrdy^d, and the retreat effected to the
boats without the loss of a man, as none wiere killed m ta<>
king^ the batteries, so complete was tfi^ surprize.

An extensive open plain intervenes between the riv^ir
and the hill upon which the battelries of the enemy Were
placed ; this plain was raked by four of our eighteen poun-
ders, a twelve and a six. The enemy, even before theit
ffuns were spiked, could not have brouglit one to bear on
it. So pedectly secured was their retreat, that 150 mea
mHo came off, effected it without loss, and brought off some
of the wounded, one of them upon the backs of their com-
rndes. Tiie Indians followed them' to the woods, but da-
red not enter into the plain.

1 am unable to form a correct esthnate of the enemy's
force. The prisoners varied much in their accounts ; those
whu made them least, stated the regulars at 560, and mili-
tia at 800; but the numbers of Indians were beyond cgm-
parison greater thun have ever been brought into the iield
Itefore ; numbers arrived after the siege commenced, and
they were indeed the efficient force of the enemy.

1 have the honor to be. See,

W. H. HARRISON.

AMERICAN LOSS.

Killed 81— Wounded 189. ^

' British loss not known. :^'^' ■''-''«; ;>

2« UHjv!.

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HISTORY OJr TULB WAR.

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Tkefottownig convei'salion tsok place between MaJ. ihutti^
^ b«r» and iifn.^iarriMm,ott a demand /or tfte surrender

'\^^ MV' ^l^omberi — Gen. Proctor has directed me to de-
mand tiie (HM-rendcT of this post. , He wislies to spare the
efl'usioti of bloba.

Gen, Harrison — The demand, under present circum-
stances, is a most, extraordinary one. As Gen. Proctor did
not send me a tuQiroons to surrender on hjt> first arrival, I
liad supposed tiiat he l^iieved nie determined to du luy
duty. His pre^^nt message, indicates an (pinion of qk
that I am at a loss to aecouul for.

MaJ. C7<£r»i|^ifn^-—(jren. Proctor ceipld never think of say.
ing^ any thing; to w^qund your feelings,, sir.— The character
ofGen. Hi^rrisoiiy j\9 an. officer, is well known. I'Cn. Pruc-
tor's force is very reswectabie, and there is with him a larger
l&ody of Indians thalltave ever before been embodied.

Cren.//armoi?|— -I believelhave a very correct idea of
Gen. Proctor's fpvee^ it is ho| st;M|h o^ to create the l,ea»t ap.
prehension, for thp resqJt of the contest, whatever shape he
ihay be pleased hereufter to gijve Iq it. Assure the Gen.
however, that h^ jwili never have tl^js post surrendered l)
tiiViX ^p(^^ .^ny teriJ^s., ^hould it fail into his hands, it will
be in a manner falculated to do hin^ more honors and to
cive^him larger ciifitc^S! ppon Uie gratitude of his government
than any cupilulutiqn cpt^ld possibly do..

iVmsoB 4 <?APTUJ(^E OF FORT GEORGE. J* t^ I
wu . i Qen. pmrburu to the ^Secretary of War.
:';;., H-XI. FortGeor<fe(a. C) May21,\^\^.

tf!jfltract'\ SiR— The light troops under the command
]7oi. Scott and Major Forsyth, ianded this morning at
9_ o'clock. Major Gen. Lewis's division, with Col. Porter's
comnvand of light artillery, supported by them. Gen.
Bovd'sbriijade landed rmraediately after the lig^ht troops,
and G/Qns« VYinder and Chandler in quick succession. 1'he
landing was warmly and obstinately disputed by the liri-
tisti forces ; but the coolness and nitrepidity of our troop!)
soon compelled them to give way in every direction. Gen.
Chandler, with the reserve, composed of his brigade and
Col. Macomb's artillery covered the whole; Commodore
Chauncey had made the most judicious arrangements for j

HISTORY OF THK WAR.

20^

•iieiicing^ the enemy's batteries, iu'»r the point of landing.
Xhearmy is under the grtfuie^t obli^j^aUous to tha^t able na-
val commaiider for his co-o|)erutiun Ui alt its important,
inovementH, and especially iu its operatioUM ttiin day. Out; ' .
batteries succeeded io renderin|r Fort Georgfe u'stenablis;!
and when the enemy had been lieaten from his misitions,
m\ fonnd it necessary to re-enter it, afti^rflritig a i'eW runs
iindsettm^ fire to the niiieazines, ^diicb Ho6n exiiJoded,he
inovedoif rapidly by difj^rent routes. Our iig;lit troops
mirsued them several miles. The troops having; been un-
iier arms from one o'clock, inthemorninjuf, were too nuiph
exhausted for any ^rther pnriuiit. We are now iu posses-
sion of Fort George and its immediate dctpondencio — to-
morrow we proceed further on. The behaviour of our
trooi)s, both officers and m«n, entitles thcjii to the h.ghestl
praise ; and the difference in our loss with that of the ene«
niv, when we consider the a^lvaiitages his positions afforded'
him, is astonishing.— Cot. Meyers of the'JOth, was woif'nd-'
ed and taken prisoner. Of ours, otilv one commissioned!
officer was killed — Lieut. Hobart of tfie lijjht artillery.
I have the honor to be, &c. '*

;:,=::=:,,,;:■•;,;.;, ^'XH. dearborn.;.'^,

Gen. Dearborn to the Secretary of War, "''*•"*'*
•^ ff. Q. Fort Georaet Mai/, 29, 1813. "*

' [Extract.] Lieut. Col. Preston to A possession of fort
Brie and its dejiendeucies last evening ; the post had been
abandoned and the magazine blown up, '^'i

I have ordered Gen. L«wis to return without delay td-
I this place, and if the winds favor us, We may yet cut oif
the enemy's retreat. '

I was last evening honored with your dispatch of the ;
ilSth inst. I have taken measures in relation to the 23 prir '
[soners, who are to be put in close confinement ,^

I have the honor to be, &c. '

^ H. DEARBORN. '

' ' " AMERICAN X06S.

Killed 39— wounded 1 1 1 —total 150. , '?""*; "' " !!",
BRITISH LOSS. ' I *«iifii«?»J«> i

lilled 108— wounded 103— Prisoners 02^— total 909,!' l

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HISTORY 09 TlUe WIK.

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^„ Gmn. Chauncejf to the Secrelarj/ of the Nuvy,
''^ I V, a. a. haaisofi, ojf' Niaffuraf May, '28, 1813.

Sllft— Agreea^^le to arnnig^emen^ which I have ulready
had ihe honor of cl^^ilinf^ to you, I l^fi hackel^tt Harbor ou
th« 22d inst. wilb al^oiit ^0 of Col. M*Conil/s regiment uu
board-— the winds beit^g light froDi the westward, 1 (lid
not arrive in the vicinitv of Niagara before the 25th; tht
other |>arts of the squacfron had arrived several dayu before,
and landed their, troops. The Fair American and Pert
f had ordered to ^acket*s Harbor, foi; the purpo.se of walcli.
in(( the enemy*s movements at Kingstun. I immediuiely
hud an interview with Gen. Dearborn, for the pur|)oue ot*
in;)king arrangements to attack t^e enemy at) soon as {tos-
sibie, and it wa» agreed (letweeu hino^and myself to make
\\w attack the moment that the w,eatljer was such as to aU
low the vessels and boats to approach the shore with safet).
On the 26lh, I reconnoitred the position for landing ihc
troops, and at mght sounded the sho^e^ and placed hjuoys lo
spnnd out the statioiis for the small vessels. It was agreed
between the General and myself to mi^ke the attack the
next morning (as the weather had moderated, and had eve-
ry appearance of beinff favorable.) I took on board of the
1(1 adison, Oneida, and Lady of the Lake, all the heavy ar-
tillery, and as many troops as could be stowed. The re-
mainder were to embark in boats and follow the fleet. At
S yesterday morning the signal was made for the fleet lo
vreigb, and the troops were all embarked on board of the
boats before fou^, and soon after Gens. Dearborn and
Lewis came on board of the ship with their suites. It be-
ing however nearly calm, the schooners were obliged to
sweei^) into their positions. Mr. Tiant in Uie Julia, and
Mr. Mix in the Growler, I directed to take a position in
the mouth oi t; e river, and silence a battery near the light
h6u«ie, which from its position commanded the shore where
the troops were to land. Mr. Stevens in the Ontario, was
directed to lake a position to the north of the light house,
so near the shore as to enfilade the battery and cross the tire
of the Julia and Growler. Lieut. Brown in the Governor
Tompkins, I directed to take a position near Two Mile
creek, where the enemv had a battery with a heavy gun.
Lteut. Pettigrew in theCotiqiiest, was directed to anchor tu
the soatbeost of the same battery, so near in as to open on it

HISTORY or THS WAR.«

S06

in the rear, and cross llie fire of the Gov. Tompkint. Lu
.M'Phersoii iu Ihe HaiuiUuii» Lieut SmiUi m Uie Attp, and
31 r Osgood in Uie Bconrge, were directtMl to anchor cIonc
to the shore, and cover the landing of the tr(to|>tf, and to
scour the woodit mid plain wherever ihe enemy lumle his
appearance. All tltette orderH were proaiiAly and gallant-
ly executed. All the vessels anchored Within lunsktt shot
ot' the shore, and in ten uiinnles after they o|)ened upon the
batteries, they were completely silenced and abandoned.

Our troops then advanced in three brigades, the advance
led by Cul. Scott, and landed near the fort, which had
been silenced by Lieut. Brown. The enemy, who - bad
been concealed in a ravine, now advanced in great force to
the edge of the bank to charge our troops. The schoon-
ers opened so well directed and tremendous afire of grape
and canister, that the enemy soon retreated from the bank.
Our troops formed as soon as they landed, and immediately
ascended the bank, charged and routed the enemy in every
direction, the schooners keeping up a constant well direct-
ed fire upon him in his retreat towards the tawn. Owing
to the wind's having sprung up very fresh from the east-
ward) which, caused a heavy sea directly oti slwre, 1 was
not enabled to get' the boats off to laiid the troops from the
Madison and Oneida, before the first and second brigades
had advanced. Capt. Smith with the marines, landed with
Col. M*Comb*s regiment, and I had prepared 400 seamen,
which I intended to land with myscif. if the enemy bad
made a stand ; but our troops pursued him so rapidly in-
to the town and fort George, that I found there was no
necessity for more force ; moreover, the wind had increas-
ed so much and hove such a sea on shore, that the situa-
tion of the fleet had become dangerous and critical. I
tlierefure, made a signal for the fleet to weigh, and order-
ed them into the river, where they anchored immediately
alter the enemy bad abandoned fort George. The tuwa
and forts were in quiet possession of our troojis at 12
o'clock, and the enemy retired in a direction towards
Q,neenstown. ui \f.

Capt. Perry joined me from Erie on the evening o(. the
25Mi, and very gallantly volunteered his services, und 1 ha vie
much pleasure in acknowledging the great a^isisiauce

A • i

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ilS ; •

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106

HrfirroRT or the war.

which I received from him. We lost but one killed and
two wounded, and no injury done to the wenneln.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

■* Com, Chauncey to the Secretary itfihe Navy,
V. S. Hbif» MadiMun, backet*9 Harbor, June 4. 1813.
SIR — I have the honor to present to yon, by the hand»
of Lieut. Dudley, the BritiNli staadard taken at York, on
the 27th of April last, nccompanied by the mace, orer which
Aunffit hmnan SGALP.-^These articles were taken from
the Parliament houne hy one of my officers, and presented
to me. The scalp I caused to be presented to Gen. Dear,
born, who I believe still has it in his possession. I also
send by the same gentleman, one of the firitiah flag^iakea
at fort George on the 27lh of May^ <*.m »»» rt? vmti^-n
.,,,.-.. I gnye the honor io be, &c. *'>**-

ISAAC CHAUNGEY.'f>

-. .f ,

■I-

i^i^^i.

• Lieut, Chaunceyto Com. Chauncey. • ^■"■■' " '
Sackett's Harbor, June 18, 1813.
SIR — ^According to your orders of the 14th inst. I pro-
ceeded off Presque Isle in the schooner Lady of the Lake.
On the morning of the 16th I fell in with and captured the
English schooner Lady Hurray, from Kingston bound to
York, loaded with provisions and ammunition.

finclosed is a list of one ensign, 15 non-commissioned
officers and privates found on board, with 6 men attached
to the vessel. m '^m^'-* w s*n^ ur^ x m$im-^ »»>

I have theiionor tc be, &c.

WOLCOTT CHAUNCEY.

■N«i:

i*. fi.

' Batik at forty mile Creek, Upper Canada.

Gen Vincent having taken his stand at forty mile Creek,
«bout 33 miles from fort George, after his defeat at the fort,
Brig. Gen. Winder was sent in pursuit of him. On the 4th
of June, Brig. Gen. Chandler, with another detachment,
was sent off from fort George to reinforce Gen. Winder,
jind arrived at Head Q,uarters the 5th. A deserter from
the American cam|i informed Gen. Vincent of the situation
of the army, and gave him the countersign ; in five min-
iites the whole English army were in motion, and at two
o'clock on the morning of the Gth entered our camp. The

HMTTORY OF TWM WAtt.

307

iwt> C^A\en\%t Winder and Chandler, iu endeavoring to
form llie iruo|>8, and the fteputy qiiarter-i lanter General
Va'^deventer. were surrounded and Itiken |>rUoners. Oar
army formed immediately and attacked tlie enemy at the
point uf the bayonet, which soon occasioned a (general
route, the enemy taking off his prisoners^ and leaving Col.
Clarke, sixty prisoners, and 2d0 kiUe<l in our hands. Our
loss waft 17 killed, 38 wounded, and 100 missing.

ATTACK ON SACKETT'S HARBOR.

ifcn. Brown to t/tc iHecrelary of War.

I J, Q. SmcketCs Harbor, June 1, 1813*
SIR — On tlie2«>lh ultimo, 1 received a letter from Gc'n.
Dearborn, requesting me to repair to this 'post for the pur-

SDse of taking command. Knowing that Lieut. Col.
iackus, an officer of the first regiment of dragoons, and
of experience, was here, I hesitated, as I would do no act
which might wound his feelings. In the night of the 2tflli
I received a note from this officei, by Maj. Swan, deputy
quarter- master Gen. joining in the request already made
by Maj. Gen. Dearborn. I could no longer hesitate, and
accordingly arrived at this past early in the morning of the
28lh. These circumstances will explain how I came to
be in command upon th's occasion. Knowing well the
ground, my arraugeiuenti^ for defence, in the event of aa
attack, were soon niatle, ..',... «,.,,., ,,,i, ■ .. '^

In tile course of the morning of tlie 28t)i, Lieut. Chaun-
cey, of the navy, came in from tlie lake, firing gumi'^ of
alarm. Those of the same character, intended to bring in
the militia, were fired from the post. The enemy *8 fleet
soon alter appeared accompained by a large njmber of
boats. Believing that he would land on the peninsula,
commonly.cailed Horse Island, I determined to meet hini
at the water's edge with such mililia as 1 could collect, and
the Albany volunteers, under the command of Lieut. CoU
Mills ; Lieut. Col. Backus, with the regulars, formed a se-
cond line ; the care of fort Tompkins was committed to
the regular artillerists and some volunteers^ and that of
Navy Point to Lieut. Chauncey of the navy. If driven
from my position, Lieut. Col. Backus was ordered to ad-
vance and meet the head of the enemy's column, while
rallying my corps. I was to fall on its flanks, [f unable

> I »*'<•*". »■

4 3 'J

208

histhhy or rne wa«.

) t

ij...ij

ber«»torefti»t th« eneiny*ftattarki Lieut Chaoncey woi ig
Ihat case to destroy the Mtoren, Nic. nnd retire to the south
■hofe of the buy, east of Fort Vitlaiileer, while I proceed-
ed to occupy thill fort as our dernier resort.

In the courne of the 27th nnd during the nights of lh«
28th and 2i>ih ultima, a considerable militia force came in,
and were ordered to the water side, near Horse ishind, on
which was Lieut. Col. Mills and his volunteers. Oar
strength at this point was now d()0 men — all anxious tor
bullle» as far as profession would go. The moment it was
light enough to discover the approach of the enemy, we
found his hhi|>s in line between Horse Island and stony
Point, and in a few minntes af\erwar(ls 33 large bonis filled
with troops, came oflTto the larger Indian o>*G;irden Inland,
under cover of the fire of his gun bouts. My orders were,
that the troops should lie close, and reserve their fire till
the enemy had approached so near that every shot might
hit its object. It is, however, impossible to execnte such
orders with raw troops, unaccustomed to subordination.
My orders were in this case disobeyed. The whole line
nred, and not without effect — but in the moment while I
was contemftlating this, to my utter astonishment, they
rose from ibeir cover and fled. Col. Mills fell gallantly
in brave but vaiii endeavors to stop his men. I was person-
ally more fortunate. Gathering together about 100 niiii.
iia, under the inimedinte cummaod of Capt. M'Nittuf that
corps, we threw ourselves on the rear of the enemy *8 flank,
and I trust, did some execution. It was during this last
muvemetit that the regulars un^. r Co!. Backus, first enira-
ged the enemy — ;j'ur was it long before they defeated him.
, Hurrying to this point of action, I found the battle still
raging, but with obvious advantage on our side. The re-
suit of this action, so glorious for the oflicers and soldiers
of the regular army, has already been communicated m my
letter of the 20th. Had not Gen. Prevost retreated most
rapidly under the guns of his vessels, he would never have
returned to Kingston.

The enemy's force consisted of 1000 picked men, led by
sir George Prevost in person. Their fleet consisted of the
new ship Wolf, the Hoynl George, the Prince Regent
£arl of Moiraj two armed schooners, and their gun and
Otherboah». "'^" ^"^^'^ ^^^V"'^^*'' ' - "'!■ . '

JACOB BROWN.

aifTORY or rum >r^m.

AMKRIGAN LOW.

Killecl 81 — wounUetl 84 — mining dO.

HHiTisa wm.
Killed 99— wo«nii«d ll2«^prifooena5. {\

Oen. Ltfvit iotMe Sucnianf of War. .; ^v

8a(k«U't Harbor, July 20, 181B.

[Exlraci\ 81 R — Our fleet has gone out of tho inn^r
hirltor, ami appearaiicei aro in favor of its going to sea in
48 hours at farthest.

A Hltle expedition of volunteers from the country, to
which, by the advice of Com. Chauucey, I leut 4fO soldiers,
sailed from hence three days since on board of two small
row boatN, with a six pounder each, to tlie bead of the St
liswrence, where they captured a Hne gun boat mounting
a 'it flounder, 14 balleaux loaded with ammunition, 4 ofii;p
cers, and 61 men. Two of our schooners went out and
convoyed them in. 'yriv^Mtx ^

Oen. Harriton to the Secretary of War,

H. Q, Senecat August 6, 1813.
I have the honor to enclose you Major Crogbairs re-
port of the attack upon fort Stephenson^ which has this mo<
inent come to hand. With great respect, &c.
•iiiMJwft^Tfj-j'iriii'b;! ti oiiMk-^ W. H. HARRISON.

> rlMtf)<»(| B Major Cro^han to Gem Harrison.

hvwer Saiujbishif 9 August 6, IS13,
Dear Sir-T-I have the honor to inform you tUattbfB com-
bined force of the eiieioy» Amounting t^ ^t least 500 regu-
lars and seven or eight hundred Indianii, under the imme-
diate comouind of Gen. Proctor, niade }i» appearance be-
fore Uiis placcv early on Sunday evening last, and as soon
as the Gen. had made such a dinposition of \n% troops as
would cut oft' my retreat, should 1 be dispoise<jl to make one,
he sent Co*. Elliot, accompanied by Major Chambfsrs, with
a Bug', to demand the surrender of the fort, as he was anx*
ious to spare the eftusion of blood, which he should proba-
bly not have in his power to do, should he be reduced tp
tJie necessity of taking the place by storm. My answer to
the summons was, that I was determined to defend thd
\}h\ce. to the last extremity, and tl^t no force howevef

)i .

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9IU

HfttTORY Of TUB WAR.

'i I

lar)^e, should induce me to turrender it. So ftonu a» tin
flag bad returned, • brisk fire wm opened open ns fruni ibt*
gunbuatN in the river and from a A 1-2 inch howitzer uti
shore, which wai kept np with little intermitMioti throui^huut
the night. At un early hoor the next niorninff, three sixes
(which had been piticed during the ni{rhl withm 2«50yan)k
of the pickets) bfq^n to play opon u«, hut with iiltle eft'ccl.
About 4 o'clock P. M. discovering^ lliat the fire from all
his gnnn were concentrated agsiinst the north-western nn^\%
of the fort, I tieeanie conhdeut that hiii object was to muke
it breach, and attempt to storm the works at that poiht I
therefore ordered out as many men as couid be em|rioyed
forthe purpose of stiengthenmp;' that part, which was so ef.
fectnatly secured by means of bagn of flour, sand, 'Sec. thiit
the pickeiinsjf suffered little or no injury ; notwithstanding
which,thc enemy about 500, having formed in a close oolutnn
advanced to ussault our workti at the expected poiiiN at ihe
same time makings t\^ o feints on the front of Capt. Hunter's
liueD. Tile column which advanced against the norliuwes-
tern angle, consisting of about 350 men, was so enveloped
in !tmdke, as m^t to ixi discovered until it had approached
within 18 or 20 paceii of the lines, but the men being all at
their posts and ready to receive it, commenced so heavy
and gidjiiig a fire as t6 throw tlie column a little in.
to cohfiision ; l>eing quickly rallied it advanced to the outer
works and bfgnii to leap into the ditch. Just at that mo-
ment a fire of gh»|)e was opened from our G pounder
(wfiichlKid been previously arranged so as to rake in that
if it'e<^tiOri) which tc^ether with Ihe inusketry, threw them
itito suiih confusrotf that thffy were compelled to retire pre-
cipitately to the woodsi I ) •liHftK !(! . , (f»/|}# inu "
' "l>nrifijg' the assaiiltji which lasted about half an honr, an
{titessantfire was kejil up by the enemy's artillery (which
ic^nsisted of five sijtes and a howitzer) but' without? effect.
3^^enty Rtnn(^ of arms, aiid several braces of pistols have
bfeeiicollectedWir the works. About thrtc in the morn-
ing the e'nemy sailed <lown the river, leaving behind them
a boat 'containing clothing and considerable military
stores. Yours with' respect, &c. G. CROGHAN.

/-'•.-'■ ■,^"- ' AMERICAN IX>SS. . -r* ^,;^^ ^.-i^,. ^,»i

irM'ii' hh oi I Killed i — wounded 7. / j*m omirjiia ?*h!

'itr^fi'f ^-'■r . , BRITISH LOSS. ■• ■■^'- .r-vi'.'

Killed 52 — wounded &S — prisoners 25.

mflTOET OF THC WAE.

Sll

By » teller from Gov. Hunlinf^ton, dalcd LttPtfr Strn^
dufikjf, Auff. 4f il Api^eani Ilixl Major Croglmirii fvrce wn%
' )/and tliatof UieeiieiDir, biX). It further MUt«>t llml the
nteniy lost 40 m«n killed in the ditch with Lieut. Colonul
Short, and novcral oHicerni aiidabout llio same number of
reifulani nhile advaiicini^ to the ailack, iMwideM Judianiii
Our loss was one killed, uud lire wuutidtd.-— The enemy
^ killed and 9i> priKonerH.

* What will Gen. Proctor say, wlien be finda he hoH l)een
baffled by a youth but junt pa«ise<l bis 21st year. Heiin
liowcver, a lloro worthy of bid {(allant uncle, Gen. George
Jl. Clarke.' [ISee Gen. Harrison io tfte Secretary of War.}

mI .f LOSSOF THE CHESAPEAKE.
Lieut. Budd to the Secretary of the Navt/.

Huljfaj', June lo, 1818.

SIR — The unfortunate dealli of Ca|>t. Jume» JAtvrencie,
.ind Lieut. Auyvslus (f. Liid/onj, hatt retuleredit my duly
to inform you of the capture of the late U. 8tat«s frigate;
Ciiesapeake. ,1 -, . '.'■

On Tuesday, June ],at8»A. M. we unnaoored ship
and ut Hit I'idian got under way from President's Koads»
with a light wind from the southward and westward, aiid
proceeded on a cruise. A ship was then in sight in the
offing which had the appearance of a ship of war, and
which, from information received from pilot boats and
craft, we believed to be the British fri gate Shannon. We
made sail in chase and -cleared »bip for action. At half past
4 P. M. she liove to, with her head to the southward and
eastward. AtS, took in the royals and top-gallaitt-sails
and at half past five hauled the courses up. About 15
minutes before G, the action commenced within pistol shot.
The first broadside did great ex.ecution on both sides,
damaged our rigging, killed amoHg others Mr. AVhite the..
the sailing master, and wounded Capl. .|jawrence. lu/
about 12 minutes after the commencemeot of the action,
we fell on board of the enemy and immediately after one
of our arm rhests on the quarter-deck was blown up by a
hand grenafUe thrown from the eiiemy's ship. In a few
minuter one of the Captt. aids cameoii the ^undeck to in-
form n.e that the boarders were called^ : I immediately called
liie boarders awa) and proceeded , to lbfe;i*|>5ff deck, where

lij:

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HISTORT- OF THS WAfi^

I found thai enemy had succeeded io boarding^ u» and bad
gained possession of our quarter deck. I immediatelv
gave orders to haul on board the fore tack, for the purpoM;
of shooting the ship clear of the other, and then made au at.
tempt to regain the quarter deck, hut was wounded and
thrown down on the gun deck. 1 again made an effort to
collect the boardens, but in tlie mean time the enemy had
gained com[)lete possession of the ship. On my being
carried down to the cock-pit, I there found Capk. Lawrence
and Lieut. Ludlow both mortally wounded ; the former
]ikad been carried below previously to the ship*s being board-
ed ; the latter was wounded in attempting to repel the
boarders. Among those who fell e^rly in the action was
Mr. Edward J. Ballard, the 4th Lieut, and Lieut. James
Broom of marines.

I herein enclose to you a return of the killed and wound-
iBd, by which you will perceive that every oflicer, upon
whom the charge of the ship would devolve, was either
filled or wounded previously to her capture.

The Shannon had, in addition to her full complement,
an officer and 16 men belonging to the Belle Foule, and u
part of the crew belonging to the T^nedos.

} fiave the honor to be, 8cc.
'^' ^ f < ' GEORGE BUDD.

^ •'''" .' '• ' AMERICikN LOSS. i..._..

hiu. .u Killed 60— wounded 86.

' ^* '■ ' ' BRITISH LOSS.

• 'i' • ' • Killed 27— wounded 58.

i 1

'' Com. Chauncey to Secretary of the Navy.

U, S. S. Gen. Pike, off Niayara, Any. 4, 1813.

[Bxtract,] SIR — On the 25th I was joined by the Pert,
and on the 27 Ih by the Lady of the Luke, with guides,
and Oapk. Crane*s company of artillery, and Col. Scott,
who had very handsomely volunteered for the service-
After conversing with Col. Scott upon the subjiect; it was
thought advisable to take on board 250 Infantry, which by
the extraordniary exertions of that e^^cellent officer, were
embarked before six o'clock the next morning and arrived
and anchored in the harbor of Yurie, at about 3 P. M. oii
the 3 1st, run the schooners into the upper harbor, landed
^he^mannes aud aoldiers under the commuud of Col. Scot|^

Ii >

BISTORT OF TBE WAR.

218

without opposition, found !)ever<tl hundred barrels of flour
and provisions in the public storehouse, five pieces of can-
non, eleven boats, and aqi:antityof shot, sheUs, and other
stores, all which were either destroyed or broujcht away.
On the 1st inst. just after receiving ou board all the vessels
could take, I directed the barracks and the public store-
bouses to be burnt ; we then re-embarked tlie men and pro-
ceeded for this place, where 1 arrived yesterday. Between
4 and 500 men left York for the head of the lake two days
befoce we arrived there. Some few prisoners were taken,
some of whom were paroled, the others have been landed at
FortGeorge. » • i" •*./♦* -,. u ';.?■<.•?.>.; t>i<.'- -;

I have the honor to be. &c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

t«

CAPTURE OF THjfi DOMINICO.
Capt. John H, Dent to tlie Secretary qft/ie Navy*

Charleston, Aug. 21, 1813.
[ExtracLl I have the honor to inform you tliat the pri-
vateer schooner Decatur, of this port, arrived here y ester- ^
day, with H. B. M. schooner Domiuico, her prize.

She was captured on the 15th inst. after a most gallant
and desperate action of one hour, and carried by boarding,
having all her officers killed or wounded except one mid-
shipman. The Dominico mounts 15 guns, one a 32
pounder on a pivot, and had a complement of 88 men.

She was one of the best equipped apd manned vessels of
her class I have ever seen, The Decatur mounts 7 gans»
and had a complement of 103 men.
I have the honor to be, &c. ,■ . ,i

- V ^' .rOHNH. DENT, t

AMERICAN LOSS. at J/

Killed,5 — wounded 14. :-( , . .* u 'f

BRITISH 1.0SS.

Killed 18 — wounded 42 — prisoners 7(X

»frfi.:

Burning of Sodas, N, Y. — Sodus was the first tow»
burnt in this war. This was a handsome little village of
about 40 houses. The British appeared off the place, the
17th June, 1813, but finding a considerable miUtiaforce, put
offinto the Lake. The militia were disbanded on the 20th
YyJsfen the eaemy a^ain returned, and effected a laoding.— -

r';!ri

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t)l'l

1II8TORT OP THE WAR.

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Finding llie public stores, chiefly removed, Uiey iminedi.
ately set fire to every valuable house in the villn^re, and re-
turned to theirvessels, after suffering a loss of 4 killed, and
several wounded, by a few 'citi/ens. The enemy's force
consisted of the Hoyal George, Earl Moria. Prince Regent,
Simcoe schr. and several small boats and tenders.

Ailuck on Craney Island. (Vir.) — On the 20lh June,
the British attempted a landing on this Island, for the pur-
pose of more easily conquering Norfolk. Thirteen 9k\\\i<* of
the line anchored ofi' James river, from which about 3600
troops were embarked for Craiiey Island.— Com. Cassin,
of the gun boats, and Capt. Morris, of the Constellation
frigate, manned two batteries with 260 men on the point of
he Island to receive them ; the remainder of the force,
200 were stationed on the beach. At '8 o'clock the btug-es
attempted to laud, but were driveni back, with the loss uf
5250 killed and wounded, and 4.5 prisoners, and their lar-
gest barge, which was sunk, with 75 men on board ; llie
boat and 20 men were finally saved by the Americans—
our loss was 28 killed and wounded. ^- •!' •(<■ .ti// ,v„^

Capture of Hampton. — The 25th of June the force that
attempted Craney Island, landed at Hampton, and carried
it after a gallant defence made by our militia^ 4d() strong,
for forty-iive minutes. The enemy attacked us by land
and water ; their land force was about 2500 strong, of
whom 400 were riflemen. After our men were complete-
ly surrounded, they saw that they must either surrender, or
break their way through the enemy's lines. They resolved
wpon ilie latter, when the gallant Maj. Crutchjicid, led
tliemon, and broke the lines, and made good their retreat,
after killing and wounding 200 of their adversaries. Our
loss on this occasion was seven kilted, twelve wounded,
and twelve prisoners.

A scene now commenced sufticient to chill the blood of
the Savages, and even put them to the blush.

* To give you, sir, (says Maj. Crutchfield in his official
account to Gov. Barbour,) an idea of the savage-like dis-
position of the enemy, on their getting possession of the
neighborhood, would be a vain attempt. Although sir
Sidney Beckwith assured me that no uQeasin^ss need lie

COUIl

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) 4fj^(e\(^l?U:

HISTORY OF TUB WASt.

216

felt, in relation to the unfortunata Americans, the fact in
that on ye»ter(l:iy, [two (lay» after tlie biittle,] there were
several Ueall Uiilies lying unburied, and the wounded not
even a<tHi.Hted into the town, although observed to be crawl*
intrihrough the fields towards that cold and inhospilablo
reception.

' The unfortunate females of l{am|)ton, who could not
leuve the town, were sulfered to be abused in the most
•ihttinefnl manner, not only by the venal savag^e foe, but by
tlie unfortunate and infatuated blacks, who were eucoa**
raged in their excesses. They pillaged and encouraged
every act of rapine and murder, killing a poor man,, by
the name oi Kirby who had been lying on \m l>ed at the
point of death, for more than six weeks, shooting his wife
at the same time, in the hip, and killing his faithful dog ly-
ing under his feet. The murdered Kirby was lying last
uijfht, weltering in his blood.*

. ..y.= 51,4 Capt, Cooper to Lieut. Gov. 3Itdlori/, \ iV
[Extract.] SIR — * The enemy look possession of Hamp-
tati, with upwards of 2(H)0 men against those above men-
tioned, with the immense loss of upwards of 200 killed
and woiknded, on their part. We had about o killed, 10
wounded, and 4 prisoners, — the balance have been ac-
counted for.

' I was yesterday in Hampton with my troop, that place
having been evacuated in the muniing. — My blood ran
cold at what I saw and heard. — Teai-s were shedding in
every corner, — the infamous scoundrels, monsters, destroy'
ed every thiny, but the hmises, and (my pen is almost' un-
wilhng to describe it,) the n'omen were ravished by those
abandoned ruffians. — Great God ! my dear friend, figure
to yourself our Hamptun females, seized, and treated with
violence by those monsters, and not a solitary American
present to avenge their wrongs! ! But enough — I can say
110 more of this.*

Certijicate. The eikcmy robbed the Pulpit and Com-r
munion Table, in the Episcojial Church, of all the trap-
pings, &c. together with all the plate, although inscribed
with the name of the Donor, and of the parish to which
they belonged. They committed Rape in many instances
aud murdered asick man in Ins bed, and shot a ball through

.= i

$ 5

i^to

HISTORY or TUB WA«.

-1"

i !

his wikVs Ihigh ; ihey wantonly destroyetl every species of
property that they had no use for, ami, in fact, even strip.
ped the shirt off tlie back of George Hnpe^ sen'r about 70
years of age, and took the shoes from his feet, after prick-
ingr hioi with the bayonet. ^^i v"

JOHN WESTWOOD, BampUm.

Murder of John B. Graveg. — Mr. Graves was a mem-
ber of the 23(1 re<i;'t. Infantry, and was wounded through
the arm at the attack on Sackett's Harbor in May, and
was removed to Oswego. When Oswego was attacked.
Graves had so far recovered as to be able to load and fire,
and stood his ground like a hero. (Jnfortimately, he wa»
again wounded, and carried to a log house with two oth-
ers. Our men shortly after letr'^ateil, and an English
Officbh, a LietiteHant, came to the door of the house, and
presented a fuzee at him ; upon which Graves exclaimed,
* O merely for heaven s sake shew me mercy ; dont shoot me
again^ 1 ami badly wounded' The officer cocked his piece,
which was within its own length of Graves, weltering in
his blood, and with an infernal grin, said Vll shew you
MBKCY, GOD DAMN YOU,' and immediately discharged
its contents, a ball and tliree buckshot, into his breast.-*-
This inhuman villain soon met his reward, for scarcely had
he turned his eyes from the object of his barbarity, when
he was sliot through tlie brain, and fell dead almost within
reach of Graves.

'\V''^'*^*\ Skirmishing at forC George f U.Canada. *«♦'
On the 1 1th of Augu*»t 181i>, Gen. Proctor attacked oor
pickets at day break ; after a short engagement, in which
tlie enemy hatl 15 killed, and one Capt. an<l seveml pri-
vates made prisoners, our force retired to the fort with the
loss of 2 killed and several wounded.

On the night of the 17th, our troops and a few Indians
formed an ambuscade, about 300 strong, immediately in
front of the British camp. At day light our Indians rose
and gave the war-whoop, and the enemy considering it a
friendly call; came forlh, and were within half rifle shot
before they discovered the stratagem. They were met
upon all sides, and made but little resistance ; 75 beinsf
killed the fir.st shot, and the remainder, U>, surrendered 8f
prisoners. * : -^

unroaY (mrtm wab.

^11

Coi }Vm. Ri&iitti k>t V'mcttii^ir^iih C73 men, chiefly
voliintean* from' Kentutk^ antt Ohio, inarched from V il-
louia on t^K ''^h J«ii«, tor khvpurpOMe of relieving the
frontier inh&bHanii of the Mvuf^eg. In inorchiiif through
their ouunUvylbnrti^dDiit they tiiicoecded iii cloMtruying six>
teea eif tbeife* i^)Uig<^ anwl ^ ooiisl<lcr»ble niiantily of corn,
Stc. ^lul fttiimeil without the lowtofii itiiigte man, bringin|^
in several priHoners, and 10 homei which th« Indiana had
piilujredatevu (kiy<9 hefui^iVoui the iiihaliitarit«.

A Yankee trich^^-^n \\ie Ath of July, 18 Id, Com. Lewi^,
conittttiiidartt of the ilotilia of gun boatn at New- York, (tent
uut ibe fcihiiig smack Yankee, from Mun'.iuito cove, for
the ^nir|M)ae Of<tUkingby atr^lagem, the Kluop Eagfle, aten-
(lento InePoictiersof 74 guna, which had been very trouble
some to the ifishermenotf Sandy Hook, where they weivi
cruiMngr^ A calf» u sheep, aud a goofto were purchased ond
MeourecFon deck ; andb<t\v«en dO and 40 men, well armed
with mtisketft, wore secreted in tiie trabin and fore \ieak of
thd-imack. Thus prepared^ with three men dressed in
lisherman s clothes on deck, she put out to sea as if going
on a fishing trip. TKe Englo on perceiving Ihh smack
gnve chase, and ofteir Coining up with her, seeing ^he bad
live stock on deck, ordered her to go down to the Comnio*
dore, about five miles distiant. The hetmsmnn cried * ai/e,
mje^ sivy and apparently put up the helm for that purpose,
which brought her alongside the Euglo, not more than
three yards distant The watch-\Vord, JxtwrencCf was then
given^ when tlie armed men rushed from their hiding places
nnd poured into litrA'volley of musketry, which struck hor
crew with dismay, and drove them all into the hold with
such Iprecipitancy, that tliey hud not time to strike tlieir co-
lours. The Eagle had on boMrd a 32 lb. brass howitzer,
loaded with shot ; but their surprise was so sudden that
they had not time to fire it. The crew consisted of a mas-
ter, one midshiprfian; and 11 marines from the Poictiers.-**-
The prize arrived at Whitehall, amidst the shoMtiy of MiQjrt«
Wnds who were celebrating the 4lh of July/ > ^ j ? -v » ^n

tjH t iiii ti t«

I I't

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r^ .1 jffhX.'^

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BISTOBVl OF TAB WJ

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Xn.(i(>..i3pic BURROWS' VICTORir/. uU ^..V)
i r^ 1 ! ! < X/ettA J/' CuU lUtJIhe Sevtetartf of tke Navy, \>
u i; V* Klhiff Eniaiptiisae, Pniitmd, lih Sk/M. i8ia
<! [£U'^ai.7.]h)iR~*IuciMis0(|u«i)ce <if tlMiiiiforliinut«de»Ui
of ifitiut. Williiuu BurrowH, lale iOomoi^DdBr of ihit
vt»tjM>U »t ilcvulveH oit m^ilio aor|ulM(jut yoii'^ifiith ftbe result ot
the pruitte. After Hailing fruin FortHmonlliontbe Ui \i\%\,
\iie sleereti to tlie easlwarti ; atid oli tiie luor.aing of the 3d,
oO'AVuod liilaud, diikcovictitid a tic4ioo{tt^r,.uihich wechasfd
into this h-.irltor, where ue uiichoreil. On the uioniing ot
Ui« 4tj),>weight>i( anchor, and swept out, and coiiiiiuied our
cour!«^ to the eastwardJ iHaviik^trvdeivcd inforiuaiion of
«evt>'al pri>vat(;ers^ beingf.otf Maiibagan^i Nve »to64 for. that
place ; ^nd on the fotbwii*e iuoni»u^ialiie2 bay near Pen-
cil! .Foittfty di§oeretied al brig ' gelthinj; nnidvr way, which
apjxfuredito be a.yeMsel of war, nmdk to wh»oh we unmedi-
ateiy gavje chase» She>^re(l.^eve|'aliguni$^!aodr stood for us^
bavifig foHi' ensigns hoisted. / Afti^iviecdnuoiterihg and
discovering her force, auift the nation tto.wiiich she 4i«ldng-
€d, ,Yie bauied ;U^ion a wtjod to ^ncl m^ A»i. the bay, and at
3 o'clock dbortcniilsaiJ^tiickedtorunido'Wii wilii an inleii-
tioik to bring Iterito close action. :AMvvenly minutes alter
3 p. M. when within half pistol siM>t,tlie firing, commenc-
ed friOidi bolhy and after being wnrtardy kept up, and with
some iitauoonvretn^jiitlie enemy hailed and said they had
surrendered, abont 4 P. M. Their wlonrs bein^ nailed ta
tfte witaitt, cifukl not tie hauled down. She proved to be his
B. iVl. brig Boxer, of 14 guns, Samtfel BIythe, Esq^ com^
mander, who fell in the early part of the engagement, hav-
ing received a cannon shot through the boily. And I am
sorry to add that Lieut.. Burrows, who bad gallantly led m
into.acttoti, fell aUo about ihe Siuue time by a mnsket bull,
which terminated his exitilence in eight boiirH.

The Entcrprize suli'ered much in spars and rigging, and
Ihe Busier m spars, rigging, and hull, having many »huts
between wind and Walter.

:'\ As no muster roll that can be fully relied on has come
into my posistssion, 1 cannot exactly state the number kill-
ed and wonnded on board the Boser, but from information
received from the officers of that vessel, it appears there
were between twenty and twenty-five killed, and fourteeu

mSTOMT Ol^irllB WAil.

$fm

wounded. Enclosed is a list of Ihe killed and woimd^
on board the Knterprn^. f have Ihe honor to Ive, <kc.

EDWARD U. M'CALL, Sfwat OJicer, •

'1 i' ! AHERir.iN 1X)SS. ' ' '»*

Killed 4— Wounded lO^totnl 14. / i" *^i ">

M'i'^

BltlTlSIl LOSS.

Killed 2i>— Wounded 14— total d9

> t I>.t{ uj .CHAPTER IX

• ■ ■ ■'/! *^f?J

'^ - PERRY'S VICTORY. i' u/r

Coiw. Perri,i to the Secretari/ of the Navtf. > :f;"d
U. S. briif Kiayara, Jjike Erie, tiept. 10, 1813. Mi^
SIR — It has pleased the Almighty to give to the arms of
the United States a signal victory ovrr their enemien on
this lake. The Britisii squadron cousiiiting of 2 ships, 2
brigs, 1 schooner, and 1 sloop, have this moment surren-
dered to the force under my command, after a sharp con-
flict. I have' the honor to be, &c.

O. H. PERRY, i/

<>s:

:jrin

}liS.

t -ytii-]

Com. Perrtf to the Secretary of the Navy, v.\

U, S. Sch. Ariel, Ful-in-bay, Sept. Hi, 1813.
SIR — In my last I informed you that we had captured
the enemy's fleet on this lake. I have now iiie honor to
give you the most important particulars of the action.
On the morning of the loth inst. at sun-rise, they were dis-
covered from Put-in-bay, where I lay at anchor with the
squadron under luy command. , We got under weigh, the
wind light at $. W. and i4ood for tliem. At 10 A. M. the
wind hauled to S. £. and brought us to windward; form-
ed the line and bore up. At Id minutes before twelve,
the enemy commenced tiring ; at 6 minutes betore twelve
the action conmienced on our part. Finding their fire.
very destructive, owing to their long guns, and its being*
mostly directed at the Lawrence, I made sail, and directed
the other vessels to follow for the purpose of dosing with
the enemy. Every brace and bowline being soon shot
away, she became unmanageable, notwithstandmg the great
exertions of the sailings-master. In this i^ituatioa she sua-

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MWffOWK jOV XHB WAAtf

|»ifi^ lhc|it;Uott upwards jof Iwo hiMiiti wilkiii cauiiitfrrdii*.
tance, until every giM wgs reindpred UHelen^AiKl the f reaU
erparj^ of her rrew eilhff killed. 0r nrnttmled. Fiiidin;r
she could no longer annoy, the enemy* I left her in chart^e
of Lieut. YHinall, wlio, 1 wqs conviuced fi'oih the braver^'
already displayed by liiin« would do what would cumpnrt
with the honor pf the flpg. At half paHi iWo^ the w inU
sprinring up,Capt» Elliot wa;; enabled to bring hi^ veHsrI,
the ^)iagara, gallnutly into close action; I iromediatt
M'enl on board of her, when lie anticipated my wish by vol-
untei ring to bring ihft schoonerH which had been kept
astern bv the lighincKS of the wind, into close action. It
was with unspeakable pain that I saw soon after I got on
board the Niagara, the flag of the Lawrence come down,
although I was ptirfectly sensible that she had been defend-
ed to the last, snil that to have continued to make s show
of resi':4ance would have been a wanton sacri^ce of the re-
mains of her brave crew. But the enemy was not able to
take possession of her, and circumstances soon permitted
her flag again to be hoisted. At 45 minutes past two« the
signal was made hr * close action.' The Niagara, being
very little injured, I determined to pass through the enemy's
lines, bore up and passed ahead of their two ships and a
brig, giving* a raking iire to them from the starboard guns,
and to a large schooner, and sloop, from the larboard side,
at half pistol-shot distance. The smaller vessels at this
time having got within grape and canister distance, under
the direction of Capt. Elliot, and keeping up a ^ell direct-
ed fire, th« 2 ships, a brig, and a schooner, surrendered, a
schooner and sloop making a vain attempt to escape.

Those officers and men who were immediately under
my observation evinced the greatest gallantry, and I have
no doubt that all others conducted themselves as became
American officers and seamen. j.iieut. Yarnnll, first of the
Lawrence, although sei^eral tim^i^ wounded, refused to q»U
the deck.

I have the honor to enclose you a statement of the rela
tive force of'the squadrons. The Ctipt. and first Lieut, of
.the Q,ueen Charlotte, and first Lieut, of the Detroit w^t
killed*— Capt. Barclay, senior officer, and the commandei
of the Lady Prevost, severely wounded. The commaoder
of the Hunter and Chippeway slightly woUnded. Thei^

--.t:

he i^reaU

Finding;
II charge
i bra V try
I cumpnit
the wind
lis vessel,
mediati
ish by vol-
3een kept
iclion. It
r I got on
irte down,
en del'end-
le c show
i of the re-
lot able to
perraitted
st IWO) the
ara» being
he enemy's
lips and a
oard guns,
joard side,
sels at this
nee, under
ivell direct-
^ndered, «
cape.

ilely under
and I have
as became
, first of the
ased to qwit

nnrroRV ov tk* wab.

sidt

ION* in kdled and vroiincM I hiive not been able \6 M4Nfr-
liiinj it must, ho^^^^ert have l>eeii tery great

Very f«iHiecifally, %c. ' M^

^^hl'}.!. • •..♦•,.1.' O.H. PE^R.,'«

. .' • 'I ♦>//! T'ii . '.J

(/. & Skk. Ariel, Put-in-baff, Srpt 18, 1«13. *.
SIR— rl have caused thfe prisouerH taken cni Itie Kith in!^.
to be landed at HandiiMky, and have reqneNtetl Gen. Harri-
son to have them marched to Chibcuihe, and there wait Uh-
lil your pleaiiare shall be kno>Vn re^peoting ihein.

iThf Lawrence has been so entirely cut \i\*, it is absolute-
ly necessary she sborJd go into a safe harbor ; I have there-
fore directed Lieut. Yarnailto proceed to Erie in her^ with
the wounded of the fleet, and ditmmntle and get her over
the bar assooh ab possible.

The two ships in a heavy sea this day at an« or lost their
masts, being mudi injured in tlie action, i shall haul
them into the inner bay at this place and moor them for the
present. The Detroit is a remlMrkably £ne ship, sails well,
sjnd » very strongly built. The Q,ueeki Charlotte isamtich
superior vessel to what has been represented. Th6 Lady
Prevost is a large Hne schooner. '

Faroe of' tlie Amerieatk aqnadiron, »^' ^ ^ •»^s^'«' '" •
littwrenCetO ^uris— Niagara 20*— Caledonia *^Artel 4^-^

Scorpion 2~^Somers 4 — ^lYippe I-— Tigrfess l'^l*orcu-

pine l-*-totttl '5ft guns. -^

Forces/ Uie Bfitishs^uadrm, ' '
Detroit 21 gufis-^^oeen Charlotte 18-^Lady P^^^ost 14^
Hunter lO-^Littks Belt 8^Chit)peway 3->-^tota( (jj^ guns. ^

The exact numbef of the eniimy's force has not bfeen as-
certained) but I hate good reason to believe that it e^tecd-
ed oiirs by nearly too men. -- -.

I hav« the honor to be, &c. O. H. PEltRY. ^

AMERICAN tOSe.

,'.♦ 'riliili

.. t.f /-.iUl

'i- J!

■fis'.ij^

.^^1'^

)

'.} on

KiMed 27— wounded 96.
British loss not known.

CAPTtTRE OF MALDEN. '■'•':
Gen. Harrison to the Secretary of' War. l' ';
H. Q. Amhersllmrg, Sept. 2a, ItSlS. "
SIR— I have the honor to inform you that I landed' the
I army under my command abOttt^S miles below this place ^t 3

-^\ 1

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BlSTOUr jOt THJft WASl

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oV.lock ihit evening^, witlioul dppositian, Hwi toiik potivei.
Nioii of the town in an hour after. Geik.l'roclorhM retreal.
tf(J lo Sandwich with his regular tro<)|M imiU liuliuns, hav.
in^ previously burned the fort, rmvy yard, barra(*kK, and
public store houses ; the two latter were very exlcnsivr,
coverm(^ severiil acres of grouud. I %ill piirsue the cno
iny to-morrow, although tht re in noprobubiiity ofniy over-
lakin|( Inui, iis he has upwards of omd ilioiiH4i»4i hontet.,
and >ve have not one m the army. I shail; ihiuk mysell
fortunate to be able to collect a sufficiency ifO mount the
Gen. officers. It is suppoied liere thai Gen. Proctor in.
tends to establish hiu)»elf upon the river tVentfh, forty uiile^
f'roi J Maiden. .iUmnu/ .iwnA [y&rmh '.

I have the honor to be, ^p. «'. ' !.

WILLI \M H. HARUISON.
nmU ku\ -Hjv. ■ '■ •' ' -: v.

n.».l l.url < HARRISONS VICTOR!?,*

•jiMji'Hl

.«.»,

mU vm) III Gen. HanUoulothe Secretary i^! Wat*

.u;^. .ijiii.'. t>Mti ,j(l>;..H. Q' Detroit, Oct. 9t X%\2t.

SIR — In my letter from Sandwich of the^ 2dd ullinio, I
did myself the honor to inform you, Ihftt Ijwas preparing
to pursue the enemy the following day^ Fltom various
causes, however J was unable to put the troops in motion
until the luorning of the 2d in&t and then to take with me
only about one bundled aad ,torly of the regular troops,
Johnson*s mounted regiment, and such of i^pvernor Shel-
by's volunteers as were fit for a r«i|>id iii$itch, the whole
amounting to about three thousand fiv? Amndr^d men. To
Gen. M*Arthur(with about 700 effectives) Jhe protecting
of this pla^Q and the sick w;as committedfi Gen. Cadi's
brigade, and tiie corps of Lieut. Col. Ball* were left at
Sandwich, with orders to follow me as soon as the men re^
ceivfd their knapsacks and blankets, MriicU had been left
on an island in Lnke £rie«

The unavoidable delay at Sandwich was attended with
no disadvantage to us. Gen.Froctor had posted himselt
at Dalson*s on the right biuik ol the Thames (or Trench)
fifty six miles from this place^ where 1 was informed he in-
tended to fortify and wait to nn-eive me. He must have
believed, however, tltal 1 had no disposition to follow him, or
that be had securi^d my cunt inuauce here, by the reports that
}ve|re,circulated that tlie Ittdians would ^ittlack aiid destro)

flOToftT or Tnv wai.

tva

tht« ptsec>«podlh* i«fivnrtcc< of Ifie ftrmy ; m ho nr^.. HhI
to comiiilHi^e Ike brMkiti}«nf> the bridge* uitiil thif ikig^t of
Ibe'ifliiMt. lOii Ikat nif^ht oomrmy reached the n^er,
which «H rwelili^^Hvc mile?* from Sandwich, and iione of 4
Nir6:inM eroMiiMliif oiir route, oirer'aM of m *iich '■ we brtd)fe«,
amM)tniig><dte|i dnd-miiddViSre oMbrrluble for a conNidrni^
Ilk diittitttcciiiitdilhe coantry-*th«ibridge here \vn» foun4
eiitim, aiul in >thliniomii\^ i |>rocekled with JohitwohV re-
iriment t4v mM; H' poMiil»Wi the blhern. At iM trcoiid
iIrUljjfe<Wi6r «brjniflhof the river Th»nM»M, we were fortiH
nale enoogb Ui'^ifliHiire a Lk^IJ of ttrai^ooDH and eleven
|irivatei^!who had hcen nenthy '(ie«i. Proctor to deHiroy
tbem. Krom the prifionerH I learned that vbe third bridge
was broken ufl alt^d tbiit the enemy had no certain informa-
tion of oar fid vance. Thebridi^e havin<j;- been im>|)erfect-
\y destl'ojrctd, wnfl ftooii refinired and the iirmy eneampod at
Drake's' farm, fbulr miles below' Dakion'ft. ' * i >

The river Thanlkeg,- nloiY^ the^ bai^» of which onr route
lavt iHu Hike 4eep stream, navi^bte for veAsels of consider-^
able burden; after ttie passagfom the bar at its moulhr over
whicbythere is' six And a hnlf feet water. '

The bh^giai^o of the army wnti brmight from" Detroit im
boats proi^f led by thi-ee giin-liontM, wbioh Com. Perfy
hdd tiiminbed for the purpose, a^'well as to cover the pash*
iiil^eof th^ army -over theThatnen itseilf, or the inouth» of
its tribntnry streams ; the kinkm beintr low and the country;
i>c>aerallyopeH (pi*airieK^ as high as T>ilsoirs, the^e vesseN
were well cutculated for that purpost*. Above Dalson^it
however, the character of the river and adjacent country irt
considerably changed. — ^The former, ikoiigh sliW deep, is
very narrow and its liiiiiks bij^h and woody. TiKe C(<rm-
modore and myself theretorc a^'reed in>On the propriety
ot ieavinsrlhe boats under a ^iv.ird ot'one hundred and fif-
ty infautL'y» and 1 determined to truKt to fortune and the
lirnvery of my tioops to eftect thej>assage of the river. Be-
low a place called Ciiathaiu and 4 miles above Dalson's is
the third unfordable branch of the Tliaines ; the bridge over
its aioulh had been taken up by the Indians, as well as that at
M'Clregor's Mills, one mite above — several hundred of the
Indians I'einained to dispute our passage, arnl -^ipon the
miivalofthe advanced guard, commenced a heavy fire
tioni the opposite bank of the creek as well as that of Ihfe

:i|

•■„fn*^

I I

\ >■

'■■}

li 1

i !

BLrronY or .tub wia.

tiver. Beliiivid j^ llial Ihe whoUt foro« of lh» tntmy wtg
there, 1 haHed the army, foniMd in order of battle, tad
broiil^hk up our two Htn-iNmndera to cover the party that
were ordered to rapair the bridge— <a few ahot from those

Citces, loon drovi« off tlie Indiuiit and enabled na, in twu
oura to repair the brii^e iMid cruan the troo^ Col
Johnaoa'a mounted reyfinwkit beiug^ upon the rtght ef tbc
army, had seized upo'9 the remaim* of thti ()ridge at the
inills under a heavy fire from the Indians. Our Ions on thii
oceaNion, was two killed and three or four wounded, that of
the enemy wasascfertainedto he considerably ^:reat«r. ' A
houae near tlie bridge coatairtinf; a verj eonliderable nnm*
her of muskets had been set on tirei — but it wae extinguiib.
ed by our troops and the arms saved. At Ike first fana
al>ove thtf bridjife, we found oiie of the- enemy's vessels on
ire, loaded with arms and ordnance stores,, and learned
that they were a few mileti ahead of us, stiU #n' the right
hank of the river with the ^reit body of the Indians. At
BowW farm, four miles! from the bridge we liuUed for the
night,, found two other veteeis and a large destillcry filled
with ordnance and other valuable stores to- an immense
amount ill flamea— it wa^ in^possible to put out the firex4\vo
twen^-four-<pQnnders with their carriages were taken and
a large quantity of ball and sliells of various sizes. The
if my wa/i put in motion early on the morning of the 5th ; 1
pushed on in advance with thv mounted regiment and request-
ed (iov. Slielby to follow as ex ))editiously us possible with
the infantry ; the Governor's zeul and that of his men ens-
bled them to keep up with the cavalry, and by 9 o'clock, we
were at Arnold's Mills, having taken in the course of the
n^rrung two gun-boats and several balteaux loaded with
provisions and amnmiiitioii.

A rapid at the river at Arnold's mills aifoixls the only
fordi;ig;tobe met with for a considerable distance, but, up>
on examination, it was found too deep fop the infatUrv.
flaving, however, fortunately taken two or three boats and
some Indian canoes on the spot, and obliged the horsemen
to lake a foot-man behind each, the whole were saftiy
crossed by 12 o'clock. £ight miles from the crossing we
passed a 4'arni, where a pait of the British troops had en-
camped the night before, under the command of Col. Wat-
huVtpn.. The dfitachment with Gen. Proctor had arrived

UISTORY or THC WAB.

^'»

the (lay befure at the M oravinn towns 4 miles tiigher up.
Ikiii^ now certainly nt'tir the enemy, I directed the ad*
vaiicc of .lohn»un*M rcij^inif nt to accelerate their march for
the |)nr|)OHe of procnrin^^ inleliiKence. The officer com-
nianding it, ni h xhort time, sent to mfonn me, that bit pro-
grcHH WiiN Hlopped by the enemy, who were formed acrotia
uur line of march. One of the enemy'tt wan^^onerM being
ulsotukcn piMHoner, from the information received from
iiim, niid my own ob»ervation, assisted by some of my offi-
cerM, 1 Koou ascertained enouf^h of their position and order
of battle, to determine limt, which it was pro(H.'r for me to
idout. J-

From llie place .'^liere our army last halted, to the Mora-
vian towns a diHtance of aliout three and a half miles, the
road passes through a beach forest without any clearing, and
for the tirst two miles near to the bank of the river. Al
from two to 300 yards from the river, a swaini) extends par-
allel to it, throughout the whole distance. The intermedi-
ate p^round is dry, and although the trees arc tolerably
thick, it is in muiiy places clear of underbrush. Across
this strip of land, its lell appayed upon the river, sup(N)rted
by artillery placed in the wood, their right in the swamp
covered by the whole of the Indian force, the British troo|)S
weredrav;n up. a i

The troops almy disposal consisted of about 120 regulars
of the 27lh regiment, five brigades of Kentucky volunteer
militia infantry, uiid^M- his Excellency Gov. Shelby, aver-
aging less than 6ve l.andred men, and Col. Johnson's regi-
ment of mounted iiiiantry, making in the w hole an aggre-
l^ute, something about d(K)0. No disposition of an army
Ojiposed to an Indian force can be safe unless it is secured
(III the flanks and in the rear. I had therefore no difficulty
III arranging the infantry conformably to my general order
ul' battle. Gen. Trotter's brigade of 500 men, formed the
iVoiit line, his right upon the road and his left upon the
swamp. Gen. King's brigade as a second line, 150 yards
ill the rear of Trotter's, and Chiles'^brigade as a corps of
reserve in the rear of it. These three brigades formed the
fomniainl of Major-Gerieral Henry ; the whole of Gen.
Desha's division, consisting of two brigades, were formed
fii poteiii'i' upon the left of Trotter.

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IIISTOIIY OF Tin: \V.iU.

f ;i' <!

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Whilst I was ciif^agei! in forming; Ihe inlaiilr) , I Ind d,
reeled Co!, .lohnsoirs rcjjimeiil, which was still in front. It.
be fornieil in two lines opposite to the enemy, and upon tin-
advance of the iiifiuitry, to take gfround to the left, niid
forming- upon tliat flank to endeavor to turn the right of llu-
Indians. A moment's reflection, however, convinced nu;
that from the Ihickiiess of the woods and swampness of ilip
g^ronml, they would be unable to do any thing on horse-
back, and there was no time to dismount them and plicr
their horses in security. I therefore determined -to refuse
my left to the Indians, and to break the British lines at
once by a charge of the mounted infantry ; the measure
^as not sanctioned by any thing I had ever seen or heard
of, but I was fully convinced that it would succeed. TI.^
American back woodsmen ride better in the woods than
any other people. A musket or rifle is no impediment to
them, being accustomed to them from their earliest youth.
I was persuaded, too, that the enemy would 'be quite niv
prepared for the shock, and that they could not resist it,
Conformable to this idea, I directed the regiment to br
drawn up in close column, with its right at the distance of
50 yards from the road, (that it might be, in some measure,
protected by the trees from the artillery) its left upon llic
swamp, andtocharge at full speed assoonas the enemy Imd
delivered theirfire. Thefew regular troops of the'i7lh re.
giment, under Col. Paul, occupied in a column of sections
of four, the small .space between the road and the river, for
the purpost^ of seizing the enemy's artillery, and some ten
or twelve friendly Indians to move under the bank. The
crotchet formed by the front line, and Gen. Desha's divi-
sion, was an important point. At that place the venerable
Governor of Kentnchy was posted, who, at the age of sixty-
six, preserves all the vigor of youth, the ardent zeal which
distinguished him in the revolutionary war, and the un-
daunted bravery w hich he manifested at Kings mountain.
With my uids-dc-camp, the acting assistant Adj. General,
Capt. Butler, my gallant friend Com. Perry, who did inft
the honor to serve as my volunteer aid-de-camp, and Brii;
Gen. Cass, who having no command, tendered me his ib-
sistance, I placed myself at the head of the front line ot'in
fantry, to du'ect the movements of the cavalry, and give
them the necessary suppoil.

III^TOUV OF THE WAR,

227

The army had niovctl on in this order bul a short dis-
tance) when the iiiotuiled men received the Hre uf the Bri-
tish line, and were ordered to charj^e ; the horses in ihe
irontoflhe cohunu recoiled from the fire; another was
given by the enemy, and our column at length getting in
niotion, broke through the enemy with irresislable force.
Ill one minute the contest in front was over ; the British
odicers seeing no hope of reducing their disordered ranks
to order, and our mounted men wheeling upon them and
|)ouring in a destructive fire, immediately surrendered. It
IS certain that three only of our troops were wounded in
tins charge. Upon the left, however, the contest was moi;e
.severe with the Indians. Col. Johnson, who commanded
on that flank of his regiment, received a most galling fife
from them, which was returned with great effect. The
Indians stdl further lo the right advanced and fell in with
our front line of infantry, near its junction with Desha's
division, and for a moment made an impression upon it.
His Excellency Gov. Shelby, however, brought up a regi-
ment to its support, and the enemy receiving a severe fire
in front, and a part of Johnson's regiment having gained
their rear, retreated with precipitation. Their loss was
very considerable in the action, and many were killed in
their retreat.

I can give no satisfactory information of the number of
Indians that were in the action, but they must have been
considerably upwards of 1000. From the documents in
my possession, (Gen. Proctor's official letters, all of which
were taken) and from the information of respectable •inhn-
bilants of this Territory, the Indians kept in pay by the
British were much more numerous t^ian has been generally
supposed. In a letter lo Gen. de Koltenburgh, ot the 27th
lilt. Gen. Proctor speaks of having prevailed upon 3,-200 of
the Indians to accompany him. Of these it is (;er(^ani thai
50 or 00 Wyandot warriors abandoned him. <

The number of our troops were certainly greater thifu
that of the enemy, but when it is recollected, that they had
taken a position that elfectually secured their flank, whir.ji
it was impossible for us lo turn, and that we could not prc^
sent to tliena a line mofe extended than Uieir own, it will
not be considered arrogant, to claim for my troops, the
jialm of superior bravery .

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HISTORY OF THE WAK.

In romtnunicntinpr tothe President, through you, wir, luy
opinion of the conduct of the officers who served under nic,
1 am at a loss how to mention that of Gov. SItelby, i>eiiiir
convinced that no eulof^jum of mine can reach his merits.
The Governor of an independent slate, greatly my superior
in years, experience, and in military character, he placed
himself under my command, and was not more remarkable
for his zeal and activity, than for the promptitude and cheer-
fulness with which he obeyed my orders.

On the day oi action, 6 pieces of brass artillery weretiik-
en, and two iron 24 pounders the day before. Several
others were discovered in the river and can be easily procur-
ed. Of the brass pieces, three are the trophies of our revo-
lutionary war, that were taken at Saratoga and York, and
surrendered by Gen. Hull.

I have the Honor to be, &c.

WILLIAM H. HARRISON.

AMERICAN LOSS.

Killed?— wounded 22. - ' " ^V

-'- ' BRITISH LOSS. '(^";v

^ Killed 112— wounded, not known — prisoners 634.

The/ruits of Gen. Harrison's victory independent of the
great advantages obtained, are of the British regular army,
609 non-commissioned officers and privates, 2 Cols. 4
Majors, and 10 officers of the line, prisoners ; and 12
pieces of cannon, 6000 stands of arms, 5 gun-Woats, and
ammunition and stores to the amount of 1,000,000 of
Dollars!!

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SPEECH OF TECUMSEH.*

In the name of the Indian chiefs and warriors^ to "Maj,

Gen. Proctor t as the representatives of their great fatlur

the king.

Father, listen to your children ! You have them now all
beiore you.

The war before this,f our British father gave the hatchet
to his red children, when our chiefs were alive.

They arc now dead. In that war, our father was thrown
on his back by the Americans, and our father took them by

« Tuumsth mu fciUed at the battU of the Monwion tomu. Ui w'}i>
f The Rewtlulmuay jvar.

IIISTOFY OF T^E WAR.

229

that

ihe hand wilhoiit our knowledge ;* nnd we are afraid
uurtatlHT will do so again, ut this time.

Sumnifr before last, when 1 came forward with my red
brethren, nnd was ready to take up the iiutchet in favor of
our Brilish t'alher, we were told not to be in a hurry, that he
hud not yet delerniined to figlit the Americans.

Listen ! — Wlien war was declared, our father stood up
and gave us the tomahawk, and told us that he was then
rrady to strike ihe Americans ; that he wanted our assist-
ance ; and that he would certainly get us our lands back,
which t! e Americans had taken from us.

Listen ! — You told us, at that time, to bring forward
our families to this place ; and we did so; and you pro-
mised to take care of them, and that they should want for
nothing, while the men would go and tight the enemy.
That we need not trouble ourselves about the enemy's gar-
rison; that we knew nothing about them, and that our fa-
ther would attend to that part of the business. You also
told your red children, that you would take good care of
your garrison here, wliich made our hearts glad.

Listen ! — When we were last at the Kapids, it is true
we gave you little assistance. It is hard to tight people,
who live like ground hogs.f

Father, listen ! Our fleet has gone out; we know they
have fought ; vie have heard the great guns : but know^
nothing of what has happened to our father, with one arm.
Our ships have gone on'' way, and we are much astonished
to see our father tying up every thing and preparing to
ran away the other, without iettmg his red children know
what his intentions are. You always told us to remain
here, and take care of our lands ; it made our hearts glad
to hear that was your wish. Our great father, the king, it
our head, and you represent him. You always told us,
that you would never draw your foot off British ground ;
but^DOw, father, we see you are drawing back, and we
are sorry to see our father doing so without seeing the ene-
my. We must compare our father's conduct to a fat ani-
mal, that carries its tail upon its back, but when affrighted,
he drops it between his legs and runs off. > •- - £> «. i*.--

; The ladicma nere net included in the treaty ofpfaec in 178S. *-

\ Thu Amaicam hadfortifiid Uienuelus at Uu Hapitb. • .

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230

inSTORY OF TUE WAR.

Listen, Father ! The Americans have iiotycl dcrcated
lis by land ; neither are we Mure thai they have done so hy
water ; xe therefore, wish to remain here, and fi^ht uuV
ene:ny, if they should make their appearance. li' they de-
feat us, we will then retreat with our father.

At the battle of the Rapids last war, thu Americans -^^'r.
tainly defeated us ; and when we retreated to our falher's
ibrt at that place the gates were shut against us. We ueic
afraid that it would now be the case ; bul instead of ihut
we now see our British father preparing' to uiarcli out of
his garrison.

Father / You have got the arins -.md aniuiuiiitiun
which our great father sent for his red children, li \ou
have an idea of going^iway, give them to us and you liiuy
ffo and welcome, foi us. Our lives are in the hands ( ,«;
Great Spirit. We are determined to defend our la lis,
and if it be his will, we wish to leave our bones upon them.

Amherstburg, Sept. 18, 1813.

Sy. William Henry Harrison, 3Iaj. Gen. in the service of
the V, S. commander iu chief of tlie northwestern urmy^
and Oliver Hazard Ferry, Capt. in the Diavy, and cvm-
manding the U, S. vessels on Lake Erie,
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas, by the combined operations of the land and
naval forces under our command, those of the enemy with-
in the upper district of Upper Canada h:>.ve been captured
or destroyed ar>d the said district is now in the quiet posses-
• jiion of our troops : it becomes necessary to provide for its
.government: — Therefore, we d hereby proclaim ai.d
hinake known, that the rights and privileges of the inhabi-
^ tants, and the laws and customs of the couulry, as they exist-
^ ed or were in force at the period of our arrival, shall con-
tinue to prevail. All magistrates and other civil utficers
are to resume the exercise of their functions ; previoutily
taking an oatli to be faithful to the government of the U.
. States, as long as they shall be in possession n< th^j countiy.
, Tiie authority of all militia commissions is sii.spended in
said district, and the officers required to give Ibeir parole,
ia such way as the officer , who may be a^^pointed by the
: ccmmanding Gen. to administer the goveriiment, shull di-
rect. . .

'K.

irisTORY OF iiii: wab.

)23t

le lantl and
enemy ^^llh-
een ciplured
I quid possc's-
rovitle for i!s
)rocla»m ai.d
' ihe inliabi-
as they exist-
kl, shall con-
civil ortit'ers
; previously
ent of Ihe I'.

snupcnded ill
Iheir l)arole,
iiileil by the

nenl, sl»»n i^'-

Tlic ii)lml>ilanls of Kaid (listiict arc proiiii.>cil protection
Ui their persons and properly, with the I'xreplion of those
ca.'^cs einbrac(!(l by the proelauiution t>f Gen. Proctor^ of
llit' — ull. which is declared to be in force, and the powers
Iherein assumed transfern d to the ol)icer|[appointed to ad-
ini!iister the 'government.

Given under onrholtids and seal!), at Sandwich, this ITlh
Oct. 1813.

(Signed) WM. IIHAimiSON. '

OJJVKRII. PERKY.

CHAUNCEV'S VICTORY,

Com. Chauncey to the Secrvtary of the Navy,

U. S. S. Gen. Pike, Sackett's Harbor, Oct. 6, 181S.

SIR — I have the pleasure to inform you, that I arrived
here this morning;, with five of the enemy *« vessels, which
1 fell in with and captured last eveinu; off the Ducks.
They were part of a fleet of seven sail which lell York on
Sunday with 234 troops on board, bound to Kingston. Of
ihis fleet five were captured, one burnt, and one escaped;
the prisoners, amounting to nearly 30U, besides having Uit-
wards of 300 of our troops on board from Niagara, induc-
ed me to run into port for the purpose of landing both.

I have an additional pleasure in informing you, that
amongst the captured vessels are the late IT. S. schs. Julin
and Growler, the others are gun vessels.

I have the !ionor to be, \c.

ISAAC CHAUNCEY.

Return of the troops of H. B. l\Vs. De Watteville regi-
menty captured in the atmve vessels.
1 Major, 1 Capt. 3 subalterns, I surgeon, 10 sergeants, 4
druuiniers and buglers, 202 rank and file.

Officers and marines. — 1 Lieut. 2 master (« mates, 36
seauien and marines of the royal navy, and 4 sailing mas>
tersof the provincial navy.

.1 . GIBSON, Inspector Geri.^

Something Sinyular. — About the 1st of Oct. 1813. Capt.
Morgan, of the rifle corps was sent from SacketCs Harbor,
to Gravelly Point, near Kingston, for the purpose of tak-
ing possession of the Point. Seeing an English schr. gua
boat, he coftcealed his mm, about ($0, nnd sent a small

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HlSTOhV OF THF. WAR.

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boat ulong tlic ibe Hhore, wliicli they espied, and gave
cboite to ; our men landed, and took to the woods ; the ene-
my cuuie near shore, mid sent a party after the fugitives,
when Morgan's company rusht-d from their hiding place,
nnd gave them such a reception, as either to kdl or wound
every one, as they appeared on deck ; a few of our meu
waded out and took posxessiou of the gun boat, while those
on shore stood ready to fire at the first man who made hh
appearance, \\edid not lose a man in this gallant little
exploit; the enemy lost 3 killed — 7 wounded and 50 pri-
soners.

Coin. /?Of/;^cr*, Sailed from Boston the 23d of April, 1813,
and returned to Newport, Sept. 26. — After crossing tlie
Seas in almost every direction, cruising for some time in the
British channel, and on the coast of Norway, without see-
ing a public vessel, of the enemy's excepting i 74, ami
frigate in company, which chased him three days, often no
near as to give, and receive a shot, the Com. returnea to
port, to recruit his stores. • . . \

The President captured ths following vessels on her
cruise. — Brig Kitty, of 2 guns and 12 men, cargo of cod-
fish ; sent into France. Packet brig Duke of Montrose,
of 12 guns, and 34 men ; sent to England as a cartel, wilb
78 prisoners. Letter of marque brig Maria, of 14 guns,
and 3e> men ; cargo of codfish, sent into France. Schr.
Falcon, of 2 guns, and 11 men, cargo of codfish, sent into
France. Brig Jean, burnt. Brig Daphne, of 2 guns and
10 men, sunk. Sh'p Eliza Swan, of 8 guns, and 49 men;
cargo of blubber oil, ransomed for 5000 pounds sterlitij^.
Brig Albert, can^o of pitch and tar, burnt. Barque Lion,
of 8 guns, and yd men ; cargo of blubber oil, ransomed
for 3000 pounds, sterling. Brig Shannon, cargo of rum,
sugar, and molasses, sent into the United Slates. Brig
Fly, of 6 guns, ind 10 men ; cargo of cofJ'ee, sent into the
United States. His B. M's schooner High Flyer, of />
guns, 5 oflicers, tnd 34 men, brought into Newport; the
High Flyer was stid at auction for eleven thousand dollars,

i.«. .

Col. Clarke to the ISccrttury oj War.

Camp, Chazey-Landing, Oct. 15, 1813.
It is wilb great pleasure I can inform you oi a success*
I'lil attack upon the enemy at Massesquoi bay, on the morn-

HTSTORV or nzn WAR.

2^9

\n^ of Uir 1-2ili iiiHt. At this lime I hud only the riflemeti
with me, the artillery ninvinf[^ slow and the miiitin protect-
w{r Iheir rear. Wc proceeded to the village (Masses-
quoi)nnd arrived within 15 4H)(ls of the enemy before we
were discovered. iVe found themdra;vn up under Major
Powell in a mann<ir that would have nniioyed us much, had
we nttacked them by waiter, but wholly unprepared to de-
f<>nd themselves on the laud Nidet-^they commenced a fire
on the left Hunk, but in ten minutes after the first attack
(hey laid down thuir arms and surrendered tiiemselves pris-
oners of war. **i''*iUi J ')li — Mi»«i-n H. i .» it 1

UitileratandinfT that a force of 200 men under Col I^ck
was marching to attack us, I despatched Capt. Finch with
his company to reconnoitre them and ascertain their course.
He proceeiied with such |>romptness and ability as to sur-
prise and capture the advanced ^nsrd, consistmg of cav-
alry, excepttni^ one man who escaped, and givmg the iu-
lormation, the enemy retreated. tUi-x^ ft] i .» ■ » i,;o»i m i >^/

The prisoners were then put on board our boats and sent
1(1 Hurl ins^ion. Our whole force engaged was 102 — the
number of prisoners taken is 101 ; thetr killed^', and

woniuled 14. .,. - , i

I am, :ir, with respect, &c. '' . ■ ;^ • .f ■'.*■' ;\
..u.,,u v^iiiiil-iiotlJ .r-.t^uiii Vr ,'iH ISAAC CLARKE.

'■(r vti iKi.

Massacre at fori jfensaw.— The following' particulars
of the massacre at fort Tensuw, is received from Jutdge
Toulmin, of Mobile.

* The dreadful catastrophe which we have been some-
time expecting, has at length taken place ; the Indians
have broken in upon us in numbers and fury unexampled.
A few days before the attack, (Sept. 1) some negroes of
Mr. Girt'vHwho lived in that part of the Creek territory
which is inb^^.bited by half breeds, had been sent up the
Alabama to his plantation for corn ; three ofUiem were
taken by a party o'i Indians. Oite escaped and brought
down news o' the approach of the Indians. The officer
gave but little credit to him, but they made some further
preparation to receive the enemy, and ou Saturday and
Sunday considerable work was done to put the fort in a
state of defence. Sunday morning tliree negroes were
sent out to attend the cattle, who soon returned with an ao-

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HISTORY OI XHK WAK.

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count (hat they had iecn 20 ludiaos. ^-Scouts ' were ^cnt
out to asc'erlniu the truth of the report ; they relumed uod
declared they could see no sig^s of Indiaut. One of Uic
negroes belonging to Mr. llandon was Mrhinped for bnug.
ingV ^but ihe} deemed, a false reporl.' — He was sent uut
again on Muiiuay» and saw a body of Indians approach-
ing ; but atraid vf being whipped, he did not return to
Mini's but to Piercers fort; but before hjsstory roulii be
eoniniunicaled, the attack was made. The commanding
oiiicer culled upon Mr. Fletcher, wiio owned another of
the negroes, to whip him also. — He believed the boy, and
resisted two or three appltcutions ; but at length they hud
him actually brought out fortlie purpose, when the Indians
a|)peared in view of the fort. The gate was open. The
luiliaiis had to come through an open field lOOyarili
wide, before they could reach the fort, and yet they wen
within '6i> steps of tjiiie fort at 11 in the morning, l>efore they
were noticed. The sentry then gave the cry of * Indians!
when they immediately setup a most terrible war-lioo|i
and rushed into tlie gate with inconceivable rapidity, and
got witliin it before the peojile of the fort had an opportu-
nity of shutting it. This decided their fate. Major Bease-
ly was shot through tlie belly near the gate;

*■ These was a large body of Indians, though they pruba>
biy did not exceed 400. Our people seemed to sustain the
attack with undaunted 9|>irit. They took possession ot
he port lioles in the outer lines of the fort and tired ou the
Indians who remained in the field. Sotttc of tlie Indians
gt^l upon the block house at one of ihe corners ; butuflci
firing a good deal down npon the people they were diiilod«r-
ed. They succeeded however in setting tire to a huase
near the pickets, from which it was communicated to the
kitchen and fi'om tbence to the main dwelting house.
Ti?ey attempted to do it by burning arrows, but failed.
When the people in the fort saw the Indians retained full
possession of the outer court, thai the gate continued open,
that their men fell very fast, and that their houses were in
flames, they began to despond. Some determined to cut
their way through the pickets and escape. Of the vvhoic
number of white men and half-breeds in the fort, it is sup-
]x>sed that )»ot more than 25 or i30 escaped, and of these
mjiny were wounded. The rest, and -almost ;\1I the mo-

'«

HISTORY OP TnV WAR.

;A6

,neii anfl cliildrni ff;)l a jtarrificfl tilher to \\\c wmn of llie
(lid ions or to the flames. The biittlo Uksied alioat fi%e
iKHirs and a half.

* When the buildings were hnrningf And the fewwho re-"
mnincd were cxpcHed to the henvy tire of ihe enemy, they
lollected as many as they e<Mild of the giinii of the dMeas-

il, and threw both them i.od the remuinuig stock of am-
niuiiitioii into the flames, to prevent their becouiin^ snbsiT*
vJRiitin the hands of the Indians, to the destruction of their
tcliow citizens. Surely this was an instance of determined
resolution and benevolent foresight of which then'c are not

lanv examples, vtbtsu tt rfi««vn«ii hri* ir-? . >:tiu \*,v .b>l{ivC
' Notwilhstandinif the hraverj of our fellpw citizens, the
[iidians carried all before them, and murdered the armed
mid the helpless without <liscrimination. Our \ohh is 7
oommisyioned oflicers, and about 100 non-commissioned
off'cers ond privates, of the first regiment of Mississippi
Territory volunteers. There were about 24 famdiesof
men, women, and children in the fort, of whom almost all
have perished, amounting to about 160 souls. I reckon,
however, among them about six families of half-breeds,
and 7 Indians. There were also about 100 negroes, iif
whom a large proportion were killed.*

Gens. fVilkinsoH and Hampton.-^Thase two Generals
made an attempt to take Montreal about the 1st of Nov.
1813. Gen.. Hampton was stationed at Piattsburgh, and
was to meet Gen. Wilkinson at French Mills; having
succeeded in marching through the forest 24 miles in one
(liiy, by way of Ghatauguay, and entering upon tlie seeond
lar<>;e forest, his guides left him, which occasioned the army
tu halt for three or four days; in the meun time our troops
aUem|)ted the enemy *s breast-work, thrown up in the woods
by falling trees, digging ditches, &c. and succeeded in
completely driving him from his position ; — a {mrty sent
rouiul to intercept their retreat was met by one of coiisi<W
erable force and obliged to retire. — Here some mijfUnder->^
itiiiiding took place between the two Generals on account
of the place of meeting; which, Anally contributed lai-gdy
to overthrow the expedition. Hampton immediately or-
dered his men back to winter quarters, in this Jarce
wp lost 34 men killed ami missing. — Gen Wilkinson

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M'os sUliuneil at ^»ckeU*« iliirl>or, nnd coiivo.yuii Iiim nriny
4k>viri) tiie St. Lawi eiire in bosUn, The enemy uliout iMhm>,
from Prencolt, Kingslun, Ace. hung on hiit re»r, nnii liar-
raniied him continnnllv OnrHrniy arrived ul WilliHniH.
bur§^«tbe lllh uf Nov. and wa% obliged Knfuve vbwit imd
attack the enemy to save Ihuir bu|iif|i^a|s;c>. The forceN were
about equally strong-, baviu^*: tVom I;^ lo li'iOO men enyruyp^d ;
each gave wuy by turns — our meu getting- out of anunu.
nitioilf left the fieltl of action unmobtitedt and pasHed duwii
the Nlreig^btM, \%itliout KetMu^i;' llie enemy aguiih We luxt
iu thiH buttle 102 t^oii>cuniqiisiiioned ofiicertf und privates
killed, 237 officers and privates wounded, with one ticid
piece. and several sfandot' arms : 3 oHicftrH and 28 privates
of the wounded were ttiken prisoners. At Cornwall Gen,
Wilkinson iirst received intelligence of the difl'ereiit ruule
Gen. Hampton had taken ; a council of General otiicei-s
i^as held, and it was agreed best to abandon the expedition.

AMFkjiCAN loss.
Jiff i' Killed 122 — wonnded 261 — mitising 31.

>,jrt«>bn < .»'lMt!^ BRITISH LOSS. s.scfKr ■ -bxiiJiVti'. i

• vxL?' Killed 210-^wounded 248 — prisoners VI. r^-

btu: .'.i;'!f,.i^^'l/ i CREEK WAH. t<Tr.i.l *iiw4>
* ( : t ip ' ; 'f\ i^en, JavhoH to Gov, Blounl,

Camp at Ten Islands, Nov. 4,1813.
Siii-^We have retaliated foi* the destruction of fort
Minis. Oik the 2d mst, J detached Geu. Coffee with a
p^t of his brigade of cavalry and mounted riflemen, to tie*
tiU'Qy T^tllushatches, where a considerable force of the lioii-
tile CiMeeks were coacenti'aled» The General executed
this intitiie. A hundred and eighty ^six of the enemy were
found dead on the; field, and about eighty taken prisoners;
forty of whom have been brought here In the iiunil)€i
left, there is a sufficiency but slightly wounded to take cartt
of those who are badly. ,ft , < ..Ui^iijr t,, .,.,r - ..»

J. herein enclose Gen. Coffee'^ official report of theacliou.
i':^'vn> I hav^lhe honor lo be, &c.
i.o.fi!.u /, , N> --. . .. - AWDREW JACKSO]?«.

HI*rrOHY OF TlflS WA».

387

■fsi :•; I'joa

^,n '|M Ui'odU ./,V^. CoffTC lo Gen. Jurkntm,

Cvim|i at Ten NHiias, Ntiv. 4, If) 13.
SIK — I had the lioiiur yestcrilHy, of trauMniittitig you &
nhurt ticcoiiiit of ail tiiif» aj^^t'iiieiit thul look place tietween u'
ileltt chmciit of about niite hundred meu from my bhgade,
with the eiiMiiy ul TalluiilintcheH towns ; the particulars
whereof 1 bet; leave hereui to recite to you. PnriiUaiit to
vour onler of the 2d, 1 lietaiU i from my brigade of cav-
alry uiid mounted riflemen, nine hundred men and officers,
aiiu )>rocc;«ded direrlly to the Taliuithatches towns, cros-
sing; Coo; ey river at the Fish Dam ford, 5 or 4 miles above
this place. I arrived within one and a half miles of the
town (dtslaiit from this place south>east eight miles) on the
inoniiiig of the ^d, at which place f divided my detach-
nient into two columns, the right composed of the cavalry
commanded by Col. AUcorn, to cross over a largp creek
that lay between us and the towns ; the left colunnn was of
the mounted riflemen under the command of Col. Cannon,
with whom I marched myself. Col. Allcorn wsa ordered td
march up on the right and encircle one half of the town; nnd
atthesametimethe left would foriha half circleon the l^ft, arid
unite the head of the columns in front of the town ; all of
which was performed as I could wish. When I arrived in
half a mile of the towns, the drums of the enemy began to
beat, mingled with their savage yells, preparing for action;'
It was after sun-rise an hour, when the action was brought^
on by Capt. UamniOiid and Lieut. Pattersotrs compaiiieii,'
who had gone on within the circle of alignment tor the'
purpose of drawing out the enemy from their buildings,
which had the most happy eft'ects. As soon as Capt. Ham-
mond exhibited his front in view of the town, f which! stood ^
in open woodland) and gave a few scattering shot, the en-'
emy formed and niade a violent charge on hi in ; he gav6
way as they advanced, until they met our right cohimn ;
which gave them a general fire and then chargM;-this
changed the direction of charge Completely ; the enemy
retreated, firing, until they got around and in their bniicl-'
ings, where they made all the resistance that an overpow-
ered soldier could do ; they fought as long as one existed, '
but their destruction was very soon completed ; oilir men
rushed up to the door^i of the houses, and in a few minutes
killed the last warrior of them; the enemy fought with sav-

\ I

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1di»4UMr OF THK WAR.

i^:infii.|

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ago fury, uttd lUttldealb wilb nil iU horrors, wilhuut slirmk.
in^ or complaining^ ; not one (iftked to b<> npured, bill I'uik^U
80 long as tliey could stand or kit. In consequence ot thi'ir
flying to their houses and mixing witli tlue lamdies, our
men in killing* the males, without intentioD, killed :\ik1
mounded a few squnws and children, which w«m rt'ii^rillod
by every officer and soldier of the detachment, but uhich
could not be avoided. Not one of the warriors escaped to
carry the news, a circumstance unknown heretofore.
.^.. ,... . a JiNO. COFFEE.

i»mW. /,!.iii 1 lo. AMERICAN IX)SS.

ult'to -»i<«fi iliif! Killed a— Wounded 41.. ,u \/ .uihw *„

nUtyK) [."tiUi l»i«;j»( liHITISH LO!IS„<ll .,ji,4ilni;}A*t)) I'V.

.«>»ri*jb /lii.h KiHed 180— Prisoners 84. -H tt> ^ ;f.ni i,
/'j!jr/»rj .*■.; ~~~~ »•» JT/i ik.'Hi ji. II .

\'i'w> -*t,-i Gen. Jackson to Gov. Blount. ^

Camp Ten Islands, Nov. 11, 1813.
\^EjL'tract.] SIR — 1 am just returned from an excursion
which I took a few days ago, and hasten to acquauit ^ou
with the result. , ,,, ,^ ,., ,,ti,. j,^,, , ^ui im t}ti\ii

Late On the evening of the 7th inst. a runner arrived
fromtlic friendly party in Lashley*s fort, (Taledega) dis-
tant: about 30 miles below us, with the iiiformatioti
that the hostile Creeks, in great force had encamped near
the place, and were preparing (t^^estroy it ; and earnestly
entreated tl>at I would lose no lime in affording relief.
Urged by their situation as well as by a wish tp mee<^. the
enemy so soon as an opportunity would ofter, I determMi.
ed upon commencing my march thither with all my di;>('C>-
sable force ; we encamped that night within six miles of
the fort I had set out to relieve. At sun rise we came
within half a mile of theii^, qnd having formed my men, I
inovedon in battle order. The infantry were in three
lines-^the militia on the lei't and the volunteers og the
*right. The cavalry formed the extreme wings : and were
ordered to advance in acu}t;e, keeping their rear connect-
ed with the advance of the infantry lines, and to enclose
the enemy in a circle. The advanced guard whom I sent
forward to bring on the engagement, met the attack of the
enemy with great intrepidity ; and having poured upon
them four or five very gallaiit rounds, fell back as they
had been previously ordered, to the main army. The ene-
my pursued, and the front line was now ordered to advance

L18I3.
extiursion
uaiut vou
It ttii\ t! > I c.
,er arrived
ileg.i) tlis-
iitormation
mpetl rie-rtr
deariiesliy
ii)^ relief.

luue*^, the

delermiii^

my tli:»i''0-

K miles of

we came
my men, I
•e in three
era op the
: aiwl were
ir cownecU

to endow
^liom 1 sent

lack of the

ureii upon
2k as they
The ene-

to advance

lIltTORY OF fnm WAft.

2'M

and meet hiv ; the ftre became {general along tlie tint linp,
»iid on that part ol' the %ing« which were conticifiiaiit».
The enemy; unable to stand it, tie^ii to retreat ; ImU wci«
met ul every tdrii, and pursiiL-d in overy direction. 'Vh*
n\*Ui wiiif^ cha»ed them with a ni<Mt deotnictive tire to the
iiiuiHitaiiis, a distance of about a miles; the victory how*
f've was very decisive.— When;ver they run thty lell
Irat'i's of blood ; and it is l)elievcd that very few will re.
iiini lo their villagCN in an Moiind u condition as they left
ilieni. I was comiielled to return to this place to protect
ilie sick ai;d woflnded, and t^tl my bu<rgage.
lnha.stt> I have thehonortobe, &c. .

ANDREW JACKSON.

AMERICAN LOSS.

Killed lA — wounded 15.

BRITISH LOSS.

Killed 290 — wounded not known.

ii^; J

I ti.'i«'r.'i!*> Gen. White $0 Oen. Coche. "••> V

Fort- Armstrong, Nov. 24, 181Ji.
[Extract] SIR— In mine of the 19tli inst. by Major
Outlaw, 1 promised voq a detailed report, respecting, the
detachment ordered by you to the Hillibee towns, in tlio
Creek nation, in compliance with thtit promise, I have
now the honor to state — that under your order of the lltb
inst. I immediately marched with the mounted infantry, un-
der the immediate command of Col. Rnrch. The cavalry
under the command of iMaj. Porter, and a lew of the Che-
rokee Indians under the command of Col. Morgan, with
very short rations for four da) s only. After destroying two
villages containing 123 I>ouses, we marched to the Hillibee
tuwii, consisting of about 20 houses, adjoining which was
Grayson's farm. — ^Previous to our arrival at that place, I
was advised that a part of the hostile Creeks were assem-
bled there. Having marohed within six or seven miles of
it on the 17th, I disnK)uiited a part of the force under my
comrajinfi. and sent them under the command of Col.
Burch, with the Cherokees under the command of Col.
Morgan, in advance, to surround t|ie town in the night,
-and made the attack at day light on ihe IBth. Owing to
tlie darkness of the nigltt, the to yn was not reached until
^fterday ligh^— IxU so coniplele ^^•a»* tho snnn*i'<e. lint, wr*

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UiaT^RT OF THC WUt<

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flucceedcd in (varrounding^ the town, and kttli«^and captur-
ing alm<Mt(if not eutirely) ibe whole oi' the ho«iile Crrrks
assembled Iheret cunsifiting of about dlO, of ulMch nnuiber
about 60 warriors were killed on the spot, fUMl the re-
mainder made prisonier». r We last not one drop of blooil
in accomplisliing Ibis enterprise. We destroyed Ibis vi|.
Jage ; ^nd, in obedience to yoiir orders, commenced our
march (Vh* this post, which we .were unable to reitch until
ye.sterdoy. .'oiJi'fMo* r. hni>nt> y,i iUfM*h\\rt -t^^V^'', t.^.
iVilo'. I have the honor to be, &c.

...M JAMES WHITE.

AMERICAN I.OSS.': >.i. j ...
'':0-i>l-)/.L / ! None.

BRITISH LOSS.

Killed t)O^Pri.souers 2o0.

Gen. FUnjdio Gen. Pinhneif

Catahou( he, Dec. 4, 1813.

lExlracL] SIR — I have the honor to comnninic ate lo
yon an account of the action fought on the 20th. ull.he-
tween part of the force Under my command, and a large
body of the Creek Indians. Having received inforraalion th;it
the hostile Indians were assembled at Autossee, 1 proceed-
ed thither with the force under my command, accompanied
by about 300 friendly Indians. We encsimped the *28th,
at night, within ten miles of our place of destination, ami
the next morning by half past G, were formed for action in
front of the town. v-. i. .in-i.ii'is'f} ; l

It was my intention to have completely surroundec' the
rnemy, by appayimj the right of my force on Canlehf
creek, at the mouth of which, I was informed, the town
stood ; and resting the left on the river below the town;—
but to our surprise, as day dawned, we perceived a second
town 600 yards below Autossee. The plan of al-
luck was immediately changed ; five companies immpdi-
ately surrounded the lower town, and the remainder attack-
ed the upper. The battle now became general. The In-
<lians presented themselves at every point, and fought with
the despeiate bravery of real fanatics ; but the well direct-
ed tire of the artillery, with the charged bayotiet, soon iorred
them to take shelter in their houses, and many, it is believ-
ej, secured themselves in caves previously prepared iallie

HIS'TORY OF THE WiB.

hiirh !)aBk of ll»e rir^^r. TKe friendly IndiaiM were lo cross
the r'lTer above the town, for (he purpose of taking such a«
nirght alltimpt to esstipe ; hut owing lo the coldness of the
Witter, thej declined, after making the attempt : they cross*
f-d the creek, ilYronged to our flanks and fought with an in-
h^pidiiy worthy of any troops. At 9 o'clock, the enemy
was completely driven from '^.e plain, and the houses of
hoth towns wrapped in flames, to the numi)er of about 400.
It is diflicult to determine the strength of the enemy, but
the chiefs say there were assembled the warriors of eight
towns, for the defence of Autossee, it being their beloved
(Trnand, on which, they proclaimed, no white mun couUI
nppraach without inevitable destruction. } ; u J .* .aLii
I have the honor to be, 8cc. . ^

^ JOHN FLOYD. ,

Killed 11-

AMEItlCAN LOSS.
-wounded 54.

BRITISH LOSS.
Killed 200 — wounded not known, il

;:■■.-? >"'■; <y

fUi

Cren. Claih9lme t9 the Secretary of War.

Fort Clail»orne, Jan. 1st, 1814..
[E^'/rac<]SIR— On the 13lh ult. I marched a detachment
from this post with a view of destroying the towns of the
inimical Creek Indians, on the Alabama, above the mouth
ot'tle Cahaba. After having marched about eighty miles,
from the best information 1 couid obtain, I was within thir-
ty miles of a town newly erected on a ground called Holy,
occupied by a large body of th^ enemy, .iider the command
of Wilherford, the half breed chief. On the morning of
the 22d, the troops resumed their line of march; chiefly
through woods without a track to guide them. When near
the town on the morning of the 2dd my disposition for
attack was made. — The troops advanced in three columns.
With the centre column I advanced myself, ordering Les-
ter's guards and WelVs troop of dragoons to act as a corps
of reserve. About noon the right column composed of the
twelve month's volunteers, commanded by Col. Joseph
Garson, came in view of the town called £cc;anachaca (or
Holy Ground )and was immediately vigorously attacked by
the enemy, who were apprized of our approach, and .had
chosen thoir field of action.

•'Y

1, !-J

'I- .1

■1

245

niSTORT OF THE WAR.

Before the centre, comniantled by Lieut Col. Russell^
"with a part of the 3d regiment of U. S. infantry and mouiiU
ed militia riikmen, or the left column) M/hich was compi»i».
ed of militia and a party of Choctaws under Pu&hamuttaha.
commanded by ^!aj. Smoot, of militia, who were ordered
to charge, couldcome generally into aclioa, the enemy were
repulsed and were flying in all directions, and many of theni
casting away th4;ir arms.

A pursuit was iiununiiately ordered Imtfrom the nature
of tile coonlry, nolhinj^ w as etfected. The town was near-
ly surrounded by swamps and deep ravmes, which render-
ed our approach difficult, and facilitated the esca^'C oi'tlu-
enemy, fn the town we found a large quantity of provi.
sions.and immense properly of various kinds, whicli the
enemy, flying precipitately, were obliged to leave bphii.d,
and which, together with two hundred houses were de-
stroyed. ..,. . ( ; "

The next day was occupied in destroying a town con-
sisting of sixty houses, eight miles higher up the river, ami
in taking and destroying the enemy's boats. At the town
last destroyed was killed three Indians of some dislinc-
tion.

I have the honor to be, &c.

i a:

.! FERD. L. CLAIBORNE.

i) . AMERICAN LOSS, i

,.: i.' Killed 1 — Wounded G»

BRITISH LOSS. f^^..^^ j,,, j.

Killed 33 — wounded not known.

■ii:;it

, li: • Gen, Floyd lo Gen. Pinhney.

■ ':.. i ' . Camp Defiance, Jan. 27, 1814.

[Extract.^ SIR — I have the honor to acquaint your ex-
ceil'-Micy that this morning iit 20 minutes past 5 o'clock, a
very large body of hotile Indians made a desperate attack
upon the army under my command. They stole upon
the centinels, fired on them, and with great impetuusitji
rushed upon our line : in 20 minutes the action became
general, and our front, right, and left flanks were closely
pressed, but the brave and gallant conduct of the field and
line oflicers, and the firmness of tlie men, repelled thetaat
every point. .^ . . < , ,

f;:

inSTORY OF THE WAR.

24t

Tlie aleady firmnes-s and inressjinl fire of Cap!. Thomas'
nrliHci^yt and Capt. Adiinis' riflenu'n, pr*>Hcrved our front
lines. ' The enemy rushed within 30 yardn of the artillery,
and C.ipt. Brodiiax, who coniin imlt-d one of the piquet
guards, mauitained his post wilh jL^reat bravery, until the
enemy gained his rear, and then cut his way through
hem to the army. As soon as it became lig;lit enough
todibitinguish objects, 1 ordered Majs. Watson s and Tre-
man's battallions to wheel up at right angles with Majors
Bo)lh*sand Cleveland's battallions, who formed the right
wing, to prepare for tJie charge. The order for the
charge was promptly obeyed, and the enemy fled in e^'ery
direction before the bayonet. Fromtheeflusion of blood,
and the number of head dresses and war elnbs found in
various directions, their loss must have been'considerable',
independent of their wounded.

I have llie honor to be, &c. " ■ ' • . ?

= JOHN FLOYD,

. :'i ;■,,.,. AMERICAN LOSS. ! •;

Killed 17 — wounded 132.

BRITISH LOSS.

Killed 52 — wounded not known. ., f

. ., 1 / ^ Gen* Jackson to Gen. Pinkne\f.

Fort Slrother, Jan. 29, 18U.
[Extract] SIR — I had ordered 800 Tennessee volun>
leersto join me on the 10th inst. but ihf.y did not arrive
until the 14th ; the next day they, with the force before
with me, 130, irarched across the river to graze our horses.
The motives which iufiaenced nve to |>enetrat.e fnrther into
the enemy *s country were many and urgent. 1 received a let-
ter from Col. Snodgrass, informing me that an attack was
soon to be made on fort Armstrong, by 900 of the enemy, col-
lected from New Youka, Oakfuskee, and Ufauley towns,
and were concentrated in the bend of the Tallapoosee." If
I could have hesitated before, I could now hesitate no longer.
On the 19th I encamped at Entochapco ; here I soon per-
ceived how little knowledge my spies had of the country,
of the situation of the enemy, or of the distance we were
from them, and the insubordination of the new troops, and
want of skill in their officers, became more apparent : but
my wishes and my duty remained united.

Vl\\\i

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11.

244

UTSTOKY OP THE WAR.

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* W« arrived within a few miles ofourcleslinat'oii ihc 21>ii,
end encamped on a \\\%\\ piece ol' ground ; alioul lo
o*dock at night our picket fired upoii a te w of the enemy, ai^l
killed one. At 11 oViock our spies retnrned with infor-
ina^ion thut a Urge binly of the enemy were encamped
abuut threfi mile» distant. Bein^r prepared at all points^
nothing^ remained to bf^ done, bnt await their approach, or
be in readinewt to attack them by day light. The enemy
attacked our left Hunk, about t> o'clock in the morning,
which was vigoroiisly met by our troopb ; the attack lasted
half an hour. So soon as it became light enough to pur-
sue the e<iemy, the brave Gen. CoHee led on our troops to the
charge ; the enemy was completely routed at every iwini,
and chased two miles wiMi great slaughter. Gen. Cofiiee
was now sent with 400 troops to reconnoitre the enemy's
camp, who returned ufter satisfying himself ot their strength.
In half an hour a considerable force of the enemy made its
appearance on ray right Hank, and attacked us with great
spirit. Gen. Coffee rf quested 200 men ofmeforlho pur-
post of tnroiiig thtir left Hank, which was granted ; but
by tiOMte mistake, not ubserveii at the time, only 54 followed
him, who were chiefly old volunteer officers. With tliis
httle band of heroes, llu* Gen. allacked it, and drove lluiu
from the ground; at tiie same time 200 friendly Indians
were ordered to .ali upon their right, and i:o-o()erate with the
Ge.erul. This order was soon obeyed, and in its execution
whai I exjiected, was realized. The enemy intended llieal-
tack o.t my rght as a tcMit, and soon attack* d my left wilh
their mnifi toice, wlsich they ho^ved to find weakened and in
dif.<>pier — Ihey vyre disappointed — tlie wholeline mcttjie
attack wilh tirmness and astonishing intrepidity, and having
given a few tires charged with great vigor; the effect was
inmiediate and inevitable. Thrf enemy fled with precipi-
taliou, and were pursued to a considerable distance with
great slaughter. In the mean time Gen. CoHee was con-
tending with a superior force, tht Indians having joined
my lett. Jim Fife, with 100 friendly Indians, I fnrthwilh
ordered to his assistance ; he no sooner reached the spot
than the General made a charge, and the enemy were rout-
ed and driven three miles, with the loss of 45 slain. I was
determined to commence a return march the next morning,

Hisvoiiy.Qir T#i« WA».

245

a.s my prumions were nearly coiifuinuil. I con; Ulered it
uul necessary to pursue thciu aity farther* u% the object of
a general engagemeut wouUl be more certniiily altaiiiedby
comiueticing a returu, vbich, to tbeqi, \%ould ba%u the a)>-
neuiuiic^ of a retreat, ami would iBM|>in.' (lurm with new
courage to (lur.sue me ; . and not prudent because oi iny
wounded, the starvint; condiliiui of my horsen, they not
having' nt'ither eat com nor cnuolor two days, and of the
sccTcity of my provisions- — intluenced by these considera-
iioiiii, 1 commencf d my return marcli on the 2:i(l .Mid reach-
ed Enolachopco that night. I took a diU'i rent route from
the one we came in, to avoid a deep deiilo bdwceu two
inountiitns. Having a deep creeL to pn»s i issued a gener-
al order pointiig out the manner in whieli the men should
be formed, m case of an attack. The front icuiud and the
wounded had crossed, vvhen nutdaiui gun was heard in the
reur. I heard it wilho^t surpriNC, and even with pleasure,
as I cidcuiated on the firmness of my trooi>M, from the mau>
ner in which I had seen them act on the 22d. Haymg
chosen the ground, I expected to have eutuely cut off the
enemy, by wheeling the right a:)d left cotuums ou their pi-
vots, recrussmg the creek above and below, and fallmg
upon their flanks ami re^r. But to my astouishnient, after
a few guns bad been fired, 1 beheld the right and left col-
aiutis of the rear guard give way. This sh imeful retreat
was disastrous in the extreme; drsiwmg with it the greater
part of the centre colmmn, and producing consternation
and dismay in the whole army. There was leli to oppose
the enemy a few pf the rear guard* the artdlery, and Capt.
Russeirs company of spie^ ; they reuli7.cd and exceeded
mv best expectations. Never was there more bravei y dis-
play td than on this occasion. Amidst the most galling
iire from the enemy, more than ieu times their number,
they ascended the hilh lu the hurry of the moment, iu
separating the gun from the limber^), the rummer and picker
were left tied to it. No sooner was this discovered Uian
Craven Jackson, and Constantine Perkins, gunners, found
means to replace them ; Jackson amidst the galling fire of
the enemy, pulled out the ramrod of his musket, used it as
a picker, primed with a cartridge, and fired the cannon.
Perkins having taken ofi' his bayonet, used his gun as a
rami^er^ aud Jackson usin{|; his former plan, again dis*

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UISTOBY 69 TtlE WAR.

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charged iter. Lieut. ArmAlron|; soon fell, and exclaimed
as he iay, * my brave feUotvs, some of you itiay/alli hut ymi
must snve the cannon.* AtUiiH time a number vrossed'the
creek, and Wintered iuta the chase, when they wer^ pursued
more than fwo miles, ileein^ ir» coiisternalioii, throwiiiff
avfay their packs, and left 20 of their warriors dead on Ibe
^(d. This lasl defeat waa deciaive.

I am, sir, with sentiineiits of rewpect, &c. '^^^ ' '
-ii^iJj'KnM .>i.^:.i .jjfJ.'ANDREVV JACKSON.

-jl'>«»f lMM:!/i.^'.'/ ' AMERICAN LOSS.- ''•'■''•''**>. ' '
l"'i. Ji*^! Killed 20— wounded 75^ "^^'i^«^i^'

BRITISH LOSS. '

Killed 33d — wounded, not known.

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oilf Gen. Jackson 4o Governor Blount. •-

'.J..U u: > , M ^i. .)•; Fort Williams, March 31, 1814.

[Ejftract.] SIR — 1 have juiit returned from the e.\pedi-
lion which 1 advised you in my lailt 1 was about to make
to the Tallapoosee ; and hasten to acquaint you with the
good fortune which attended it.

I took up the line of march from this place on the morn-
ing* of the 21st inst. and having' opened a passage of 62 1-2
milesover the ridges which divide the waters of the two riv.
«rsi I reached the bend of the Tallapoosee, three miles he-
lyond where i had the engagement of the 22d of January,
and at the southern extremity of New-Youka, on the
iBlorumg of tlie 27th. Thiis bend resembles in its curva-
ture that of a horse shoe, and is tlience called by that name
aipong the whiles. Nature furnishes few situations so elli-
gible' for defence, and barbarians have never rendered one
more secure by art. Across the neck of the bend which
leads into it from the north, they had erected abreast-work
4)f the greatest compactness and strength, from five to
eight feet high, and prepared with double port holes very
artfuUy^arranged. The figure of this wall manifested no
less skill in the projection of it, than its construction; an
army could not approach it without being expoi»ed I. a
double and cross fire from the enemy, who lay in perfect
security behind it.

In this bend the warriors from Oakfusky, Oakehagu,
New-Ypuka, Hillibee, the Fish Ponds, and Eufiiuta towns,
•apprisej of our approach, h^d collected their slrenglh.

UISTORT or THE WAJt.

Tbeir exa<!t number cannot be ascertained ; but it is said
by the iirinoners we have taken, tu ha^ e been . a thousand.

Early on the morning of ttte 27lh, havingr encamped the
prcrcdinn; night -.U the distance oftivemi|es from them, I
(iotailed (ien. Coifee with the mounted meiii and nearly the
whole of the Indian force, to cross the river at a ford about
:\ miles below their encampmeut, and to surround the l>eud

su<eh a manner. that none of thciu Khould escape by at-

lempting to cross the river. With tlie remainder ot the
forces 1 proceeiled slowly and in order, along the point of
land w hich led to the front of their breast-work ; having
planted my cannon (one six and one three pounder) on an
eminence at the distance of 150 or 200 yards from it, I
opened a brisk tire, playing upon the eaeuiy with the mus-
kets and rifles whenever they shewed themselves beyond
it; this was kept up, with short interruptions, for about two
lioui's, when a par^, of the Indian force, and Capt. RussellV
m<\ Lieut. Be;.n's companies of spies, w ho had accompani-
ed Gen. Coffee, crossed over in canoes to the extremity of
the bend, and set tire to the buildings which were there sit-
uated j they then advanced with great gallantry towards
the breast-work, and commented a spirited to upon tho;
enemy behind il.Vf>^ • ,;ri ..#r rti^r ■.(<'! - )•'•'>'•'*

Finding that this force, notwithstanding the bravery they
displayed, was wholly insufjficient to dislodge them, and:
ihat Gen. Coffee had entirely secured the opposite bank
nt'the river, I now detennitied to take their works by storm^
The men by whom this \vas to be effected had been waiting
with impatience to receive their order, and hailed it with
acclamation. , , i :v,rf^u».> : !; •• |t

The spirit which anim^ited them was a sure augury of
thf success which was to follow. The history of warfare
furnishes few instances of a more brilliant attack —the re-
p;alarsled on by their intrepid and skillful commander, CoK
Williams, and by the gallant Major Montgomery, soon
gained possession of the works in the midst of a most tre-
mendous fire from behind them, and the militia of the ven-
erable Gen. Ooherty^ brigade, accompanied them in the
charge, with a vivacity anil firmness that would have done
honor to regulars. Thetightingconlin led with some se-
verity about live hours

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248

niftTokt &lt •i'lTEAVAK.

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' According In my ori^infil purnOiie, I commenced my r^.
turn march for fort Wiiliatlis to-day, and i^liiill, if I find
supplies there, haslon to the Hickory ffroUnd. The pmvr
•f the Creeks is, I think, fdr ever broken. " - '

• I have th^ honor to be, &c. . » h «

f:'"^^;' ANDREW JAC]<L?ON.

InM^uiuurnvH AMERICAN LOSS. '^ 'o ■>., «^>,r/,

• in ,/i tH|i; :>*• Killed ^fS—Wonnded IOC.

'Hit Ui '\A)fl ,:. BttlTlSH LOSS. " " *'■ rr '

'to limr] ^'!i7"K'illed8-ia— Prisoners 250]""'''^^ ^'> •
an tun (i-yiiiufoiv'y.yul^ ^ ■ j n<>) tinftiMO /rtt h'jliii
-5*»)'rT •(;!• f!ji/> 7iir< CHAPTER %l\ /'■tit;^>'i*!'i4- {jon^

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'■ CAPT. PORTER'S CRUIZE!
Cetpi. Porter to the /Secretary of the Navy. ' " "
U. 8. F. Essex, Pitcific Ocean, .fuly 2, 18 lU.
/'^ SfH-^On the 23d March last, I sailed, shaping my
' course to the norlh^vard, and <yn the 26lh of the aanie
naonth, fell in with the Peruvian corsair ship Nereyda,
mounting* \6 guns : she had n few* da>s before, captured
two American whale ships, the crews of which (amounting
in number to 24 men) were then detained prisoners on
board her ; and they assign no other motiv^e for the cap.
ture, than that they were the allies ot'G. Britain, and a!>
such, should capture all Airiericnn vessels they could fall
iu with ; therefore, to prevent in future such vexatious pro.
ceedings, I threw all her armament into the sea, liberated
the Americans, and dismissed the Nereyda.

I then proceeded with all possible dispatch for Lima, lo
intercept one ot" the detained vessels, which had parted witli
the Nereyda outy three days before, and was so fortuiiale
as to arrive there and recapture her on the 5th April, atlbc
moment she was entering- the port. This vessel (the ship
Baiclay, Capt. Gideon Handall, of New Bedford,) Itook
uni.e' my protection, and have had her with me ever since.
FimuLana, I [)roceeded for Galapagos Island where!
captured the following British Letters of marque ships.

Montezuma, 2 guns, 21 men — Policy, 10 guns, 26 men
— Gecrgiana, (5 ^uns,25 men — Atlantic, Bguns, 24 men—
and Greenwich, 10 guns, 26 men.

BiSTORir OF Tini WAE.

249

ea, liberated

The Georgfiana being reputed a ver? fani sailer, and ap-
pareiill) vtell calculated for a cruizer, I mounted 10 gun«
on her and u[ave the conimaud of her to that excellent offi-
cer, Lieut. John Dowi:«;(i, with a complement of 42 men.

Lieut. JJownes joined ^^^e nt Tumbez* near Guiaquil, on
thecuastofPeru. on the 21th June, after capturing three
Letter of Marque Nhipn.

Hector* i 1 guns 25 men — Caiheriney 8 guns, 29 men —
Ru.se, 8 guns, 21 men.

I found, by experience, thai the Ceorgiaiia did not de-
serve the character given of her for sailing. I therefore
sbipf>ed her officers and crew to the Alluutic, and mount-
ed on her 20 guns, with a complement of (K) men, and ap-
puinted m'.iishipman Hich. Dashiell^ acting sailin|;r master,
on board her ; to this vt'ssel 1 gave the name of £ssex Ju-
nior. I also fitted up the ship Greenwich as a store ship,
and mounted on her 20 guns, placing her under the com-
mand of Lieut. Gamble, of the marines. On board her I
have put all the provisions and stores ot my other prizes,
except a supply of three and a half months for each, and
have by this means secured myself a full supply of ever}'
necessary article for seven months. 1 had hoped to dis-
pose of my other prizes at Guiaquil : the Govs, in Peru,
however, are excessively alarmed at my appearance on the
coast, as my fleet now amounts to nine sail of vessels, all
formidable in their appearance, and they would if they dart',
treat us with a hostility little short of declared enemies.

indeed, sir, when 1 compare my presient situation with
\That it was when I doubled Cape Horn, I cannot bii^. es-
teem myself fortunate in an extraordinary degree. There
ipy ship was shattered by tem}iestuous weather, and desti-
tute of every thing; my officers and crew half starved, na-
ked, and worn out with fatigue. Now, sir, my ship is in
pnme order, abundantly supplied with every thing neces-
sary for her. I have a noble ship for a consort of 20 guns, '
and well manned, a store ship of 20 guns, and well sup-
plied with the best of every thing that we may want, and
prizes which would be worth in England two millions of
dollars : and what renders the comparison more pleasing,
the enemy has furnished all.

The times of my best men have expired ; but their at-
♦acbmeni to the ship, and theic zeal for lh« service we arts

»/ J Off ^;: */

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mSTOSfV 09 THE WAR.

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onu^ffcd nn, prevent all t^omplainLs on that account. It ]%
not probable thai you will he.ir of me for several months io
roDic, unlesH Mime dittatiter h»ppeii» ; but 1 beg leave to
HSHnre you. sir, that 1 fthall not be idle.

1 have the honor to be, kc. »^ •"*''»«'
f .!rti 1 jj. PORTER.

M.|T.

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Losn of fort \iat/ara. — Gen. M'Clure, almut the first of
Dec. 1813, nbanduned fort Gcor^., in Canada, an J burnt
llie town of Newark, udjoiniDg it, as a measure, to
prevent tlie enemy's occupy inij fort George after he had
left it. On Ihe I8th of the Name month, the British crossed
to Lewislown, in considerable force, and burnt it to the
ground ; when their Allies were set at liberty, and itidulg-
ed freely in their brnlal excesses, in murderinjj; our defence-
less citizens ; they then attacked and burnt Mancheslcr,
and Tnsc'.irora, the latter an Indian town. In the menn
time the British attacked fort Niagara, and look it by i^lorni,
at 4 o'clock on the morning of Ihe 19th ; the gate beinu
o|)en, they stu'prised the picket, and entered the fort I'd'ore
they were discovered, when a scene of terrible slaiighttr
took place. They were not opposed by any, except a few
wounded men in the southeast block honse, and a few of
the guard; but, strange as it may appear, the enemy bny-
ouetted about 80 of our men, chiefly, after they had critd
for quarters. The preceding facts were sworn to before a
justice, by Robert Lee, a gentleman of Lewislown, who
was in the fort when taken.

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• Biitnivff of Bnjfaloe and Black Rock. — Soon after llie
storming of fort Niagara, and the burning of Lewislown,
&c. Maj. Gen. Hall repaired to the frontiers, for the pur-

S>se of collecting a force, (militia) sufficient to defeml
uHUloe and Black Rock. From the 22d Dec. to the iOth,
Gen. Hall had collected about 2000 troops, militia and ex-
empts, but was reduced to 1200 by desertions, on the n)or-
ning of the battle of the 30th. In the evening of the 29tli
(says Gen. Hull, in a letter of the 30lh Dec. to Gov. Tomp-
kins,) at about 12 o'clock, I received information that one
of our patroles had been tired on, one mile below Black
Rock. The enemy advanced and took possession of Ihc
battery neai Conjokaties creek. The troops were imme-
diately formed, and stood by their arms. I was not jet

IIISTOIIY OF TRE WAR. |

241

U'liutn what point iht- eitfniy ineaiit to atlack. 6«iiif|;
anxious to aiitici|mtu tiie eiu'iiiy'M l.imltii*;', ainl meet bun ut
|*«c water's ed^e, I gave onlf i'm fur tlie lruo|»H :it llie Kucki
tu attack liie tncmy, and dthlodjre tliem troin the battery,
and to drive theoi to their buatH. The attfuipt tailed
tliroujfb the confusion into whicik ll>€ nnliha \«ere thrownt
un thc'tir!4t tire of the enemy, und ihedarkness of the night.
I then ordered the corps undvr Major AdtiniH, antt Co\.
Ciiapin to make the attack. Thene three detachments were
thrown into confusion, and were of no service afterwards.
As lite (htv dawned, I discovered a detachment of the en-
cmy*K l)oals cru»sino; to our shore, and bendinj^ their course
towards the rear of Gen. Porter's hou'^e. I immediately
ordered Col. Biakesiie to attack the enemy's force ak the
water's tidge. I now became satisiied as to tite disposition
and object of the enemy. Tlieir left win^f compos<xl of
lUUO regulars, militia, and Indians, had been landed below
the creek, under cover of the night. With tlieir centre,
consisting of 400 royal Scots, conmianded by Col. jGordou,
the battle was com Qienced. Their rij^^ht which wts pur-
posely weak, was landed near the main battery, merely to
divert our for<;e, the whole under the immediate oommi^nd
of Lieut, ten. Drummond, ana, led on by Maj, Gen. Hialh
They were attacked by four field pieces in the battery and
utthe water's ed^e -, at the same time the battery from the
other side of the river opened a heavy tire upon usi of shellSf
jiot shot, and ball. The whole force now opposed to tho
enemy was at most, not over t>00 meii> the reuiamder hav-
ing fled, in spite of the exertions of their otiiicers. These
few, but brave men, disputed every inch uf ground, w ith th^
sleudy coolness of veterans, at theexpence of many valua-
ble lives. The defection of the unlit. a, and tl>e reserve^i
and loss of the services of the cavalry, by reason of tlie
(ground on which they must act, left the forctt eitgaged|
exposed to the enemy's tire in front and flunk. iVftei*
standing their ground for half an hour, opposed by an over-
whelming force, and nearly sm'rounded, a retreat became
necis:.ary to their safely, and was accordingly ordered, i
then made every effort to rally the troops, with a view to at-
tack their columns as they entered the village of Buffaloe ;
but all in vain. Deserted by my principal force, I fell back
that night to Eleven Mile creek, and was forced to leavo-

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HISTORY or THE WAA.

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the douriKhing villn|<fef of Black Rock and Buffaloe a prey
lotlieeiieui)', which lh«y have |Mlin{|^ccl aiitl laid in OHliev
They have ^niiied hulhUle phiiiderTrom the |mblic ylorcs^
the rhiet lotM Wah fallen upon individiif.U/

Our loM waxdOkiilud— 40 wounded — and 60 mis.sing,
and one cannon. * 1 regret to add, (sayii Gen. Hall, tg
Gov. Tompkins in hi^ letter of J^m. 2i3) that on repO!t.*ieH.
(titig^ the battle ground, we colU'cted 60 dead bodies, )v\
nnbuned, of the battle of the aoth ult. The enemy udmil
their loss to be, in killed and wounded, 300/

i(h

Col. Builer to Gen. Harrison.

Dotroit, March 7, 1814.

[Extraci] SIR — By Lieut. Shannon, of the '27lh regi-
inent U. S. intantrv* 1 have the honor to inform you, that
a detachment o\' the troops under my cununand, letl by
Ciipt. Holmes, of the 34lh regiment U.S. infantry, have
obtained a signal victory 9\et the euemy.

The affair Ipok place on the 4th inst. about 100 miles
from this place, on the river De Trench. Our force con«
flirted of ho more than 160 rangers and mounted infantry.
The enemy, had from their own ackiiowljedgmeni, '2'ih.
The fine light company of the royal Scots is totally destroy-
ed 3 they led the attack most gallantly, and their cununan-
der fell within ten paces of our front line. The light com-
^any of the 89th has also suft'ered severely; one oJ9icer of
that company fell, one is a prisoner, and another is said to
be badly wounded. In killed, and wounded, and prison-
ers, the enemy lost about 80 — whilst on our part there were
but four killed and four wounded. This great disparity
in the loss on each side is to be attributed to the very judicious
position occupied by Capt. Holmes, who compelled the ene-
my toattack him at great disadvantage ; this, even more than
hi>* ^^Ihmtry, merits the laurel.

We took one hundred head of cattle also froip the ene-

lDy» intended tor Lono^ Point or Burlington.

~»j3'.;. Vn' ji^^iu 'i h ,U ^u,' >■■'«» 'i'i' v/*' -'i* ' H.

BUTLER.

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WARRINGTON'S VICTORY.

Capt. ]^arrin(fton to the Secretary of the Navy.
-'^' U. S. sloop Peacock, at sea, April 20, 1814.

* [Extract.] SIT^ — -1 have the honor to inform you, that
we have this moruin^ captured, after aa action of 42 min-

HisrronY or the wim.

253

tfteti, his inajetl)f'i bri<; Epervter» rating and mounting 18
;)i pound cnrronadi!!!, witli 1SH men, of vi hom II \i(re
killed and 15 woundrd. Nul a man in th^ Prat'ock «>iis
killed, nud only two wounde<i, neither dani;erouNl} no.
The t'ttle of the E|>ervier would have been dt-U rmined in
ouch iesM time, but fur the circumKlanre of onr f(»r*>->ard
Ixfing totally disabled by two round shut in iht* stlarlMturd
quarter from her tirttt broadside, which enlir« ly (ieiirivtd us
of the useof our fore and fore-top>Hail», aiidcumpeiled us to
k<>ep the ship large throughout the ro'mainder of the artion.

This, with a few top-maiit and top-galiant back Kta>»cut
away, a few shot through our sails, is the ony injury the
Peacock has sustained. Not a round shut (oucheil oitr
hull) our masts and soars are as sound asi ever. When
tbe enemy struck, he had iive feet water li\ his hold, his
main-top-mast was over the side, his main boom shot away,
h\i fore-mast cut nearly in two and tottering his fori^ rig-
ging and stays shot away, his bowsprit badly wounded, and
45 shot holes in his hull, 20 of which were within a foot of'
his water line. By great exeitiou, we got her iu sailinj^^
order just as the dark came on.

In 15 minutes after the enemy struck, the Peaci rk was
ready for another action, iu every respect but her "'jre-yard,
which was sent down, finished, and had the fore-sail set
again in 45 minutes — suck was the spirit and activity of
our gallant crew. The Epervier had under her convoy
an English hermaphrodite brig, a Russian and a Spanish
ship, which all hauled their wind and stood to the £. N.
£. I had determined upon pursuing tbe former, but found
that it would not answer to leave our prixe in her then
crippled state ; and the more particularly so, as we found
she had $120,000 in specie, which we • ir n transferred to
(his sloop. Every officer, seaman, and marine did his duty,
irbich is the highest compliment 1 can pay them.

I have the honor to be, &c. 'nrrAht^K

. .;... r , i..,,, u.u ,.. I,. WARRINGTON. '

, • ''/■■f^ '■' ■ AMERICAN LOSS. " ■ •• •-'••»

Killed none — wounded 2. .' ?;;,,'

BRITISH LOSS. '^ 1 /

]K.illed 11 — wounded 16 — prisoners 117. >'•

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HISTORY OF THE MAIL

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I Lieut. Wooiney to Com. Chauncet/.
( Iff b*ackett'H Harbor, June 1» 1814.

[£Jar/rat'/.] SIR — I hnd the honor lo receive per express
your communication of the 27lh, vestintrin tT'<)diKcretionnry
puwerf. I immediately despatched Mr. Dixon in the louir
g'tg to reconnoitre the coast, and weitt with my officers to tite
talis, U» run the boats down over the rapids. At sun sci
we arrived at Oswego with the boatH (19 in number) ioud-
ed in all with 21 long; 3*2 pounders, 10 24 pounders, 5 42 do.
(carronades) and 10 cables, besiden some Ii^ht articles,
and distributed in the butteaux a guard uf about ]''>0 rifle-
men, under command of Major Apiding. Mr. Dixoa
having returned with a report of the coast, bein^ cieai, we
set oil' at dark and arrived at Big Salmon river about sun-
ri^e on the 29th, with the loss of onqboat having on board
|wo 24 pounders and one cable.

At Big Salmon we met the Oneidas, \i honi I had des.
patched the day previous, under the command, pf Lieut.
IlilU of the riile regiment. As soon as tliey had taken up
their line of m^rch along the shore to Big Sandy Creek,!
started with all the boats and arrived at our place of desti-
nation about twd mt\&^ up the Creek. At 2 P. M- on the
30lh, I received your latter oi the 29ith, 6 P. M. per express,
and agreeably to the order contained therein, sent Lieut.
pierce to look out as far as Stony Point : about 6 he retuvneil,
having been pursued by a gun boat and three barges. The
best possible di.spositioii was made of the riflemen and In-
dian's^ about half a mile below our boats. About 8 A.M.
ft cannonading at Ipng shot was commenced by the enetiiy,
and believing (as I did)that no attempt would be made to
land with their small force, I ordered Lieut, Pierce to [^ro-
ce0d in erecting sheers and uiakiug preparations to unload
the boats. About 9 o'clock Capt. Harris with a squadron
of dragoons, and Capt. Melvin with a company of light
artillery and 2 6-pounders, arrived. Capl. Harris the co'n-
mandmg officer, agffced with me that tliis reinforcement
should halt, as the troops best caUruIated for a bush tight
•were already oa the giound, where they cou:d act to the
greatest advantage, aiid that the enemy seeing a large re-
inforcement arrive would most probably retreat. About
"10, the enemy having landed and pushed u[) the creek with
four gun boats, three cutters, and one gig — the ritleinca

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

251

under ihal excellent officer. Major Appling^, arose from
llietr concealment, uixl nt'ter n .sinurt fire of about 10 min-
utes, siicceeiled in capturing all the iMiats and their crews,
without one haviuuj escaped. At about 5 F. M. buried,
\v.\\\ the honors of war, Mr. Hoare(a British midshipman)
killed in the urtion.

The enemv's loss in this afiair, is 4 g-un boats, one car-
rvii);^ 1 21 puutider, and one (58 lb. carronade ; each of the
olliers carrying two heavy guns ; two cutters aud I gig.

1 have the honor to be, &,<•. ^

M. T. WOOLSEY.

' • ' \ AMERICAN 1.0SS. . '

'■•'' Killed none— wounded/). '" ' ■'

'■ ' BRITISH IX)SS. ' ' '

' Killed 14— wounded 28 — prisoners 169. '

LOSS OF THE ESSEX. I

Caj)t. Foiter to the Secretary of the Navy.

Essex Junior, at sea, July U, 1814.
[Extraet.l SIR — I sailed from the Delaware, Oct. 27,
1812, and repaired Ic Port Praya, Noionho, and Cape Frio.
On my passage from Port Praya to Noronho, 1 captured
his li. M. packet Norton ; after taking out 11,000 pounds
sterling in specie, sent her Tor America. Off Cape Frio
1 captured a schooner with hides and tallow, and sent her
into Porto Rico. I proceeded to St. Catherines to supply
my ship with provisions. Fror.i St. Catherines I shaped
my course tor the Pacific, and arrived at Valparaiso March
11, 1813. Of the success we met with in onr next cruise
you have been informed in my letter of July 2, 1813. I re-
ceived information that the Phoebe frigate, and Racoon
uiid Cherub sloops of war, were in pursuit of me. My
shij), after being near a year at sea, required some repairs
to put her in a state to meet them ; which I determined to
do, and repaired, with my prizes, »j) the Island of Nooa-
beevah, or Madison Isl:u»d, where I completely overhaul-
ed my ship, and took on board, from the prizes, provisions
and stores for upwards of fimr months, and sailed for the
toasl of Chili, Dec. 12, 1813. Previous to sailing I secur-
ed the Scringapatam, Greenwich, and Sir A. Hammond,
under the guns of a battery which 1 had erecte«l for their
IM'oteclion ; (after taking possession of this tine Island, for

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niSTOUY OF THE WAK.

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Ihe United Stales, and eslablishino^ the raost friendl^r inter
course with its natives) 1 leil tht^m tinder the care of LiciiU
Gamble and 21 men, with orders to repair to Valparaiso
after a certain period. Believin^r C 'Ui. Hillytr wou.d be
most likel}' to appear at Valparaiso tirst, I titertture deter.
mined to cruise about that place. Ag'reeably to my ex-
pectations the Cum. arrived at that plact- ; but, contrary to
my wishes, he brought with him the Ciierub sioop of
war, mounting 28 guns, and a complement of 180 men.
The force of the Piioebr, the Commodore's fii»g ship, was
30 long 18 |)Ounders, l(j 32 lb. carronades, and 7 '6 poun-
ders in her tops, in all 6^ guns, and a crew of ii'iO men;
making a force of 81 guns and 500 men. The force of
the Essex was 40 32 lb. carronades and 6 long twelves, and
her crew had been reduced by manning out her prizes to
255 men. They pk'ovisioned, and went off the port for the
purpose ofblcx'kadingme. I often endeavored to provoke
a challenge, and bring the Phoebe alone to action with the
Essex, but without success. ThtJre were no hopes of any
advantages to my country tVom a longer stay in port; I
thcrafore determined to put to sea the first opportunity.
The 28th of march, the day after this resolution was funn-
ed, the wind blew fresh from the south, when I parted my
larboard cable and dragged directly out to sea. Not a
moment was to be lost in getting sail on the ship. On
rounding the point a heavy squall struck us, and earned
away our main top-mast, precipitating four men into th(
sea, who drow^ned. Both ships now gave chase ; seeino; 1
could not recover my former anchorage in my disabled
state, I ran close into a small bay, and anchored within pis-
tol shot of the shore, under cover of two batteries off Val-
paraiso, which beij^- neutral were bound to protect me ; al
least till I had repaired damages. I had not succeeded in
repairing or getting a spring on my cable when the enemy
at 54 minutes \ysiHi 3, P. M. made his attack. The Phoebe
placing herself under my stern, and the Cherub on my star<
board bow ; but finding that situation a hot one, she bore
up and run under my stern also, where both ships kept up
a raking tire. I h<id got 3 long 12 pounders out of tie
sttrii ports, which were worked with so much bravery tlial
in hali an hour we so disabled both as to compel thcin u>
haul oli to repair damages. My sbip had received many

niSTORY OP THB WAR.

957

injarieit, and Kcveral had been killed and wounded, but nil
a|)|teared determined ko defend ^he iiliip to the last, and to
die in pivt'ereiixie to a shameful surrender. The enemy
i(um r«^|mired m% damages and matle a fresh attack <\'ith
Uiitl) shi))(i ou Biy starhuard f{uarter, v.\\i of reach of my car-
i-onades and where uiy Ktern ^uns could not be brought to
bear — he there kept uf» a {galling tire wliioh it was out of
uvy power to return. The uidy rope not cat was the fiyinf
gib halluuds, and that beinp^ the only nail 1 could set, I
caused it to be hoisted, niy cables to be cut, and run down
on both bhtps, with an intention of laying tlie Phoebe ou
hoard. ;'■<' . i.'J^' ♦*v.^.f:'i'>'-.'- .;i. /. * >uiil ii.i.'t

The tiring on bnlh sides was now tremendous ; I' had
let tail my fore-topsail and foresail, but the want of tacks
and sheets rendered them useless, yet were we enabled for
a hhort time to close with the eaeniy, although our decks
were strewed with ihe dead, our cockpit filled with
wounded, our ship had been several times on Hre, and a
prfect wreck, we were slill encourai^ed to hope to save
her, as the Chedib in her crippled state, had been compel-
led to haul off. The Phoebe, from our disabled slate, was
enabled to edg'e t.ff, and choose her distance, for her long
l^uiis, and kept up such a tremendous fire, as to mow down
my brave companions by the dozen, i now gave up all
hopes of closing with him, and determined to run on shore,
land my men, and destroy the vessel. We had approach-
t'A the shore within mnsket shot, when in an instant the
wind shifted, and payeil our head down on the Phoebe. —
My ship was now totally unmanageable; yet, as her head
was toward the enemy, and he to the leeward of me, I
slill hoped to be able to board him. Finding the enemy
was determined to avoi<l being boarded, and my ship alarm-
mji'ly on fire, and the slaughter on board having become
most hon'i})le, I directed a hawser to be bent to the sheet
anchor, and the bow anchor to be cut, to bring her head
round : this succeeded, and we again got our gutis to bear;
but the hawser soon gave way, and left us a perfect wreck.
The flames were bursting up ihe hatchway, and no hones
were entertained of saving the ship, as a quantity of pow-
der had already exploded, and the fire had nearly reached
the magazine, winch served to increase the horrors of our,
situitfiou. I ihcrolbre directed those who could swim, t»

' *i

:i'

%. a

i!i

i! 4'

"nk Hi!

iii Hil

;: ' M

a5»

UimORY OF THE WAR

jump ovdrl>bnr<), nn<l g-aiiithe tihore. Some reached it

!>KMue weie luken l»y th« enemy — amd soiie perislied. We
"^ho reiiiHiiuul, tiinied our attention wholly to extinguiflhiiir>
the 'flumes; iijien we had Murceeded» weift ag^ain to our
gUi^df w\ieve the lining was kept up for some min 'tes. AU
must every ^un having been dismounted, and lue impossi*
l>ility ot'iYiiikiiiir further attempts to capture our atitairo.
niMLiy-aud the entreaties of the rt inainder of niv brave crew,
to i!;k>n'<jii<ic I lave Jfhe wounded, 1 sent tor the officers of
divisiuiiHtt co..sult them, but what was niv surprise, to tind
only acti.ig- Lieut. M'Kuiabl reinai;)iiit;-. 1 was informed
tliul the co('k|Ml, steerage, w;irf!r«M>m, and h rlh-d<.rk would
cont'iiiino uuvs'e wouMded; antl that the ship was tillniiv
with waler \try last. Tlie enemy were enabkii fconi the
itmoolhneNS of the water, to take aim at us as a tari'-et — m
fiiye^lsuw no hopes ofsavuiifmy vessel, or making mv es-
<ia(4€, iaftdut 20 iniuutes pasl ti P M . gave the patittuf or-
de^' to Kinke the colors. iseveuty-Hve men, iiicinchui'' ofh-
cers,'\icre all that remained of my crew when the ooiurs
were struck^ capable of doing duty. I directed au op|)o-
site tyun fired to lihew we intended no further res'slance;
buttliey did nol desist; a number of men were killed by
my side and in other parts of the ship. [ now believed lie
intended to show us no cpiarler, and thought it would be as
weJto diC with mv Hag ttyiiig- ius struck, and was on the
puint:gfa;^ain hoi-sting-it, ^^hen 10 minutes after hauling-
the Coloi's down, he ceased bruig".

- - I m»wt, in iustiiicalion of myself and crew observe, that
with our Av^ twelve poundersonly, welought thisaction, oui*
carronades Ikmu;];' almost useless.

vi-.Qur loss is 58 killed — 05 wounded — and 31 missiiiff —

total l£>4.

3-.

d •! >'!

J,;;/ I have the honor to l)e, fkc.
d 1 1. > DAVID PORTER.

. *. CoL Mitchell to Gen. lirown* - - ' •
•(■ :' u: i^i .-'■: ;.iO In-'i t.t- H. Q,. Osweg'o, May 8, 1814.

[Extract] SIR — I informed you of v, y arrival at foit
Osvveg-o oi» the 30th ult. This post being but oceasion-
j>lly and not itceutly occupied by regular troops, was in a
bail state ot <lefence. Of cannon we had but five old guns,
three of which had lo!?t their trunnions. What ctaiid be
done in the way of repair was effected. On the 5lh insl.

. ni»ssni£f —

fs, was 111 a

HISTORY OV TUK WAK,

*^^.

vhc British naval force c(>iiHi!tiiii(f •>! I<iiir lar^c hliips, lhre«
brigs and a number of jruti and olln-r lioaln vviM'f ilrNcned
;it reveille liealin^ aliuul Mevcn inlleM (roin the tort, liiluri-
nmtiuii Mas iinuiediatc ly iriveii to Ctt|»t. Woulsey ot Uie
navv, (who was at Oi*w» ^-o village) and lo the iieii>"hh«)r-
iii<^ luililia. It heiii^ do(ii)liiil on which »ide otitic river
the enemy would attempt lo l;iiid, and my t'orce (;.'.)0 et-
t'ectives) being loo suiati to l>ear diviMion, 1 ordered the
tents in slore to l>e |>itctied on the village ttide, while I oc-
cupied the other with iu> wliolc t'orce. It in ^irob.ible that
this arlkiice had its elfect, and delerniined the etienu lo at-
tack where, from appearaiiccs, lliuy exiK-eted the least op-
position. About 1 o'elock the ilect approached. FitVeeii
boats, l'«'"ge and crowdetl with troops, al a givt;ii sigjia),
moved slowly to the shore. These were prc^eedi'd by gnii-
boals sent to rake the woods and cover the landing, while
the larger vessels opened a lire iipun I he tort. dpt.
Boyle and Lieut. Legate, (so s«)on as the debarking boats
got within range of our shot) opened upon Ihem a very
successful fire fix)m the shore battery, and compelled iheiii
twice lo retire. They at length returned to lln ships audi
the whole stood olf from lite shore tor belter anchorage.
One of the enemy's boats which had been deserted, was
taken up by us, and some others by the militia. The first
nieiilioned was sixty feet long, earned ihirty-six onrs and
three sails, and could accommodate UjO men. Hhe had
received a ball through her bow, and was nciirly filled
with v.ater.

At day break o» the 6th tlie Heet apfieared bearing up
tinder easy sail. Tiiey took a position directly against
the fort and batteries, and for three hours kept uj) a heavy
' ii re of grape, 6ic, Fiiidiug thai the enemy had efi'ected a
landings I withdrew my small dis|>oHuble force into the
rear of the foil, and wnlh two companies met their ^idvanc-
ing columns, white the other cotnpanies engaged tiie Banks
of the enemy. Lieut. Pierce of the navy and some sea-
men, joined in the attack and fought with their chiiractei-
islic bravery. We maintained our ground alK>|ut thirly
minutes, and as long as consisted with iny further duty of
defending the public stores deposited at the falls, which no
doubt formed the principal object of the expedition on tlie
part of the enemy. Nor was thiii udovetuent made pr^cifiii*

t,i^

rir?)'^^S*S^,K»

2iSib

HISTOllir OV THE WAk.

''ih

!1^

•'.

Ultc>?y. I haJietl within 400 yards of Ihe fort. Capt. Hu.
l»ftyiie*iicom any formed the rear gfiiard, and, lemaunntr
with it, I mtuched to this |>lace in good order, deHtro\ih|f
the hridc^es in iny rear. The enemy landed wx hwmlrtd
of De Watlevill(f'H rej^iment, six hundred wiarim^H, ivm
conipanies of the Glengury corps, aixl Uivee hundred and
Hfly seamen.

Gen. Drnr»imond and Com. Yeo were ihe hind in\':\ na-
Tal Gonmianders. They hurned \\ifi <»U! bfirrucks > ij
evacuated ihffortabuiil 3 o'clock in llseninrniagoOiu ;ih.
• Our loss in killed iN;stx; in vvinnuhdas — and in mis.
sin|v, 25. The « nemy 1< st 70 kilicd, and !(>.* wountlcd,
drowned, and prisoners. •■ ^. •-•. . ♦ . . v,.

.i,i>

•la

-lit!

, f t.'

'- Gen. Brown to the ScrrdfWt/ of Wm\

H. Q, Cii.ppewa, .I»i*y 7, 1814.

{Extract^^ SIR — Oti the 2d njsr. I issned orders for
crossing the Niagara, and made a iTangoments deemed ne-
cesr H?y \m securni*^ the Q^nrrison of fort Erie — the 3d, that
post surreudered, at 5 P. M. Onr loss in this affair, was
4 wounded. — lJi7 prisoners, including 1 Major, 1 Capt. 3
Lieuts. and 1 ensi<2^n, with tiie nmvnun>tioii and cannon be-
loiiging to the post were sunendend to us.

On the morniitg' of the 4th, Brig. Gen. 8coU, was order-
ed to ad ranee towards Chip]>ewii, nnd be governed by
circumstances ; taknig cure to secure a good military po«
6itiOn for the night ; after some skirmisHii^g', he selected
this plain with the eye of a soidier, his right resting on the
river, and a ravine being in front. At 11 at niglU I joined
him, with the reserve under Brig. Gen. Kiptey, with onr
lield and battering train, and corps of artillery. The next
morning Gen. Porter arrived with a part o4'the Pentisylva-
nia and N. York volunteers, and some IndiduN. Early ii\
the morning of the 6th, the enemy commenced a petty war
upon our pickets, and, as he was indulged, bis presumption
increased,

At 4 P. M. agreeably to my orders. Gen. Porter advanc-
ed from tht rear of our camp, taking the woods in order to
keep out of view of the enemy, in hopes of surrounding
th^ifscouking parties. In half an hour Porter's commatul
Ivietthe light parties and drove them to camp ; and near
€H)ip{>eWa, met thttir w4iole <3olumn in order of bttttic {

JiisTuirr OFfrns was.

2dL

tiiimeilittU'iv ortloretl Gen. Scott lO' ailvanco with his bri-
gradc, and Towsuii's nrkil)ery, wfarinieL llitiuMpoii Uwki^li
pliiiii in tVoiitut'our caiu|>. lie nUvniu'Cil in llieuuMt oiii->
cerlike %iyU\ nntiiii nfcw niinutci ixas in olotie »cliiN)» nilii
i\ snpcM'iur forct; of Brilisli retifitiarsi. Gen. Portcr*s com*
itianii Ir.ul ^iven way,> aiiU fleil in every dirtcliun, iviiicU
CiiUsoil Scott's left tliink to be^ i^rcHllv exposed. Cupt.
Hiirns, with iiis dragoons, was clirettiii to stofn the the; i'u->
^iliv<}t>, behind tlte ravine fruntin^^ ouroauip; Gen. Ripley
wa» directed to |>aHs to the left and skirl the \vuodi(» so a^
to keep cut of view, an?' fall upon the real* of ihe enemyn
right flank. This order was promptly obuycd, and tho
(ri*eate.<tt esertioius made to close U'ilh the enemy, bat in
vairi ; for such wan the zeal and activity of the line com-
manded by Gen. Scott, that it was not to be checked.
Maj. Jessup. commanding the left Hunk, finding himself
pressed iu front and flank, and hismeii falling fast around
hiai, ordered hisbattallion to ^ support arm&y and advance ;*
the order was promptly obeyed, amidst a most deadly and
destructive tire. He grained a more stymie position, ami
returned ^pon the enemy so gallin:ga lUschargc, ascaosed
them tt> retire. By this time tiieir whole line was falling
hack, and our g;aUant soldiers presMng upon thcra, when
they broke their lines, and ran to rcscam their works. - In
this effort he was too successful, when the guns opeued
immediately upou our line, and checked, in some de^ree^
the |Hirsuit. At ihismomeut, I determined to bring up ray
ordnance, and force the place by a direct attack ; Major
Wood, of the engineers, and Capt. Austin, my aid, rode to
the right of their hhc of works and examined them ; I was
induced by tlieir re[,)ort, to order the forces to retire to
camp, till a future time.
Respectfully and Uuly yours. JACOB BROVViS.o!

AMERICAN LOSS. Ui j <•

Killed 60 — wounded 244 — missing 19. vlj uu o3
' BRITISH LOSS. ■■. .',L

, Killed 109 — wounded 9120 — prisoners 24o

■'T

'1 i;l

BLAKELEYS VICTORY.

Capl. Blakeleu to the Secretary of llie Navy.

U. S. S. Wasp, L'Orient, July 8, 1^14.
SIR — On Tuesday the 28ih ult. being then in latitude
48, 36 N. and lon^. U, lo W. we fell iu with, engaged

'(%■ v-

262

HISTORTOr TB£ WAR.

I I '

' rl

.III i|i;|;i;

i i

N 1]

I Mi

.. n

; rit

i. :i

,'S <!;

} .-i

! ■:

and after nn action of 1^ minutes cnptared hin Brilnniiiv
inaie»ty*M sloop of war Reindeer, William Maniieru. Enq.
commander.

At half paHt 12, P. M. the enemy shewed n blue ami
white flag^^ diagonally at the fore, and iired a gini. At 1,
16, called all hands to quarters, and prepared for action ;
1, 22, believing we could weather the enemy, tncked sliip
and stood ibr him; 1, 50, the enemy tacked ship ami
stood from us; 1,50, hoisted our colora and tired a gtni
to windward ; at 2, 20, iho enemy still Ntandiiig from us,
set the royals ; at 2, 26, set the flyini^ s^ib ; nt 2, 2i), set the
upper staysails ; at 2, 32, the enemy liuvin|jr tacked for us
took in the staysails; at 2, 47, turled the royals ; at 2, 61,
seeing' that the enemy would be able to weather us, tacked
ship ; at 3, 3, the enemy hoisted his flying gil) — brailed
up our mizen ; at 3, 16, the enemy on our weather quar-
ter, distant about 60 yards, tired his shi /'ling gun, a 12 pound
carronade at us, loaded with round and grape shot from his
top-gallaiit forecastle; at 3, 17, fired the same gun a se-
cond time ; at 3, 19, fired it a third time ; at 3, 21, fired it
a fourth time ; at 3, 24,. a fifth shot, all from the same gun.
Finding the enemy did not get sjfKciently on. the beam to
enable us to bring our guns to bear, put the helm a-lee,
and at 26 minutes after 3, commenced the action with the
after carronade on the starboard side, and fired in succes-
sion ; at 3, 34, hauled up the mainsail ; ai 3, 40, the enemy
having his lai board bow in contact with our larboard quar-
ter, endeavored to board us, brt was repulsed in every at-
tempt ; at 3, 44, orders were'given to l>.>ard in turn, wh'ch
were promptly executed, when all resistance immediately
ce<ised, and at 3, 46, the enemy hauled down his flag.

The Reindeer mounted sixteen 24 lb. carronades, two
long 6 or 9 pounders, und a shifting 12 lb. carronade, with
a complement on board of 118 men. Her crew was said
to be the pride of Plymouth.

The Reindeer was literally cut to pieces in a line with
her ports ; her iipperworks, boats, and spare spars, were
one complete wreck. A breeze springing up the next
afternoon, her foremast went by the board.

Having received all the prisoners on boari?, which from
f he number of wounded occupied much time, together with

J5i^ 5i

' i

Q f/ .77 c [

ol lv:n ,K OS M

HISTORY OF TUB W<m.

2i»

(h'^'irbsi^g^ut^e, the Reiiideer wait on the evening ofthe 29lh
tel on fire, unci in u few huum blew up.

I have the honor to be, >cc.

J. BLAKELEY.

;, AMERICAN LOSS. /

Killed 5 — wounded :21.

BRITISH ti>SS.

..; »>.i.j>>M Killed 23 — wounded 42.

Gen. Brown to the Secretary of IVar. ^

' ' ' Buff uio, A ugf . 1 7, 1 8 1 4. '

\V!>xiracl.'\ SIR — Yow are aUeiidy apprised that the
,uiuy had on the 2«>lh utt. taken a poMitioii at Chiitpewa.
Al)out noon of that day, Col. Swill, who was posted at
Ltwistown, a<l vised me by express, that ll»e eiicniy appear-
ed in considerable force in Queenston, and on iLs iieiy;ht8;
tiuit four of the ejiemy's fleet had arrived duri g the pre-
ceding nig^ht, and were then laying near fort Niaguia, and
that a number of boats were in view, moviii'^ up (he strait.
Within a few minutes after this intelligence had been re-
reived, I was further informed by C.ipt .Denmon, of the
(jimrter master's department, that the enemy were landing
ut Lewistowii, and that our baggage and stores at Schios-
ser. and on their way thither, were in danger of immedi-
ate capture. Gen. Scott, with the 1st brigade, Towsoa*s
artillery, and all the dragoons and mounted men, were
accordingly put in march on the road leading to Q,ueens-
Idii, with orders to report if liiC enemy appeared, and to
fall for assistance it that was iicctssary. On the Generars
aniviil attiie Fallshe learned that the enemy was in force
(iiit'ctly in his front — a narrow piece of woods alone inter-
cepting his view of them. Waiting only to give this infor-
iiiiition he advanced upon them. By the time Assistant
Adj. Gen. Jones had delivered his message, the action be-
gan ; and before the remaining part of the division had
tiossed the Chippewa, it hud become cK»se and general be-
tween the advance corps. Though geu. Riply with the
■id brigade. Major ilindman with the corps ot artillery, and
Gen. Porter as the head of his command, had respectively
pressed forward with ardor, it was not less than an hour
before they were brought to sustain Gen. Scott, during
Miiit-h lime his command most skilfully and gallantly

! )

i ■;

l:|

*.*

■'v?^-

-11

264

lll>1'Q^«f ^F THE WAll.

! I

' mm

tnftmtattied lhi» conflict. l'|>bii my um\ al I fouud ihiit \\\c
General huil |iiissi?<l the \v<)od and criL»'!»i;tMl Iho e-U in\ ni
QuecMMtuii loud, and on tli^ «t°ro(n>d to tht^ Ult ut' it, \mi||
l!ie 6fch, I Ith, ahil J^a rc-is. and Towsoii's arldliry. Tl.i
^•Olh hid been tin own to the i'i;»hl k« lie |^i>vt'»iud h\ cir-
cuinsUnco. Ai>|)rth«Midin}< Ihii* Ihew 'corps wtre inncii
exhausted, and kiu)vviu;>' thai the^ had sntVered sevtrtiy, I
determined to inlt»|»<>se u new line \\M\\ llie ail aiitisi'^
iroo|;s, and thus dis. iiMa«»e <^en. Scolt and ht)ld his lin^iul,
in reserve. OrdtTs weie aceordinu^ly given to }>en. K p-
ley. The tnenn 's arlilkiv ut this nionienl oeeunied a hill
which gave liun j^ieal advantages, and was the key ot' lli»'
Mrhole position. It was !4U))))urle(l by a line ut' infantry.
To Meciit'e llu' victory, it wa^ moessarv to carry this arid-
lery and .sei/.e t!ie Ini^lrt. This duly was assijrneuto Col.
•Miller, whiio, to favor its execiilion, the 1st re^^inieiit, un-
der tlt€ cointnftnd of Col. Nicholas, was directed to me
nace and aniivst; the infantry. To my i^renl mortificalioii
ihisrcuitnent, after a discharge or two, jjfive wnV and ic-
treated some distance l)efore it could be rallied, thoufili ii
is believed the officers of the regiment exerted themselves
to shorten this distance. In the mean time, Col. Milltr.
without reg'ardhii? this occurrence, advanced steadily and
g^allantly to his object, and carried the height Und the can-
non. Cien. lliplcy brought u|) the 23d (which had also
faultered) to his supjjnrt, and the enemy disappeared from
before l\wm. The 1st i^egiment was now brought into lim
'on the left ot the x?lsl, and the detachments of the 17lh and
19lh, Gen. rorlC' »tccupying, with his command the exlrnne
lel\. AbontlhettnioCol. Ali Her carried the enemy's cannon.
the 25th regiment, under Maj. Jessap, was engaged in ;i
more obstinate cordiict with all that remained to dispute wilii
us the field of buttle. TheMaj. as has been already stated,
had been ordered by Gen. Scott,at the commencement olllu
action, to take ground to his right. He had succeeded !■
turning the eneniy's left flank — had captured (by a dit-itli
ment under Capt. Kelchum^ Gen. Rial) and sinidry ollr
. officers, and shewed himself again to his own army, in >
blaze of filv, which defi aled or destroyed a very sirpi ih ;
force of the enemy. He wtis ordered to form on the ri^i
of the 2d rcgiiucnt. The enemy rally ing his forces, ;imi;:>
is beli('\td, having received reinforcements, now atlen^iili '

niSTOEY OF TUE WAR.

265

to drive uh from our positions, and rei(uin hi* arlilUrv.— -
Our line was unMhtikHii, aic) Uie enemy repiilMfid. Two
other allempts having th« h.\\nc object, nad the same iit.MM>.
(ieii. Scoli was a^aiii ciij^a^ed in repelliii(( the (brnier of
these } and the lanl I siiw oi' him on the iieUl ol battle, he
waH near theliead uf Uxh culumii, and ;;ivui^ in iIh march a
direction that would have placed him on liie enemy *m ri^ht.
Il Mas with great pleasure 1 saw Uie guod order aod nilre-
pidity of Gen. Purler's volunteers from the niomeitl uf their
arrival, but during the last charge 4>f the enemy, those (pia-
lilies were conspicuous. Stimulated by the examples set
by their gallant leader, by Maj. Wood, of the Pennsylvania
corps, by Col. Dobbin, of New- York, and by their oHicers
generally, they precipitated themselves Ujion the enemy's
line, and made all the prisoners which were taken at thia
point of the action.

Having been for some time wounded, and been a good
deal exhausted by loss of blood, it becaoie my wish to de-
volve the command on Gen. Scott, and retire from the field ;
but on enquiry, I had the misrorlune to learn, that he was
disabled by wounds ; I therefore kept my post, and had
the satisfaction to see the enemy's last effort repulsed. I
now consigned the command to Gen. Ripley.

I saw and felt the victory was complete. Tiie exhaus-
tion of our men was such as made some refreshment neces-
sary. They particularly required water; I therefore or-
dered Gen. Kipley to return to camp, after bringing off the
dead, wounded, and artillery, which was effected in good
order. I have the honor to be, 3cc.

JACOB BROWN.

AMERICA14LOSS. . r«

Killed, 171— AVomided, 572— Missing, 110.

• [ BRITISH LO^S.

Killed, 184— Wounded, 559— Prisoners, 221.

I' 1

Gen. Gaines to the Hecrelary of War. -■ ,

Fort Erie, Aug. 23, 1814.
{Extract^ SIR — I have the honor to communicate the
particulars of the battle fought at this place, on the 15th
inst. I ha\e heretofore omitted staling to you, that during
the 13lh and 14lh, the enemy had kept up a brisk cannon-
ade upon this fort, which was briskly returned from our

.It

«^i

HlffrORT or THE WAM.

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raj

•

bnltericx, without any conHtdfTiible \onn un oinv juxrk. At
6, A. M. nt'tho 1/yth, one ot'tlieirMhelln !' • >ihJ :.i a ffmall
mng^a/ine in Foil Erie, whirh vinA foiiunntei y aimoiitemp<
i\. It blew up with tin exploNion more awful in itn up-
ptarance« than injurious in nn < ATertM, n» it ditl not cll^»Hllle
n man, or derancj^c a jj^nn. It occasioiifd but a momt'nt-
ar> CPSHfllioi) of tne thunders of the artdli ry on bulh sidet^;
it was followed by a loud and joyruu^ shout by the Untiivh
nnny, which was nnmediately answered on our part, and
Ciipt. Williams, amidst the smoke of the explosion, renew-
ed the contest with an animated ronr of his heavy eaiirori.
The ni^ht was dark and rainv, but ih^ fntldnl eenlinel
«lr[>t not. At half past 2 o*c'ock, the riy[ht coluiiiii ol the
enemy approached, and though eiive'oped in darknesH,*
black sLs his designs and principles, was distinctlv hf:ird on
our left, imd promptly marked by our mnskelry and can-
non. Being nmunled at the moment, i repaired to ihe.
point of attack, where the sheet of fire enabled me to sec
the eiiemy*s rolumn, abo«it loOO men, apuro-.tciiing on that
point ; Ins advance was nut checked until it hud approach-
ed within leu feet of our infantry. A line of loose brush
representiii^f an abcttis only intervened ; a column of the
enemy ntti mpted to pass round the aOeltis throu<^h the wa-
ter, where it was nearly breast deep. At this mnmeot the
eneitiy were repulsed, but instantly renewed the charge,
land were again repulsed. My attention was now called
to the right, where our batteries and lines w^re lighted by
Ti most brilliant fire of Ci^mton and musketry ; it announc-
ed the approach of the centre and left columns of the en-
emy, midfrf Cols. Drnmmond and Hcolt ; they were soon
repulsed. That of the centre, led by Col. Drummoiid was
not long kept in check ; it apprnacheil at once every as-
sai'able point of the fivrt, and with scaling* ladders, ascend-
ed the parapet, but was repulsed with dreadful carnage.—
The assault was twice repeated, and as often checked ; but
the enemy having moved round the d:lch, covered with
darkness, and the heavy cloud of smoke which rolled from
our cannon and musketry, repented the charge, and re-as-
cended the ladders, when their pikes, bayonets and spears,

* * / niih several ofviy rrffuers, aereral times, fiean' nrders given, to givi
the damned Yankee rascals no quarters.'

lUSTOAY OB* THK WAR.

ad7

ersgivetif togivi

Xell upon our gftllant urlilltinMls. Our biitlion \v»s iosi i
Lit^ut. M'L)ouuu)rb, bem^- severely wuuiiUcU (IcuiaiiUrd
quarter — it wuh retuMMl liv C«>i. Oniiniiioiui. ^]*l)()l)oll^fil
then H«i/ftla lundn, lice, uutl itul)U iicMeiiilud lnuiHell' ijolit
he wn»MtK)l (iuwii with a |>ihtol i>y the muMx/cr vtlui hau ru*
fused him quarter, who oiieii reileraled the order — t/ivv the
damned yankte rusca'v no t/uarier. Tiim hardened uiunicr-
er Houii met htn tale ; he waH^hut (hiuugh (he hreo^t while
repeatinjyr the order, to t/we no <juailer. t- < <«- ^ <'■ 'J

The buli'.e now rn^ed with inereuHed fury on the rig;ht,
but on tlie left the enemy wmm r«|iuliied and put to Hi«>ht.
Thence and from the centre I ordeieU leinloi cements. —
They were promptlv Hent bv Bri)(. Gen. Uipley and Br g-.
Gen. Porter. Capl. Fauning-, ot the rurpnof artil er>, kept
up a spirited and detitruciive tire with his field pieces on
the enemy while altemplinj^ to approach the tort. iMajor
Hindnian'si gallant eAbrtti, aided by Mitj. Trimble, having
failed to drive the enemy from the bastion with the remain-
ing artillerists tud infantry in the fort, Cupt. Birdsall of the
4th rifle regiment, with a detachment oi riHemen, gallant-
ly rushed in through the gateway to their assistance, and
with Sitme infantry charged the enemy ; but was repulsed
and the Captain severely wounded. A detachaient from
the lltb, 19th, and 2 2d infantry, under Capt. Foster of
the 11th, were introduced over the interior bastion, for the
purpose of charging the enemy. Major Hall, Assist. Ins.
Gen. very handsomely tendered his services to lead the
charsfe. The charge was gallantly made by Capt Foster
and Maj. Hall, but owing to the narrowness of the passage
up to the bastion admitting only 2 or 3 men abreast, it fail-
ed. It was often i*epeated, and as often checked. The
enemy's force iu the bastion was, however, much cut to
pieces and diminished by our artillery and small arms. At
this moment every operation was arrested by the explosion
of some cartrnlges deposited in the end of the stone build'-
ing adjoining the contested bastion. Tiie explosion vcus
tremendous — it was decisive : the bastion was restored. At
this moment Capt. Biddle was ordered to cause a field
piece to be posted so as to enfilade the exterior plain and
«alient glacis. Capt Fauning's battery likewise played

» 1 !'■

! 1

\ .

266

HISTORY OP THE WA1I.

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upon Ihem at Ihiii lime with t:»*cal effect. The entimy
were in a lew moinenU enlirel) clet'ealed, taken, or put lo
flight. . , . . — ,i

I have the honor to be, Sec.
• ^ ' EDMUND P. ( AINES.

.A\ >'\ < -. v.: .., .. AMEKICAN LOSS.

Killed 17— WouiKled 66— Missing 11— Total 84.

BRITISH LOSS. ' ' -' ' '"' ' ' '"- ' '

Killed 422— Wounded 3.>4— Prisoners i 86— Total 963.

.''.ii',

CHAPTER XII.

if v-l'l •!»>?/ /f..

CAPTURE OF WASHINGTON AND ALEX-
ANDRIA.

Copy of a letter from tlie mayor of Alexandria to the mayor

of GeoryetofVH.

Dfak SiK-T-Eiiclo8ed is a cop)f of the terms proposed
to thecoumioii council of Alexandria, by the couimaiiding
officer of the Nquadron now lying before the town, to which
they were compelled to submit.

"Very respeclfullv, &c. '

CHARLES SIMMS.
TERMS OF CAPITULATION, ^i.^i h
.. * His Majesly\ skip ISeu Horse f
\ Off" Alexandrioy 29/A Avy. 1814.

Gentlemen — In consequence of a deputation yester-
day received from the city of Alexandria, requestinj^ fa-
vorable terms for the safety of the city, the undermention-
ed are the only conditions in my power to offer.

The town of Alexandria, with the exception of public
works, shall not be destroyed, unless hostilities are com-
menced on the part of the Americans, nor shall the inhabi-
tants be molested in any manner whatever, or their dwel-
ling houses entered, if the following articles are complied
with :

Art. 1. All naval and ordnance stores, public er private
must be immediately delivered up.

2. Possession will be immediately taken of all the ship-
ping, and their furniture must be sent on board by the own-
ers without delay.

HISTORY OF TflE WAR.

960

3. The vessels thnt liave l>e*»n snuk nm!*t b« <leViv, red
u|> in the slate lhe\ ^»erf, on the HMli ot Aui;ns<, llie day
oi the squiul roil puKsins: Use Ktttle BuUuuik.

4. Merchandize ut every oescn(»lion lumt be insti iitly
delivered up, and to prevent uiiy ineiruliirily, thut niitfht
Im' committed in itM eiiitiarkation, the iiierchaniK have it at
their option to lo;id the vessels generally employed tor ttmt
mirpose, ^hen they shall be towed oti by us.

5. All merchandise that has been removed fr«>m A'ex-
undria, since the 19lh Inst, is to be incttided in the above
articles. '-^ ""' ''•"'•i'" {•*>".'"■! •'■■r'^iv.i'/} rvajufu i"n:iqi*fi

0. Refreshm»:nt8 of every description to be supplied the
ships, and paid for at the market price, by bills on the Bri-
tish government.

7. Officers wii, e appointed to see that nrticles No. 2, 3»

4aitd 5, are 8tri< y complied with, .and anv de*. lation or

iioii-compliance, on the part of the mhuhilanis ot Alexan-

dna, will render this treaty null ami void. '' " ^' » ' »«'"

I have the honor to be, &c. ''^ "'»»>

JOHN A GORDON, ' "^
. , s . i> . . ,: Captain of H. M. slup Sea ifnrse,
■' and senior officer of H. M, dhips ojf Alexandria.
To the common council ' '***

ofthe town of Alexandria. ■' ' .:.'<• i ..!;.- '

Gen. Winder to the Secretary of War.

Baltimore, August 27, 1814.

Sir — When th€ enemy arrived at the mouth of the Poto-
mac, of all the militia which I had been authorised to as-
semble, there were but about 1700 in the field, from liUo
1400 nnder Gen. Stansbiiry near thi;> place, and about 250
at Bladensburgh, under Lieut. Col. Ks-ntr.

After all the force that could be put at my disposal in
thatshort time, and making such dispositions as I deemed
best calculated to present the most respectable forre at
whatever point the enemy might strike, 1 v\as enabled by
the most active and harrassing movements of the troops to
interpose before the enemy at Bladensburgh about 5000
men, including 350 regulais and Commodore Barney's
command. Much the largest portion of this force arrived
oi the ground when the enemy were in sight, ai.d were
disposed of to support in the best manner the position which

■I

270

HISTORY or THE WAK.

Gen. Slao»bnry had taken. Tiiey had barely re»<hcil Uie
ground before the action commenced, which was abuut 1
o'clock P. M. of the 2 Uh inst. and continued about uu
hour.

Tiie :irtillery from B.dtimore supported by M-ij. Pink-
Bey's rifle battalion, and a part of dipt. DoiighU'^\s from
thi nav; yard, were in advance to command the pusii of
the brid^ ■ at Bladen8bur^:h, and played upon the enemy,
with very destructive etiect. But the ritle troops were oh.
lij^ed after some time to i*etire, .ind of course tlie artillery.
Superior numbers however rushed upon them and made
their retreat neteiiSitrv, not however without great loss on
the part of the enemy. • » - *•*<■= —^- ' ■ >■*

The rig^ht and centre of Slansbiiry's brigade consistingrof
Lieut. Col. Hagairsand ShulerN regiments, generally ^ave
way very soon afterwards, with the exception of about 40,
rallied b\ Col. K.igan, after having lost his horse, and tiie
■whole or a »arl oi Capt. Shower's company, both of whom
•Gen. Stansbury represents to have made, even thuki desert-
ed, a gallant stand. iL

T5*e reserve under Brig. Gen. Smith of the District of
Columbia, with the militia of the city and Georgetown,
with the regulars and some detachments oi Maryland mili-
tia, flanked on their right by Com. Barney, and his hrave
fellows, and Lieut. Col. Beal, still were on the right on the
hill, and mamtained the contest for some time with great
effect. ;. .. ,(,('-, 'ir.H

' It is not with me to report the conduct of Com. Barney,
and-his command, nor can Lspeak from observation, being
too remote, but the concurrent testimony of all who did ob-
serve tbem, does them the highest justice for their lirave
resistance and the destructive tffect they produced on the

enemy. K ■!?■• * ?.?;..,> i ;,' ,..•.•(;■< ».;';?;.■: ■: :''■

From the best intelligence, there remains but little doubt
that the enemy lost at least four hundred killed and wound-
ed, and of these a very unusual portion kitied.

Our loss cannot, 1 think, be estimated al oiorethan from
thirty to forty killed, and Hfty to sixty wouiMled> and one
hundred and twenty prisoners. - is

* ;• I am, with very ereat respect, &c.

WILLIAM H. WINDER

: 1

i\ ;,A :( 1 i> if

:» »

1 '"I

UU9TORT OF Tlf« WAR.

'271

rreat loss on

Com. Bametf t*> fhe Sfcreloty o/ihe Navy. ^ ^»
Faiin, at Elk ruige. Annr, '29,' i814. '
\Extract.^^ SlU — This is the first niumeiit I have ti»cl it
in iny power to innke u roporl ot lh#* |)r<»<'et'din}j"« of th©
force* aml^r my conimBud since I had the honor ofseei.ig
yon on Tuts(iay, the '2-3<l iust. at the camp at the 'Old
iFields.' On the afternoon of that day we were inUinneU
thid ihe enemy was advancing upon us. U«r army was
n«t into order of bailie and onr posil.ons Inken ; my forces
werv? on Uie right flanked l>y llie iwo batalionsof t»> 3(}th
and 38lh n'Sjimtnts, A iilllf Inlore suhsel Gen. Winder
came to me and recominended that the heavy arlillery
shouhl bo withdrawn, with the exceplion ofoiie 12 pouiulpr
to cover the reti-eat. We took np Ihe line of march in the
i;inrht, and entered Washiug-ton by ihe Easttni Branch
briHge. The Gen. requesud me to take command and
place my artillei-y to derend tiie passage of the bridge on
ihe Eastern Branch, as the enemy was approaching the
city in that direction. I immediately put. my guny in posi-
tion, leaving the marines and the rest otmy men at the bar*'
racks, to wait further orders. I was ir? this situation when
1 Irnd the honor to meet you, with the Presideiit, and heads
of Departments, when it was determined I snouiddraw off
my gnns and men, and proceed towards Bladensburgh,
which was immediately put into execuljon. Oti ourwaj I
was informed the enemy was within a mile of Bladensburjrh ;
we hurried on, though the day was very hot, and my men
much crippled from the severe marches *;> ; 'lad experienc-
ed the preceding da\s. I preceded the men, and when I
arrived at the line which separates the District from Ma-
ryland, the battle beii^aii. I sent an officer back to hasten
on my men — ihey came up in a iroi. We look our position
on the rising ground, put the pie^^s in battery, posted the
marines under Capt. Miller, and flotilla men, who were to
act as infantt*y under their own officers, on my right, to
support the pieces, and wailed the approach of the enemy.
During this period the engagement continued — the enemy
advancing, and our army retreating before ihem — appar-
ently in much disorder. At length tlie enemy made his
appearance on the main road in force and m front of my
battery, and on seeing us made a halt ; I reserved our fire ;
and in a few cniiiules the enemy again advanced, when I

in.

«dv , >"

1|:;|

272

MISTOAY OF TH£ WAM.

i I

ll'

ordered an IS pounder io (>e tired, which complelely cl^at
ed the mud ; nhorllv aJlir, a Mecoud and third attempi wa>
made hy theeiitrnv to come forwstrd, but all who madelhf
ulttinpl were desliuye*!. The enemy then crossed over u>.
to an open fiejd and Hlteiii|)U:d to flank our right. He was
there met h) Unee 12 pounders, the marnieK under Capluin
Miller, and inv uun acting as infantry, and a^ain uasio.
tally cut up. Bv Uiis lime not a vestige of the Amenciin
army remained, except a body o\' live or six hundred post-
ed on a heioflit on my ri^ht, from whom I expected much
support from their line situation. The entuiy from llns
period never appeared in front of us. He however pusiied
forward his sharp shooters, one of whom shot my hoist
from under me, which lell dead between two of my guns.
TliC enemy, who had been kejit in ciieck by our tire nearly
hair an hour, now f>ej>an to out Bank us on the righr. Our
guns were tur*ied that vva\— ue pushed up the hill about
two or three hundred men towards lln> corps of Americans
stationed as above described, who, to my great morlitica-
tion made no resistance, givinj; afire or two and retirii.g.
Ill this situation we hi'd ihe whoie army of the ei>emy to
contend with ; our ammunit; x^ was expended, and tinlor-
tunately the drivers of my a»"*>minntion waggons had gone
off in the general panic. Al this time I received a se\tre
wound in my thigh. Fiiid'ng the enemy now com[)lelely
in our rear and no means of delence, I gave orders to my of-
ficers and men to ret. re. The great loss of blood occasion- ^
cd such a weaknens that I was compelled to lie down. 1 ri-
quested my officers to leave me, winch Uiey obslmalely re-
fused, but upon bemg ordered, they obeyed : one only re-
mained. In a short time 1 observed a Brilish soldier atid
had him called, and directed him to seek an officer j in a
few minutes an otiicer c .me, who, on learning w ho I was,
b;ought Gen. Ross and Aiimiiai Cockburn to me. Thest
officers behaved to me with the most marked attention, res
peel, and politeness ; had a surgeon brongiit, and my
wound dressed innnediattly. Aflerafew minutes coii>er-
sation, ihe (jeoeriil i iformed Cafter paying me a handsome
coui.linK; i,)lliat I vsus paroled, and at liberty to procetil
to Waslunglo. or Biadeiisburgl., offering me every ass.Nt-
ant em Ins power, giving orders for a liUer to be brougli!
ill whicli I was carried to Biadensburgh, ....

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eliij

wllfc

the
aoe

thf;

f^prf

fllSTOUV or TIIR WAR.

Uli\

My Wuund is <lfep, hnl I rtallf r niVHclf not Han«><'rou.s ;
the ball in not >t texlracU'd.

JOSH IT A BAUNKY.

4'om. ISJacdonovtfh to tin- Srcrvlnnf of the \artf.
r. S. shi|> Saratoirn, ()rt'Pl.ilUlMirj=:, N-pl. 1 1, l'si4.
SIR. — The /Vliniiiiily Uwh l)feii pU.NtMl loifr.<nlUH si si<]f-
iial victory on l>ake C.isun|>lHni, ill tlx* rnpturc ot one frig-
ale, one briii^, aitdtwo siooj>s<»l war oi ih'* enemy.
1 have the huttur lu be, Vvtr.

T. MACDONOUGH.

Coin. 31ardonnvqh to the St'crctnri/ of the Xavy.
U. S. ship Sanitot^a, lU iiuhoroff)
PlaltNbnru, Sept. 1:3, IM14. J

SIR — Bv Lieut, cominan'iaot Cissiii, I hav«- the honor
to convey to von the Hal's (», hs Britannic majesty*!* late
sqnadron, rajituretl on the 1 l(h nisi, by the U. States*
si|u;ulron under my conimand, ((>•;) (her with tliepartieulars
ot the action which look plact- on the 1 1 th niMt. on this lake.

\l 8 A. M. the look-out boat announced the apjiroacli
of the enemy. Ai 9, he anchored in a line ahead, at
about three hundved yards distance from my line ; his ship
opjjosed to the :*arato<ra, his brl^: l<» the E lyfle, his g-allies,
thirteen in iiutiiber, to the Mchuoner, («loo|), and a division
of our Rallies ; one of his sloops assisl m^ their sh p and
brig, the other assisting their gallics. Our remaining gal-
lics witii the 8aiato««a and Eagle

In this situation the whole force on both sides became
engaged, the Saratoga snrt'eriiig much liom the heavy tire
of the Contiance. 1 could perceive at tlie same time, how-
ever, that our tire was very destructive t j her. The Ti-
coiukroga gallantly sustai.ied her full share of the action.
At half past 10 o'clock the Eagle, not bung able to bring'
her guns to bear, cut her cable and anchored in a more
elligible position, between my ship and the Ticoiideroga,
where she very much annoyed the enemy. Our guns on
the starboard side being nearly ail dismounted, or not man-
ageable, a stern anchor was let go, the bower cable cut, and
the ship winded with a fresh broadside on ihe enemy's ship,
which soon after surrendered. Onr broadside was then
sprutig to bear on the bng. whi<'li surrendered in about 1^
minutes after, -Vf

\\k

i-k> ^

274

illSTORY OP THE WAR.

!|.(

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The hIoo|> llint wkh opposed to lh« Ea^lo, had xtrnck
some time i»efore and fihl'ted down \\u' line; the sloon
whicli was with their ^allies having striirk also. Thr«e
of their p^id I it's are sad to be sMh>k, the oth«'r» pulled nlV.
Our i^rallit-s were about obcyinsr w^th alacrity the sijjna! lo
follow them, when all the vessels were reported tu nie to
be ma siiikinjB^ ststte : it then became necessary to annul
the sig-nal to the trallies, and order their men to the pumps.

I could only look at the enemy's gallies goin<r oti' in a
shiitlered conditio!i,for tliertt was- not a mast in either squud-
rui) that eould stsmd to make sad on.

The Saritotj-.* hul fifly-ftve round shot in her hull ; the
Confi;ince one hundred and five. The enemy's shot pas-
sed pnncipallv just over our heads, as there were not 20
whole hamm cks in the nettin^fs at the cMose of the action,
which lasted willfaut mternussion two hours and Iwenty
niinnles.

The Saralog-a was twice set on fire with hot shot fronv
the enemy's ship. i

I have the honoi* to be, 8cc. ' •' 5^'

,.iu > M. . T.MACDONOUGH.

. P. S. — ^Accompanying- this is a list ot killed and wound-
ed, a lisl oi' prisoners — and a precise statement of both forcef^
engaged.

AMElilCitN

FOKCE

AND

LOSS;

Ships.

guns.

men.

kdled.

wounded.

Saratot^a,

210

Fasrle,

120

Ticouderoga,

110

Piel.le,

lOGuu Boats,

3o0

820 52

SRITISH rORCE AND LOSS.

-J

Ships.

guns.

men.

killei

1. won

Coiitiance,

3i)

300

Liiiiiet,

120

:^>

Growler,

Eiii^-.e,

13Gun Boats,

550

sunk

1050 17 i 110

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

276

Note. — The foUowiutf vatuabie pntjHrltf mis taken on ftotird
the fie(4, to Wit : — 1 1,K\H) lbs. oj pon'th r exihisive of Ji.red
awmunUum — Hij,U(>0 lbs. of cvunnn b*tll — (MX)0 musfuls —
i^suitH oj sailors cUithmtfy and all the winter clothiuy of
the nUote of' their land army.

Gen. Macomb to the Sccreianf of War. ^

P.altslmlp^Sej.l. 12, 1811.

[Extract^ S2R — I Imvf, (heliunor lo inform yoii thai ihc
British army coumiandetl by sir Georsf^ Prevost, consist-
iiijr of tour briyfiuies, a corps of artillery; a sqiuulroii of
borse, and a strong jiirht corps, imioimtinir in all to 14,<K)0
men, after invest intj^ this )>lac*e on the north of the Saran:ic
river since the 6th inst. broke up their camp and ral^cd
tlie siei^e this morninij^at 2 o'clock, retreatiaj^ pi'ecipilaielv,
and leaving their sick and wounded behiiul. The !>treii<^th
ol this g-arrison is only 1500 men fit for duty ! !

The light troops ami mililia are in full pursuit of the
•iieiny* making prisoners in all direcUons. Upwards of
:}iK) deserters have already come m, and many arrive hour-
ly. Oar loss inthe fort istnfling indeed, havinor only one
otScer and 1 5 meu killed, and one oilicer and ^U men
wounded.

Vast quantities of provision were left liehind, and de-
stroyed ; also an immense quantity of bomb shells, cannon
ball, grape shot, ammunition, flints, (Sec. &c. intrenching
tools of all sorts, also tents and marquees. A great deal
bas been found concealed in the ponds and creeks, and bu-
rled in the ground, and a vast quantity carried oft* by the
inhabitants. Such was the precipitance of his retreat, that
he arrived at Chazy, a dislaiuie of eight miles be ore M'e
discovered that he had gone. '•

We have buried the British officers of the army and navy, '
with the honors of war, and shewn every attention and kind-
ness lo those who have fallen into our hands. The con-
duct of the officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers
ot'mv command, during this trying occasion cannot be re-
presented in loo high terms. I have the honor to be, Ace

ALEXANDER iMACOMB. .

AMERICAN I.t»SS. .?/

Killed 37 — wounded 02 — missing 20. <n}

UKl'l'ISll LOSS. ^

Killed 308 — wounded 494 — prisoners 252 — deserted 78Q.

lii

276

HISTORY OP T1I£ WAR.

f,
1%

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' Hi

2LBJ5

BurnUuf of Pctijutvife. — Bctweeu 10 and 11 o'do^'k, P.
M. oi' A|)ril 7ili, 181 1, Hi\ Ikilisli boats were ulisrovcrnl
coiiiiiitr iiitti Coiihcclicul river ; b> I'i, a large forrc ot IIkj
^iieiny had liiUeii |iOHsesKiuii of an old fori at Su}l»roi>k
^ >iiit, where, finding iiothin<j, llie fort haviiifv been decay.
« <i for several \rars, n -eiilered tlieir boats, and proeeednl
f'l' P t,i|iuii2r( Point, tMiiiles iiij^^Jier U|» the river, wlitrt;
tb< y irrived abont 1 oV ock. Tlie vessels in the harbor
ht\\\r on Hre. iirst ga>e notice that the enemy was near.
Tliere was not lime after the alarm, to fjel the women ami
clnldren off, b« fore the enemy had landed, an<l began
bnrniiig the ve>s is on the sloeks ; they inmiediutely rutii-
meneed searcbint; the houses and stores, for arms an«i aiii.
nimntion, taknigab liiey could find, and destroying furui.
ture to a considerable amount ; liquors of all kinds, wiieii
found, after satisfyiujuf themselves, were destroyed by stay-
ing^ the casks. Tiiere was no opposition to then' plunder,
altboug-h they remained on shore till 10 o'clock, when
they called ii their men, and proceeded down tlie river
About a mile, with a brig, a schooner, and '2 sloops, where
they anchored and lay till dark, v^ hen they set fire to their
prizes, and proceeded down to their vessels.

Attack on Stonim/ton. — The British fleet off New-Lon-
don having been reinforced on the 9th August, 1814, a
part of it, to wit, 01 e 74, two frigates, a sioop of war, and
a brig, appeared off Stoninglon, when sir 7 homas Hardy
sent a flagon shore for the infonnatioii of the women and
children, ih'dt if the town was not surrendered m 01.^ hour,
the whole should be laid in ashes. The inhabitants in-
formed sir Shomas, that Stowrii/ton was not Petipavt/e,
and { repared their cannon, 2 long eighteens's, and one G
pounder for defending themselves. The attack began at
9, at night, and contnued till 1 in the uiorning, with round
fihot, bombs, and rockets. The militia, 30 in number, re-
turned the tire with great vigor and effect. The attack
"was renewed next morning, and as warmly rese.ited — their
brig, which lay nearest shore, was almost cut to pieces,
and one barge, full of men, was sunk, when the enemy
withdrew. Our loss was 4 wounded, 2 houses lired, and 2
horses killed. On the 1 1th they again attacked the place,
betore which, the humane sir Thomas sent in anqther M-

vr 'v

V— -SUf^ '■

HISTORY OF TUU WAR.

.^7

III uii^ iiour,

inaiultor iU surrender, nccompai.ieil with a ihrrnt thnt if it
was not coinplii'd uith, he would lay thrtovtniit ashc**, orxa*
crificehiHwhoteJorcft cmmstoiif oj \'6 xh'ps oj wur. Oir
little hand of Heroes paid little attention to Iih threat, hut
wont steadily to work at their cannon, and muNUd the en-
emy so, that he was obliy^cd to ahandon the expedition." r)*^

♦♦f -T ".*« r'4i,> •'*!>■ — t't.f't

y A Gen. Smilh to the iSecretary of HV/r. *>

iiallmiore, Scpi ID, 1815.
[^Extract.'] SIR — I have the honor of s\\\\\ ^ \\\,\\. the
enem> landed heiween 7 andH(KX) tneno<i tin- liili iiisl. at
^\)rth Point, 14 miles distant Irom ih.s cMty. Auiicipa-
ting this deharkation. Gen. Striker had Inen d(:tu<-hed on
Sunday evening with a portion of his iM-io-afio, to check
any attempt the eneui) mi^ht make in lhal<piui-ifr to land ;
the General took a |>ositioii on Monday, at the jiiiteuoii of
the two roads leading from this ^ilace lo the PiMst, liiiving
his right flanked on Bear Creek, and ins Icti i)y a iti irsh.
Here he waited tha approach of the •neniv, atttr wmg
sent on an advance corps. Between two aiut ltir<v •'clock
the enemy's whole force came up, und contu-n iced the
battle by some discharges of rockets, which wtt.; succeed*
ed by th« cannon from both sides, when the t on became
ji^enerai. Gen. Strieker gallantly maintni • ^^ his <; round
against this great superiority of numbers, i^ ■•'■■ iioiir atd 20
minutes, when his left gave way and he vv.i>;)blig\d to re-
tire to the ground in his rear. Ue there iu ine«i ins brig,
ade, but the enemy not thinking it advisab e to pnr.Mie, i e
fell back, according to previous arrangeinents, a.id formed
on the left of my entrenchments. 1 feel a pride in the be-
lief, that the stand made on Monday, in no small degree,
tended to check the temerity of a toe, danng to invade a
country like ours. Major General Ross the commander
in chief of the British forces, was killed in this action.
About the time Gen. Strieker joined my left, he w.s joined
by Gen. Winner, (who had been stationed on the west side
of the city,) with Gen. Douglass' brigade of Virgijiia mili-
tia, and the U. S. dragoons, who took post on the left of
Gen. Strieker. Meanwhile, Gens. Stansbiiry and For-
man, the seamen and marines under Com. Rodgers, the
Pennsylvania volunteers under Cols. Cobean and Findley,
tihe Baltiqiore artillery under Col. Harris, and the luarine

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1* i.Y

27»

HISTORY OF THE WAM,

l'l^

I I

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artillery un er Capt SlilcM, maimed the lr«iicucs and bal •
terieu — all prepared lo meet the enemy.
*i On TueH<luy the eiieiuy U|>|>eared in front ni my en .
trenchiniMils, at the distance} ui two mdes, on ilu- Plnlia.
delpina ruad, and allein|»te<l hy a circuitous rout, to marcii
agaiiiMt our lel'l, and enter the city; Ofmn^'s Winder :iud
8.ricker were orden d to adapt tlieir inuvi'iueiitN ho hh tu
defeat tlit'ir iuteutions, which completely succecd«'<l. TIiih
inuvemeiit induced the inieiuy to roiiccnlrat*; Iiin forccM hy
one or two o'clock, in my trout, pnthinir his advance to
within a niil« of our videttes, and sheuini; an intention of
At^ackin^ un that eveninsc. 1 drew Generals Winder and
tStricker nearer to the l«>it of my enlrenchnients, ami to (lie
right of the enemy, with the intention of faltiii||f on his re^tr,
should he attack me ; oi, if hedechned il. of attackicjr hini
in the moriiini^. To this movement, and m\ detenceN,
v^hich the eneiuy had the fairest opportunity of obKervi,,{r,
1 attrilHile hiw rt treat, wbicli v%a.s commenced at 1 o'clock
the next morning, in which tie was so favored, by the ex-
treme darkness at>d continued rain, that we did noi discov-
«r it until day light. A considerable detachment was sent
in pursuit, but the troops being ho worn down by fatigue,
that « iicy conld do nothing more than pick up a few strag-
<^lers ; ihey completed their embarkation the next day at
1 o'cl«)ck.

I have now the pleasure of calling \our attention to tlie
brave commander of fort McHenry, Major Armistead, and
to the operations in that cpiarter. .cm »!<• n-t ^4l ^ni . '<

Maj. Armistead had under Irs command one company
of U. S. artillery, two do. sea fencibles, three dc. of Balti-
more artillery, a detachment from Com. Barney's flotilla,
an<i about GOO militia, in all about 1000 men.

On the 12th, IGKhips, including 6 bomb ships, anchored
abmit two miles from the fort. The next morning at sun-
rise, Uie enemy commenced tiie attack, from his bomb ves-
sels, at the distance of two miles, which was out of our
reach. At 2 o'clock one of our guns was dismounted,
which occasioned cocLsideruble bustle in the fort, killing
one and wounding several, which induced the enemy to
draw his ships within a g. od striking distance, when the
Major opened a well directed tire upon them for haifiiu
hom', which caused them lo haul oii' to their old position^

rnSTO»Y OF THP. UMfc.

«7»

unchored
ig at sun-
»oaib ves-
ut of our
niouuteil,
I, killing
enemy to
when the
II' halt au

wl»ei» our brave little hanil pave llip«e rliccrs, aixl ugaia
craved rtniii^. Availing fht-niMheH of the darkness nl the
nit;hl, thi V hnjl punhed n c«»nMidiral)le force •b-ne the fort,
hikI turmed mi u half circle, \»hen they connneiiced firiitj
u<rain, \%liic'h was retnriied with ^pir t, for more than two
hours when the enemy were ajjain obltjjed to haul oftV

J)urin«j^ tb< iMMuhardnient, which lasted !>.!> honrn, on the
part of the enemy* from 15 to lHtK> shells were thrown by
them ; 4<M)of whirh fell inthefi>rt, lhreaUMiiii«jrde«trnction
to all within, but wonderful as ittnuy appear, only 4 of oar
men were killed, and *2i wounded.
I have the honor lo be, ^c.

s. smith:

I AMERICAN

Killed 2 I— wounded l»i

BRITISH LOSS.

Killed *97 — wounded 105— prisoners 130.

ig 47.

,-■»

Gen. Juckson lo the tSecretary of War.

Mobde, September 17, 1814.

[Extract.'] SIR — With lively emotions of satisfaction, I
communicate that success has crowned the gallant eflbrt»
olour brave soldiers, in resisting and repulsing a combin-
ed British naval and land force, which on the loth iiist. at-
tacked fort Bowyer, on the point of Mobile.

The ship whieh was destroyed, was the Hermes, of fron»
•21 to 28 guns. Captain the hon. William H. Percy, senior
officer in the Guli' of Mexico ; and the brig so considera-
bly damaged is the Sophie, 18 guns. The other ship was
the Carrou,o('from 24 to 28 guns ; the other brig's name
unknown.

Oil board the Carron 85^ men were killed and wounded ;
among whom was Gol. Nicoll, of the royal marines, who
lost an eye by a splinter. The land force consisted of
110 marines, and 200 Creek Indians, under the command
ot'Ca])t. Woodbine, of the marines, and about 20 artille-
rists, with one four and fthalf ineh howitzer, from which
tlii^y discharged shells and nine pound shot. They re-em-
barked the piece, and retreated by land towards Pensaco-
la, whence they came.

By the morning report of the 16th, there were present in
the fort, ftl for duty, officers and men, 158.

I have the honor, &r. ANDREW .T ACK«OIV

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(7I6)«72-4S03

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mSTTOEY OF.THK WAK.

1 . '

I, «

tij, ; , Gen. Brown to the SitrekaryofWar.
tiW"': . Fort Erie, 8c|>i.20, 1814.

^ [ExHact] fSIB--ln mv teller of the 18th iiist I brit-tfy
inronriHi >ou of th<^ fort luiale issue of the sortie which took
pl^ce the day preinecln ur.

The enFm\*M c mp I had ascertained to be sitiLited in a
fiield surrounded by Mood.«» nearly two miles diHlnnt from
their batterifs and eu renchtnents, the object of which was
to keep the parts ot the force which wan nolupoii duty, ort
of the range of our tire from fort £rie and Black Rock.
Their inf nitry wa* formed into three bri^^ades, estimated
at 12 or 15 hnntired men each. One of these brigades,
with a detail from the.r artillery, was stationed at their
works, (these beiu'if about ^(K) yards* distant iroin old fort
Erie, and the ri^^ht ot our line.) We had already siitTered
much from the iiie of two of their batteries, and were aware
that a third was about to open upon us. Under Uiese cir-
cumstances, f resolved to storm the batteries, destroy the
cannon, and roughly handle the brigade upou duty, l^efore
tho^e ifi reserve could be brought mto action.
f Oul^'c morning of the 17th, the mfantry and riflemen,
regulars and militia, were ordered to be paraded and put
in readiness to march precisely at 12 o'clock. Gen. Por-
ter with the volunteers, Cul. Gibson with the riflemen, and
Major Brooks with the 20d and 1st infantry, and a few-
dragoons acting as infantry, were ordered to move from
the extreme left of our position upon the enemy's right, by
a passage opened through the woods fur the occasion.
Gen. Miller was direcle 1 to st-ation his command in the
ravine which lies i«t-lAvten fort Erie and the enemy's bat-
teries, by passing' iiiern by detacimients through the skirts
of the wood — ^uid the 21sl infantry under Gen. iiipley was
posted as a corps of reserve between the new bustiuns ot
fort Erie ; all under cover, and out of the view of the enemy.

About 20 minutes befoie three, P, M, I found the left
columns, u idertiie cointnand of Gen. Porter, which were
destined to turn the enemy's right, witiiin a few rods of the
British entrenchments. They were ordered to advance
and commence ihe action. Passing down the raviue, I
judged Irotii the report of iniiNketry, that the action tiad
coiliine:*r('ii on uur iett; i now hitttened to Gftfl* Miller,
and directed him to seize tiie moment and pierCf ^e en-

.£.

HISTORT or THC WAR.

9,1HU.
t. 1 biierty
which took

liiated in a
iNiant tVom
which Mias
n tiuty« ork
lack Uock.
» egiininled
e brigades,
led at their
Bin old tort
Bwly suffered

were awnre
it Uiese cir-

destroy ihe
ckity, before

lid riflemen,
ded and put
, Gen. Por-
riflemen, and
, and a few
move from
ny's right, by
the occasion.
nwand m the

eiiemy'8 bat-
igh the skirls
II. Uipley was
(V bustioiiH ol
/of the enemy
toimd the left
r, which Nvert
ew rods of the
•ed to advance

the ravine, I

the AC^ipn ^'^'^^
o GwiMiUer,

pierCf Jlije en-

emy's entrenchmenlH lietwceii hallerit^ No. 2 and 3. My
orders were promptly aikd ahly executed. Within :)0
utiiiules idter the first trim u;im Hred, butterieii No. 2 and 8,
the fueiny*.** hue of eiitreiiciiineiils and his tuu block
hiiuses were hi our poK.sessi)»ii. hooti after bait ry No. 1
was :ibnidoued by llie Bnlrh. The gnns in each were
k|>iked by us or otherwise destroyed, uud the m.igaz iie
lit No. 3 w SIS blown up.

A few minutes liefure the explosion, I had ordered up
ihi' reserxe uiuier Gt'ii. Ripley. As lie pansed ine at the
head of his colomn, I desired him, as he wuuld be llie
senior in advance, to ascertain as near as possible, the situ-
ation of the troops in general, and to have a care that not
Qiore was hazarded than the occasion required ; that the
ubject of the sortie eflected, the troops would retire in good
Older, 8cc. Gen. Ripley passed rapidly on — soon afler, I
became alarmed for Gen. Miller, and sent an order for the
21st to hasten to his support towards battery No. 1. Col.
Upham received the order, and advanced to the aid of
Gei). Miller. Gen. Ripley had inclined to the letl, where
Major Brooks* command was engaged, with a view of
making some necessary enquiries of that officer, antt ia
the act of doing so was unfortunately wounded. By this
tiuio the object of the sortie was accomplished beyond my
most sanguine expectations. Gen. Miller had consequent*
ly ordered the troops on the right to fall back—- observing
this movement, I sent my stati' along the line to call in the
other corps. Wilhin a few minutes they retired from the
laviiie, and from thence to camp.

Thus 1000 regulars, and an equal portion of militia, in
one hour of close action, blasted the hopes of the enemy^
ilestroyed the fruits of oO days labor, and diminished hie
fti'ective force 1000 men at least. !

Lieut. Gen. Drummond broke up his camp duriMg the
night of the 21st, and retired to his «utrei*climents hehiiid
ilio Chippewa. A party of our men came up with the
rear of his army at Frenchman's ceek; the enemy do-
Nti'oyed part of tlietr stores by setting fire to the bnildinffs
from which they were employed in conveying them. We
t'ouiid ill and about their camp a considerable quantity of
''annVin ball, an t\ npw.nrds of iO ' stund of arms.

.,'jit;ji*ii«i. ■^-•^■'

^Hni^iJllPV4ir:r^fW ^^ 9f , **-,=--?; ■», *M

282

BISTOKY OF THE WAR.

I >

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I send you enclosed herein a return of our losx. The
return of prisoners enclosed due» not include the straggUirw
that came in after the action.

I have the lionor to be, &c.

JACOB BReWN.

AMERICAN UOHH,

Killed 79— wounded 214— missing 218.

BRITISH LOSS.

1. Killed 27 1 — wounded 311 — prisoners 386.

BLAKELEY's SECOND VICTORY.

Capl. Blakeky to the Secretary of the Aavy.

U. S. S, Wa8t>. at sea, Sept. 1 1, 1814.
[Eo'iract.^ SIR-^ — I have the honor of infonningr you of
the deslruclion of H. B. M. brig Avon, of 18 guns by thij*
ship on tl>e 1st inst. At U, 30 mitiules P. M. discovered
4 siiil; two on our starboard, aiuUwoon our larboard bow;
htiultd, up for one on our starboard bow, being farthest to
windward. At 7, the brig made signals, with i)ags, lan-
terns, rockets, and guns. At 9, 29, the chase being, under
our lee bow, commenced the action, by iinng a 12 \b. car-
ronade at him, which he returned, when we run under his
lee bow, to prevent his escaping. At 10, believing the
enemy to be silenced, ceased tiring, and hailed and asked
if he had surrendered. No answer being given, and he.
having recommenced firing, it was returned. At 10, 1:.^
the enemy having suffered greatly, and having made no re-
turn to our two last broadsides, 1 hailed the second time,
when he answered in the affirmative. The guns were
then ordered to be ; red, and the boat lowered to take
possession. In theac -..i lowering the boat, a second hvi^
iwaA discovered i;lose. under our stern, and standing for us.
Sent the crew tc» quarters, and prepared for another action,
Urid waited hps coming up. At 10, 3G, discovered two
more sails astern, standing for us. Our braces having been
cut aivay, we kept oil' the wind, until olbers could be rove,
with the exi)ectai ion of drawing the second brig from bis
n'onipaoions, but was disappointed : having contuuied ap-
pr0ac!uug us until within gun shot she suddenly hauled by
the wind, iired a broadside, which done considerable dam-
age, and soon retraced her steps to join her consorts. Our
prize, V hen we abandoned her, was firing guns of dilstress;

HISTORY OF Tins WAR.

S83

tbe two last sailM came to her as^iHlance, in time to Mve
her crew troiii Minkiiig; witli the v«**tsel, which went clown
soon uUerviards.
, ^ 1 l»HVc the honor to be, Sec.

J. BLAKELEY.

AMERICAN LOSS.

Killed 2 — VVoniided 1. i k'j W»^ '»»n

BniTlSH LOSS. lAMlrr{

Killed 12~Wounded 33. i v^

*^ t, / 1 1 ,»-*i»

,uH\'^ :'»i

iiuin:>i

Gen. M* Arthur to the Secretanf of War.

H. a. DetroiuNov. 18, 1814.

[Extract^ SIR — I have the honor to re|M)rl to^outhp
safe return ot' tiie mounted troops to thiit place.

It was deemed expedient, from the ardour of the Ken-
tucky and Ohio volunteers and militia, that they should be
nctively employed in the enemy's territory, with a view to
ilestroy their resources, and paralize any attempt they might
make on this post durin<r the winter. Accordm^ly 630
troops, and 70 Indians, were put in motion to destroy the '
valuable mills at the head of Lake Ontario, and Grand
River. We proceeded over tlie river St. Clair, down to
the Scotch settlement, up Bear Greek, about 30 miles, and
across to the Moravian towns, where we arrived the 30lb
ult.

We were fortunate at this place in taking a British offi-
cer who was proceeding to Burlington with the informa-
tion of our approach, which enabled us to reach Delaware
town undiscovered. The rangers were detached across
the Thames, to pass in rear of the town, to guard the differ-
ent roads, whilst the troops were swimmnig their horses
across. We were thus enabled to reach Oxford, 150 mdfS
from Detroit, before they heard of our approach. A few
hours before our arrival at Buford, the enemy retreated to
Malcolm's mdls, on the road to Burlington, where they
were reinforced, to the number of §00 militia, and about
100 Indians. A deep creek of diflficult passage, except i«t
a bridge immediately in front of their works, which had
been partly destroyed, lay between us. Arrangements
were made for a joint attack on their front and rear. The
Ohio troops were thrown across, under cover of a thick
wood, and the Kentucky troops were ordered to attack \\\

I
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384

HISTORY OF THE WAR,

til

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i t

fronl. The enemv were entirely defctiteil nnd di<(porKc'(|,
wiih Ihe losM of 1 (!)apt. and 17 privatew killed, and 3 Capu.
5 subalterns, and lO'J privates, taken prisdners. Our i<iN»
^^^^s only one killed, and six wounded. The next <lav \vu
proceeded on and took several prisoners, '2W stands of
arms, and destroyed five valuable mills, when we cuni*
niei ced our return, march for lliis place, which we reach<id
yesterday.

1 have the honor to be, &r.

D. M*ARTHUR,

XlP.ii'Hl M^i^f^ BBKwsa-

:'':;■;£"' -T/CH AFTER XIII.

o(i !>lrfutiji . Y^k'^f^cksm to Gov. Early,

,sf .,, jiv V. .;*.*^ ..,...;j. H. Q,. Teiisaw, Nov. 14lh, 1814.

[Ejffrocl,] Slli — Liist evening 1 relurued from Pensa-
ColatolhiM place-—! reached tl^at post on the eieningf uf
thetiih On my approach, I sent JVlaj. Pteire vtith afliig
to cotupituiicate the(»)>jeclof my visit to (lie Gov, of Peiisa-
cola, tie appr^nu'hed iort ^i. (i^-orge, with his Hug dis-
played, ai.d was tin d on byi tiie cunuon from the fort — he
returned and uiadt- repoii Jher^pf |o me. 1. immedialely
went with the Adj. Gen. and the Maj. with a small escort,
and viewed the fv;ri anu found it defended b) British and
8paitish troops. 1 tuiuiediateiy iietei mined tp storm the
town. ,

Oil the mornins: of the 7 th, I marched with the eflectivc
regulars of (he Sd, 39th, and 44lh infantry, part ol Gen.
G>ff'ee':N. brigade, ll>e Mississippi dragoons, and partol the
'VV^est TeiiiiesHee regiuieiit, lUml pari of ihe Choctaws led
by Mi<j i'>lue,of the ;)9th, and Maj. Keiineiiy of the Ms-
f)issi|ipi territory. Being eit^'PUM-^d on the west of the
town I caicniiited they wuuhl expect the assuuit from Ihiit
quarter, aid be prepared to rake iTie from the tort, and the
British armed vessels, seven in number, that ay m thebiiy.
To cherish ih s idea I sent out part of the mounted men to
sf.ow themst heson the we.it, whilst 1 piisstd in rear of the
fort undiscovered to the east oi the town. When 1 appear>
ed within a m ie, I was in full view. My prule was iieV'
friuure iheighleueU iluui yiewui^ ihe iMtifaim tirmness o(

niilTORY OF Tire WAR.

i9&

my troops, nnd wild what iindnui led co«rafif«» <h^y ndvBiic-
ed, with n Mtroiig tort rtud} to asHuil them uti (he rigfht, 7'
British arm«='(t veHtteK on the lett, uitd stroii«2^ blorkhoiiMe*
itiKl hnlteheHof ciumoii in iheir front, hut they Milladvunc-*
eik with unxhnkentirmneMs, entered the loun, when u batte-
ry ot (wocaiino'i wnn opened upon the centre coUinui com-
posed of the resjrulurs, with hail nnd gni; e, and a shower
ot iiuHketry from the hoii«i h and gardens. The battery
was inimedinteiy ittormed h\ Capt. Levall and company,
and carrie<l, and the niUMketry was suon sileneed by the
gteady and well directed tire of the rei^nhirs.

The Gov. metCth. WilhamNoit a d Smith, who led the
dismounted volunleerM, with a fla«r, begged toi mercy, and
surrendered the town and fort unconditionally ; mercy was
granted and protection given to the citr/ens and their prop-
erty.

bn the morning of the 8th. I prepared to march and
storm the Barancas, but, before i could move, tremendous
explosions totd me that the B'irancas, with all its appen^
dages, was blown up. I dispatched a detachment of two
hundred men to explore it, who returned in the night with
the information that it was blown up, all the coinbu*»libleJ
parts burnt, the cannon spiked and dismounted except two:
this being the case, I determined to withdraw my troops,
but before I did I had the pleasure to see the British de-
purl.

The steady firmness of my troops has drawn a just riss-*
pect from our enemies — It has convinced the Red Sticks
that they have no strong hold or prote'tiun, only in iht*
friendship of the LTtiited Slates. The good order
and conduct of my troops whilst inPensarola, hascon-^
vinced the Spaniards ot our friendship, and prowess, and
has di'awn from the citizens an expression that our Choc->
taws are nioiecivili/ed than the British.
1 have the honor to be, Ike,

ANDREW JACKSON.

Gen. Jackson to the Secretary of War.

H. Q. New-Orleans, Dec. -27, 1814. '

\Extact.] SIR — I have ttie honor to inform yonof thr

result ol the acium on the 23(i. The loss of our gun boats

near the pass of tJie Rijulets, have given the enemy com-

i f

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986

HISTORY OF THE WAR.

maiitl of like Bor^no, lie wnH eiKibled to rlioone lils point
of attack. It lifcumc liiernture tin object of importance lo
•bHtruct the numerouH Uiyoiis and csinah lt?a<liii^ fi-oni tiiat
lake, lo the hit^iihindH on tho iMisNi.s.sippi. 'iUin ini|M>rlaiit
■ervirc wascoiuiiiilted lo MiijorGen. Vjllere, romniamtiii<r
tbeoifitrict hetMeen the river and the i;ik«^N, and who, heiii«r
• native of the coiintr}', wh-h preRiinied lo be best acqiuti tied
vitii all those passes. DntorLnimtely, however, a picqiiet
^hich the Gen. liad astabhMlied at the mouth of the bavou
Bienveiiu, and which notwithslandiniif my orders had been
left nnobslructed, wai^ completely surprise^i, and the enemy

{)enetrated ihrouj^h a canal ieadmg^ to \m farm, about two
eagncs below the city, and succeeded in cutting off a coi^i.
pany of militia stationed there. — ^I'hin inteDigeiiCe Wiig
communicated to me about ]*2 o'clock on the 22d. My
force at this time did not exceed in all 1500. 1 arri\ed
near the enemy's encampment about seven, and imme-
diately made my dispositions for the attack. His forces
inmounting' at that time on land tp aliout^OOQ, extended
half a mile on the river, and in the rear nearly to. the vs^ood.
Gen. Coffee was ordered to turn their rtglit, whde with tlie
residue of the force I attacked his strongetit position on the
left near the river.

Com. Patterson having dropped down the river in tiie
schooner Caroline, was directed to open a tire upon their
camp, which he executed at about half after seven. This
being the signal of attack, Gen. Coffee a men with their
usual impetuosity, rushed ou the enemy's nght. and enter-
ed their oamp, while onr right advanced with equal ardor.
A thick fog arose about 8 o'clock occasioning some con-
fusion among the different corps. Fearing the conse-
quences, under this circumstance, of the prosecution of a
night attack with troops then acting together foe tiie lii'st
time, I contented myself with lying on thetieid thatnig-ht;
and at four in the morning assumed a stronger position
about two miles nearer the city.

In this affair the whole corps under my command de-
serve the greatest cre<lit. The best compliment 1 can j)ny
to Gen. Coffee and his brigade, is to say, they behaved ns
tbey have always done while under my command. The
two field pieces were well served by the officer command-
inc them. s , , .

HISTORY OF THE WAK.

287

tVe hnve inadu 1 iiiajur, 2 subulteriis •nul sixty-tiirce
privaleM |)iiNoii<*ra.

i have the bonor to be, See.

ANDREW JACKSON.

AMEKICAX LOSS.

Killed and Wounded ICK).

■.Mii ^ »r r <T BRITISH LOSS.

Killed and Wuuuded 3 14— Prisoners iHj.

Gen. Jackson to the Secretari/ of War.

H. Q,. New-Orleans Jiin. 13, 181'J.

[Ejt'tract.] SIR — At Huch a erittis i eoiioeive it my duty
to keep vou coiiHtHiilly advitted of my situalion.

Eurly on themonini<r of the 8lh, the enemy having been
actively employed the two |U'ereding^ days in making pre-
piirations tor a storm, advanced in two strongs columnti on
my riglil and left. Tliey were received however, with a
tiimnehs, w hich seems, they little expected, and which de*
feuted all their hopes. My men undisturbed by their a|>-
proach, which indeed they long^ anxiously wished for, op-
ened upon liiem a tire so deliberate and certain, as render-
ed their sealing' ladders and tascineh, as well as their more
(lu'ect iniplenioiits of wiirfare, perfectly useless. F(»r up-
wards of an hour it was contumed wilh a bri.>lvncss of which
(here have been but few instances, perlixps, in any country,
bi justice to the enemy it must be said.tiiey withstood it as
ton<r as coulil have been cxpei ted from the ntost determin-
ed bravery. At leuL^lb however when all prospect (jf suc-
cess became hopeles>, ihoy lied in confusion from the tield
— leaving; it covered wilh their t\eM\ and v >?uMled.

My loss was incuubiderable ; being oniy seven* killed
and six wounded.

Such a disproportion in loss, when we consider the num-
ber and the kind of troops engaged, must, I know, excite
astonishment, and may lit.'t, every where, be fully credited :
yet 1 am perfect! v salisiied that the account is not exag'<^e-
rated on the one part, nor underrated on the other.

Whether after the severe losses be has sustained, lie is
preparing to return to bis shipping, or to make stdi migh-

* Thismu in the action on Uvu line — aftrnmrds a skirinhhini; nrnkept
vpin which ajhc more of out- pu:n7ve re (itsl.^ ,, , .. »,

i'l

I ,

ill'

B 1 1

1''"

!l:

UbH

MIMTOHY 0¥ TUB WAR.

i'i

i "i

Ml'

tier efforts to attain hiM firat o(>ject, I do not pretrnrt to dc-
teriiiiiie. \l beconifM inc to act an ttioii<(li the latter Wits
hJM ititeiitiuii. One Ihinif. however, HeemM certain, that if
he Atilt calcuhites on c^ectniGf what he has hitherto heeii
unable toaccoinj>li<«h he niu.st c\|iect couNideraldc rein-
furcentents, as the force with which he huided, muHt un-
(lonbtediy be diminished at least 3(MK>. Bisides the Iuhs
tvhich he Nuntaitif d on the nififht of the 23d nitiino, which
is etitimalod at tOO, he cannot have Hiitrt red less bet wo u
that period and the morn in t; of the 8th inst. tlian 300 ;
having' within that lime, In^en repulsed ni two general ut-
teinps to drive us from our position, and there havni|r beeu
continual eannoiiadinir and skirmishing, dunn^ the whole
of it. Yet he is still able to show a very formid.>ble force.

The commanding General sir Edward Packenham was
Ikilled in the action of the Hlh, and Major Generals Keuu
and Gibbs were mortally wounded.

I have the honor to be, ilicc,

ANDREW JACKSON.

AMEKICAN LOSS.

Killed i>even — wounded six,

JilllTlSU LOSS.

Killed 700— wounded 1400— prisoners 562.

il-

Lieui. Shields to Com, Patterson.

^lew-Orleans, .Tan. 25th, 18?o.
[Eatract.] SIR — 1 have the honor of reporting^ the rt-
sultofthe expedition ordered by you on the 17th inst.
The lOlh, at night, I left the Pass Ciieuf Mcnlenr, having
made the necessary observations on the enemy before dark,
with 5 boats and your gitr, manned with oO men. At lu
P. M. captured a boat l>y surprise, maimed with 56 men.
The number of prisoners exceeding my men, 1 thought it
most prudent to land them, topi;event weakemng my force,
which was accordingly done, and the prisoners were put
into the charge of the army at the Pass. The 21st, at day
light, I again fell iulo the track of the fleet. Finding it,
impossible to make any captures, without being discovtr-
cd,i determined to run down umoiig tlicm, and slrikj^ at
every opportunity — hoisted Enirlisii colors, and lode a
transport boat witi^ 5 men ; or<lert <J ner to follow, atid
stood I'or a transport schooner, wtth iU men, which! board;

nisTomr or me waa.

390

c(l with H men, and look wiihoiil oppoNilion. From 0, to
1*2 o'clock* WH were III the iiiid<»l of ihcir boaU, nnil luc-
ri'fded in tukiii)( •'i more, wilh alioul 70 men. Tlw f nv-
fny'tHJoMN on this occanion wan 1 10 |>riiioncni, 7 boali and I
tranNporl Mrliooner.

I have llie honor to be^ V,c.

THO. SHIELDS.

liailinjf masUr Juhmtm in Com. I'attrrmm,

N'«fU'OrletthN, J.muur) 7, 1815.
[Ejr/r»cl.] SIH — 1 h.ivi> the pletiMure of nil'ormiii||r yoa
of my Kuccet-diiif^ in denlroyiii^ a lriinN|iort brig in lake
Borg-ne, yeMterdiiVf at 4 A M. On lite 6lh initt. I pro-
ceeded down lf» ih«; etiNl nionili of the PaMM, to atcfrtain the
enemy *a |K>Mition : finding at anchor there one brig, three
gnu boatM, three nchoonem, and Neveral bHrget, th«» bng
lying a mile diNtunt from the others, I returned, and deter*
mined to make an attein|>t to destroy lur. Mv crew ow
amounted to 38 men ; with ihiii force I Man « <»iiiident 1
sliould be able to deHtroy her, although I hid bet-n |irevi.
uuMJy informed nIio moMiited 4 pieceN of cannon, and
equipped accordingly. On the tfth At 4 A. M we boarded
the brig, her crew conniMtingof a Ciptain, a nadiiig ni/tNier,
and 8 marineN, maknig no refiistaiice. It being nearly
day-light, 1 ordered the prmonerii into my boat, and net
fire to the brig, which proved to be the Cyrui, loaded with
rum, i»read, and Ntddiem clothing.
I have the honor to be, Jicc.

WILLIAM JOHNSON.

ADDRESS, i

Directed hy Major General Jackson to be read at the head

of each of the corpt composing the line below Aeiv*

Orleans, January 21, 1815.

Citizens and fellow MoidierN ! The enemy hai* retreated,
wd your General hm now leinure to proclaim to the world
what he haH noticed with admiration and pride— your un-
daunted courajre, your oatnotiim and patience, nnder
hardMbipsund fatigiieH, — Natives of different States, acting
toj^ether for the fii'Nt time in thiM camp ; differing in habits
und in language, iiintead of viewing in th^He circumstan-
t'^s the \rerm of tlmtriHt and division, you have made then

•1

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ji'

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mSTORY OF THE WAB.

«H

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■■m

! 'Ei

;

1 1

the iource of an hunorable emuUlion, and from the seed*
ofditconi iUelf have reaped the fruiU of an honorable
union. Thi* day completea the fourth week iiince lillfHfu
hiuidred of yoii attacked treble your number of men, who
had boANled of their diHCipline, and tlieir nervicet, umlfr a
celebrated leader, in a lon^f and eventful war — attacked
them in their camp, the moment they had profaned the soil
of freedom with their hoNtile tread, and inflicted a blow
which was a prelude to the final reMult of their Attempt to
conquer, or ilieir poor contrivances to divide us. A few
kour» was suflicicnt to unite the gallant t»ind, tliough at the
moment they received the welcome order lo marth, tbey
were separated many lea{(ues, in diierent directions from
the city. The gay rapidity of the march, and the cheer-
ful countenances of the officers end men, would have in-
duced a belief that some festive entertainment, not the strife
of battle, was the scene to which they hastent^d with so
Hiuch-eag^erness and hilarity, lii the conflict that eui^ued,
the same spirii was Nupported, and my conimunicatioiiM to
the executive of the U. Htates have testifled the Neuse I en-
tertained of the nibrits of the cor|>s and oflk'ers that were
engat^ed. Resting on the field of batiks they retired in
perfect order on Uie next morning to these lines, destined
to become the scene of future victories, which they were
to sbiue \yilhthe rest of you, my brave companions in arms.
Scarcely were vour lines in a protection against musket
shot, when on the 'i3d a dispuHition was made to attack
them with all the pomp and parade of military tactics, as
impl'^Ved by thos$ Vfctfefans of the Spanish war.

Their batteries of heavy camion kept up an incessant
fire; their rockets illuminated the air; and under their
eov^r two strong columns threatened our flanks. The foe
indolently tliought that this spectacle was too imposing to
be resisted, and in the intoxication of his pride he already
saw our lines abandoned- without a contest — how were
tbi>se menacing appearaitces met?

By shouts of defiance, by a manly countenance, not to
l»e shaken by the roar of his cannon, or by tlie glare of his
fire-work rockets; by an artillery served with suneiior
skill, and witli deadly eflect.. Never, my brave friencis, can
your General forget the testimonials of attachment to our
glorious cause, of iadigoant hatred to our foe, of effection-

mSTORY or TUB WAR.

•J9l

ate confidrnre in your chief, that ifMoiinfled from every
fHuk, UH hu piiMHed uloug^yuur line. ThiN uniin itin^ ice le
duin|>t'(l the roiirnpfe of Ihc enemy ; he flrniiiteil hiN Mcaling
lAchter.H and laMCines unit tliu thtrutened altuek dwnidied
into n detnuistrattoHt winch served r^iiiv to ^e\v Hie ejipti-
ncsHof hix parade, and to inspire you with ajuslcontideuce
in \unr«ielveA.

The new year wnn UHlicrcd in with the mont tremendous
fifi' hiM whole artillery could produce — a few hours only,
iiowever, were ueeeHsary for the brave and skdful men who
(iirf ctcd our own to dismount his cannon, destroy his but-
teries, and eflfectually silence his fire. Hitherto, my brave
friends, in the contest on our lines, your coiira^j^e had been
passive only ; you stood with calmness, a Hro that would
iiave tried the tirmness of a veteran, and you anticipated a
nearer contest with an eag;erness which was soon to he
l^ratified.

On the 8th of January the final effort was made. At the
dawn of day the batteries o|>ened and the columns aUvanc-
f(l. Knowing^ that the volunteers from Tennesse and thf
militia from Kentucky were stationed on your left, it was
there they directed their chief attack.

Reasonin«j^ always from false principles, they expected
little opposition from men, whose officers even were not in
uniform, who were ignorant of the rules of dress, and who
liud never been caned into discipline — fatal mistake ! a tire
incessantly kept up, directed with calmness and unerring
aim, strewed the neld with the bravest ofBcers and men of
the column which slowly advanced, accordin^^'to the most
approved rules ot Guropcan tactics, and was cut down by
the untutored courage of American militia. Unable to
iiustain this galling and unceasing tire, soaie hundreds near-
estthe entrenchment called forquarier, which was granted
—the rest retreating, were rallied at some distance, but on-
ly to make ihem a surer mark for the grape and cannister
shot of our artillery, which, without exagg'eration, mowed
down whole ranks at every discharge : and at lengih they
precipitately retired from the tield.

Our right had only a short contest to sustain with a few
I rash men, who, fatally for themselves, forced their entrance
iiUo the untinished redoubt on the river. They werie
quickly dispossessed, and this glorious day terminated witj)

' *

HISTORY or THB WAB.

a loss In t^e enemv of their commnnder in cliit-f and u\u
IVlH|or(ieiieral kilted, tinother Major- fnera! woiuul.H,
tlie moNt experienced and hraveHt of their oflicern, and niori:
than three lhou>taud men kilU>d« wounded and iniHH:ii(|r,
vhile our ranks, my friends, were thinned only l>v the Ion>
of MX of our hrave companions kilUd, and seven disuMtuI
bv woundv— wonder al iiilerposiliou of Heaven! tinexiuii-
pled event nt the history of war !

Let us be grateful to the Go«l of battles who has dirert-
«d the arrows of ni<iigiiation aq^ainst our invaders, while
he covered with his protecting shield tiie brave defenders
of their country.

Alter this utisnccessful and disastrous attempt, their
spirits were broken, their force was destroyed, and their
whole attention was employed in providing the mea' s of
escape. Thts they have effected ; leaving their heavy ar-
tillery in our power, and many of their wounded to our
clemency. The c«ns« queiices ot' this short, but decisive
cam|>atgn, are incalculably important. The pride of uur
arrogant enemy humbled, his forces broken, his leu.lers
killed, bis insolent hopes of our d<suiiion frustrated — Ins
expectation of noting in our spoils and wasting our country
changed into tguoininious defeat, sliaineful Bi<^)it, -and a re-
luctant acknowledgment of the liumanrty and kindness, oi
those whom he had doomed to all the horrors and liuiuilia-
tiuii of a conquered state.

On the other side, unanimity established, disafFection
crushed, contidence restored, your country saved from con-
quest, your property from piilage, your wives and diui^h-
tent from insult and violation*' — the union' preserved IVnm
dismemberment, and perhaps a period put by this decsive
striike to a bloody and savage war, These, my brave
friends, are the consequences of the efforts } ou have made,
and the success With which the^ have been crowned by
Heaven.

These imporfanl results have been effected by theu \ited
courage and persevera >ce ui the army ; but which thediC-
feivni cori'S as well as ihe i.ulv duals th;it cnmt>ose it W'
ed with each oilier in their exertions to produce. The
gratiiiitle, the admiration of their country, offers a fairer re-
ft PnvioM to the atlnek fieri Pnckenham gave out for nattJiimd^
|lttttUi> wtd fiouty/ aitdinvuuicd three days riot and jftunder.

HISTORY OV THfe WAR.

^•3

ward than that which any praises of Uie Gen. can bestoWt
a i<) the be»t in that of which they can never Im> deprived^
the ronNcioiiftiieHM o( having done their duty, and of ineni>
ing^ the applause they will receive.

Com. Dfcaturtothe Stcreiaryo/ihe Navy.
\\, B. M.ikliip Endymioii, atsea, Jan. 18, 1815,
FIR — Tiiepaitit'iil duty of delailiu(jf to you the particu-
Inr oau<«es which pr^'cndf d and led to the cayiture of the
lute (T. S. frii^ate President by a Kquadroii of hiH Britannic
majesty *» xhips* haM devolved upon me. In my cuiumiini-
caMoii of the 14lh( 1 nude known my inte itioii of proceed-
ing; to Hf-a on thdteveninj^. Owi g to some mistake of the
piiotM, the ship in goui^ out grounded on the biir, where
she continued to strike heavily for an hour and a half ; al>
though she had broken several of her rudder braces, and
ha<i received such oher material injury as to render her
retui'ii into port desirable, I was unable to do so from the
strong westerly wind which was then blowing. We shap-
ed our course along the shore of Long-Island and for 50
miles, and then steered S. £. by £. Al five o'clock, three
shi,»s were discovered ahead; we immediately hauled up
the ship and passed two miles to the northward of them.
At day light, we discovered four ships in chase, one on
each quarter, and two astern, the leading .shij^i of the eM'3-
my a razee — she commenced a tire upon us but without
effect. At meridian the wind became light and balHing ;
we had increased our distance from the razee, but the
next ship astern, which was also a large ship* had gained
and continued to gam upoii us considerably; we inimedi-
atelyoccu;iied all ha >ds to lighten ship. At 3, we had the
wind quite light ; the enemy who had now been joined by
a brig, had a strong breeze, and were coming up with us
rapidly. TIr £ A\ mion (uiounting 50 guns, 24 ponnders
o>> the main deck) had now approached us within gunshot
and had commenced a tire with her bow gnns, which we
relumed from our stern. At 5 o'clock, she had obtained
a position on our starboard quarter, within half point
blank shot, on which neither our Ntern nor quarter guns
would bear; 1 remained with her in this position for half un

« Mttjealic razte^ Eiuli/inionf Vumone, Ttnedos, iJu^utch (brig )

t ■ li

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iiifHii;

'if!i#f

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'i04

HlifrOKY OF THE WAK.

hour, in the hope that she would close with an on oar
broadside, in which case I prepared my crew to board, but
from his continuing^ lo yaw his ship to maintain ht» position,
it became evident that to close was not his intention. Eve-
ry fire now cut some of otir sails or ringing. To Imve
continued our course under these circumstances wou.d
have been placinpf it in his power to cripple us, without, e-
ing subject to injury himself, and to have h.iuled up moie
to the northward to bring our stem guns to bear, would
have exp<ised us to his raking fire.

It was now dusk when I determined to alter my course
south, for the purpose of bringing the enemy abeam, und
although their ships astern were drawing up fast, 1 feit sit-
isfied I should be enabled to throw him out of the combat
before they could come up, and was not without hopes, if
the night proved dark (of which there was every appear-
ance^ that I might still be enabled to efiect my escape.
Our opponent kept off at the same instant we did, and fire
commenced at the same time. We continued engaged,
steering south with steering sails set two hours and a half,
when we completely succeeded in dismantling her. Pre-
viously to her dropping entirely out of the action, there
were intervals of minutes, when the ships were broadside
and broadside, and in which she did not fire a gun. At
this period, half past 8 oVIock, although dark, the other
ships of the squadron were in sight, and almost within gun
shot. We were of course compelled to abandon her. In
resuming our former course for the purpose of avoiding the
squadron, we were com|)el led to present our stern to our
antagonist — but such was his state, though we were thus
exposed and within range of his guns for half an hour, that
he did not avail himself of this favorable opportunity of
raking us. We continued this coni'se until 1 1 o'clnck,
when two fresh ships of the enemy (the Ponione and Tene-
dos) had come up. The Pomoue had opened her fire on
the la«'l>oard bow, within musket shot ; the other attout two
cables' length astern, taking a raking position on our quar-
ter; and the rest (with the exception of the Endymion)
within gun shot. Thus situated. With about one fifth of
my crew killed and wounded, my ship crippled, and a more
than four-fold force opp sed to me, without a chance of
esicape left, I deemed it my duty to surrender.

HISTORY OF THE WAK.

206

It is wilb emotions of pride, I l>ear testimony to the gaU
laniry RntI KteadinesM of every officer and man I had the
honor 'c aimaiid ou this occasion, and I feel satisfied
liiat ihf^t « 1 of their having beaten a force equal to them-
Kelves, in the presence, and almost under the guns of vastly
a superior force, when, too, it was almost self evident, that
whatever their exertions might be, tliey must ultimately be
captured, will be taken as evidence of what they would
have performed, had tlie force opposed to them been in any
degree equal.

For 24 hours aAer the action it was nearly calm, and the
squadron were occupied in repairing the crippled ships.
Such of the crew of ihe President as were not badly wound-
ed, were put oa board the different ships; myself and a
part of my crew were put on board this ship. On the I7th
we had a gale from the eastward, wlieii this ship lost her
bowsprit, fore and main-masts, and mizen to|i-mast, all of
which were badly wounded, and was, in consequence of
her disabled condition, obliged to throw overboard all her
upper deck guns.

I have the honor to be, &c.

STEPHEN DECATUR.

AMERICAN LOSS.

Killed 21 — wounded T)/*, ., .„ ■

»U1TISI1 LOSS.

/; Killed Jo — wounded 28»

' 1

ROYLE'S VICTORY.
Copt. Boyle to 3Ir. George t*. Stephenson.

Privateer Chasseur, at sea, March 2, 18^1».
[EjctKact.'] SIR — I have the honor to inform you,, tha*
0!) the 26tli of February being about six leagues to wind-
ward of Havanna,and two leagues from the land — at 11,
A. M. discovered a schooner bearing N E. of us, appar-
ently nnming before the wind ; made every |K>ssible sail in
chase. At lialf past meridian 1 fired a gun and hoisted
ihe American flag, to ascertain, if possible, the nation
which she belonged to, but she shewed no colors. At 1,
P. M. drawing up with him very fast, she fired a sterti
ohase gun atus,and hoisted English colors^ shewing at the
"♦■dime liiue only three ports in the side next to u>.

in i.

; , t .<

! .

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Sj^

'it ,

'mm\3.

i %

^ 1

■■■|

, 1

t,:

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206

HISTORY or THE WAE.

UriOer the imprestiion that ^he wan a rnnningf ye^%^\
bound to Havaniiii, weakly armed and manned, I infd
every eiforl lo ciotie with him an qniek as possible. Shw
very few men on his deck, ami hastily made small prr^mr-
ation for action, though mv otticers, myself and men did
not expect any fighting, of course we were not completely
prepared for ac. ion. At 1, 26, we were within pistol shut
of him when he opened a tier of ten ports on a side, and
gave his broa<lsi(le of round, grape and musket \i\\U, \
tin II opened llie Chasseur's fire from the great guns and
niusketrv, and endeavored to close with him for the pur-
pose ot boardiitg; we having q,iiick way at this lime, shot
ahead of him under his lee ; he put his helm up for the pur-
pose of wearing across our stern and to give us a raking
fise, which 1 prevented by timely tiking notice of his in-
tention, and putting our helm biird up also. He shot quick
ahead, and I closed within ten yards of him ; at this time
both fires were heavy, severe, and destructive. I now found
his men had been concealed under his bulwark, and that (
had a heavy enemy to contend with, and at 1,40, gave the
order for boarding, which my brave ofiicers and men cheer-
fully obeyed with uiiexaiiipied quickness, instaiAly put the
helm to starboard to lay him on board, and in the act of
boarding her, she surrendered. She proved to he H. B.
majesty's schooner St. Lawrence, commanded by Litut.
James £. Gordon, of 15 guns, 14 twelve pound carronades
upon an improved construction, and a long nine; 7«) men,
and had on board a number of soldiers, marines, and some
gentlemen of the navy passengers; having by report lo
killed and 23 wounded. I had 5 men killed and 8 wound-
ed, myself amongst the latter, though very slight y. Thu';
ended the action in 15 minutes after its commenCi nient,
and about 8 minutes close quarters, with a force equal in
every respeci to our own.

The Chasseur mounts six 12 pounders, and eight slioiti^
pound carronades, (the latter taken from one of her pir/>-s)
ten of our 12 pound carronades having iteen thrown ovei-
board whiie hard chased by the Barrusa frigate.

Yours witii respeci,
* = THOMAS BOYLE.

mSTOftT OV THE WAR.

997

i I/; iuuii Citl Scott to Govrmor Earltf.

Great Satill river, February 38, 181d.

[£r/rael] SIR — I have Ihe plettMure io inl'orin you of 4
brilliat'l aifair haviiii( taken place on the 244h inMt. on the
river Su Mary 'm, between a \:i\xi of my delachment, 20
men, conMiiandetl by Gipt. WiUiani Mckler, aided bj
obotit d() of tlie FatnutK ot Florida, under Col. Dili* and 6
nt the enemy*8 barges containing about :250 men, which
had attenipted ti> proceed up the river to burn Mr. A.
Ciurk*N nulls. The enemy were tir^it attacked by the P.it*
nuts from the Florida nhore, iieiir Camp Piiickney, when
the barges immediiitely tacked about to retreat, but ouir
men being in ambuiili on thi.s shore gave them a second re»
leptioii, and thus the tire Was kept up from both shoreg un-
til they got into a greater extent of river than our riflemen
could reach. The enemy tost IGU killed and wounded.—^
We hud one man huvelely wounded through the body,
mid several received Imlls ihrough their clothes, but no
further injury. ^

!«c, hm i^i^f^iiAJMk^iHtei. WILLIAM SCOTT. ':

Sailing master John HutUmrd to Com, CampbelL
Gun Bout, ^o. 168, Cumberland Sound, March 1», l»l5;
[Extract.] SllA. ' Proceeduig with the despatch which
you did me the honor to entrust to my care, I sailed from
Tybee bar, at 1, P. M. on the 16th instv wind N. E. steer-
ing south ; at half past •} descried a sail in the S. E. quar«
iei% which we soon found to be a ship stand*ng N. N. W.
About 40 minutes after she tired a gun and hoisted herco-
loi's, the shot passing over our fore gaiir'; our colors were
hoisted, coiitinued our course fur a few minutes, when
another gun was fired ; the shot passed abaft the main
rigging over the lee quarter. Heaving his vessel too on
the starboard tack, hailed me by saymg, * you damii'd ras*
cal, if you don't lower your boat down and come on board
immediately. Til fire into you. Til siiik you, God damn you.'
Seeing me in the act of taking in the square t»ail, * why
(Joi/t you heave too, God damn you, Til sink you ; Til
fire a broadside into you.' As soon as I cduld be heard
I said, this is a U. States' vessel, from Savannah, with des-
patches for Admii'At Cockburn. In the act of pronounc-
aig the Inst words, a musket was fired at me, the ball pass*

i'il A

till

20b

UlSTURY Ur I'UC WAlt

^^'1

I i

^m^

'f !

iii^ ncnr my hlioiildeni, over the hand of Ike man al iht
itelui, Mtrikin^ ihe tvuter from 20 lo ;M) foct from the vessel.
Fttltin^the helm down,! again niforineci him of the char-
acter uf the veifsel, Maying, if you wish for further satwfaction
youarealliberty to8en<l}ourboaton^boarU; be Mid,*! don't
cure a <lanin for the despulchcii, nor Admiral Gnekburn
either ; God damn (hem and the United StaleHioo ; 1*11 fire a
broadside into you and iiink you, if you cion't lower your
bout down and come on board, you ruHcal.* Put about and
run clohe under the tiliip's if e, Haying, this is the U. Statesi'
gun vesNel No. 108, with despatches for the Admiral off
St. Mury 'n ; if you doubt her lieing what she appears to be,
you can hend your boat on board. Turning to me, he
Kays, * God damn you, come on board or Fll sink you —
I'll fire thunder into you.' I replied, * if you do, 1 Mhull re-
turn your compliments with lightning.' At this time 1 re.
ceivcd, if possible, a greater flood of vulgar abuse than
before. 1 hove about, stood to windward of him, heaving
toouiihis Klarboiird qu:u'ter* with the larboard lacks on
board ; when u Lieutenant came alongside, nnd ordered
nie into the boat, saying, * if you do not go on board, eury
one of you will be taken out atid curried to Charleston.'
Go on board and tell your commander that 1 shall not low-
er my boat, nor shall an officer or man leave the vessel but
by force, showing him the paper for Admiral Cockbiirn. * If
you doi/t go on board, you 11 be sunk as soon as I go on
board ; I advise you to go' — 1 want no advice, (said I) I
have tlie orders of my government by which I am govern-
ed ; tell your commander that such trifling shall not pass
Mrilh impunity. On the boat leaving us, the Captain of the
ship said, * won't the damned rascal come? then come
alongside and let me sink him; 1*11 fire a broadside into
him. On the boat's reaching the ship's side a gun was
tired } the shot passing to leewMrd, through the mainsail,
Qear the mast, cutting away one of the stays, going Ictween
ihe foremast and rigging ; while he gave full vent to his
vulgar abuse. 1 now saw every one of our little crew anx-
iously wailing the order to tire into the apparent enemy ;
b;ii I considered that several lives w<ndd in all probability
be lost, and the tliig struck at last. Under these consider-
ations, I tired a gun across his bows, as the vessels wer^ly-;
ing, sunk the signals, and hauled the colors down/ A

HISTORY OF TH* WAS.

«Vlr

Lieutenant mine on board, to whom I made a formal siir'
render ot llie vesiiel ; heoh«ier%'ed that lie wa^only n Lieut.
' .Send an officer on tioard, (I replie«l^ tlie oHicer<i and men
are your iiriHOuerA.' He ordereil me on lK);ird tlie Niiip.
On my arrival on board the »hip, I wa.H met by the Captam
near the main mant, saying^, * this \h hiM majeNly's ship Ere-
bus, Bartholomew, commander.' * Thin is my sword, I
replied) that is the U. States ^un vessel No. 108, which I
surrender -.xs yonr prize, myself, oflicers and crew as your
prisoners.' He said n^aiii,* huw dare yon reiuse to come
on" board his majesty's ship when ordered 1" * I know not
nor do I acknowtedt^e any rii^hl you have to order* nie on
board, or to interrupt me sailing alon^ the American const.
1 shall, 4iowever, make a fair representation of this most
flag^rant abuse of power on your part to my government. I
very much regret that I have not the command of a vessel
of 20 guns, which would save the trouble of demanding'
satisfaction at a future day, by taking it on the spot.' He
said, * I only wish to warn you off the coast; will you see
my orders from the Admiral to warn all vessels from the
coast ?' * As I am governed by ihe orders of my own gov-
ernment, I can have nothing to do with those of Admiral
Cockburn.' He said * I thought you might be from the
Cape of Good Hope.' * You could not believe any smh
thing, when you see she has no quarter, has not the ap-
pearance of having been at sea any length of time; her
boats not stowed as if to remain long at sea ; nor could yon
suppose that were I from a long cru.se, I should run past
the port of Savannah, thereby exposing my vessel to any
British cruizerthat might happen to be on the coast.' He
then said, * upon my honor, I believe it was an accident,
but I am sure the last shot would not have been fired if you
had not been trying to run away from me.* * Yon coald
believe no such thing; you saw both jibs to windward,
and the helm a-lee.' He said,* upon my honor, 1 don't know
whether it went off by accident or was fired; no orders were
given to fire.' After walking the quarter-deck for a few
minutes, returning, he said, * will you see my orders to warn
all vessels off the coast.' 'As I have nothing to do wilii
(hem I can have no wish to see them.' * If you think Ihis
will cause any dispute between the two governments, (said
he) I will return with you to the AUminU and have it set-.

ill;'

iiffii^ili

i il'l!

900

HIHTOVLY OV TUK WAIU

1
I

^•\

:i| i

tied.* 1 replied, * I do not feel inyslelf auihorised in ny
pr<*»ent Hitutttioii to receive any MaliMtuclioii you may liav«
111 your |M>wer lu ufl'er tor niicIi a wilful inyiilt offered lo ih»
U. Sliilcs. I wa» llieu ordered on board, and proceeded
With the detfpalcheM.
^ JOHN IIUKLBURD.

-I .

STEWART S VICTORY.
Capi. tSUtmul to llu; tSevretar*/ oj the Navjf.

U. S. friir»ite CoiistiUilioM, May, — 1815.
' FIR~-On the 20lh of F* lintary IumI, the 1^ and of Ma.
deira t)earintir about W. S. W. 4ii!«tant IH) te/«t>^ues. He iVll
it with hix R. M'm two ships of war, the C>aie and Levant,
aiul broupfht them to action about <> o'clock m the evening,
both of winch after a spirited eng^agemeiit of 40 minutes,
surrendered to the ship under my commund.

CoiiHidering: the advantages derived by the enemy, from
a divided aiul more active force, as also their superiority
in thi^ weig^ht and iiuiuber of guns, 1 deem the speedy and
decisive result of this action the strongest assurance which
can be given to the government, that all did their duty, attd
gallantly supported the reputation of American seamen.

Inclosed is a list of the killed and wounded ; also a state-
ment of the actual force of the enemy, and the number kil-
led and wounded ou board their 8h[>is »>( near as could be
avcertained. vdnat v * -^y.^rMS'i

..^', I have the honor to be, &c.
tM-i) CHARLES STEWART.

7? ' FORCE OF THE CONSTITUTION.

f): 32 twenty four pouiiders. — 20 thirty- two pounders. —
\:1 52guns, Officers, men and boys 466. i. r *

ruj.7 It ';..»; FOKCE OF THE CYANE.

22 thirty-two pounders — 10 eighteen do, — 2 twelve do.«
2 brass swivels, 36 guns. — officers men and boys 180.

FORCE OF THE LEVANT.

18 thirty-two pounders — 2 nine do, — Xwelve do. 21guns.--
officers^men and boys 156. ' r

K*/foiKj?>ji- ti'/( AMBKICAN LOSS. .) ■;• i- .'

iii.Y/ oi» uV-i^ Kdied 3 — ^wounded 12.
i^:dr^i)\ BRITISH LOSS

I '%) ,rf Killed 35 — wounded 39 — ^prisoners 30 1.

j'i^iA il C ^. - . -J.

UlITART or THV WIR.

dOl

KIDDLE'S vicrroRV.

Capl. Hiddie to Commodore Decatur.
U.S. S. HorntU off' Trisland Acuuha, A/arch 25^ 1815.

81 li — 1 have tiie honor to inform, thai on the uilNPuiRfl^^
of the 23(1 iiikt. ut half |Hi8l ion, when about to anch«#i Ml
tilt! north end of the isU' ilof Trirtnn'd Acunha, a sdil wat^'
tei-n to the southward and eastward, steering to tha wcmI*
ward, the wind fresh from the 8. 8. W. In a tew minutes
she had paMsed ou to the westward so that we could not see
her for ihe land. J immediately made sail tu tlie westward,
aiidshouly after getting sight of her again, perceived heif
to bear up before the wind. I hove too for him to come
down to us. — When she had approached near, I Hlieil the
maintopsail, and continued to yaw the ship, while she con-
tinued to come down ; wearuig occasionally to prevent
her passing under our stem. At 1 40 P. M. being nearly
within musket shot distance, she hauled her wind on the
starboard tack, hoisted English colors^ and tired a gun.
We immediately luffed too. hoisted our ensign and gave
the enemy a broadside. The action being thus commenc-
ed, a quick and well directed fire was ke|*t up from this
ship, the eueuiy gradually driftmg nearer to us, when at
1 55 he bore up, apparently to run us on board. At
soon as I perceived he would certainly fall on board, f'
called the boarders so as to be ready to repel any attempt
to board us. At the instant every officer and man repair-
ed to the quarter deck, where the two vessels were, coming
in contact and eagerlv pressed me to permit them 'a board
the enemy : but this I would not permit, as it was evident
from the commencement of the action that our fire was
greatly supei'ior both in quickness and in effect. Ti'^c ene-
my's bowsprit came in between our main and mizen rig-
ging, on our starboard side, affording him an opportunity
to board us, if such was his design, but no at*;empt was
made. There was a consifierable swell on, and as the sea
lifted us a head, the enemy's bowsprit carried away cur
mizen shrouds,stern davits, and spanker boom, and he hung
upon our larboard quarter. At this moment an officer,
who was afterwards recognized to be Mr. M'Donold, the
first Lieut, and the then commanding officer, called out
that they had surrendered. 1 directed the marines and
musketry-men to cease firing, and, while on the taffrail
asking if they had surrendered, I received a wound in the

■I :

l\ P|;'

M':l

302

IIUTO&T OF Tn WAR.

»|

i !

• 1

neck. The enemy just then got clear of us and hin furc-
nitMi and bow«prit beinn^ both gone^ and perceiviufir ,ih
vcarin^ to give hiin a fresh broi^«ide, he attain called out
that he had surrendered. It wan with difficulty 1 could re-
strain my crew from firinff into him as^ain as ho had cer-
tainly fired into us alter having surrendered. From tlu:
firing of the fimt gun, to the laHtlime the enemy cried uiit ho
had surrendered, was exactly 22 minutes by the watch.
She proved to be U. B. M- brig Penguin, inouutiiiflr mx.
teen 321b carronades, two long 12\s a twelve lb carron-
adeon the top gallant forecastle, with swivels on the cup-
stern and in the tops. She had a spare |)ort forward, ^o
as to fight l>oth her long guns of a side. She sailed from
England in Sept. last. She is in all respects, a remarkably
fine vessel of her class. The enemy acknowledge a coni-
plegnent of 182 men ; 12 of them supernumersiry marities
from the Medway 74. Tney acknowledge, also, a loss of
14 killed, and 28 wounded ; but Mr. Mayo, who was in
charge of the prize, assures me that the number of killed
was certainly greater. Among the killed is Cipt. Dicken-
son, who fell at ihe close of the action, and the boatswain ;
among the wounded, is the second Lieut, purser, and two
midshipmen. Each of the midshipmen lost a leg. ll.iv.
mg removed the prisoners, and taken on board such provi-
sions and stores as would be useful to us, I scuttled the
Penguin, this morning before day-light, and she went down.
As she was completely riddled by our shot, her foremast
and bowsprit both gone, and her mainmast so crippled as
to be incapable of being sc'^'ured, it seemed unadvisable, al
this distance from home, \.o attempt sending her to the U.
Slates.

This ship did not receive a single round shot in her hull,
nor any material wound iu her spars ! the rigging and saiU
were very much cut ; but having bent a new suit of sails
and knotted and secured our rigging, we are now com-
pletely ready, in all respects for any service. We were
eight men short of complement, and had nine upon the
sick list the morning of the action. Enclosed is a list of
killed and wounded. J. BIDDLE.

tic-* i-'s'iinKr.
h,'\Hi:i vtii

* AMERICAN LOSS.

Killed, I. — wounded, 11

BUITISH LOSS.

Killed 14.~Wounded,28.

I 7:«1-

•>i!i

•^niA

.Y%ttl*:Vi*t»

ilPPENDIX.

OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE,

suit of sails

f'f

HELATIVE TO TUB TEKATY OV PBACK.

Wamuiuqtos, Oct. 10, 18U.

To t/te Oauite and Uouue of ^eitresentaiives of

mA fivtjir </*e £/. isltafet,

I lay before congrefiM comniuiiicMtioiift just received from

the Pteiii(>oteutiarieM of the U. ^lalL'ti, churgod with oego-

ciatin&f |)eace with C. Untttiii ; itheM'iiig; the condition! oa

wliich alone that (foveniineiit ii» wUling to put an end* lo.

ihe war.

I*,

..,1,

'-*

JAMES MADISON.

The American Plenipoteniiariet to Ute Secretary of stale,

Ghent, Aug;. 12th, 1814.

SIR — We have the honor tu luionu you, that the BrU
tish couiiniHsiioneni, lord Gambler, Henry Goulburn, Esq.
uiid William AiianiH, Eitn. arrived ni thiti city on Saturday
evening^, the dixth initt. The day ufler their arrival, Mr.
B tker, their Sticretary, (tailed U|)oii u* to {^ive us notice of
the fact, aiul io prupoHe a meetinpf, at a certain hour, on
the ensuing day. The place having been agreed upon,'
we accordingly met, at 1 o'clock, on Monday, the eighih
inst. '.

We enclose, herewith, a copy of the full powers exhibit-
ed by the British commissioners, at that conference ; which
was opened on their part by aii expression of the sincere
uiid earnest desire of their government, that the negocia-
tionmitrht result in a solid peace, honorable to both par-
lies. Vhey, at the same time declared, that no events
which had occurred since the first proposal for this nego<
ciution, had altered the pacific disposition of their govern-
inent, or varied its views as to the terms upon which it was
wilH^g to conclude the peace. ^ „ ,,, , ,^, .

.u t

•I-, I

^•ti

301

APPCllDfX.

1 r.

Wc aiiKwered, lliiit we heanl theste (let laral oiih mii|i
great salistacluHi, atiti lliai our KoverniiKMit iiad iicrteiUd
to th ■ prupnnal ut' iicdfiirMlioii, with tlie iiitwt Miiicere dcsiru
to put an end to the cutfbrMi^i*» whrrhdrvided the two roun.
tries, audio la^ upon junI andhberal ^rouiuU the tuuiidiiiion
of a peace whicii Necuniiqf the rij^hlM aud iutertHU of buth
nations* tdiould uuil« tb<$iu by laittuig bonds of auiity^^

Thif British conimisHionerM then stated th?>1'oiK»Wirt^ kuI).
jeciN, as thoi<e u|ioii which it appeared to them that the
diNcuMHiona would be likely to turn» and on which they were
instructed.

1. Tile forcible seizure of mariners onboard of uierchtint
vessels, and in connection with it, the claim of his Briliin-
nic majesty to tlie allegiance of all the native subjects of
G. Britain.

W^ understood them M intiiirate, that the British js^ovpii).
ment did not propose this point as one which Ihey were p!ir->
ticularly desirous of discussing ; but that as lihad occupied
so prominent a place in the disputes between the two coiin«
tries, it necessarily attrarled notice and was considered as a
subject which would come under discussion.

2. The Indian allies of (i. Briti\in to be included in the
pacification, and a definite boiiiidary to be selUed for their
territory.

The British commissioners stated, that an arrangement
upon this point was a sine qua nun ; that they were not
authorised to conclude a treatv of peace which did not em-
brace the indinii's as allies ot his Britannic majesty ; and
that the esliiblishnient uf a definite boundary of the Indian
territory wa^ necessary to secure a permanent peace, not
only with the Indians, but also between the U. Slates uiid
G. Britain.

3. A revision of the bonndary linebelweentlieU. States
and the adjacent British colonies.

With respect to this point, they expressly disclaim any
intention, on the part of their government, to acquire nii
increase of territory, and re|>i*esei»ttd the proposed revision
as intended merely for the purpose of preventing uncer-
tainty and dispute. "• ,'*'•''"'■ "/."'i'' ' * ' "''!i '■

Alter having stated ihesie thr^6 p<)infs as subjects of dis-
cusMun, the British commissioners added, that before they
desired any answer from us, they felt it incumbent upon

ilFPENPIX.

853

the F. Stales

ihcm to (l^rlnr**, llinl the Brilitih i;ov<>mmrat dM tint deny
the riq^ht of the Aniencaiiii to tl e tiiihene5i Keni'rttlly* or in
the open neas ; hut ti ai thu iirivih'^es lonwerly icrnoti'd liy
treaty to the V. Stuten nt tUhiiii^ «%ithiii the \mv\n of ihe
British juriHdictioii, and of laiiiiiiif; and dryiiisfi«hon the
sUoren of the British tt^rriluncy, would not be renewed
without an eqnivalenf

The extent of what was considered l>y them ait waters
pfciiiiarly British, uns not stated. From the manner in
which they hroufj^ht this subject into view, they Hcenied to
wish UH tu uruierHtand th.il they were not an\iou» that it
should l)e diHCUHsed, and that they only intended to p^ive us
notice that these privilei;eH had ccaxett to exint, and would
nut airain be granted without an equivalent, ntiruide^s we '
thoujrht proper to provide expressly in the treaty of peace
for their renewal.

The Britiiih commissioners havinj^ stated that these were
all the Kubj.t cts which they intended to bring d rward or to
sug^^est, requested to be informed* whether we were In-
structed to enter into ne^ociation on these iievyal |)ointii,
and whether there was any amongst these which we thought
it unnecessary to bring into the negociation ? and they de-
sired us to state, on our part, such other subjects us we
might intend to propose for discussion in ihe course of ihe
negociation. The meeting was then adjourned to the nexl
(lay, in order to afford us the opportmnty of consultation
among ourselves, before we gave an answer.

In the course of the evening of the same day, we receiv-
ed your letters of the 25th and 27lh of June.

There could be no hesitation, on our part, in informing
the British commissioners, that we were not instructed on
the subjects of Indian pacdication or boundary, and of
fisheries. Nor did it seem probable, although neither of
these points had been stated with sufficient precision in that
first verbal conference, that they could be admitted in any
shape. — We did not wish, however, to prejudge the result,
or by any hasty proceeding abruptly to break off the ne-
(Tocialion. It was not impossible that, on ihe subject of
the Indians, the British government had received errot.eous
impressfcuns from the Indian traders in Canada, which our
represeutatiuns might remove : and it appeared, at all
ev( ,)ts, important} to ascertain distinctly the precise anten-
, 39

ii.

.u.

\. !'

806

APPFMllX.

i ':''

i)v

-ri

I '

tiom ofG. Britninon l»olh fioiiili. Wo, Ihcrefore, lhoii(r||t
it nii\ii»i!l)lc in invite th«> Britinh comniisiiionerstnH gener-
al run vcrfca lion on all the poiniM ; slalmt; to them, at the
Mmi(>tinu>, our want of instrnclions on two of them, ami
hohiifiir <mt no expectation of the probability of our ag^ree-
inp" to any arliele reKiH^elinif I hem. (

At our nuelinij on the enHuinu <lay we inrormfd the Bri-
tish coiMniiKKiiiiiers, that upon th<> first and third puinls
propoHed hy them ue were ()r(hvidc'd will) instructions, ami
we prcKenled as Injllirr innlijccls considered hy our jroveru-
nu'ut aMNuilai'le for discussion ;

1st. A ^iefinition of hiockade ; and a<< far as miglil be
nintuallv a^rted, of other neutral and bcllig-ercnl rights.

'id. Claims of indemnity in certain cases of capture anil
se-Riu'e.

We then slated that llie two subjects, Isl of [ndian ()a-
citirnlioii, and boundary, and 2d of fisheries, were not em-
hi^aced by our i'strnctions. •* i.!i!- c

We observed, that as these points had not been hert lotoi'fi
the uronnds of any controversy between the j»overnniiiit
of G. l^itain and thai of the V. Stales, and had not been
allude«f toby lord C <»tlereajufh, in his letter proposincrihe
negftoialion, it couldiiot be expected that they should have
be^n' anticipated and made the sribject of instructions bv
our gfovtmmejd ; that it was natural to be supposed, that
our iiiKtnictions were confined to those snbjects upon which
differences between Ihe two countries were known to ex-
ist; and ihat the pronosition to drtjne, in a treaty belwcea
the U. Stales and G. Britain, the boundary of the Indian
possessions uithiii onr territories, was new and without ex-
ample. No such provision ha<l been inserted in the treaty
ot peacein »7«H3, nor in any other treaty between the two
countries. N<» such provision had toour knowU/lge, ever
been inserleU in any treaty made by G. Britain or any Eu-
ropean power ill relation to the same description of people,
existing under like circumstances. We would say« how-
ever, thai it would not be doubted, that peace with the In-
dians would certaiiily follow a peace with (i. Britain : thut
we hadintormatioin that commissioners had already been
appointed to treat with them; that a treaty to that effect
nt.trht, perhaps, have been already concluded : and that the
U. StAdes havmg no interest, nor any motive to continue a

APPENDIX.

907

^nrale war ncfainNt ihe Iii(linn«, there v**i\U\ inner lie a
iTinniiMit when our {^overiinieiit wuuld not be dispoMtil In
make peare wilhlhein.

\V(> tht'ii exfirevsrd our wiwh to receive front the Britidk
coinniiMsionerM u statement of Ihe viewNaiul ubjectM ol'O.
Britaiiinpor. ai| the pointN, aiul our u illiiit^iieMH to iliNeiiMk
them all, tn order tiiat, even if no arrantrement nIiouUI be
n«rri>ed on, u|>on tliepointH not inrlnded in our inKlructionit^
llir irovernnient of the l^ Slates nuj^ht be |K>.s«e8Med of the
entire iind precise intentions of thai of (i. Britain, respecl-
iiiif 'ht se points, and thai the British ;rovernnient niiuhl be
fiiil\ iniornied of the objections, on the part of the U. States,
to nnv sneh arranj^ement.

In answer to our remark that these point:* had not been!
alliided to by lord Casliereat>h, in his K Iter proposing tiie
negocKition, it was said, ihat it could not be expected,Jhat
ill a lellermerely intended to inviie a ne«>-ociatioiiy he Hhouid
enumerate the topics of discussion, or state the pretensions
ot his (jcovernment ; since these would depend upon uherior
events, and mi<^ht arise out of a subsequent state of things.
In reply to our observation, that the propose dstipulatjou
of an Indian boundary was without example in the prac-
tice of European nations, it was asserted that the Indians
must in some sort be considered as an independent people,
since treaties were made with them, both by G. Britain and
the U. States : upon which we pointed out the obvious and
important diti'erences between Ihe treaties we miu'ht make
with Indians, livin<r in our territory, and such a treaty an
was proposed to be made, respectiiijg^ them, with a foreig'u
power, who had solemnly a(linuwled<>ed the territory on
winch they resided to be part of the U. Stales, i.. ,^:. a > //
We were then asked by the British commissioners wheth-
er, incase they should enter fnrlh'r upon the discussion of
the several ponits which had been stated, we could expect
ihat it would terminate by some provisioned arrangement
on the points on which we had no instructions, particular-
ly on that respecting' the [tidians, which arrangement would
be subject to the ratiHcation of our government ?

We answered, that beft»re the subjects were distinctly
understood, a'ld the objects in view more precisely discloN-
ed, we could not decide whether it would be possible tq
form any satisfactory article uu the subject ; nor pledge

ijj!^

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IPPPNDIX.

'■!♦,

li'

■

ourKolves ns to fehe exeruiNe of u ciiHcretiuii under our pow-
ers, even wilh rcH|V(*l to u provinional ngrcemeut. We
addeily that a** we should deeply deplore a rupture of the
Ml^oriation on any point* it wan our anxiuux desire to em-
ploy nil possihie mean** to avert an event so HenouN in lU
coosequences ; ami that we had nol been without hopes
that » discussion nii&[ht roriecl the eQ'ect of any erroneous
information whieh the British «40vernuient in'(>hl have re-
ceived oil the subject which they had proposcl as a pre-
liminary basis. VM' u;tH >>'

We took this opportunity to remark, that no nation ob-
serTed a policy more liberal and humane towards iIk In-
dians than that pursued by the U. States ; that our object
had been, by all 'practicable means, to introduce civiliza-
tion amongst them ; that their possessions were secured to
them by well defined boundaries, that their persons, lands,
and other property were now more effectually protected
a^inst violence or frauds from any quarter, than they had
been under any former government ; that even our citizens
'were not allowed to purchase their lands ; that when they
gave up their title to any portion of their country to the U.
States, it was by a voluntary treaty with our government,
mho gave them a satisfactory equivalent; and that throuoK
these means the U. States had succeeded in preservuig,
since the treaty of Greenville of 179d, an uninterrupted
peace of sixteen years, with all the Indnin tribes; a period
of tranquility much longer than they were known to have
enjosed heretofore. t m; -i ■■>, /

- li was then expressly staged on our part, that the propo-
sUioti res<>ecting the Indians, was not distinctly understood.
We asked whether the pacitication, and the settlemeni of
a boundary for them were both made a sine qua non. —
Winch was answtred in the affirmative. Tlie qnesion
MUH then asked the British commissioners, whether tiie
pro{K>sed Indian boundary was intended to preclude the U.
States from the right of purchasing by treaty from the l.i-
dians, without the consent of G. Britain, lands laying bo
yuiid that boundary ? And as a restriction upon the In-
dians from selling by amicable treaties lands to the \J.
Slates, as had been hitherto practised? . :. : .
• To litis question, it was first answered by one of the
commissiuaei's, that the Indians would uot be restricleci

APP£NI>I3U

ilOO

irom ftclling ibeir laiidk, bul lltat iht* U. S^lates would be
reHU'icted froui purckaKiug Ihetii ; and uii n HecUuo aiiulli-
er of the coniuiisMioiicrs ittalcd, iliul it was iiileiidcd ibafc
the Indian territory s^iiuuld be a barrier bet\\eeii the Brilhli
duiiiiiiiuiis and thttse ol the U. States, that ijoth G Britain
and the U. Slates should bi^ reslricttd from purchasing
their lauds ; bul the ludiaus might sell them to a Uiird par-

Tiie proposition respecting Lidian boundary thus ex-
pUiined, and connected with the right of sovereignty as-
cribcd to the Indians over the country, amounted to i.oth-
\\\% less than a demand of the absolute cession of ihe rights
both of sovereignty and of sod. We cannot abstain from
remarking to you, that the subject (of Indian boundary) -
Wiis indislincily stated vvheii first proposed, and that the
ex|)lanalions were at first obscure and always given with
reluctance. And it was declai'Mi from the first moment, io
be a sme qua non, rendering any discussion anprofitable
until it was admitted as a basis. Knowing that we had
no power to cede to the Indans any part of our territory,
we thought it unnecessary to ask, what probably would not
have been answered till the principle was admitted, where
the line of demarkation of the Indian country was propos>
ed to be established.

The British commissioners, after having repeated that
their instructions on the sulijecl of llie Indians were pe-
remptory, stated that unless we could give some assurance,
thiit our powers would allow us to make at least a provi-
sional arrangement on the subject, any further discussioa
would be fruitless, and that they must consult their own
government on this state of things. Thiy proposed ac-
cordingly a suspension of the conferences, until they should
have received an answer, it being u .derstood that each
parly might call a meeting whene\er they had any propo-
sition to submit. They disjiatciied a special messeiigev
ilie same evMiing, and we aiv iiuw waiting fur the result.

Before llie proposed adjournment took place, it was
agreed thai there should be a protocol of the conferences ;
thai a statement should for th^it purpose be drawn up by
each party, and thai we should meet the next day lo com-
pare the stalenuiuU We accordingly met again on Wed-
nesday the iOlh insl. and ultimately agreed upon whul

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\hi

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910

APFRNDIX.

;M|

shoiiUl conxtiliile the protocol of the ronferenreii. A cony
of thiA iiMtriimeiit, we have the honor to tranHniit wilh thi»
dituatch.

* They objected to the insertion of the answer which they
had oriven to ourquention refl|)ectint|^ the «ifect of the ))ri>-
poNfd Iiulian boundary ; bnt they ajrreed to an a iteration
of their origin li {troposition on that subject, which ren-
den) it much more ex|>licit than ah ?«t;ited, either in the tirst

CO iference or in their proposed drau^^ht of the protocol.

They al»o objected to the inscrtioit of the fact, that tl)tiy
bad proposed to adjourn the conferences, until they c«»ii!d
obtain further instmctioiis from their government. The
return of their messenger may, (>erhaps, disclose the mo-
tive of their reluctance in that respect.

We ha,ve Ihehonor to be, "vc. ' ■u.^t,-

JOHN a. ADAMS, I H. CLAY, i;

J. A. BAYARD, j JONA. RUSSELL.

^ PROTOCOL OF CONFERENCE.

AuffmtS, 1814.

The British commissioners requested iiiforni«itioii v«helii.
er the American commissioners were instructed to enter
into negociation on the prect ding points P But before they
desired any answer, they felt it right to communicate tiie
intentions of their government as to the North American
tisheries, viz. That the British guvernment did not intend
to grant to the U. States, gratuitously, the privileges for-
merly granted by treaty to them, of fishing within the lim-
its of the British sovereignty, and of using theshores of the
British territories for purposes connected with the tishe-
ries.

August 9. — The meeting being adjourned to the 9th of
August, the commissioners met again on that day.

The American commissioners at this meeting stated,
that upon the first and third |>oiiits proposed by the British
commissioners, they were provided with instructions truiii
their government, and that the second and tourth of these
points were not provided for in their instructions. That
in relation to an Indian pacitication, they knew that (he
government of the U. States had a|)po:nted coainiission-
ers to treat of peace wilh the Indians, and that it was not
improbable that peace had been made with them.

APPBNIUX.

911

The American coimniwiioner» presenle<1 as Curlher dub-
jerUc«His:ikT«il by Ibe governnieai of the U. Slates a» suit-
able tor disciiMHioii.

1. A tietiiiilioii of blockade, and as far as may be a-
greeti.uf oibcT iK'Ulral aitd bellij^ereiit rights.

2. Certain claims of indemnity lo individuals for captures
uiid seizures preceding' -tnd Mubnequeiit to the war.

3. '1 bey further sUited that there were various other
points to nbicb their instructions extended, which might
uith proprtttty be objects of discussion, either in the nego-
ciiition of the f.-oacc, or in titat of a treaty of commerce,
witu.h in tiic csise of a propitious termmation of tlie present
conferences, they were bkewisc uulhurtst'd to conclude.
That for the purpose of facilitating Uie first and most es- '
se liai object of peace, they had discarded every subject
wliicli was not considered as peculiarly connected with
tiiiil, and piTMenlcd only those points which appeared to
be imiiiedialely relevanl to this neg'ociation.

The American commissioners expres.sed their wish to re-
ceive from the British commissioners a statement of the
views and objects of G. Britain, U|K>n all the points, and
tiieir willhigness todiscuKS them all.

Tliey» the American commissioners were asked, wheth-
er, it those of G. Britain should enter further upon this dis-
cussion, particularly respecting the Indian boundary, the
American commissioners could expect that it would ter-
nunate by some provisional arrangement, which they could
conclude, subjfct to the ratification of their government?

Tlit'y answered, that as any arrangetrsont to which they
could agree upon the subject must be without specific au-
tlionty from their government, it was not possible for them,
previous to discussion, to decide whether any article on the
subject could be formed which would be mutually satisfac-
tory, and to which they should think themselves, under
their discretionary powers, justified in acceding.

-■ I

'^•5!

The American Commissioners to the Secretary of State.

GiiLNT, August 19, 1814. '

SIR— Mr. Biker, secretary to the British mission, call-
ed upon us to-day, at 1 o'clock, and invited us to a con-
ference to be held at three. This was agreed to, and the
British commissioners opened it, by saying that they had

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I i

:il2

APVENDIX.

received their 4'iirther iiiitmctionfi ihiH morniitc^, and )ind
nuiluNt a moment in reqiietttiiig n meftiii)r for the puqMx^f:
of com;nuiii('utiii(^ the decis'oii of Iheir g^nverriment. It \%
pro|>«r to notice that lord Casllfrr'agh had arrived lust
iii^lit in this city» whence, it \h xaid, he wdl depart to-mor-
row on hiN way to BniMseh and Vienna.

The KntiHh commisNionerit stated that their g'overnmctit
had felt some surprise, thai we were not inHtriieted res|>ecl.
mg the Indhiiis, as it could not have been ex|)ecled that
they would lesive their allies, in their rompnrntiveiy wenk
situation, exposed to our resftttnienl. Givtit-Biitam nnt;! t
justly have supposed that the Americ;)ti«overiiment woiiUI
have furnished us with instructions aiithonsinir ns to a^ree
to a positive article on the subject ; btit, the leiist she eonld
demand was that we should si^n a provisional article nd-
miltingthe principal subject to the ratifioatioii of our^ov.
ei'iimeiit ; so that, if it should be ratitied, the treaty shoutd
take eBect ; and, if not, that it should be null and void ; on
our assent or refusal to adui't such an article wonid depend
the continuance or suspension of the ne^ociation. f« <-wi

As we had represented that the proposition made by
them, on that subject, wa.^ not sufficiently explicit, their
governmenl had directed them to g-ive us every necessary
explanation, and to state distinctly the basis which must
be considered us an indispensable preliminary.
^*' It was 'A sine qua non that the Indians should be includ-
ed in the paciHcution, and, as incident thereto, that the
boundaries of their territory should be pemiaitentiy estab-
lished. Peace with the Indians was a subject so simple,
as to require no comment. With respect to the bounda-
ries which was to divide their territory from that of the U.
%States, the object of the British a^overnmeiit was, that the
Indians should remain as a permanent barrier between our
•western settlements, and the adjacent British provinces, to
prevent them from being" conterminous to each other: and
that neither the U. States, iiorG. Britain, should ever here-
after have the right to purchase, or acquire any part tif the
territoiy thus recognized, as belonging to the Indians.—
With regard to the extent of the Indian territory, and llic
boundary line, the British government would propose llie
lines of the Greenville treaty, as a proptr basis, subject,
however, to discussion and inoditications.

APPKNDI^t

dIS

fit

VTe Nintrd Ihnl the Tnilian terrilorv, arcon^inir to thnte
lin^, would comprpheiitl a frreat niitnlKT of AiuencHn rili-
7fii< ; not lesK, |)€>rha|>M, than a iHindred thouMuiul : and
asked, what was the iiitetttion nfthe British GToveriiineiit
ifsppcfiii^ them, and under whose gfovefnment tl ey would
fiill ? It wafl answered that thosv setllenieutH would lie tak>
en into consideration, when the line l>ec:iine a subject of
d.srussion ; hut that such of the inhabitants, as would ulti-
mntcrv he included wilhin the Indian territory, must make
their own arrang;emei»ts an<l provide forlhemselvos.

l*he Kritish commissioners here said that, considerintr
the nnporlanco of the question \\r \vm\ to <lecide, (thai of'
ajrn'ein^ir lo a i rovisional articlf) tln^ir novernmcnt had
tlioo^ht it right, that we should also he fully informed of
itH vi^s, with respect to the proposed revision of the
boundary line, tictweeu the dominions of G. Britain and
the U. States.

1st. Experience had proved that the joint possession of
the lakes, and a ri«rht conmion to both nations, to keep up
a naval force on them, necessarily produced collisons, and
rendered peace insccnre. AsG. Britaui could not be sup-
posed to ex;)ect to make conquest in that quarter, and as
that province was essentially weaker than the U. States^
nnd exposed to invasion, it was necessary, for its security,
that G. Britain should require that the U. States should
hereafter keep no armed naval force on the Western Lakes,
from Lake Ontario to Lake Superior, both inclusive ; that
they should not ei-ect ai'V fortified or military post or estab-
lishmetit on the shores oT those lakes ; and that they should
not maintain ihose which were already existmg. This
must, they said, be considered as a moderate demand, smce
G. Britain, if she had not disclaimed theiidention of any in-
crease of territory, mij^hl with propriety have asked a ces-
sion of the adjacent American shares. The commercial
navigation and intercourse wouM be Lit on the same footmg.
as heretofore. It *\nn expressly stated, (in answer to a
question we asked,) that, G. Britain was to retain the right
of having an armed naval force on those lakes, and of hold-
ing military posts and estahlishments on their shores.

2. The bouiwlary line west of Lake Superior, and thence
to the Mississipi, to be revtseda-id the treaty right of G.
Britaiiv to the navigation o| the Mississipi, to he continued,..

E'f

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814

APPCVDIX.

If'i

VVben ask«(l, whether lliev did not mean the Hue frotn the
Liikeonhu VV<M>ftM to the MiKBitMipi, the HritiNh coinmis-
i.ont ri« re|M>uted that thty meant the line frotn lake ^upe.
rior« to that river.

9. A <lirM't communication from Halifax and the ^o-
vhice uf NeW'DrunMWirk to Quebec, to be secured to h.
Bi'ilaiti In answer to our qiieHtiuik, in what manner this
wtiD^tube ertVcled, we wt-re told that it muHt be done by a
ttesKion to G. Britain of that portion of the distrct of iVIainc-
fin the stale of MaKsachuNflls) which intervenes betwi^en
^lew• Brunswick and Q,uebtc», a^>d pi'event» that direct
coinnuinicatiun. /.,..,,. ;. • .>.,

^t Kevertiitu^ to the proposed pro? iftonal article, respectino^
the Indian paritication and boundary, the BnUsh com-
niiHsionoi'H concluded bv stating to »k, thai if llie conferen-
ces .shouli! be sns))ended by our refusal to agree to such an
aiiicle, without having obtained further inhtructions from
our government, G. Britain would not coiistder her.selt
buiiiui to abide by the lerniN which siie now ofi'ered, bui
Would be at liberty tovarv and ngniult- her demands to-
curding to stu.\ie(|^uent events, and III such matiuer as the
stsiteuf the wurjiit the time of renewing the negociation,
miglit warrant.

We asked wlKther the statement made, respecting pro-
posed revision of the boundary line between the U. State^^
and the donnnions ot G. Britain, embraced all the objects
she meant to U'lng forward for discussion, and what were,
particiilurly, her views with respect to Moose Island, aiui
such other islands in the bay of Passamaqiiaddy, as had
be^f) III. our posseosion till the |>resent war, but had bee»
lately ,taptured i' We were answered, that those Islands be-
longing. of right, to G. Britain, (as much so, one of the cor.i-
missioiiers said, as Noi'thaniptoushire,) lliey would certain-
ly l>e k«pt by her, and .were nel, even au(>posed to be an ob-
jerrt of discussion.

From the ti>rcible mwuier in which the demand, that the
XJ. Slates shiuiti keep no naval armed force on the lakes,
nor any military post on their shores, has been brought for-
ward, we were it>duced to inquire whether this^ condition
IV as also meant as a &ine qua uon ? To tUis>the British coni-
ntissioners declined giving a positive answer. They said
Uial they had been 'iuiihciently explicit; that they hud given

APPFXDIX.

S15

w one sine qua non, and when wc lisu) (liA|K>«e<l of that, it
wuH (I lit' 1(11 L eiioutifli to ^ive ns an utiNwer an lu anolSuT.

We then nt ted liiat, coiiNulennic tiie nalnre at>d uitpor-
tOMce ot th<> cunininiiication made ihiN day, ue u \ei\ the
British comiinMsioiuTN to reduce the ir |)ro|>osalH to wntnig',
belore we ^n\e them an answer ; thm ihey au^reed to, and
proinitied to Nend ns an otiirial note withont dehiy.

We need hardly say that the deniandA uf G. Britain will
receive from us an unannnous an<l deei<le<l nejjative. We
do not deem itneressary to detam the John Adams for liie
purpose of transtriittin^ to you the ofticial notes which m ly

!)ass on the Nuhjoct and close the ne«;ociation. And we
lave felt it our duty immediately to apprize yon, \>y this-
hasty, but coriett sketcli of our laitt conference, that there
it) not at present, a.y hope of peace. > ; ' > s'

We have the honor to he, .Sec.
JOHN a ADAMS, I 11. CLAY,
J. A. BA YARD, | JONA. KUSSELL.
iv > A. G ALLATIM,

Note of the British commissioners. (Ileceived after the
above letter was written.) '<

The undersigned, Plenipoteiitiares of hiti Britannic majes-
ty, do themselves the honor of acquainting the Plenipoten-
tiaries of the CJ. States, that they have aommuntcated to
their court the result of the conference which diey had the
honor of holding with them upon the 9th insl. in which
they stated, that they were unprovided With any Sjiecific in-
structions, as to comprehending the Indian nations in a trea-
ty of peace to be made with G. Britain, and as to defining a
boundary to the Indian territory.

The undersigned are instructed to acquaint the Plenipoten-
tiaries of the U. States, that his majesty's government hav-
ing at the outset of the negociation, with a view to the spee-
dy restoration of peace reduced as far as possible the number
of points to be discussed, and having professed themselves
willing to forego on some important topics any stipulation
to the advantage of G. Britain, cannot but feel some surprise
thiit the government of the V . States should not have fur-
nished their Plenipotentiaries with instruetions upon thos«>
points which could hardly fad to come under discussion.

'!i

■','-■ 'I

ikPFENlHX.

)fv

',1 ■

Under the inaliility of lli(> AuicrivHii |Meiii|iuleiiliuricf,
to coiicluclc any tirlicle ii|)Uii llu siiUjert ol liuiiiiii |>anti.i.
tioii mid Indian Ixnindury, whicli nJiidl bind llic ((ovcrit-
ment ol'lht' U. Slates, his niiijt-slN'H government cuniti^v
that they rannut give a better jMuof ol' their Hincere <Usiie
for the restoration of peace, tl;a!i by |n'oi'eh.<*iiitf their wdbi^-
nesM to accept a |>rovi8ional article npon lhu!>e iieads, ni lliu
ev^ntof Ihe Aniencao Pienipott (kliariescon.sidering' them-
selves anihorized to accede to the general prineipl^H, upon
>vliich such an arlii U> ou<;hl to be founded. With a view
to enable thi* American FlenipotetitiarieK to decide, how
far the coneiuM on of such an artich; is within the hinit of
their g^eneral discretion, the uudersig^ned are directed to
Aate, fully and distinctly^ tlie basis upon which alone G.
Britain sees any prospecl of advautaj^e in the contuiuaucu
of I he negociations at the present time.

The undersigned have already had th? honor of s^'^ling
to the American Ptenipotentiaries, thai m coiisidering the
points above referred to, sis a .<iinc qua nm of any treaty of
peace, the view of the British government is the perma-
nent tranquility and security of the Indian nations, aii4
the prevention of ihose jealousies and irritations, to which
the frequent alteration oi the Indian limits has heretofore
given rise.

For this purpose it is indisoensably neces^sary, that the
Indian nations who have been durntg ihe war in alliaure
witli G. Britain, should, at the termination of the war, bo
included n» the pacification. -• »,»» ^'viij Ui!! 1. a. m: .. ■
It is equally necessary, ihat a dttinite boundary should
be assigned to the I.;dians, and that the contracting par-
tu^s should g^iiaraotee the intt-g ity of their territory, by a
nmlual stipulation, not to acquire by purchase, or other-
wise, any territory within the speciiied limits. Tne British
government are willing to take, as the basis of an article
on this subject, those stipulations of the treaty of Greenville,
subject to ni(»diiicalions, which relate to a boundary tine.

As the undersigned are desirous ol staling every point
in connection with the subjt ct, which may reasonably in-
fluence the decision of the American Plenipotentiaries in
the extrcise of their discretion, ihey avail themselves of
' this opportUiiity to repeat what they already stated, thai G.
Britain desires the rev ision of the trontjer between her

AiPPRIfDfX.

North AiiK'ricsin (iumiiiUMin and Ummo of llu I .^tiit»s
iiul wiUn any view lu lui ur(|UiNitiuii oflurntory, an Niirli,

Iml i'oV illC pUriH»M^ of MiVUrillg bcr |MMMl'MIUIMh UllJ \wv

Tlu' lintiNb KovcriiiiieiU, coiifiiUer Uio Itken from Inke
Ontario to lakf Suiierior, botii iikIumivv, to !•« the natural
military frontier of the BriliMh poNMewtioaJi in North Ame-
rica. Am the weaktr (Hiwer on the North American con-
tinent, tiic leant capsihle of actinii; oUeinttvely* and ilie most
c\|K>!ie<l to gmlden iiivaftioiiN, (i. Britain coiiNiderN llie mili-
tar\ occo|mtion of thi'iie lukeM um ncccNNary to the wecnrity
of her duiuniions. A bonndary line equally dividing^ thefte
waters, with a rit;ht to each nation to arm, bulh upon the'
Iake8 and upon their MlnircN, im rtilcrnidted to create a con-
test for naval aHcendancy in peace iis well vm in war. The
power which occupicti tlieite lakes should, an a necessary
result, have the military occupation of both shores.

In ifurtherance of this ol>|«cl the British government :»
prepared to propose a boundary. But as this might be
miHConstructed as an intention to extend their possession*
to the southward of the lakes, which is by no meana the.
object they have in view, they are disposed to leave the ter-
ritorial limits undisturbed, and as incident to them, the
free commercial navigation of the lakes, provided that ihe
American government will stipulate not to maintain or
construct, any fortifications upon, or within a limited dis-
tance ot the shores, or maiutain or construct any armed ves-
sel upon the lakes in question, or in tlie rivers which empty
themselves into the simie.

If thiscan be adjusli'd, there will then remain for dis-
cussion the arrangement of the north western boundary
between lake Superior and the Mississtppi, the free uavi^^a-
tion of that river, and smh a vacation ol the line of fi-outier
as may secure a direct coaimunication between dtnebec
and Halifax.

I'he undersigned trust, that the full statement wliich
they have made of iht; views and «tb|ects of the British
government in requiring the paciHcatioii of the Indian na-
tions, and a perniatient limit io tlieir ternlories, will enable,
the Amencun Plenipotentiaries to conclude a provisional
article upon the b.isisai.ove stated. Should th.'v feel il
necessary to rtier to Uie ^uvernmcllt of the U. Slates for

ai9

AprrNDtx.

1 ,

,1,

; [

further in«4tnif»inn«,t1.^ iiiiflenisrn^d f*»H it inenmhent up-
on tlic'in lu acq'iuiiit \hc American Pieiii|M>teiilitirien, that
th'- j^rtver ment tanViot lie |>n!rluHe«i by nriy tliinjif llint lian
puMsrii li'Diii Mtrviii)f thctriiiiH at |)r«'N«nt proposefl, in Niich ?i
maiiiuf, UM the »t§le ol tvHf, nt the time of refumiintj^ Ihr
en ♦crfiires ni«^ mi ihetr jndjEjrmeiit renrlei* nilvinnble.

The MiiilerMigiifd avail themselveM of Ihrfi orcMision to
renew to thr P't»*m|»ole.tiian«'« of the I J. iStateM, the avsnr-
ance uf their high consideration.

Ghent, Avgvsl 10, \^\A.

W. ADA MS.

■■* I

•ij

The Amnican to the Hritish Commissioners.

GriGNT, An^uMl 24, 1814.

The nnderai^ned minimterH pU riipotentlary nnd exiiaor*
d'mary from the LTinled Stalen of America, nave given to
the oflicial note ivhich tht?y have hail the honor of ree(»ivinrr
from his Britannic miijeAty's PltMiipotentianes thedcliher.
ate attention which the im|iortHiice of its coiitent» required,
and have now that of trunNmitting to them their answer
on the several points to which it referr^.

They would present to the consideration of the British
Pieiiipoteiitiaries that lord Castlereag'h, in his tetter of the
4th of Novemlicr 1813, to the American Secretary of State,
pledges the faith of the British gt>vernment th.it *the} were
willing to enter into discussion with the government of
America for the conciliatory adjustment of tlie diiVerenres
subsisting between the two states, with an earnest desire on
their part to bring them to a favorable issue, upon princi-
ples of perfect reciprocity, not inconsistent with the estab-
lished maxims of public law, and the maritime ri<rhts of the
British empire.' This fact alone might suffice to shew,
that it ought not to have been expected tiiat the American
government, in acceding to this proposition, should have
exceeded its terms, and furnished the undersigned with in-
structions authorising them to treat with the British Pleni-
potentiaries respecting Indians situated within the bounda-
ries of the U. States. Thiit such expectation was not en-
tertained by the British government might also have been
inferred from the explicit assurances which the Biitish

AlfUftM^U-

ait

' It llH

lMeui|H>ieivtiai'le9 ^uve, ou Uie purl of tlo^ic fCov«rnmcnt» «|
tlu; tirnl coiifiTvitce u liicb Uiv umlk.rMg^m'U luul Uk) liouor
uf hoiiiiDii; wiUk tiiviii, llml oo ev«uiU, »'UNift'4|UieuitollMlinti
()ro|>oNul tut- lliift uegoc lilt ion, huU* iu ^aijr MA^imcr, varied
« iltiur Uk* il4.s|)OiuUoii ut' ibc tiritisji ^uyvmuitiiit, that it
III > gill Icnjiiaultt in h |>eucc lioiiui'^blv, U> ,Uolh |mriit>H« or
Uic U.riijs iiijoii which ihey would hi' wilUw)|^lu conclude it.

ll iH well kuown UiuL lliu tlidrreitcey |whit'h unhappily
:>iib.ti<>l l>el\«t:i'U G. Bi'itaiii anil Ihe U StatcN* and, wliicu
ulliuialcly led lo lh« preM'nl war, weru wholly of u maritime
nature, arisiMi;- principally from lite UritiHli Orders in Cuun-
cil, in relation »> blockude.s uiid from the impre.sitnient of
uiunncr.<t from onboard of American vetiseU. — The bouu--
dary of ihe Indian territory had never been a »iibject of
dilKrencti In'lweeii ihe two couiitriev. ?(cilher the priiici-
pli'ii of reciprocity, the uia\iui» of (uiblic law, nor the mari-
time rifj^hUof the British eiiipure, could reouire ihe perma-
nent eslabliithuu'nt of »ucli a boundary. The novel |)re-
teiisioitii now advanced couid no more have been anticipat-
ed by the govenup^Mii of ihe U. States, in formings instruc-
tions for this negociation, than they srem to have been con-
templated by tliat of G. Bril.Mii in November last, in pro-
posing it. Lord Castlereagirs note luukes the termination of
the war to d^^pend on a conciliatory adjustment of the dif-
ferences then subsisting between tl^te two stales, and in no
other condition whatever. ^ ,^, , ,^1 i.r„jfl.4f*>>..;y I i.i= .i*i

Nor could the Auierican government nave foreseen that
G. Britain in order to obtain peace for the Indians, residing
within the doiuinioiis of the U. Stales, whom she had in-
duced t(^ laki: part with her in the war, would demand that
tiiey should be maile parties to the treaty between the two
nations, or that the boundaries of their lands >ihould be per-
manently and irrevocably tixed by that treaty^. Such a
proposition is contrary to the acknowledged principles of
public law, and the practice of all civilized nations, particu-
larly of G. Britain and of the U. States. It is not founded
on reciprocity. It is unnecessary for the atUunmeni of the
ol>ject which it professes to have in view. k ,^-^u ;

^o maxim of public law has hitherto been more univer-
sally established amuug the powers of Europe possessing
territories in America, and there is none to which G. Bri-
tain has more uniformly and inflexibly adhered, than that

,|'lil

i •

i
i

'nf

920

Ai^ncNorx.

t*,

.u-i

of Mift'erin^ no interposition of a fur^-igii power in therplH-
lions bplwecnthe acknowlfydg^cd soverfig^n of ihe lerritorv,
and the Indinivt sitnikted upon it. Without the admission
of this pritinpl«, (here woiih^ he no intellig^ihle nieaniiitr
attached to stipiHtdiotis cstuMishinti^ boundaries l^etweiMi
file dominions in America, of civilized nations possessinc^
lerrilories inhabited by Indian tribes. — Whatever may l»e
the relations of Indians to the nation in whose tcrntorv
they are thusacknowted^edto res de, they cannot be con-
sidered as an inde|>endent power by the nation which has
made such acknowledc:ment. ' . »j»j<i'» | ii^Mf.rM

The territory of which G. Britain wishes now to dispose,
is within the dominions of the IJ. Slates, was solemn'' ;ic-
knowled«»ed by herself in the treaty of peace of 178:),
which est-.iblished their boundaries, and by which she re-^
linquished nil claim to the jrcvernment, propriety, and ter-
ritorial rights within these boundaries. No condition res-
pecting^ the Indians residing therein, was inserted in that
treaty. No stipulation similar to that now proposed is to
be fonnii in any treaty made by G. Britain, or within llic
knowledge of the undersigned, by any olher nation.

The Indian tribes for which G. Britain proposes now to
stipulate, have, Ihemselves, acknowledged this frincip e.
By the Greenville treaty of 1795, to which the British
plenipotentiaries have here alluded, it is expressly stipulat-
ed, and the condition has been confirmed bv every suhse-
quent treaty, so late as the year 1810, 'That the Indian
tribes shull quietly enjoy their lands, hunting, planting, and
dwelling thereon, so l'>ng as they please, without any mo-
lestation from the U. States: but that when those tribes,
or any of them, shall be disposed to sell (heir lands, tliey
shall be sold only to the V, States : that until such s-.ile,
the U. States will protect all the said Indian tribes in the
quiet enjoyment of their lands against all citizens of tlte
U. States, and against all other white persons who intrude
on the same, and that the said Indian tribes again acknuwl-
edge themselves to be under the protection of the said
U. Slates, and of no other power whatever.'

That there is no reciprocity in the pro|)Osed slipulaliou
is evident. In prohibiting G. Britain and the Ll. SLites
from purchasing lands within a part of the dominiotis ot
the latter power, while it professes to lake from G. Biituin

APPENDIX.

921

A privilege uhirh she had not, it actually deprives the
U. Sillies of a ri«;ht exclusively belouginir to lliein.

TheprupoNJiioii is utterly unitecesiiary for the pur|>o.seof
obl-.iiitiiig a paciticaliuii for the Indians residinjE^ within the
li iTilorieM ot" the IT. Slates. The undersipied have already
had the honor of infurinin^ the British Plenopolenliaries,
that, under the system of liberal policy adopted by the
U. Slates in their relations with the Indian* within their
ttrritores, an uniiiterrnpled peace had subsisted from the
sear 1795, not on'y helx^een the U. States and all those
li il>cs, tiiil also amongst ihose tribes themselves for a lon-
o^i}' period of time than ever had been known since the Arst
scllit nieitt of Norih America. Against those Indians the
IT. Slates hue luillier inlirest nor inclination to continue
the war. They have nothing to ask of them but peace.
Commissioners oil their part have been ap, ointed to coii-
clude tl, and an armistice was actu.dly made last autuma
with most of those tribes. I'he British government may
asfaiii have induced some of them to take their side in the
war, but peace wi h them will necessarily follow immedi-
ately a peace with (i. Britain. To a provisional article
similar to what has been stipulatetl in some former treaties,
eniraging that each party will treat for the Indians within
its territories, include them in the peace, and use its best
endeavors to prevent them from committinghostilitieH against
the citizens or subjects of the other parly, the undersigned
might assent, and rely on the approbation and ratification
of their government. They would also fortite purpose of
securing the duration of peace, and to prevent collisions
which might interrupt it, propose a stipulation which
should preclude the subjects or citizens of each nation, res-
peclively,from trailing with the Indians residing within the
territory of the other. But to surrender both the rights of
sovereignly and of soil over nearly one third of the territorial
dominions of the U. Slates to a num!)er of Indians not
probably exceeding twenty thou.sand, the undersigned are
so far from being instructed or authorized, that any ar-
ranivemeiit for that purpose would be instantaneously reject-
ed by their governmeint.

Not only has this extraordinary demand been made a
-liie qua non, to be admitted without a discussion, and as
^ preliminary basis; but it is accompanied by uthent

I'll

iniii

i n

S22

APPKNUIX.

i ■ '

'yilf

cqnallv iiin(liiin»ible, which the British Plenipolenliano
state to lie so connected with it, that they may reasoiiahlv
influence the decision of theutiders'g'ned upon it, yet leav-
ing; Uuni uninformed how far these other demands may
also be insisted on as indispcUMable conditions of a |)eace.'

As little are the undersisfiied instructed or empowered to
accede to ihe propositions of the British government, in re-
lation to the military occupatitMi oM he western lakes. If
they hav(* found the proposed interference of G. Britain in
the concerns of Indians residing; within the U. Stales ut-
terly iiicompaiible with any established maxim of public
law, they are no less at a loss to discover by what rule of
perfect reciprocity the U States can be reijuired to renounce
their equal rij^ht of maintaining- a naval force upon those
hikes, and of fortify inti;- their own shores, while (j. Britain
lieserves exclusively the corresponding riji^lits to herself.
That in point of military preparation, G. Brilani in he »• pos-
sessions in North America, ever has been in a condition to
be termed, with propriety, the weaker power in compari-
son with the U. Slates, ihe undersigned believe to be incor-
rect in point of fact. Innji^'ard to Ihe forl.rtcation of the
i)ihores, and to the forces aoliially kt^pt on foot upon thos<
frontiers, they Iwlieve the superiority to have always beeiv
on the side of G. Britain. If the proposal to dismantle the
forts upon tier shores, strike for ever her military A'Ajj; upon
her lakes, and lay her whole frontier defenceless in the pre-
sence of ln;r armed and fortified neighbor, had proceeded
not from G. Britain to the U. States, but from the U. Stales
to G. Britain, Ihe undersigned may safely appeal to lli«:
bosoms of his Britannic majesty's Plenipotentiaries for the
feelings with winch, not only in rey^ard to the inleresls, but
the honor of their naiion, they would have received such a
proposal. What would G. Britain herself say, .if in rela-
tion to another frontier, where she has the acknowledged
superiority of strength, it were proposed that she should be
reduced to a condition even u* equality wilh IheU. Stales.

The untlers<gned further perceive that under the aliedi^-
ed purpose oi" opening a direct coinmuuicalion between
two of the British provinces in Awierica, the British gov-
ernment require a cession of territory forming a part of one
of the stales of the American union, and that they pmpose.
without purpose specitically aliedgcd, to draw the boundarv

JkPPKNDIX.

line westward, not from the l.>ke of llto \Voo<1s, as it now
ifi, but Ironi lake Su|UTior. It niiisl In* j»erltHtly »nnnalenal
to llie I'. Stairs, **l!ctln r the oi jrot of the British iio\»'rn-
nietit, ill (leniandiiijL!; the disiiuinht riiu-iit ol the V . Stiiten
is to acquire terntorv, as such, or lor |mrj)osi's l»'-»s hahle,
ill the eves ol the world, to he ascnhod to the«tesire of a*;^-
«xra.i<lizeiuei»t. Whatever tlie motive iiiav he, and with
whatever consisteiicv views of conqiiost may be disclaimed,
while demaiidiiiiT for hei'self, or for Ihc Indians, a cession
of lirntory more extensive thaii the whole island of Great-
Britain, the duly marked out for the iu»dersij»ned is the
s;ime. They have no authority to cede any part of the ter-
ritory of the U. Stales, and to no slipuialion to that eflect
Mill they subscribe.

Tlie conditions proposed by G. Britain have no relation
to the subsisting: diil'erences between the two countries :
they are inconsistent withacknowledg-^d pTinciples of pnl>-
lic law ; they are foundwl neither on reciprocity nor on any
of the usual bases of ne<rociation, neither on that oi'ultipos-
sidetis, or of status antebellum : they would inflict the most
vital injury on the U. States, by dismendierii:"' their
territory, by arresting^ their natural growth and in-
crease of population, and by leaving* their northern and
western frontier equally exposed to British invasion and to
Indian agfgression ; they are, above all, dishonorable to the
U. Slates, in demanding from them to abandon territory
and a portion 4>f their citizens, \o admit a foreign interfer-
ence in then- domestic concerns, and to cease to exercise
their natural rights on their own shores and in their own
waters. A treaty concluded on such terms would be but
an armistice. It caimot l>e supposed that America would
long submit to conditions so injurious and degrading, ft
is impossible, in the natural course of events, that she should
not, at the Hist favorable opportuiuty, recur to arms, for t^ie
recovei*y of Jier territory, of her rights, of Jier honor. In-
stead of settling existing difl'erences, such a peace would
only create new causes of war, sow the seeds of a perma-
nent hatred, and lay the foundation of hostilities for an in-
(leridite period.

Essentially pacific fn>m her political institutions, from
the habits of her citizens, from her physical situation, Ame-
rica reluctantly engaged in the war. ;:^he wi^•hes for

1!'

'' Vf;

.-■-h

'-'

a2i

APPENDIX.

!!i

■i.

pt'noe ; but hlu* wishes f«M' il n|M>ii llmsc lenus of recipru
cily, huiioraltU; to both rountnrs, wliuh can alone iviukr it
pei'iiiaiK'iil. TlHMMUsc'Ncit'liie war lietwceii tl)(^ V. J5l.»Us
a.Ml G. BrilaiM hivni^ disapiuiirt'd by liie maritiino |)ac;tl-
calioii ol Europe, the g*»vt niineiil ol the V. Slates <loejj
notdeKue to coiitiaue il, in dei'ence of abslract pnncipUs,
vhcli bavt tor (he present, coast'd lo have any practical
ettecl. Tlie uiidersiuned have been aecordin^ly uiMtrnct-
e lo agree lo its termination, bolli parlies restoring \vh;'t-
cver territory they may have taken, and Ijolb reserving alt
tlieir righu, ni rehtlion to their resj'eclive seamen. To
make the peace between the two nahons solid and pernia.
ne t, the undersignei: were also instructed, and iiave been
prepared to enter into the nto.sl air.icable discussion ot all
those points on which diB'erences or nnierluinty had exist.
ed, and which might hereafter tend in any degree whatev-
er to iuterrupl the harmony of the two countries, without,
however, making the conclusion of ihe peace at all depend
upon a successful result of the discussion.

Il is, therefore, with deep regret, that the undersign ed
have seei4^thut other views are entertained by the British
government, and that new and unexpected pretensions are
raised, which, if persisted ui, must oppose an insuperable
0* acle to a pacification. It is not necessary to refer such
demands to the American government for its instru-'tion.
They will only be a fit subject of deliberation, when it be-
comes necessary to decide upon the expediency o^' an abso-
lute surrender of national independence.
, The undersigned request the British Plenipotentiaries
to accept the assnranc»€ of their high .iteem.
, . JOHN a ADAMS, , JON A. RUSSELL,
J. A. BAYARD, A. GALLATIN.
, H. CLAY,

.* -

The British to the American Commissioners.

GHhNT, Hepl. 4, 1814.
The undersigned have the ho. tor to acknowledge the
receipt of the note of the Americaii Plenipotentiaries, dated
ihe 24th ultimo.

It IS with unfeigned regret that the undersigned observe,
both in the tone and sulistancQ of the whole note, so little
pro«if of any disposition on liiC part of the government of
the IJ. istates to euler into aa amicable discussion of the

APPENDIX.

a-i^

* 1

jnipolentiaries

!»everal |>oiiit!4 sulun lied by liie uiulerHi^iii>d in llu ir foruier
CDiMiiiiiii calioii. Tlie iiiicUrtii^iit'd are |Hrtecll) iiware,
tli.il r.t briii;^iiiir t'ui'v\aril liiuM^puiiiU tor cuiisuleralion and
studii^ tviUi su much truukiifsk, UK tlK-\ did, ilie vieN^ttwilh
\«liiCii Ihty wt-re prupoNtd, ihes de|>arli>d truiii the utiual
coiir:ie ui itegwciuliiig, by dischikiui* all the oltjeiUof their
«ruverauieiil, v\hile those which titt: Auiericuii ||roveriiuienl
h.iu 111 vievi' were withheld: but in su doing they u-ere
])nitct|)a'ily acluuted by a des re ot briojrnig the negocia*
ttoii as sou I as poitsib e to a lavorai>le tfiuiiiiatioiit and ia
some iiieaHiii'c by ttieir willii>gness lu couiply ^^ith the \»i8h-
QH expressed by iht AMierican PteiiipoteiitiarieM theiiiMelves.
It I!* perlectly true that the war belueeu his majesty and
the U. States, was dectaied by the lalter power upon the
pretence ol uiaritiuie nghlH aiiedged to be asserted by G.
Britain, and disputed by the IT. States.

It the war thus ueclared by the U. Stales had been car-
ried o . by tlieni tor objecls purely ut' a niaritinie nature, or
if the attack wh.cli has been made on Canada liad been tor
the purjKise oi diversion, or Die way of defence agiiiiibt the
British forces in that quarter, any question as to Uie boun-
daries ot Canada, might have been considered as unneces-
sary ; but it IS notorious to the whole world that the con-
quest of Canada, and its permanent annexation to the Ur
Slates, was the declared object of the American govern-
ment, if in consequence of a difit reat course of events ou
the coiitinent cf Europe, his majesty's government had
been unable to reinforce the British armies in Canada, and
the U. Slates had obtained a decided superiority in that
quarter, is there any person wiio doubls that they would
have availed themselves of then* situation to obtain on the
side ui Canada important cessions of territory, if not the enf ^
tire i.baiidonnient of that country by G. Britain? Isthe>
American governm*:'nt to bt: allowed to p^irsue, so far as
its mea.fS will enable it, a system of acquisition and agfgraik-
dizement to the extent uf annexing entire provinces to tb Mr
doiiiinioMS, and is liis majesty to be precluded from avail-
ing himself of his means, so far as they will enable him, to
relaiu. those points which the valor of British arms may
have placed in his power, because they happen to be situat-
ed w ithin the territories allotted under former treaties to
jlhe jy^oveniiuetit of the U. States?

I i ■

«.

1^'

-it

rtr;'-? ^i

^»i

APPENDIX.

Stirli a princi^ile of iiesroclalion was neviM* avowixl nntc-
cedf'iit to that ottlierevohitionurv ai-ovenimeiil o» Fuiiiri'.

ii'Jhe policy of the IT. Stjiles h-.ui heeii eMseiitiallv psi-
cific, UH the American I'JeiiipolenliiineM asstrt it ou^ht to
be, fmiii their political iii^titutiois, irom iiu' hahits of their
citizens, and from their physical situation, it ini«;ht not have
been necessary to propo!<u^ the precantioiiary jiruvisions imvv
under (iiNciissioii. That, of late years at least, the Ameri-
can i^overnmcnl have been intinenced hy a very diffnt'iit
policy: by aspiril of aj^i^randizenieiit not necessarv to their
own security, but increasin-jf with the exleist of their em-
pire, has been too clearly nianifrsled l)y their progressive
occupation of the Indian territories ; by the acquisition of
Louisiana : by the more recentattempt to wrest by force of
arms from a nation in amity, the two Fluridas : and, lastly,
by the avowed intention of permanently annex'ng tlie Can-
adas to the U. States.

If, then, the security of the British North American do-
minions requires any sacrifices on Ihe patt of the (J. States,
they must be ascribed to the declared policy of that govern-
ment in making the war not one of self defence, nor tor the
redress of grievences, real or pretended, but a part of a sys-
tem of conquest and aggrandizement.

The British government in its present situation, is bound
in duty to endeavor to secure its North American domin-
ions ag tinst those attempts at conquest, which the Ameri-
can government have avowed to be a principle of their
policy, and which as such will undoubtedly be renewed,
whenever any suc< ceding war between the two countries
shall afford a prospect of renewing them with success.

The British P/enipotentiaries proposed that the military
possesion of the lakes, from lak«i Ontario to lake Superior,
should be securt d to G. Britain, Kecaiise the command of
those lakes would afford to the American government the
meaiisof commencing a war in the heart of Canada, and
because the comtnaiidof them, on the part of G. Britain,
has tteen shown by experience to be attended with no inse-
curity to the U. Stales. « i; m; pj ,. ..,-.,

When tlio rehitive strength of the two powers in North
America is considered, it should be recollette<l that the
British dominions in th.it quarter do not contain a popiila-
lio'.i of five hun<lred liiousaud souls, whereas the territory of

APPENDIX.

827

ihe V. Slrttes conLiins a popnialion of more ihan seven mil*
lions ; ^•liat ihc iiavul rt'sourccs of iho IT. Slalts are at hand
for nllack, and lliat the naval reHonrct'Si of G. Britain arc on
the other side i>t the Atlantic.

The niiliturv |H)ssesMoo of those lakes is not, therefore*
ijeees)iiary for the proleclion of the V. Stales.

The proposal fiii* allowini;' ll>e territories on the sonlhern
biHiks of the lakesalK)\e meniioned to remain in the pos-
M'ssion of the «rovernment of the U. Slates, provided no
forlitieulions t>honld he erected on the shores, and no arma«
nient permitted on the waters, has been matle, for the pur-
pose of manifestinir, that security and not accpiisition of the
terntory islheol)je<^l ofthi British government, aitd that they
have no desire to llirow ohstacles In the way of any com-
nit'ree which the people of the ('. Slates may L>c desirous
of carryiii<; on upon Ihe lakes in time of peace. .

The undersii>'ned, with the anxious wish to rectify all
misuuderstaiidini*', have thus more fully explamed the
gi*4)unrls upon which they broui^ht forward the propositions
contained in their former note respt^ctm;^ the boundaries of
the British dominions in North America.

They do p.ot wish to insist upon tliem beyond what the
circumstaiHtes may fairly recpiire. Tluy are ready, amica->
bly to discuss the details of them with a view to the adop-
tion of any modifications which the American Plenipoten-
liaiies, or theirgoverunnnt, may have to suggest, if they are
not incompatible with the object itself.

With respect to the boundary of the district of Maine,
and that of the north westf^rn frontier of theU. Slates, the
Miidersigned were not prepared, to anticipate the objections
coiilained in Ihe note of [\ie American Plenipotentiaries,
' that they were instructed to treat for the revison of their
boundary lines,* with the statement which they have subse-
quently made, that they had no authority to cede any part,
however insigiiKicant, of the territories of the U. States, al-
though the proposal left it open to them to demand an
equivalent fur such cession either in frontier or otherwise.

The American Pienipotentiaries nmst be aware that the
boundary of the District of Muine has never been correctly
ascertained ; that the one asserted at pres'.Mit by the Ameri-
can govermuent, by which the direct communication be-
tween Halifax and Quebec becomes inlerrupttd, was ndl

i I:

I' :i

■' i;.

%^H

APPENDIX.

Ml conlom|»ljUion of ihe RriliNh Plenipolenliaries wlio ron.
chilled llie treHty ol ITH*'), siimI llisit llie t;r(iiler part ot' ilir
territory in qiu^ittioii in uotiially iiiiorcui u-il.

The iiiKh^rHi^iied are |ier<>iia(itMi thut an arran^eineitl on
this point tiiigfiil he easily made, if eiit< red into with llie
8pirit of euiu:iliHtion, Without any prejudice to Uie inlerestin
of the district in qiiL'slion.

As the necessity of fixini^ .some houndnry for the north
western frontier lias heeii niutiially arknowtedii^fd, a projto.
Bal for adiMCUssinii on that suhjtcl cannot he eoDsidered as
a demand for a cession of lerntor\, unless Ihe IT. Stales
are prepared to assert that there is no limit to their teirito-
ries in that direction, and tliat availin<jf themselves oi the
geoj^raphical err.ir upon which th it part of the tivat\ ui
1783 was founded, they will acknowled«»e i.o houiwl iry
whaleviT, ihen nnquestioinihly any proposilum to fix one. I)f
it what it may, n-iust he considered as demanding- a hn^e
cession of territory from the U. States.

Is the American g-overnment pre|»ai;ed to assert such an
unlimited rit*;ht, so contrary to the evident intentio > of the
treaty itself? Or, is his majesty's government to understand
that the American Pleniptttentiariesnre willing to acknow-
ledge the boundary from the lake of the Woods to the Mis-
sissippi (the arrangement made by a cimveuiion in 1803,
but not ratified) as that by which their go\ eminent is ready
to abide ?

The British Plenipotentiaries are instructed to accept
favorably such a proposition, or to discuss any other line uf
boundary which may be submitted i'or consideration.

It is with equal astonishment and regret the undersign-
ed find that the American Plenipotentiaries have not only
declined signing any provisional article, by which the In-
dian nations who have taken part w.th G. Britaii« !:i the
present contest may be included in the peace, and n)ay
have a boundary assigned to them, but have also thought
p'.'oper to express surprise at any proposition on the sub-
ject having been advanced.

' The American Plenipotentiaries stftte, that their gov-
ernment could not have expected such a discussirin, and
api>ear resolved, at once, to reject any proposition on this
head ; representing it as a demand contrary to the acknowl-
edged principles of public law, tantamount to a cession o^

APPKNDIX.

829

»s wlio ron»
: |);ul (»l* Ihf

tto Willi !lie
lite iiilei't'slH

IP ihe north
feci, a |>ro|>o-
iMtsulered as
a U. Stales
ihiMi* teiTilo-
selves o< ihe
lUv trtat\ of
.() hum ul try
to tix out'. Iw
ding' u large

jsert sncli an
■iitio . of llie
,u iinderstniid
ir to ark now-
s lo the iM is-
ioii in l8U'i,
nent is ready

d lo accept

other I me of

jratioii.

eundersign-

ive not only

hich llie In-

ilaii? !:i the

?e, and n)ay

also thought

on the snb-

, ll^eir gov-
iiss'on, and
ition on this
he acknowl-
a cession o^

one ihird of the trrrilorial dominions of the I'. States and
riqniredto be adinilted without discuNHion.

The propoHilion whirh in IIuh represented i», that tlie
Indian nation.s, which have been durinsT ih*' v%ar in nlliaiice
with (i. Bnlttiii, shot*' * at its termiiiHtion be included in the
pacitie ttioii ; and Wtth a view to iheir pffrnianent tranquil-
it\ and security, that the British (government is willmt^ to
take as a basis of an atlicle on the subject of a boundary
fur those nations, the stipiilations which the American ^fov-
cnnnent contracted in 17U'>, subject, however, to moddica-
tioiis.

After the declaration, publicly made to those Indian
nal ions by Ihe (iovernor Gen. of Canada, that Ci. Britain
would not desert them, could the Anietican government
really persua<le itself that no proposition relating to those
nations would be advanced, and did lord Gistlereagh*s
note of the 4th Nov. 1810, imply so great a sacrifice of
honor, or exclude from iliscnssion every subject, except
what nnmediately related to the maritime questions refer-
red to in it ?

When the undersigned assured liie American Plenipo-
tentiaries of the anxious wish of the British government
that the negociation might terminate in a peace honorable
to both parties, it could not have been miagined that the
American Pleni;)otentiaries would thence conclude, that
his majesty's gnvenimei.t was prepared to abandon the In-
dian nations to their tate, nor could it have been foreseen
that the American government would have considered it as
derogatory to ds honor to adnut a proposition by which the
tranquility of these nations might be secured.

The treaty of (ireenvdie established the boundaries be-
tween the U. States and the Indian nations. The Ameri-
can Plenipotentiaries must be aware, tha' the war which
h.is since brc»ken out, has abrogated that iteaty. Is it con-
trary to the established principles of public law for the Bri-
tish government to propose, on behalf of its allies, that this
treaty, shall on the pacification, be considered subject to
such modifications as the case may render necessary ? Or
is it unreasonable to propose, that this stipulation should
be amended, and that on that foundation some arrange-
ment should be made which would provide for the exist-
eiueof a neutral power between G. Britain and the United

1'i

S30

APPENDIX.

■!

'».

.«,

' 1;
.-I

, I

;! ii

Slalen, cnlriilaled toMeciire to both a long^er contintnmce of
thf blrssinifs ot' peace ?

So far \va.H that sjXfciHr proposition rcR])Cclin^ the Indian
bonndsirti'N from t'jing insiNted U|>on in the note, or in the
conference which preceded it, tis one to be admitted with-
ont discnHNion, that it would have t)eeii ditiicuh to useternH
ofp^rcatir intilude, or which appeared nioie adapted, nut
only not to prechide bnt to invite d sciissiun.

If the basiM propo.se<l couhl convry away one third of the
territory of tl»e IJ. StatcK, the AnK^rican government itself
nuiMt have co>)veyed it away by the Gftenvdle treaty of
1795.

It is impossible to rend that treaty without remarking
how incooHislent the present pretensions of the Amenciin
government are, with it a preamble and provisions. Tiie
boundary line between the lands of the U. States and titose
of the Indian nations, is therein expressly defined. The
g-eneral character of t';e realy, is that of a treaty with inde-
pendent nations ; ami the very stiptdation which the Amer-
ican Plenipotenliaries refer to, that the Indian natiois
should sell their hinds only to tiie (J. States, teiids to prove
that, but for that stipulation, the Indians had a general right,
lo dispose of them. .;

The American government has now for the first time
li'i etiect, declared that all Indian nations within its line uf
demarkation are its subjects, living there upon suHerance,
on lands which it also claims the exclusive right of aeqnir-
ing, thereby menacing the iinal extinction of those natioii$(.

Against such a system the undersigned must iormallv
protest. The undersigned repeat, that the terms on whici>
the proposition has been made for assigning to the Indian
nations some boundary, manifest no unwillingness to dis-
cuss any other proposition directed to the same object, el-
even a modification of that which is offered. G. Britain is
ready to enter into the same engagements with respect to
the Indians living within her titie of demarkation, as thai
which is proposed to the {]. States. It can therefore, only
be from n complete misapprehension of the proposition,
that it can be represented as being not reciprocal. Neith-
er can it with any truth, be represented as contrary to the
acknowedged principles of public law, as derogatory to
th« honor, or iucousistent with the rights of the American

APPFNDIX.

«ai

ontinoance of

governnirtit, nor tk% a ucMiiaiitl rtM|iiirtMl lo be aiJmiUed

wiIIkmiI (IisCUHHIOII.

After this tiiilcxpoHilionot'tlie •KMitimeiiU of Iiim iiiiijeNty'ii
^oveniiiieiit uii the poiiiU »h«>vc HiMleil, il will in' tor Uie
American Ph'iii|»<iteiiliiirieN lu (U-U-riiiiiie w hrUier ihey are
rea<ly now to ioiitiiiiii* the iicufoeiulioii ; whether they aro
dis|Mise(i to ret'erto (heir ;4»veriiiiieol tor further iii.slniC'
tioiis ; or, lastly, whether ihey w>\\ take upon lhem»el\eH
the •eH)iou>itl>ihty ot'hre>ikiii:;oiVlhe ne^ociation altogether.
The underNi^iied requeNl the American t'lenipolentia-
ries to accept tlie asMuraiiceH of their hiufh roiiMideratioM.

(iAMHIKK,
ll.GOULBlJKN.
W. ADAMS.

The Ainei'imn to the Br i fish Cmnm'mouers,

(ill KNT, Sept. 9ih, 1814.

The uiiderNiirned have \vm\ the honor to receive the note
of hiM Britannic uiiijeM(y*H riei)ipol4.MiliarieMf dated the 4th
instant, if in the tone, or Huhs'ance of the former note of
the uiiderHiy^ned, tiie BrittNh coniiniNsionerM have perceived
hi'ie proof of any diNpoHition on the part of the American
(Government, for a diHcUMsion of home of the propoHitioiiH
advanced in the tirttt note, which the underNi^^ned had the
ho lOr of receiving' from them, they will nscnbe it to the
nature of the propoMitiouN theniHelveH, to their apparent io-
conipatihility with ilie aMsuranceN in lord CaHtleivatrirM let*
ter to the American secretary of state, propoHintr the ne-
p^ociation, and with the Noleuin aHsuraiices oi the Urilish
P.enipotentiarieH themselveM, to tike iinderniffned, at their
tirst conference with them.

The nndei'iii(^ned, in reference to an observation of the
Briti»in PlenipotentiarieM, must be allowed to say, that the
ol)jects which the j^overnment of tlie U. States had in view,
have not been withheld.

The subjects considered us suitable for discussion were
fairly brou|rht forward, in the conference of the 9lli ult.
and the terms on which the U. Slates were willing to con-
clude the peace, were fraikly and expressly dect.tred in
the note of the uiidersi{y;;ned, dated the 24th ultimo. It had
been contidently hoped that the nature of those ternn, so
evidently framed in a spirit of conciliation, would iiave

'K'

III

IP'

1^1

S99

APPKNDIX.

I! a\

i\^

> 1.1

, I i

II t

/ -»■

i ■

' (il

imiiircd (i. Hrilainto ndnpt lUem ntttltr li:iiiis of n trrntv ;
and il In with (K i-|> rc^rcl lli:it llicMiMi(>rsii>iir(l,it'i|itn Iia\e
ri|<;htl\ iiiiil('i'»tn(Ml the iiilmimii^ ot iIi«- laHt iiuh* of llic Bn-
tinh PifiiipoUniiiineN, |H>rniv4' lliiit \Uv\ ntill iiisiht oti llit*
ex<'liHivf> miiitnry |>oHN*>Nsifiii ol' I lie hikes, iiimI <mi ti pcrniii.
li< ril h«)iiii<)ary :iimI iiMh'peiidciit ttiTitnrv for the ImiiaiiH
rt'Hidiii^f within the doiiiiiiionN of Ihi^ V. Stales.

The HrHt (leiiuiiui '\h t^rouiuicd uu the siipiosilion, that
the Aiiiencan u^ovfriimeiit has nr.tiiifi mUmI. I>\ its proccnl-
uvj;h towaivl.s S|miii, hy tho Hrqii h lion of LouiMana, hv
the|HirciiaseH of Indian hiiiiiM, and hy an avowed ittteiitioii
of pernia.ently aiincxinp^ th<! Caiiatias to the V. St!i!«.s,
a spirit of ag^'ra^dlzt'mt'nl and roii(|tie.st, which jiistilii's
the demand ot extraordinary sacnfires from them, to pro.
ide for the security of tlie British possessions in America.

In observations which the niidersi<riied felt it their duty
t> make on the new demands of the Hi'iti>h ^overnnieiit,
theN coiitined their animadversionM to the nature of the de-
mands themselves ; they did not seek for ilUistrations of
the policy ot G Britain in her conduct, in various (piarte.-s
of the globe, towards oilier nations, for she was not ac-
countable to the IJ. Slates. Yet ihe undersigneci will say,
that their government has ever been ready to arrange. In
the most amicable manner, with Spain, the questions re-
specting the bonndaries ot LMUisiana, and Florida, a d
that of the indeuniities acknowledged by Spain due to
American citizens. How the peaceable acquisition of
L' iiisiana, or the purchase of lands within the acknow-
ledged lerrilone)! of the U. States, both made by fair and
voluntary treaties for satistaclory equivalents, can be as-
cribed to a spirit of conquest ilangerous to their neighbors,
the undersigned are Hltogether 'aI a loss to understand.

N«ir has the conquest of Canada, and its permanent an-
nexation to the U. States, been the declared object of their
government. From the commencement of the war to the
present time, the American government has been always
willing to make peace, without obtaining any cession of
territory, and on the sole condition that the maritime qi;e.s-
tions might be satisfaclonly arranged. Such was their
disposition in themonth uf .Tniy, 1812, when they instruct-
ed iVlr. Russell to make the proposal of an armistice ; in
the month of October of the same year, when Mr. Mou-

.iPPEXDIX.

3.')3

roc aii^writ'd Admiral WiirrnrM itropoMal-. (o tliu Name
etVccl ; Ml April, IHl;), whtii insiructMiiiN were tfivcn to
three ot llie uiiiU'rHiv^iit'd IImmi a)i|M>iiiU>(l to treat ul' pencr,
under the iiieditilioii ot Hunhiu ; niid in Jaiiimry, IHI I,
ulieii the iiiMtriirtioiiH iiiidir whu'li the uiiiiirMigiied are
iiuw tietiii^, were prepared.

The prnpusition of the Hrit'iHli PleiiipoteiiliiirieM is thai,
ill order lo Meciire llie t'ruiitier oi Caiiudu a^'alllMt attack,
the U. St:iteM Nhotild leave their own without delence ;
and itseeiUH to be tor^ollen, that if their superior popula-
tion, and the proximity ut' their reMOurees !.'i>e tiiem any
advatitn«j;e in that quarter, it is lialaneed !>> the ureal dif-
ference iK'tween the military eslahlishuients of the t\«o na-
tions. No sudden invasion of Canada by the U. States
could be made, without leavinir on their Atlantic shoreji,
and on the ocean, exposed to the great superiority ot the
British torce, a mass of American property far more val-
uable than Canada. In her relative sui>erior force to that
of the U. States in every other qi:arler,G. Britain may tind
a pledge umch more etficacious for the safety of a single
vulnerable pomi, than in stipulations ruinous to the inter-
ests, and dej^radiiig to the honor o\' America. The best
security for the possessions of both countries will, howev-
er, be found in an equal and solid peace ; in a mutual re-
spect tor the riy^hts ot eat bother, and in the cultivation of
a friendly understauding between them. If liiere be any
source of jealousy in relatiun to Canada itself, it will be
found to exist solely in the un<lue interference of traders
and agents, which may be easily removed by proper re-
slrainls.

The only American (ovia on the lakes known to have
been, at the commencement of the negociation, lield by
British force, are Michilimackinac and Niagara. As the
U. States were, at the same time, in possession of Amherst-
burg, and the adjacent country, it is not perceived that the
mere occupation of those two forts could give any claim to
his Britannic majesty lo large cessions of territory, found-
ed upon the right of conquest ; and the undersigned may
be permitted to add, that even if the chances of war should
yield to the British arms a moinenlary possession of other
parts of the territories of the U. States, such events would
uot alter their views with regard to the terms of peace to

I m

3^4

APPENDIX.

i.ll

ill

iwhieli llicv wonltl STive tlu-ir coiiKcnt. AVitliout recurrinjr
U* exampleH clra^vn tronj the revolutinnary ^overiiiiietitHof
France, or lo a more recent and illustriouH lriiiiii|tli of lor-
titiute in adversity, ihey have lu'en taught Uy their own
history that the occupation of their principal citieti would
profhice no despondency, nor induce their suhtnission
to the dismoinherment of their empire, or to the abui.duii.
Dient of any one of the rights which constitute a pnit uf
tiieir national independence.

The gtiieral position, that it was consistent with the.
principles of public law, and with the practice of civilized
nations, to include allies in a treaty of |>ea(e, and to pro.
vide for their security, never was called in question by the
undersigned. But they have <ienied the right of G. Bri-
tain, according to those principles and her own practice, to
interfere in any manner with the Indian tribes residing ^vith-
in the territories of the V. States, as acknowledged by her-
self, to consider such tribes as her allies, or to treat for
them with the IT. Stales, They will not repeat the facit
and arguments already brought forward by them n\ sn,)-
port of this position, and which remain unanswered. The
observations made by the British Plenipotentiaries on the
treaty of Greenville, and their assertion that the U. States
now, for the first time, deny the absolute independence of
the Indian tribes, and claim the exclusive right of purchas-
ing their lands, require, however, some notice.

if the U. Stales had now asserted, that the [;)dians with-
in their boundaries, who have ackuowledged the U. States
as their Oidy protectors were their subjects, living only at
sufi'erance on their lan<ls, far from being the first in making
that assertion, they would only have followed the examirto
on the principles, uniformly and invaria ly asserted in sub-
stance, and frequently avowed in express terms by the Bri-
tish government itself. What was the meaning of all the
colonial charters granted by the British monarchy, from
that of Virginia, by Elizabeth, to that of Georgia, by the
iiumed'atepreciecessor of thp present king, if the Indians
were the sovereigns and proprietors of the lands bestowed
by tikose charters P What was the meaning of that article in
the treaty of Utrecht, by which the five nations were de-
scribed, III terms, assutiject to the dominions of (i. Britain ?
or that of the treaty with the Clierokees, by which it was

APPENDIX.

das

declared that the kin|L>; of G. Britain c^ranteii them theprivi*
ledge lu live wiifrelhey pleant'cl, if tliose subjerls wcro in*
de|teii<lehl suvereigiiN, nnil if these leriaiitN, ut the licence of
the British kingt were th^ riirhttul hmU of the tamU where
he granted them jiermitision to hve ? VVhut was the moan-
ini;' of that proclamation of his present Britannic insijeNty,
issued in 17(Ki, dechiriit^^ ail piirchnHes of laiid!« from the
1 idiansiinll and void, miUss made by treaties held nnder
the sanction of his majesty's government, if the Indians had
the right to sell their lends to whom they pleased ? What
was the meaning of honndary lines of Amr;rican territories,
in all treaties of G. Britain with other Kiiropean poMet'.>i
having American possessions, particularly in the treaty of
176-J, hy which she acquired from France the soveieignty
and possession of theCaiuulu; ; in her treaty of peace with
the U. States in 1"83 ; nay, what is the meaning of the
north western boundary line now proposed by the British
commissioners themselves, if it is the rightful |»ossessioii
and sovereignty of independent Indians, of which these
boundaries dispose ? Is it indeed, necessary to ask, whether
G. Britain ever has permitted, or would permit, any for-
eign nation, or without her consent, any ot' her subjects, to
acquire lands from the Indians, in the territories of the Hud-
son bay company, or in Canada:' In formally protesting
against this systeui, it is not against a novel prelension of
the AiiieriC;iii govLM'nineiit, it is agiiinst tlie most solemn
acts of their own sovereigns, against the royal proclama-
tions, charters, and treaties of ti. Bitain, for more than
two centuries, from the .HrstsettLmement of North Ameri-
ca to the present day, that the British Plenipotentiaries
protest.

From the rigor of this system, however, as practised by
G Britain, ami all other European powers in America, the
humane and liberal policy of the U. States has voluntarily
relaxed. A celebrated writer on the laws of nations, lo
whose authority Britisii jurists liave taken particular satisfac-
tion in appealing, after stating, in the most explicit man-
tier, the legitimacy of coloiiini settlements in America, the
exclusion of all rights ot uncivilized liuiian tribes, has tak-
en occasion to praise thetirst seillers of New-England, and
the founder of Pennsylvania, in having purchased of the Iii-
dia^is the lands they resolved to cultivate^ iioln itlistandifig^

,i|t

•jii'

•■"*^' ., 1

■ III

t ,

'I 'I

K .,

336

APP^-NDIX.

Iheir l»ein£j fiirnisheil wllh si charter from Uieir s(>vereiji;'n.
It IS lliisc\aiii|>lf, uliicli the IT. Stales, since they l)er:»mH
by tlieir iiule|>eucleiice,tlie Hovereijfiis of the lernlorv, liiive
adopted and or«rani/e(l uito a poiilical Kvslem. UimIci-
that systt ni, the Indians resi(hn<r wiihni the U. SlalcH ave
so far independiiit Untt they h\e nnder their own customs,
and not under the laws of the U SlaUs, that their riyhu
upon the lands where *hey uthabit, or hunt, are secured U>
theni by botindarie.s delined in ain:c;ib'e treaties between
the U. States and tlieinselves ; and ti at ulnnever those
boundanvs were vancl, it isf also by auKcalile aad voumla-
ry treaties, by which they receive from the U. Slates ample
compensation for every right they have to l1ie lands cedeil
to them. They are so far dependent as not to have the rii>lit
to dispose of their lauds to private persons, nor to any pow-
er other than the U. States, aid tt be under their prolec-
tioii alone, and not under tliatof any other power. Whe-
ther call&d subjects, r by whatever name designated, such
is the relation between them and the U. Stales. — That rela-
t on is neither asserted now for the tirsttime, nor di<l it oii.
gi late with the treaty of (iieenville. These principles h;>ve
been uniformly recoofn, zed bv the Indians tiieiuselves, not
only by that trcuty, but in ad the other previous as we!I as
subsequent treaties between them and the U. States. <

Tile treaty of Grecnvilie neither took from the Indians
the right, which they had not, of selling lamls within llie
jurisdiction of ihe U. Stales to foreign governn»enls or sub-
jects, lior ceded to them the right oi exercising exclusive
jurisdiction within the boundary line assigned. It was
merely declaratory of the public law in relation to the par-
ties, founded on principles previously and universully recog-
nized. It left to the U. Stales the rights of exercising sov-
ereignty antl of acquiriivg soil, and bears no analogy to tlie
piviuisition of G. Briiain which requires the abandonuieut
of both.

Tne British Plenipoleutiaries stale in their last note, thai
G. Britain isready to enter into the same engagement with
respect to the Indians living within her line of demarkation,
as that which is propose*! to the U. States. — The under-
signed will not dwell on the immense ineqnaiity of value
between the two territories, which under such an arrange-
luenl, would ije assigned, by each nation respectively to tlie

APPENDIX.

337

s as well as

an aiTanirt-

Indiniis, and which alone wouid niakethe reciprocity mere-
ly nominal. The condilnui which would be IhuH imposed
on G.Britain not to acquire landtt in Canada from the In-
dians, wonld be productive of no advantage to the
U. Suites, and is, iherefoie, no equivalent for the sacri-
fice required of them. The) do not consider that it belong
to the (T. States in any res[>ect to interfere with the con-
cerns of (i. Britain iu her American possessions, or with
iter policy towards the Indians residiii)^ there : and they
cannot consent to any interference, on the part of G. Bri-
tain, with their own concerns, and particularly with the
Indians living willtin tiieir territories. It may be the inter-
est ot G. Britain to limit her sett leuients in Canada to their
present extent, and to leave the country to the West a per-
petual wihlerness, to be for ever inhabited by scattered
tribes of hunters : but it wouid iiiHict a vital injury on the
U. States to have a line run through her territory, beyond
which her settlements should for ever be precluded froia
extendnig, thereby arresting' the natural growth of her po-
> lialion and stretiglh; placing the Indians substantially by
virtue of the proposed ^uarautee, under the protection of
G. Britain; dooiunig them to nerpetual barbarism, and
leavinu; an extensive frontier for ever exposed to their sav*

a!>'e incursions.

With respect to the mere question of peace with the In-
dians, the undersigned have already explicitly assured the
British Pletiipolentiaries that so far as it depended on the
U. States, it would immediately and necessardy follow a
peace withG. Bntain. If this be her sole object, no pro-
vision in the treaty to that ett'ecl is necessary. Provided
the Indians will now consent to it, peace will immediately
be made with them, and tliey will be reinstated in the same
situation in which they stood before the commencement of
hostilities. Should a coii'inuance of the war compel the
U. States to alter their policy towards the Indians, who
may still take the part of G. Britain, they alone must be re<)>
sponsible for the consequences of her own act in having in-
duced them to withdraw themselves from the protection of
the U. States. The employment of savages, whose known
rule of warfare is the indiscriminate torture and butchery
gf women, children, and prisoners, is ibeif a departure froai

t«!

^i>

338

APPENUfX.

t I

m )l

the pi'inciploH uf litiiiianity observed bchveen all civilized
aiul Clinsliaii nations, even in war.

Tii(; V. States have constantly protested, and still pro.
teslii|^anisl it as an nnjnstitiadle aggravation ot'the calami-
lies and horrors of war. — Of the peculiar atrocities of In-
dian wtuliire, the allies of G. Britain in whose behalf she
now dentands s;uTifices of the U. States, have during the
present war, shewn many deplorable examples. Among
them, the mas' acre in cold blood, of wounded prisoners,
and the refusal of the rights of burial to the dead, under the
eycsot Briiish oJnrers who could only plead their inability
to control these savage anxiliarirs, have been re| eatedand
are notorions to the world. The U. States might at all
times have employed the same kind of force against G.
Britain, to a grcitt:!r extent than it was in her power to Liv,-
ploy it against them } but from their reluctance to resort to
means so abliorreitt to the natund feelings of humanity,
they abstained from the use of them until compelled to the
allerniiUve of employing tluinselves Indians, who otlfcer-
wise would have been drawn iulo the ranks of their ene-
mies. The u-idersigned suggesting to the British Pleni-
pott'iitiaries the pronritly of an article by which G. Britain
and the U. Slates >h(;uid rcci|>roGally stipulate never here-
atler, if they should be again at war, to employ savages in
it, believe that it would be infinitely more honorable to the
luimanity and Christian temper of both parlies, more ad-
vantageous to the Indians themselves, and better adapted
to secure their permanent peari', tranquility; and progres-
sive civilization. Uian the boundary proposed by the British
Plenipotentiaries.

With regard to the cession of a part of the District of
Maine, as to which the British Phnipotentiaries are unable
to reconcile the objections made by the undersigned with
their previous declaration, they have the honor to observe,
thai althe conference of the 8th ult. the British Plenipoten-
tiaries staled as one of the subjects suitable for discussion,
n revision of the boundary line between the British and
American territories, with a view to prevent uncerlainlv
and dispute ; and that it was on the point thus stated, that
Ihoundf^rsigncd declared that they were provided with in-
structions from their governinHii; a declaration which
tlid not imply that they were luslructed to make uny ces

APPENDIX*

OOP

\ all civilized

ies, more ad-

he Disliict of

Hion of territory in any qunrter, or aj^ree to a revision of the
line, or to any exchaiif^«* of territory, where no unccr ^
or chspute existed.

The uiitierMigned perceive no uncertainty or matter of
tlouhl in the treaty of I7H3, wilii res|HCt to that part of the
boundary of the JJistricl of Maine which wuuUl ijc affect-
ed by the proposal of G. Britain on that huhjeet. They
never have understood thai the Uritish Plenipotentiaries
M'ho signed that treaty, had contemplated a boundary dif-
ferent from that fixed by the tri aly ; and which requires
.nothing more, in order to be iletinileiy ascertained, than to
'i;6 surveyed in conformity with its proviaiions. This sub-
ject not having been a matter of uncertainty or dispute,
ihe undersigned are not inslructe«i upon it; and they c'nu
ha\e no authority to cede any part of the state of Massa-
chusetts, even for what the British gover^ifi^ent might con-
sider a fair equivalent.

in regard to the boundary of the north western frontier,
80 soon as the proposition ot Indian boundary is disposed
of, the undersigned have no objection, with the explana-
tion given by ihe British Piensputentiaries in their last
note, to discuss the subject.

The undersigned iii their formernole, stated with frank-
ness, and will now repeat, that the two propositions, 1st, of
assigning in the proposed treaty of p^ace a detinile boun-
dary to the Indians living within the limits of the U. Stales,
beyond which boundary they should stipubte nottu acquire,
by purchase or otherwise, any territory ; and 'idly, of securing
the exclusive military possession of the lakes to Great Ijri-
tain, are both inadmiss ble; and that they cannot subscribe
to, and would deem it useless to refer to their government,
any arrangement, even provisional, containing either of
these propositions. With this understanding, the under-
signed are now ready to continue the negociation ; and as
they have already expressed, to discuss ail the pointy of
dift'ereuce, or which might hereafter tend in any degree to
interrupt the harmony of the two countries. \.,.i'

The undersigned request the British Ptenipolentiarics
to accept the assurance of their high consideration.

JOHN a ADAMS,
J. A. BAYARiJ,
H. CLAY,

JONA. KUSSEIX,
A. GALLATIN.

!l»,|

J*J

340

JlPPENDIX.

I I I

-^^.

.;•!

I . i

!^i1'1

'.. ^

? ;i.;

TA^ British to the Amerknn Commissumers,
■ Ghlnt, Sepl. 19, 1814

The undemig^ned have the Imitor to nckno\^ l«'<i|{f \\\u
receipt of the note nddreftKcH to them hy ilie Anierirun
plenipotentiaries on ihe Uth inst.

On the grreiiter part of thnl note, the iiiiiirrsi^^neil have
no intentior^; to q^alce commt'nl.^, having propostd to Ihem-
ocfves thronirhout the nejerociatinn to avuid all unnecessary
diflf'UHsiony, more especially >» hen tending^ to create irritn«
tion.

On t!;e qnestion of the northwestern frontiers, they are
happy to find that no material difllicnlty \h likely to arise.

With respect to the boundary nfti.e District of Maine,
the undersigned observe with regret, that although Ihe A-
raerican Plenipotentiaries have acknowledged themselves
to be instructed to discuss a revision of the bouriidary line,
with a view to prevent uncertainty and dispute, yet, by asf
6uming an exclusive right at once to decide what is or is
not a subject of uncertainty and dispute, they have ren-
dered their powers nugatory or inadmissd>ly partial in their
operation.

After the declaration made by the American Plenipoo
tentiaries, that the U. States will admit of no line of bouu<
dary between their territory and that of the Indian nations,
because the natural growth and pofiuiation of theU. Stales
would be thereby arrested, it b» conieij unnecessary further to
insist oh the proof of a spirit of aggrandizement afi'orded
by the purchase of Louisiana from France, against tiie
known conditions on which it had been ceded by Spain to
that country, or the hostile seizure of a great part of the
Floridas, under a pretence of a dispute respectutg the
boundary.

The reason given by the American Plenipotentiaries for
this declaration, equally applies to the assigument of a
boundary to the U. States on any side, with whatever view
proposed ; and the unlimited nature of the pretension would
alone havejnstiiied G. Britain in seeking more efteclual se-
curities against its application to Canada, than any which
the undersigned have had the honor to propose.

Had ?khe American Plenipotentiaries been instructed on
the 8ub|ect of Canada, they would not have asserted that
it!? perrianent annexation had not been the declared objec^

j^FFEKDtX.

311

uf their (|rovcrnnient. Il has been dislinctiy MTOwed lo b«
Hurli ut il.ilerfiil tunes |mrticularty hy luo AntiTican Geii-
ernU on their rexpeclive iiivasiuiiM of Cmiaita. It \W. lifc-
laralion Hr :. made had t>eeii dira|*|)ruvtil, il would not
have been n |)eatcd. Tiie deelaratiiiiis here rciened lo
are to t>e found in the proctaniatiun o< (ien. Hud, ui July,
1812, nnd ol Gen. Smyth, in November, 1812, copies uf
which are in reunto annexed.

It mu»t be aliio from the want of in&tructious tiiat the
American PI" nipotentmnes hn\e been led to assert tliat
Ci. Britain han induced the Indians to withdraw frnm the
protection of the U. StateH. The g^overnment of tlie U.
Skates cannot have 4'org-otten that G. Britain, no far lr«)in
inducing the Indians tu withdraw themselves fnioi the pro-
tection of the U. States, gave the tarlicst infurmution of
tile intention of those nations to invade the U. States, and
exerted her.elf, though without success, tu prevent and ap-
pease i,h.2ir hostility. The Indian nations, however, Imv-
ing (fixprrieiiced, as they tiiought, oppression, insltud uf
protection from the (J. Slates, declared war a||;ainst tiiera
previously to tiie declaration uf war bv thai com try against
G. Britain. Tiie treaty by which tiie li diu.s placid
Uiemselves um'«" the protection of theU. Statts, is now
abrogated, and the American governmeut caiiiiol be enti-
tled to claim as a right, the renewal of an niticle in a trea-
ty, which has DO longer any existence. The Iiulian i a-
tions are tliereforeno lunger tube considered as under die
protection of the V. States, (whatever ma} be ihe import
of that term) and it can only be on the ground that they
are regarded as subjects, that the American Plenipoten-
tiaries can be authorized to deny the right of G Biiluin to
interfere on their behalf in tiie negociatiuns for peace. To
any such claim, itiis repeated, that the treaties concluded
with tiiem, and par|ili|i|iarly that of Greenville, are in direct
opposition.

It is not necessary to recur to the manner in which the
territory of the U. States was at first settled, in order tu de-
cide, wliether the Indian nations, the original inhabitants
of America, shall have some spot assigned to them, wiiere
they may be permitted to live in tranquility ; nor whether
their trancpiility can be secured without preventing an uii-

ivi

■;'■ a

54e

APPENDIX.

z.'i

interrupted sysUini of encroachment upon tiiem under tlie
pretence of purchase.

If the American Pienipoteiitiaries are authorized pe-
remptorily to deny the ri^lit of the British government lu
i:iterfere with the pacification of the Indian nations, and
for that reason refuse all ne^fociatiions on the suhject, the
undersig^ned are at a loss to understiind, upon what prin-
ciple it was, that at the conference of the 9lh ultimo, the
American Pleni|K>teiitiaries invited discussion on the sub-
ject, anr) added that it was not possible for them to decide
without discussion, whether an article coiitd be framed
which should be mutually satisfactory, and to which they
■hould think themselves, under their discretionary powers,
warranted in acceding-.

The undersij^ned must further observe, that if the A-
merican government has not fiirtiislied their Plenipoten-
tiaries with any instructions since January last, when the
general pacification of Europe could not have been im-
mediately in contemplation, ttiis subsequent silence, after
an event so calculated (even in the view which the Ameri-
can Plenipotentiaries have taken of it, in their note of the
24th ult) to influence the negociation, is, to say the least,
no proof of a sincere desire to bring it to a favorable con-
clusion. The British government has entered into the ne-
gociation with an anxious wish to effect an amicable ar-
rangement. After convulsions unexampled in their na-
ture, extent, and duration, the civilized world has need of
repose. To obtain this in Europe, G. Britain has made
considerable sacrifices. To complete the work of general
pacification, it is her earnest wish to establish a peace witli
the U. States, and in her endeavors to accomplish this ob-
ject, to manifest the same principles of moderation and for-
bearance; but it is utterly inconsistent with her practice
and her nrinciples ever to abandon in her negociations for
peace, those v»'ho have co-operated with her in war. •

The undersigned, therefore, repeat, that the British gov-
ernment is willing to sign a treaty of peace with the U.
States on terms honorable to both parties. It has not of-
fered any terms which the U. States can justly represent as
derogatory to their honor, nor can it be induced to accede
to any which are injurious to its own. It is on this gruiind
that the undersigned are authorized distinctly to dechrc,

11 II

lein uiiiicr the

APPENDIX.

948

that they are instructed not to ftign a treaty of peace with
the Plenipotenliunes of the U. Stales, uiile>s the Indian na-
tions are included in it, and restored to all the nghtn, privi-
leges, and lerritorie^^ which they enjo>ed in the year 1811,
previous to the coiriniencement of (he war, by virtue of the
treaty of Greenville, and the treaties subsequently conclud-
ed between them and the U. Htates. Froui this point tht
British Plenipotentiaries cuiinot depart.

They are further instructed to offer for discussion an ar-
ticle by which the ccntracting parties hhall reciprocally
bind themselves, according to boundaries to be agreed up-
on, not to purchase the lands occupied by the Indians with-
in their respective lines of deuiarkalion. By making this
engagement, subjr^ct to revision ut the expiration of a given
period, it is hoped that the objection to the establisliment
of a boundary beyond which the settlement of the United
{states should be forever excluded, may be efiectually ob-
viated.

The undersigned have never staled that the exclusive
miliUiry possession of the lakes, however conducivt^ they
are satisfied it would be to a good understanding between
the two countries, without endangering the security of the
U. States, was to be considered as a sine qua nun in the
negociation. Whenever the question relative to the paci-
fication of the Indian nations (which, subject to Uie explan-
ations already given, is a sine qua uoUy) shall be adjusted,
the undersigned will be autliunzed to make a final propo-
sition on the sultject of Canadian boundaries, si entirely
founded on principles of moderation and justice, that they
feel confident it cannot be rejected. This proposition will
be distinctly stated by the undersigned, upon receiving an
assurance from the American Plenipotentiaries that they
consider themselves authorized to conclude a provisional
article on the subject, and upon their previously consenting
to include the Indian nations in the treaty, in the manner
above described.

The undersigned avail themselves of this opportunity of
lenewins: t<* the American PlenipotenUaries, the assurance

of the ir \wA\ consideration.

GAMBIER,

HENRY GOULBURN,

WILLIAM ADA MS.

•ii

h,;

M:?

J! •

AVPtasmx.

The Auurican to the Hiilish Commissimvrs.

Ghknt, St'pl. 2«, 1814.

In replying^ to the nolo which the uii(lerMi<rnpd ha*e h:id
the honor of reoe.vm«jf tr-M" l»i« IJrilniinic majeKly'H Pieni-
polcntiarii'S, (laled oil the ItHh iiist. they are hnppy to coii.
cur with tht-m in the sentiiuent ot' avoiding unnecciisnry
discussiOMM, «'S|>eci«illy such utt may have a UMidt-ncy to
crciiU; inil;it!o . Tliey had hoped thai, in the same spir-
it, the Bfitisli I'li'iiipoUMitiaries wonid not hive iho-^ght aU
hi'<iotisui.r;iii neci'ssiu'v to Iraunsictions for«ei{rn to this iiegc
nation, relaliiit;- to llie U. Slalcs, and other iiidf pendent
nations, and not Knilahle for discussion between the Uniled
Sl'.ites and Great- Britain. The observation made with
respect I <» Louisiana is tht^ more extraordinary, as the ces-
sion oi that province to tiie U. States was, at the time, com-
nuinicaled tu ihe Briiish i^overnment, who expressed their
entire satist'uctioii with it, and has subst-qiieiitly leceived
the solemn sanclion of Spam hn'self. The underMgned
will fuilhor say, tliat wh«;nevprthe transactions of the U.
Slates, in re'.ation to the boundaries of Louisiana an(' Flor-
ida, shall be a proper subject of discussion, they wid he
found not orJy susceptible of complete jiistitieation, but
will demonstrate the moileration and forbearance of the
American jjovernment, and their uudevialiug respect for
the rights -d" tht-ir neighbors.

The undersigned are far from assuming the exclusive
right to decide, what is, or is not, a subject of uncertainly
and dispute, with regard to the boundary of the District of
Maine. But until tiie Hntish Pieni|)i3tentiaries shall have
shown in what respect the part of thtit boundary which
would be afl'eclcd by their proposal, is such a subject, the
undersigned may be permitted to assert that it is not.

The treaty of 1783, described the boundary as * a line to
be drawn along the middle of the river St. Croix, from its
mouth in the bay of Fundy, to its stmrco, and from its source
directly north to the highlands which dwide the rivers that
tall into the Atlantic ocean froni those which tall into the
river St. Lawrence, and thence along the said highlaiuis
to thenorlhwesternmost head of Connecticut river.'

Doubts having arisen as to the St. Croix, designatedVm
the treaty of 1783, a provision was made by that of 1794,
for ascerUiining it: and it may be fairly inferred, from the

APrRNDIX.

345

limilation of the arlirle to ihul so\e oltjt'ct, that rvt n in
tliejti(l(^meiil (il'Ci. Hrilniii, no utli«>r mii jcct of cuitlruvirsy
exiNted ill n iMioii to tlic exti'iiNioo o( Uw bouiidur) line
from the source of lliul n\er. Thiit river aitil itt sioiirce
huvinuf heeii iiccor(lii-*;l\ iiHceiiuiiied, the underNig^ned,
Hre |)re|>ared to proj^oNe (he a|>|UMiiliiHiil ot' coiiimi.H^iion-
ern hy the two ^ovcroinciitN, to extend tiic hne to the
hi^rhlnnds f'n"tV)riii:il>ly to the Ire:* I y of 17 H3. The pro-
po.sMt, ho\V(!V(T« of (he HritiNh Pieni|ioten(ittrieM was not to
uscerttiin, hnl to vary tho.se hies ui ttnch niaiiiier aft to Ke-
ciH'e a dirrrt coniinuiiirittion helvvcen (^iic'ie(; ami Hali-
fax ; an alteralioii hIucIi eould not he ttiV'c'tcd without a
cession hy (he (T. HtalcN to Ci ikit;iiii ot all that portion
of the state of iMaNsai'laiNt'lts iiilervennig; helweeu the pro-
vince of Nes^ BruiiMWick and Qtiehec, although nnques-
tionahly inchvted within (he boundary lines Hxed by that
(retily. Whether it was contemplated on the pari of G.
Britain to ohtaiii (he cession, with or without an equiva-
lent in frontier or otherwise, the undersigned, in stating
that they were not instructed or iiiilhorised to treat on the
subject of cession, have not declined to discuss any matter
of uncertainly or dispute which the British Plenipotentia-
ries may p<»int out to exist, respecting the boundaries in
that or in any other quarter, and are, therefore, not liable
to the imputation of having rendered their powers on the
subject nugatory or inadiiiissibly partial in their operation.
The British Plenipotentiaries consider the undersigned
as having declared, * that the LJ. Stales will admit of no
line of boundary between their territory and that of the
Iixlian nations because the natural growth and population
of the U. States would be (hereby arrested,' The under-
signed, on the contrary, e\|»ressly stated in their last note
*tliat the lands inhabiled by the Indians were secured to
them by boundaries, deHned in amicable treaties between
them and the United States :' but they did refuse to as-
sign, in a treaty of peace with G. Britain, a detinitive and
permanent boundary to the Indians, living wilhin the lim-
its of the U. States. On this subject, the undersigned have
no hesitation in avowing, that the V. States, while inlend-
ing never to ac<piire lands from the Indians otherwise than
peaceably, and with their free consent, are fully determin-
ed in that n>aiHKM', ()rogrrssiveiy, and in proportion as their

I •;

■ ^i

: (' • I

dtO

APHENOIX.

pruwitKj-pofiihilion nin\ nqnire, lo rrrliiini from Ihe iitnie
(»t tintiiir, iind tohrini; into ciillivniioii, cvurv |Hirtioii nt' the
U-vrilon contninrd Hithin Ihcir tirkiioMlcn^ni ^N»iinclarie!i.
In llins priiviilitt^r for Ihr An^iporl of millmiiH of civili/ed
bcinjfM, \\wy will itot violiiti' fiii\ dirlatu of lustice or hii-
m:niil}, forthe\ will not only ;^ivt.'to tlit* few ihouNaiidsav-
H^eN, NralU'ri'd over IhHt Urritory, an niiipie t>c|uivatent for
fltiy ripflit llicy nii)> Hiirrenilcr, ImiI will iilMays leuve them
the pOMHessioii of IuihIm iiioi\' th.in they cnii cultivute, nnd
more th:iii aiUqiiiile to their »iil>Misleiice, comfort, and en-
joynieiil, hy rulliv-ilion.

If this he a KjMrit of sitrsf>">indi/ement, the undersized
are firepan d to admit, in Ihni HeiiNw, its existence; but they
must deny that it aAords the sliirhtest proof of an in-
tention not to respect the hoiindunes between them and
European nations, or of a desire to encroach upon the ter-
riloriesof (i. Brits.in. If", in llie progre.ss of their increas-
ing' population, Ihe Aniericaii people must <rrow in strenglh
projortioned to ilieir nnubcrs, ||it> nndersiufued will hope
that Ci. Bntatii, far from rcptmiio- at the prosper!, willc6:i-
teniplale it wilh satisfarlion. Tlu-y will not suppose th-it
that ^ovrnuneril will a\ow, as the basis of llieir policy to-
wards the U. Smiles, the s>»ten) of arrestiuir their natural
growth within iheir own territories, for (he sake of pro
«ervi:ga perpetual desert for savaires. ll G. Britain has
made sacribci'S to give repose to the ci\ili/ed world iu
E;irope, no sacriHee is irrpiired Irom her by the U. Stales
to coi»;j)lele :he -Aork oi j^t-ueral pacihealion. Thisnego-
ciatioii at U ast evinces, on their part, no disposition to
claim any other right, than ihal of presei'ving their inde-
pendence entire, ai d of governing their own territories
without foreign Jiitenereiiee. ' ' ' ' f u

Of tlie two proctamutions, purported copies of which the
British Plenipotentiaries have thought pro|)er to enclose
^Vlth their last note, the undersigned might content iheni-
seives with remarking, that neither of them is the act ot
the Auirncan government. They are enabled however to
add, with perfect contidence, that neither of them was
authorised or approved by that government. Tlie under-
signed are not disposed to consider as the act of the firitihh
guvernment, the proclumalion of Admiral Cochrane, here-
with enclosed, exciting a portion of the population of the

APl'CNDIX.

347

V'l

(J. {^Inltm, uikUt lite proiivMC of niilllary employment, or
of free ttcUleiiiciil iii llie WtHi-lmlLH, lo iritictifry aiul re-
bellion. Tile iiuilei'Miuiu-d vt- r> <.iiii t>rf ly rfi{rtl lo lie
(ibligeiito Nay, that aiiirrcsislihit iiiai>Mof evicleitce, (oitNiNt-
inK |iriiici|mlly ot llie C(*rrt's|<iMiUtitCL'of lirilitili oflirrrH :u)(l
ogeiils, part only uf ^%liicli Iihh ulrcadv Ucii puMislieU in
America, e>talili!the.s lM.'\oiui all raiiutial doubt, the fact,
thai a coiiNtant M^Mt-iit of excilt'iiitnt tu those hoslililies
wan piirKtU'il by the Drilish ti'ail« m ami a^eiil.s, \tho had ac-
ceHstothe Indians, not oul} >»iUu>ut lieiii(;- diHcounlenanc-
ed, but with fivquenl encoura^c-meiil by the British au-
thorities; and that it tlh-y ever disMiadid the Ind.ans from
commenciiii^hotitil.t.cs, il wis 0!d\ Uy nr}i;ini>; llu n , a^ in
prudence, to siis|)end tlieir attacks, « nlilG. Jintain should
recog^nize them as her allies in the Mar.

When, iu the conterence ol'lht- 9th nit. the nndei'Hi&^ned
invited diKCUMsioii upon the pi'upos;d < ' lndi>'ti >iacili<'ati«'i)
and buundary, an uell as Ujon all the subjects preset «^d by
the British Plenipoleuttares for discussiun, they i .| ressly
stated their motives lo be, 1st, to a^Cfrlail> by dtscussimi
whether an article on ihe subject could be Vuri^ied lo which
they could subscribe, and which uuuld be s.ilisfaclory to
the Brilisih PlenipulenUaries ; and 2dly, liiat if no such ar-
ticle could be loimed, the American ]^overnnient nii<>hlbe
informed of llie views of G. Britain upon thai point, and
the British government of the objections oh lite part of the
U. Stated, to any such arrangement. The undersij^ned
have, in fact, already proposed no less than three articles
on the subject, all of which ihey view as better calculated
to secure ^leace and tranquility io the Indians, than any
one of the proposals for that pc^ose, made by the British
Plenipotentiaries.

The undersigned had repealed their assurances to the
British Pienipoleiitiaries, thai peace, so far as it depended
on the U. States, would iinniediately follow a ptMXce with
G. Britain, and added, tiiat the Indians would thereby be
reinstated in the same situation in which they stood before
the commencement of hoslililies. The British Plenipo-
tentiaries insist, in their last note, that the Indian natiuiis
shall be included in the treaty of peace between G. Britain
and the U. Stales, and be restored lo all the rights, privi-
leges, and territories which they enjoyed in the year 181 1^

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APPKNIJIX.

^jrcvious to the ronimencemeiit of tlie war, Uy virlneof
the treaty otCircoMville, uiul the treaties Mulmequently con-
cluded between (hem ai.d the U. Stated. betiin<r aside
the subject of boiindarv, which is pres »ted as for discus-
Nion only, there is no apparent difference with respect to
the object in view ; the pitcitication and tranquility of the
Indiais, and placni<^ them in the same situation in which
they stood before the war, all which w ill be equally obtain-
ed m the manner proposed by the undersigned, and the
only point of real difference is, the British Plenipotentia-
ries insist that it should be done by including the Indians,
as alli.R of G. Britain, in the treaty of peace between her
and the U. States.

The U. States cannot consent that Indians residi g with-
in their boundaneis, as acknowledged by (i. Britain, shall
be included in the tresitv of peiice, in any manner which
will recognize them as nidependent nations, whom G.Bri-
tain, havaig obtauted this recognition, would hereaiter,
have the right to consider in ever> respect, as such. Thus
to rt cognize these Indians as independent :\nd sovere gu
nations, would ta!:e from Uie U. Stales, and transfer to
those Indians, all the ri«rltts of soil and sovere igntv over tho
territory which they inhabit; and this being accomplished
through the agency of G Britain, would place them tiflfeclu-
alty ii»d exclusively under her protection, instead ot being,
as heretofore, under that of the U. Slates. It is not per-
ceived in what respect such a provision would differ from
an absolute cession by ihe U. Stales of the extensive terri-
tory in question.
■ The British Plenipotentiaries have repeated the assertion,
that the treaty by which the Indians placed themselves un-
der the protection of the U. Stales, was abrogated by the
war ; and thence mfer, that they are no longer to be con-
sidered as under the protection of the U. Stales, whatever
niay be the import of the term ; and that the right of G. Bri-
tain to interfere in their behalf in the negoeialion of peace,
can only be denied on the ground that they are regarded as
subjects. In point of fact, several of the tribes, parties to
the treaty of Greenville, have constantly been, and still are,
at peace with the U. Stales. Whether that treaty be, or
be not abrogated, is a question not necessary to be now
discussed. The ritjbt of the U. States to the protection of

APPENDIX.

3*«*

llie Intlinns within tti' ir boundaries, was not acquired by
lliiit ireatv ; it waH u necessary ruiisequence oH the <»over«
eignty and independence of the U. fSlate«. Previous to
that time the Indians hving within theKain£ territory, were
under the protection ot'hi!» Britannic majesty, as iU sover-
eign. The undersigned may refer the Briti>h Plenipu-
tenlmries to ail the acts v-' their own government, rehitive
to the subject, for proof, that it has alwa3s considered this
right of protection as one of the ri<rhts of sovereignty, which
it needed no Indian treaty to confer, and which the abroga-
tion oi no Indian treaty coulu divest. They will particular-
ly bring to their recollection, that when a similar proposi-
tion of considering Indian tribes as inde|)endenl nations, to
serve as a barrier between the French and English territo-
ries, was made by France to England, it was immediately
rejected, by a minister to whom the British nation is accus-
tomed to look back with veneration, and rejected on the ex-
press ground, that the king would not renounce his right to
protection over the Indians within his dommious. But
whatever the relation of the Indians to the U. States may
be, and whether under their protection or not, G. Britain
having by the treaty of 1783, recognized the sovereignty of
the U. States, and agreed to certaiii limits as their bounda-
ries, has no right to consider any persons or cominunities»
whether Indians, or others, residing within those bounda-
ries, as nations independent of the tj. States.

The U. States claim of right, with respect to all Euro-
pean uations, and particularly with respect to G. Britain,
the entire sovereignty over the whole territory, and all the
persons embraced within the boundaries of their dominions.
G. Britain has no right to take cognizance of the relations
subsisting between the several communities or persons liv-
ing therein. Tiiey form as to her, only parts of the domin-
ions of the U. States, and it is altogether immaterial,
whether, or how far, under their political institutions and
policy, these communities or persons are independent states,
allies, or subjects. With rf^spectto her and all other for-
eign nations, they are parts of a whole, of which the U.
Slates are the sole and absolute sovereigns.

The allegation of the British Plenipotentiaries, that it is
inconsistent with the practice or principles of G. Britain to
abandon in her negociations for fieace, those who have co-

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APPENDIX.

.i 1 1

I !

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' 1 *'.!-'

h:-

oi^rated with her in war, in nol applicable lo the Indians,
bill on the erroneouH asMimption of Iheir inde|>eu(ience,
^hich, so fur as »he is roncerned han been fully itisproved.
And althougfh no power from thexe tribes to the Briti.sli
government to treat in their behalf, wonld for the same rea-
son be admitted by the nndersigned, they may nevertheless
observe, that the British Piempoteiitiaries havini^: produced
no such powers, havin«r no authority to bind the Indians, to
en^a^ for their assent to the pacification, or to secure the
continuance of peaoe on their part whilst speakiiii^r of them
as allies, do really propose to treat tor ihem not as if they
were independent nations, but as if tliey were the subjects uf
G. Britain. ' '(Lif tii;:'v.':i -^'vtri^lj'rti! ..•.* m ,,

The undersigtted so far from asking that, in relation to
the Indians, G. Britain should pursue a course inconsistent
with her former practice and princif»les^onty desire that she
would follow her own example res|)ecting them, in her for-
mer treaties with other European nations, and with the U.
8tates. No provision tor the Indians is found in the treaty
of 1763, bv which France ceded Canada to G. Britain, •d\-
tliough almost all the Indians living within the territory
ceded, or acknowledged to belong to G. Britain, had taken
part with France in the war. No such provision was insert-
ed in the treaty of peace of 1783, between G. Britain and
the U. States, although almost all the Indian tribes living
within the territory recognized by the treaty to betbng to
the U. Skates, had during the war, co-operated with G. Bri-
tain, and might have been considered as her allies more just-
ly than on the present occasion. Ho far as concerns the re-
lations between G. Britain and the U. States, these Indians
can be treated for only on the principles by which amnesties
are stipulated in favor of disafi'ected persons, who, in times
of war and invasion, co-operate with the enemy of the na-
tion to which they belong. To go as far as possible in se-
curing the benefit of the peace lolhe Indians, now the only
object professed by the British gx)veriiment in their present
sine qua Mon, the undersigned oH'er a stipulation in general
terms, that no person or persons, whether subjects, citizen«),
or Indians, residing within the dominionsof either party, shall
be molested or annoyed, either in persons or their property,
for any part they may have taken in the war between the U.
States and G. Britain ; but shall retain all the rights, privi-

APPENDIX.

35t

le^^es and posnesiiionii, which Ihey resperlivcly had ut Ihe
cominencenitiit ut' the war ; liiev, uii llie.r purt dtfiiittaiiin^
iheiiiseivf'N peuceuhlv, and codl'uriuahiy to their duties to
the respeclivfi |;rovt;riinient». — This the niideiMigned have
no doubt will eB'tcluall) secure to the Indians jh. ace, if ihey
themselves wiU observe it, and they wdi luU suppose that
G. Britain would wish Iheui included in the peace but up*
on that condition. ;^'dl ft: itu-

"i'he undersi^rntd have never intimated that their govern-
ment had not furnished tluut with any lustmctionH since Jan-
uary last. On the contrary, they distinctly tuld the British
Plenipotentiaries in cont'eience, though it appears to have
escaped their recollection, that instructions had been re-
ceived by the undersigned, dated at the close of the mouth
of June. The undersigned will now add, that those in-
structions were drawn with a full knowledge of the gener-
al paciiication in Europe, and with so liberal a considera-
tion of its necessary bearing upon all the differences that
had l>een until then subsisting between G. Britain and the
U. States, that the undersi;>'ned cannot doubt that peace
would long since have been coacluded, had not an insu-
perable bar against it been raised by the new and unprece-
dented demands of the Briiish government.

With respect to the proposition vchichthe British Pleni-
potentiaries inform them lliey will be prepared to make, in
relation to the Canadian boundaries, w hich appears to them
so entirety founded on principles of moderation and justice,
but the nature of which they llniikpro|:er at present to with-
hold, the undersigned can only pledge themselves to meet
any proposition from the British Plenipotentiaries, character-
ized by moderation and justi ce, not only with a perfect re-
ciprocity of those sentiments, but with a sincere and earnest
desire te contribute to the restoration of peace, by every
compliance with the wishes of G. Britain, compatible with
their duty to their country.

The undersigned have the honor of tendering to the
British Plenipotentiaries, the renewed assurance of their
high consideration.

J. a ADAMS,
J. A. BAYAUD,
H. CLAY,

JON A. RUSSELL,
A. GALLATliS....

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352

APPKNDIX.

I if.

The British lo the American Cunimissionrrs.

f'Hf:xT, Oct. 8, IftU.
' The undersigned have the honor to acknuwiedp^e thn
receipt of Ihe note of the Plenipolenliaries of the IT. States,
dated on the 29 ult.

As the continuance of the neg-ociation txcUisively de-
pends upon the question relating to the pacitication and
rights i. ihe Indian nations the undersigned are unwiMino'
to extf u; vheir observations to the other subjects brotight
forwt 1 .n the note of the American Plenipotentiaries,
further than may be required for necessary ex|)lanation.

li adverting for this purpose to the acquisition of Louis-
iana, the undersiirned must observe, that the uistrument by
which the consent of tiis Catholic majesty is altedged to
have been given to the cesHion of it, has never been made
pubiic. His Catholic majesty was no party to the treaty
by which the cession was made, and if any sanction has
been subsequently obtained from him, it must have been,
like other coleniporaneous acts of .that monarch, iuvolu.i-
tary, and as such cannot alter the character of the trans-
action. The Marquis of Yrujo, the mniister of his Catho-
lic majesty at Washington, ui a letter addressed to the
President of the V. States, formaily protested against the
cehsioh, and the right ol France to make it. Yet, in the
face of this protestation, so strongly evincing the decided
opinion of Spain as to the illegality of the proceeding, the
President of llie U. States ratified the treaty. Can it bo
contended that the annexation of Louisiana, under such cir-
cumstances, did not mark a spirit of territorial aggrandize-
ment ?

- His Britaunic majesty did certianly express satisfaction
when the American government comuutnicated the event,
thatLouisiana, a valuable coiony in the possession of France,
with whom the war had just been renewed, instead of re-
maining in the hands of his enemy, had been ceded to the
U. States, at that time professing the most friendly dispo-
sition towards G. Britain, and an inl ntinn of providing
for her interest in the acquisition. But the conditions un-
der which France had acquired Louisii\na from Spain,
were not communicated ; the refusal of Spain to constMil
to its alienation was not known ; the protest ot her embas-
sador hud not been made, and many other circumstanc(fs

APPnNDIX.

a5:i

.ilteiidmjr thelraiisaclioii, on wlncli it is now ummrcsjiary
t«» tlii^k'. wfn*, iis ilieie i.-i oood rcusiuii lo believe, iudu.>lrt-
ou> y cotict'alf«l. • i »,

The proDlolM sj)irii of ji^rfrramli/cnienl, wh ch ihc un-
ilersi|^iied h ul iletliiced tVum ihe lioslile sei lire of u great
pari of the FioiKlas, mi ler ll»e iiio.>l t'rivoloiis preteiiccv,
remains uiiteliiled > and llie uiidersi^i'^d are cciviiiced
that the occasion und <;;)'euuistiihces under which thai un-
wuiranlahle act of ngifiess.on took iiUue, have given rise
throughont Ciii'o|te lo bitl Oae MentiDteiit hh lo the character
ot ihc transaction.

After tlie previous comiuunication which the under-
"ifrned have had the honor t)f receiving from tlie Aiueri-
can Pienipotenliaries, they coulii not but fcei much 8ur,riz-
ed at the inforaialion contained in their lant note of their
having received instructions dated subsequently to Janu-
ary, 1814. The undersigned have no recollection vvl.at-
ever of die Aniericau Pieni|jotentiaries having coaimunicat-
ed lo tliem) either collectively, or mdividual!v at p. confer-
ence or otherwise, the receipt of inslructions from the gov-
eriiiueitt of the U Stales dated at ttte close of the month of
June, and they must remind ihe American P.enipotentia-
ries that their note oi the 9th ult. distinctly .•dated that the
iu'dructions of January, 1814, were those under which they
were acting. It therefore, the AmeriraM Plenipotentiaries
received instructions drawn up at the close of the month of
.lune, with a liberal consideration of the late e\entsiii Eu-
ropt, lh» :i!iUers*giu-«i ha\e a right lo complain, that while
til'. Aniencan g<>verninentjuslly considered these events as
havin;^ a necessary bearing on the existing ditierences be-
tween the two countries, the American Pienipotentiaries
^;hould nevertheless have preleried acting under instruc-
tions, which, from iheir date, must have been without the
contemplation of such events. '• '\ *

The British government never required lliat all that por-
tion of the slate ot Massachusetts intervening between the
proviitce of New Brunswick and Quebec, should be ceded
to G. Britain, but only that small portion of unsettled coun-
try vvliuh interrupts the communication between Halifax
ai.d Q.Mei)ec, there heiiig much doubt whether it noes not
already l)eloiio to (i. Bniain. • ^^ ; " T ?.

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351

AFPK.NDIX.

Tlif uii.iersignetl are at n loss to iiiulersluiul how \'\c('
A'imiral (. oi'hrane'iiproclaiiiatioii illuslnitt'N p.::\'' to|iic con-
ncrled uitli llie present ne^nciation.or bears npon the con-
rhiMun Mhich they contended was to be drawn from the
two proriamations ollhe American (untiais. These pro-
c!amatioii> distinctly avowiiig the iutenUon cf {he Ameri-
can ixoveriHunl permanently to anncA the Cunadas to the
U. ^'.aUs, wyre adduced not as a mailer o*'compi liai but
8:ropiy for 1 he purpose »>f proving' \vliat had bet.n d',- jed as
a iact, VIZ. ihat such htKl been the dc 'iared intention of the
Ann rican govrrnmenl.

The nn<l(T8 ^ned observe, that although the Arrf'^rican
P.enipotenliaries have taken M\nm ihemselves i^enerully to
<U'i»y that the piociamations ^eve authnrixfd or approved
by their govtrHnient, without seating in wivil mode that
di«j4pj>ro<tation was expressed, yet they avoid stating that
'die f Mrt of H'.ose proclamations containing the declaration in
qa^ .Mioii, had not been so authorized or approved. It is in-
ci« V «i tnipH.s8ible to imagine, that if the Anurican government
h<id intiin.ited any disapprolalion of that part of General
Hull's proclamation, the same declaration would have been
as confidently repeated tViur months after by General Smyth.

His majesty's government have other and ample mean!!;
of knowing that the conquest of the Canadas and their an-
nexation to the U. States was the object and jMjIicy of the
American government. For the present the undersigned
will co» '.ent themselves with referring to the remonstrance
of the legislature of Massachusetts, in Juue^ 18)3, in
which this intention is announced as matter of notoriety.

The undersigned deny that the American government
had proved, or can prove, that previous to the deciaralion of
war l)y the U. Slates, persons authorized by the British
government endeavored to excite the Indian nations against
thi U. States, or that ^inleavors of that kind, if made by
private persons, (v\hich the undersigned have no reason
to believe) e\er received the sanction of his majesty's gov-
ernment.

The American Plenipotentiaries jiave not denied that
the Indian nations had been erjgaged in war with the
U. States, before the war with G. Britain had commenced,
and they have reluctantly confessed that so far from his
majesty having induced the Indian nations to begin \\k
war, as charged against G. Britain iuthe notes of the 'iHh

APPENDIX.

8.V>

An^. and OlIiiiU. ihe Hritish i!;overiiinciit nrlnaily exerted
llu;ir endeavors lo di^isuade the Indian nations from coiii-
inencin^' it.

As to the unworthy motive assigMud by tl;e American
Fleui|iotentiaries to this inlert'trence so auiicahlv nnide on
tliepart o'i (j. Jiritain, its utter iiiiprolmbdity is sutliciently
apparent from considering by which party the war was fie*
cbred. l^he undersig'ncd, therefore, can only consider it
ns an additional indication of that hostile disposition, which
ha?i led to the pr^^ent uidiappy war between the two roini-
tries. So long as that disposition continues, it cannot but
render any ttlorlon the part of G. Britain to terminate tins
contest utterly unavailintf. , ;

The American Plenipotentinries appear unprepared to
state the precise ground upon which they resist the ri«;ht of
his Majesty to negociate uith the U. States on behalf of
ihe Indian nations, whose co-operation in the war his ma-
jesty has found it expedient to accept.

The treaty of Greenville, to the words, stipulations, and
spirit of which the undersigned have so fiequently appeal-
ed, and all the treaties prevuusly and subsequently made,
oetwecn the U. States and the Indian nuiiuns, shew, be-
yond the possibility of doubt, that the U. States have bet n
in the habit of treating with these tribes as independent i na-
tions, capable of maintaining the relations of peace and
war, and exercising territorial rights.

If this be so, it will be difficult to point out the peculiar
circumstances in the condition of those nations, which
should either exclude them from a treaty of general pacifi-
cation, or prevent G. Britain, with whom they ha\e co-oi'e-
rated as allies in the war, from proposing stipulations in
their behalf at the peace. IJnles/i the Amencaii Pienipo-
tentiaries are prepared to maintain what ihey have in eil'ect
advanced, that although the I dian nations may be inde-
pendent in their relations with the U. States, yt t tiie cir-
cumstance of living within the boundary of the IT. Slates
disables them from forming such conditions of alliance
with a foreign power, as shall enlille that power to nego-
ciate for them in a treaty of peace. i

I'he principle upon which this proposition is founded,
was advanced, but successfully resisted so far back as the
treaty of Munster. An allempt was then made lo preclude

.ISi

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APPKNDIX.

f ! ■

Franro from necfocialiner in Iwhalf of ccrlam nlMen and nl-
ies ill G"rm -ny, who Iia<l ro-operaleii williher in lli<? wmp,
becniiNe althoiicfii those Htjitesaiui cilicH miu^hl be consifh r-
ed as in(ie|>pti<lciiii f<ir certain jMirposes, >et l)e:njf «ill m
the bniindury of the Gtrinan empire, they oiijjht not to le
nl'ou^edto become parties in ihe general p-.iciHration \v\\U
the emperor of ([Jermany, nor oiiiiht F»;itice to he pernnU
ted in that nejjociation to mix their rights and interests with
her own.

The American Plenipotentiaries probably aware that tlio
notion of such :i qnaliHed independiMice, lor crrtain pnr-
poses, and not for oth< rs, could not be maintained, either
by argument or preced<id, have been compelled to advanre
the novel and alarming' pretension, that all the Indian na-
tions livings wilhiii the boundary of the U Slates, mnsf m
effect, be considered as their snbioets, and, conseqnently,
if eng-ag^ed in war ajjainst the IT. 5?'[ ites, become liable to he
treated us rebels, or disati'ecled persons. They have fur-
ther stated, that all the territory which these Indian nations
occupy, is at the disposal ot the U. Slates, that the United
Slates have a ng'hl to dispossess tliein of it : to esercise that
rio^hl, whenever their (olicy or interest may seem to thcni
to 'ecjuire it : and to confine them to such spots as may he;
selected, not bv I idian Jiaiions, bnl by the American •ji'ov-
ernment. Prelensio .s such as these G. Brttain can never
nco^UiZe ; however reluctant his royal highness, the Prince
Riijrent may betocoMtinuc Ilie vva", lh;it evil must be pre-
ferred, if peace can only bcobtiined on such conditions.

To su.iport those pretensions, and at the same time to
show, th lithe present conduct ofG. Britain is incoiisistcMt
With her former practice a d principles, the American
plenipotentiaries have referred to Ihe treaty of peace oC
1783, to that of 17H3, and to the nei^ociations of 1761, din-
in^; the a<lministration of a minister, whom the American
Plenipotentiaries have stated, and truly stated, to be high
in the estimation of his country.

The omissions to provide in the tienly of 1780, for the
pacification of the Indian nations, which were to l)e includ-
ed within the proposed boundary of the U. Stales, cannot
preclude G. Britain from now negociating- in behalf of suelj
tribes or nations, unless it be assumed, that the occasional
non-exck'cise of a riffht is an abandonment of it. Nor can

APprxDrc.

;W7

\hc rij^hl (if protcrlion, wliirli the Anifricun Pl«'nip4>lefi-
ti '»M^ liint- I II It'll inslioumjj to have < verbet-n rlHimed hht
li Hivlsi II as incidi'nt lt» soverein^nly, navf been trannfrr-
ivil by (i. Hnliiiii lo 5lu' l^ Sfalps, hy a treaty, to which the
li (liiiii nnlioiis wvvv not pniliis.

In llu' pciirt' o( 17(J.J, it was nol nrcessnry for (I. Britain
to treat for the panficalion ot the Indian nations, and th^
Ilia nicnaijt' of tht*ir rijlits and privileg^rs, because iberr
tiad bt^eti no Indian nations livin<r witliotit the British boun-
daries, ubo had co-o|k rated with G. Britain, in the war
ai»aiiisl .* rancc.

U'.tb lesiMTt to the nejj'tciations of 1761, between Grrat
Pn am ad France,, on which the American Plenipoten-
tiaries more jiarlicnlarly rely, they appear, in the judgment
o) the niu!erMi<rnei>, to have much misunderstood the whole
course of that ne^ocnition.

It IS very true that the French government brought for-
ward, at one p* nod of the negocialion, a proposition by
vvhn h a certain territory, lying between the dominions of
t)>e two contractin^- parties, was to have been allotted to the
Indian nations. But it does not appear that this formed a
pari of their ultimatum, and it is clear, that Mr. Pitt in his
alls\^er, did not object lo the proposition. He oljected in-
(leefi lo the proposed line of demarkation between the coun-
tries belon^jiiij;- to the two contracting parties, upon the two
grounds: Isl, tlial the proposed northern line would have
given to France, what the French had themselves acknowl-
e<lged lo b;^ part of Canada, the whole of w hich, as enjoyed
by his most. Christian majesty, it had been stipulated, was
to be ceded entirely to G. Britain : 2dly, that the southern
part of the |ir«>posed line of demarkation would have includ-
ed W'thm the i oiindary of Lonisiana, the Cheerokecs, the
Creeks, the Cliickasav^s, the Choctaws, and another nation,
who occupied territories winch had never been included
tiilhin the l>ouiidaries of that settlement. So far was Mr.
Pitt from rejectiiig, as alledged by the American Plenipo-
tentiaries, the proposition of considering Indian nations a
barrier, that at one period of the negociation he complain-
ed that there was no provision for such a barrier; and he
thus energetically nrires his objections, in his letter to Mr.
Stanley, the British Picniprlentiary at Paris, dated on the
20lh or June, 17«)1 ; * As to the fixation of new limits lo

[i!

' lir^?

^iL

(

J i

;i.i8

APPENDIX.

CaiiaUii lowanis liic Oliio, it in cnptidiis and insirliout.,
thn»\vuoiU ill liojit', if ai^rteil to, lo nhorleii (lierchv ihu v'\.
lent uC Ciiiiulii, untl lo leity^llieii the l)oiiii(i:ii'ieM ol Lotiiiit-
iansi, and in tlie view to est.iblisili, whut mtiHl not bt* admit-
ted, namely, that all whicii in not C.uiada ih IjOiiiHia>ia;
Mrheroby all the intennf^diatc nationn and countries, llic true
barrier to carh province, would be^iven up to France.'

The utiderNi)rt)ed coutideiitly expect, that the \iii<>rican
rieiiipotcnliarieH will not a^^aiii reproach the Iji^tiiiii prov-
ernment with acting inconsistently wilh its toriiier practice
ail i principles, or repeat the asserlion made in ii former
linte, that adeii lilion of Indian bou uiarv, wilii a vitnv lo a
neutral barrier, wan a new and iinpreee:ien(ed demand by
any European power, and iiost ot all by G. Britain; lh(>
very instance Kelecled by the American i'ieni|M)tintiaries,
undeniably proves that such a proposition had been enter-
tained both by G. Britain and France, and thai Mr. PiU
oil the part of G. Britain had more particularly enforced
it

It remains only to notice two objections which the Amer-
ican Pienipoteiitiaues have urged atraiiiNt the proposal ot
Indian pa<;ificaUoit, advanced by the undersigned ; first,
thal.it IS not reciprocal: .secondly, thai as the U. States
could have no security ihat the Lidian nations would con-
clude a peace on ihe terms proposed, the proposition would
be in effect unilateral.

The article now proposed by the undersigned, and here-
w'th enclosed, is free from both objections, and appears to
them so characterized by a spirit of moderation and peace,
that Ihey earnest) \ anticipate the concurrence of the Amer-
ican Pienipotentiai ies.

In making a last effort in this stage of the war, the under-
signed are not apprehensive that the motives which have
influenced his royal highness the Prince Regent, to direct
a renewal of the proposition, with its present modiiications,
can be misunderstood or misrepresented.

Whatever may be the result of the proposition thus offer-
ed, the undersigned deliver it as their ullimalmn, and now
wait with anxiety the answer of the American Plenipoten-
tiaries, on which their continuance in this place will de-
pend.

•f 'i:i '*:»'

t ■ ,. ,1,

APPRNniX.

.1,^9

TliA iiii(icrhi^ii(*(l ill IhcmMlvmof IbiM o|>|iorUii)ily (>r
rriK'Witiif io ihe Amrricait Pi(Mii|Milriitiun('«i, tlie UMitiiniiire
ol llicir hitfli coiiHiUi'i'iilinn.

(MMHIRK. '

. . - MKNHVCiOlTLBC RN,

niLLIAVI AI3AMS.

"The IT. Slrtlcn of Annrim vni|fn{|^e Io put an nul, iiiw
iiiediati'ly ut'tfr the rntifitntion (it'tnt* preMent IrcHty, to hoM-
iilities, with till thf IriheH or iintionN of liidinnH i%ilh \vh«mi
they may be Ht war, at the lime of Much ratificatioii, niul
furthu'itji to rcMlore to xuch tribes or natioiiH, roNperliveiy,
all the |)OHKf>,siiionN, ri^^htN and priviUnfeN, wlitch they may
have ntjoyed or been I'lilitled to in IHIl, previous to such
lioslilities: provided always, that such tribt-s in* nations shall
agree to desist from all hostililits H^rainst the U. Stutts of
America, their citi/A'iis and snltjects, upon the nitificatum
ol the present treaty heii<^ noliHtd to such tribes or nations,
and shall so desist U(reord«iiir|y.

"And his Hritannic majesty eogap;es, on his part, to put
an end, immediately after the ratification oi' the present
treaty, to hostilities, with all the tribes or nations of Indians,
with whom he may be at war, at the time of such ratifica-
tion«aiid forthwith to restore to such tribes or nations res-
pectively, all the possessions, ri<rhts and privdeg'es, which
they may haveelljo^ed or been entitled to in IHl I, previous
to such lioslilities : provided always, that such tril>es or na-
tions shall agree to desist from all hostilities aj^ainst his Bri-
tannic majesty and his subjects, upon the ratification of the
present treaty being' notified to such tribes or nations, and
shall so desist accordingly.*' i

i ' The American to the Ihilish Commissioners, *

(iiiKNT, October 13, 1814. '

The nndersiiriied hnve the honor to acknowledire the re-
ceipt of the iiolt of the Plenipotentiaries of his Britannic
majesty, date<l on the Hth instant.

Satisfied of the impossibility of peisuadin*? the world that
the {Tovernmenl of the U. Slates was liable to any well
foniiiled imputation of a spirit of coufpiest or of injustice to-
M'ards other nations, the undersigned, in aft'ordinjif explana-
tions on several ut" the topics adverted Io by the Krit:sh

iiU

'iir

11^

•

h?;

l< '

Aft'KNDlX.

PloniputenlmricH itui-iii«( IIiin iic^^ocinhfu. \t iri: ncltiali'il Uy
tht*Hole iiKiliv*? ol' ntinuviiiif crnMieum i oivchhioiis.

Still iiifltieiircd l)v llu* H.iiiie iiiolive, lliev will now u«l»l,
t .il li ilirtinio whmlheS|iniiiNlini iiinUm' wiiMrt'iiKi stiMlui*;
ai \V:i»hni^loii>i(;iiinKltlit' IraiisfiTol LoiiiHian:!, ortit i> nm-ic
gi*eii bv hiH pfovcriiiiieiit for its cU'livtry to Fiamt- : ili:it ii
was ill fiicU (lelivt'i'i'd a NJiorttiini' alU rllial reinonslraiM.'i ;
and tint if the treaty by which the IT. States a('<tn red it
h'lii nut been raliticd, woiiUl have beeoine, uif course, u
French colony. The inidcrNJi^ned bci.eve that the evidtm-e
of the asHent of i^jiain to that trunisfer has been |iroinnli;-at-
ed. They neither admit tlie alledj^ed (bsabilit> oi di(^
S|>anisii monarch, nor the nderence wliicli tiie Biili>»h
Pienipolenliaries would seem to deduce from it; on Ihu
contrary, theaiiisent was voluntarily ^iven in ihevear 1801,
by the hame king^ who, about the same time, ceded T in-
dad to (i. Britain, and prior to the lime when he was a^ain
en|»aj;ed in war with her. Tiie cession by France w isim-
medialely comnmnicutcd to G. Britain, no circumsta ce
aifectin^; it, and then within the knowledge oi the U. States,
being iulenlionally concealed from her. She expresMil
her satisfaction with it; and if in any possible state of the
case she would have had a right to quiMtion the Iraosaclioti,
it does not appear to the undersigned that she is now au>
thorised to do so.

After Nlaling, generally, that the proclamations of Gen-
erals Hull ami Smyth were iieillnT authorized nor a|)prov-
ed by their government, the undersigned could not have
expected that the British Plenipotentiaries would suppose
that their statement did not embrace Ihe only part of tho
proclamations which was a Niibject of consideration.

The undersigned had, indeed, honed, that by stating in
their note of the 9ih ultimo, that the government of the IJ.
States, from the commencement of the war, had been dis
posed to make peace without obtaining any cession of tt'hi-
lory, and by referring to their knowledge of Ihat disposi-
tion, and to instructions accordingly given from .hil\, 18 1 J,
to January, 1814, they would eifcclually remove the ini-
pressioti that the annexation of Canada lo the V. States w.is
the declared object of tlieir govcriunent. Not only have
the undersigned been disappointed in this expnctation, bnl
the oidy inference which the Jiritisli I'lrnipolenlianes havi;

▲mKMX.

aci

Uiooght proper to draw from this explicit ■tateinent, li«t
been, thai eitlier the American goveriioitnt by not giving
inNlructioiiM lubM^quent to tlie pucification of £uro|>e, or
the undersigned, by not acting under luch uittructiont,
(jfMve no proof uf a Hincere dettire to bring the urewent rego*
(Mationnto a favorable concluMion. The uudemigned did
nut nUnde, in reft>rence to the alledged intention to annex
Canada tu lite U. Slatex, to any iimtructiona given by their
^overnmeut Nut»Mei|ueiilly to January la«t, becan§e, asking
at thiN lime ior an uiceHMion of territory, it was only uf ita
previous dinpoHitinn that it appeared necessary to produce
uiiy pi'uiif. SueifuiieouM was ihe inference drawn by the
British Plenipottntiuries, in both reMj>ects, that it was in vir-
tue ot the iiiNtructiotis of June last, that the uudersigned
were enabied, in their note of the 24lh of Aug. to state, that
the causes ot the war between the U. States and G. Britain,
having disappeared, by the maritime paciiication of Europe*
they had been authorised to agree to its teriuination upon
a mutual restoration uf territory, and without making the
couchiition of peace to depend on a successful arrangement
of tiiose points on which differences had existed.

Consideinig the present state of this negociation, the un-
dersigned wili abNtain, at this time from adduciug any evi-
dence or remarks upon the iiiHuence which has been exerted
over the (iidian tribes inhabiting the territor'es of the U.
States, and the nature of those excitements which had •been
employed by British traders and agents.

The nrgiiments and facts already brought forward by the
luuiers.gned, respecting the politcal condition of those tribes,
tender it unnecesNary for them to make many observations
on those of the British Pienipotentianes on that subject.
The treaties of 1760, and 1783, were those principally al-
luded to by the undersigned, to illustrate the practice of
G. Britain. She did not admit in the first, nor require in
the last, any stipulations respecting the Indians who» in one
case, had been her enemies, and in the other, her allits, and
who, in both instances, fell by the peace within the doinin-
iuns of that power against whom liiey had been engaged
iq the preceeding war.

• The negociation of 1761 was quoted for the purpose of
proving, what appears to be fully established bv the an-
swer of England to the ultimatum of France delivered on

APPENDIX.

;^.

the first of Sr()lpniber of Ihnl year, thnl liis Britannic ma-
jesty 'w oil!d ^(M rpnonrue his right of pi olectiou over the In-
<li^ir ti»it'ion« rp|iitf^<!to he wi'hiii his dominions <hitl \s to
MTV. h^^KvpcM the Biitish settlements and tlie Mississippi^
^fr. Pitt's letltT, cited by the British Pienipotentiancs, far
from eojitradictinif th«l position, goes still further. It states
th:il •the fi\»tion ofthe new limits to Cnnada, as proposed
hv Franre, is intended to shorten the extent of Canada,
which was to herfeded to Eii&^hmd, aiut to lengthen the
honndanes of Lonistana, which France was to keep, and
in the view to estahhsh what mnst not he admitted, namely,
that ail which is not Canada is Louisitinn, whereby all the
intermediate nations and conntries, the true barrier to each
province, would be given up to France.' This is precise-
ly the principle uniformly supported by the undersigned, to
wit, that the recognition of a boundary gives up to the na-
tion, in whose behalf it is made, all the Indian tribes and
countries within that boundary. It was on this principle
lh;il the uridersigned have confidently relied on the treat''
of 17S3, what fixes and recognizes the boundary of the U.
S. without making any reservation respecting Indian tribes.
But the British Pleiiipolentiari.'s, unable to produce a
snli'lary precedent of one Etiropean power treating for the
savages inhabiting within the dominions of another, have
been compelled, in support of their principle, to refer to tlie
German empire, a body consisting of several independent
states, recognized as such by the whole world, and seper-
ately maintaining with foreign powers the relations belong-
ing to such a condition. Can it be necessary to prove thai;
there is no sorl of analogy between the political situation of
thes^ civilized communities, and that of the wandering
.tribes of North Auieriean savages ?
*'! In reftring to what the British Plenipotentiaries repre-
sent its alarming and no\ el pretensions, what G. Britain
can never recognize, the undersigned might complain that
these alledged pretensions have not been stated, either in
terms or in substance, as expressed by themselves. This,
liowever, is the less material, as any further recognition ot
them by G. Britain is not necessary nor required. On the
otherhund, they can never adm.t nor recognize the principles
or pretensions asserted in the course of this correspondenc*.
by the British Plenipotentiaries, and which, to them, ap-
pear novel and alarming.

AI'PENUIX.

a04

^ The arlit'Ii' pro|>o.s<><l by Uie Hriti.Hlt Plenipotenliaritiiiy in
their last note, not incluilni^tlie ludiiia triben as {'arlitH iu
the peace, ami leavinir tlie \J . Stvitt's free lo eflfetl lU object
in the uiudecoiisoiiaitt with the ivlutiojis which they l^ixc
coiiMlaiiHy niaiiitaiiied with ihostt- InU-s, partaking uUu of
the nature of an amnesty, aiui bi-)ni> ul the same tiiue recip*
rooal, \s not babic to that objection ; and accoril.s with the
views uniformly professe.) by the uu(lersi«;neil, of placing
these tribes precisely, and in every respect, in tlte same sit-
uation as that in which they stood before the commence-
ment > '^'hostilities. This article, thus proposm*; only what
the undersigned have so often assured the Brili!»h Pleiiipo-
tenliaries would necessarily follow, if indeed it has nut- al-
ready, as is highly probable, preceded a peace bilween G.
Britain a J the U. States. The undersigned agree to, ad-
mit it, iu instance, as a pruvUiunat article, su jcct, in the
manner orig^inally proposed by the British y^overt.uient, to
the approbation or rejection of the government of the IJ.
States, which, haviny; given no instriuhons to the under-
signed on this point, caunut be buuiid by any article they
may adpiit on the subject. i-jji.i,:

It will, of course, be understood, that if, unhappily peace
should not be the result of the present negociatiou, tiie arti-
cle thus conditionally agreed to shali be of no effect, and
shall not, in any future uegociation, be brought tprward byr
either party, by way of argument or preoedent.

This article having l>een presented, as an indispeusibie
preliminarVf and being now accepted, the undersigned re-
quest the British Plenipotentiaries to commuuicate to them
the project of a treaty embracing all the points di-cmed ma-
terial by G. Britain; the Ukidersigned engaging on their
part to deliver immediately after, a counter project with res-
pect to all the articles to which ihey may not agree, and on
the subject deemed material by the U. States, and, which
may be omitted in the British projt^ct.

■■>!% ^

JOHN a ADAMS,
J. A. BAYARD,
R. CLAY, .

JONA. RUFSKLL,
A. GALLATIN.

> « J

,.! « 2Vie Brilish to the American Commissioners.

Ghent,, October 21, 18M.
The undersigned have had the honor of ivceuiiig the
note of the American Plenipotentiaries of the l^th inst

.*,

# •

ilfi

I-

Ifi^

I (

:li

■ !' t

SG4

APPENDIX.

communicatinsf their nrceptance of tlie ;trlicie uiiicii tli<
tinde* signed li-ui proponed imi tlie stilijecl ot'liie puciHc:itioii
and ri^hU of the Indian natiotiii.

The undentig'nid are happy in lieino- (ijns relieved from
tlie necessily of recurnnsc to severni topics, which Ihon^h
they aroftein the coarse of their disnissions, have only ;ut
incidental connection wilh the dirt'erencc reinainini: lo lit.
adjn^ed between the two coiinlries.

With a view to this adjustment the undersigned prtfer-
ing^ in the present state of the negociation a general state-
ment of the formal arrangement of nrticles, are willinn- mi
far to comply with the request of the American Plenipoten-
tiaries contained in their last note, as to wave the udvan •
ttfjjres to which ll't-y think ihey were fairly entitled, of requi
intf from them the first project of a treaty.

Theundersigiied haiving stated at the first conference tic.
points upon which his iimjesly's government considered
the discussions between the two countrieii as likely to turn,
cannot better satisiy the request of the American Plenipo-
tentiaries than by referring them to that contierence for »
statement of the points which, lu the opinion of his majesty's
government >el remains to be iidjugted.

With respect to the forcible seizure of mariners from on
board merchant vess Ls on the high »eas, and the right ot
the kinff of G. Britain to the ahegiance of all his subjects,
and with respect to the maritime rights of the British em>
pire the undersigned coitceive, that alter the pretensions as-
serted by the gtiVernment of the U. States, a more satisfac-
tory proof of tlie conciliatory spirit of his Majesty's govern*
luent cannot b^ given than >o\ requiring any stipulation on
those subjects, which thoiig|) most important in themselves,
11^ longer in consequence of tl}e ntarilime pacification of
Europe, produce the same practical results. *

On the subject of the fisheries the undersigned expressed
with so much frankness at the conference already referred to,
the viewsof their goveromtnt, that they consider any further
observations on that topic as unaecessary at the preseultime.

Oil the question of the boundary between the dominions
of Ins majesly and those of the U. Slates, the undersigned
are led to expect from the discussion which this subject has
aJready undergone, that the northwest boundary from tin;
lake ol the Woods to the Mississippi, the intended arrange-;
ment of 189-3, wdi be admitted without objection.

APPENDIX

:J05

ave oiilv ;ni

In re««;ar<l to oUur boundaries llic American Pieni|»oJen-
tiarie» m iheir note of An;::"'*' -*^^l^» apptaretl in some raea-
Mirt lo obJHrt to the jtroposilioiis tlicii iimde l»y the under-
signed as«h«' basis of Hti possidetis. The undersig-ned ar«
M'lltiii^- lo treat oiitlr.it liasis, sultjert to 8iich moditicatioii«
ns auitiial eonvenieiico may be foniMi to require, .n.d tliey
trust thatthe Aniericuii PicMipotenlianrs will shew by their
leady acceptance of tins basis, tliat they duly appreciate
the ni«)deratioii of his majesty's t^overnmcnt in so far con-
siilliug the honor and fair pretensions of the U. States as in
the relative situation of the two countries, to authorise such
a proposition.

The undersigned avail themselves of this opportunity to

renew to the American Plenipotentiaries, the assurance of

their high consideration. iura

. . GAMBIER,

> H.GOULBURN,

.-t.ti ., . ,' u,'u . ■ ,...'i ^>:t i ■ W. ADAMS.

ii>;

l.iM

I ■■>.

The American to the British Cummissioners. »Jj . j
' i= (jHEKt, Oct. 24, 1814.

The undersigned have the honor to acknowledge the
vccei|>t of the note of the British Plenipotentiaries of the
2 1st inst.

Amongst the general observations which the undersign-
ed, in their note of the 'i4th Aug. made on the propositions
then brought forward on the partot' 'he British government,
they remarked that these propositicr.^ were founded neith-
er on the basis of uti possideliSt nor on that of status ante
bellum. But so far were they from suggesting the uti pos-
.sidetis as the basis on which they were disposed to treat,
that in the same note they expressly stated that they had
been instructed to conclude a peace on the principles of
both parties restoring whatever territory they might iiave
taken. The undersigned also declared in that note, that
they had no authority to cede any part ot the territory of
the U. States, and that to no stipulation to thaleti'ect would
they subscribe ; and in the note of the Ulh Sept. after hav-
ing shewn that the basis of uti possidetis, such as was known
to exist at the commencement of the negociation, give no
claim to his Britannic raajesly to cession of territory found-
ed upon the right of conquest, they added that even if the
chances of war should i?ive to the Br^tl^!l arms n nr>mcntii-

r '

30ti

APPLNUIX.

Urs.

. 1

ill

I !

ry possession of other purls of Ihe Urritorv ^'f tlie V. Stat
kiicli eventd would iiul ulU^r their views wiUi ret^aici lo tiic
terms of peace lowhicli Ihey would (r;vc tlieir coiiHciit.
• The uudersi^iied can now only repeat those declaral ions
and decliitt Irealinj;^ njion Ihe btisis ut uli |K)sMdelis, or uiu
on any other nrinciple involving a cession ut anv part ot
the leirilory 4>f the U. blates. As they have unitornilv
staled, they can treat only upon the pnnnple of inntii<tl re-
storation of whatever territory may have been taken jty
either party. Fnnn this prniciph- they <rannol rece<U^ ami
the undersigned after the repeated declaratiuiis ot ihe Ik]-
tish Pleiiipotesiti.iries, that li. Britain had n<» v^ew lo ac-
quisition of territory, in this iieguciation, deem it necessary
to add, thai the utility of its continuance depends on their
adherence to this principle.

The Uiidersigned having- declared in iheir note of the 21st
of Aug. that although instructed and prepared to enter into
an amicaUle discussion of all the putnts, on which diti'er-
ences or uncertainty had existed, and which might hereaf-
ter tend to interruftt the harmony of the two countr.es, they
would not Diake the conclusion of tlie peace at al! depend
upon a successful result oi he discussion, and having since
agreed to the preliminary li. licle proposed by the Biiti.h
government, had b«?lieved <i\at the negociation already so
long protracted, could not be brought to an early conclu-
sion, otherwise than by the communication of a projet^t em-
bracing all the other K|)ecificpropositioi.s which G. Britai:*
intended to offer. They repeat their request ir. that rcf,-
pect aud will have no objection to asimu taneousexchaPj^e
of the projects of both parties. This course will brincf
fairly into discussion the other topics embraced in the last
note of the British Plenipotentiaries, to which the under-
signed have thuiigiit it necessary lo advert at the presejit time.

The undersigned renew lo the British PiempoleutiarieK
the assurance t)f iheir high consideration. XV

. .]. Q. ADAMS, JON A. KUSSELL, >t .
J. A. BAYAllD, A. GALLATIN, c
H. CLAY,
, 'Ihe BiUiih to Ihe American Commissioners.

Ghent, October a 1st, 1814.

The undersigned have the lionor to acknowledge the re-
ceipt of the note addressed lo them by the American Pleni-
potentiaries on the 21lh inst. in which they object lo the

APPENDIX.

367

basis of uli possidetis proposed by Ihe undrrsi^ed as that
on whirli IIh v are willing to Irenl in rt giird to part of the
Ixinthlaries lu>tv\een the dotniniuiis of \ns Majtst) and those
of the U. States.

The Amerirftn Pleni|>otenliaries in iheirnote of the 13lh
inst. rerpK sIkI the iiudeistoriu'd to rominaoirale to them
Ihe piojeet of ;i treaty enihracin;^ all the pointH iiiNiMted on
hv (i. Brilain, euj^ai^'iiio^on their part to deliver imme»liate-
Iv after a roonlre project as to all the artielefiio which they
iniLcht no* affiee, and as to all the Mubjecl^ deemed material
bv thr V. btates, and omitted in the project of the uiiuer-
siofne<l.

The nndersis^ned were accordintrly instructed to wave
th»^ question of etiquette and the advantag^e which miuht
result from receivnig: the first couinmiucatuin, and, contid-
ing- in »'ie ei'gati^emeMt of the American Plenipotentiaries,
conuimuicated in their note of the -2 1st inst. all the points
upon which they are instructed to insist.

The American Plenipotentiaries have oi>jected to one es-
sential part of the project thus communicated : but before
the undersijTned can enter into the disnission on this ob-
jection, they must require from the American Plenipoten-
tiaries tha', pursuant to iheir en5:^a!]cement, they will deliver
a counlre project containing n!l their objections to the points
submitted bv the undersijrned toji-elher with a statement of
such further points as the government of the tJ. States con-
sider to be material. !'->..(•'•;. ,'■ . «

The undeisiffiied ar^ authorised to state distincl]y» that
the article as to the pacificaiion and rights of the Indian
nations havino- |>een accepted, they have brought forward
in thetrnote of the 21st inst. all the propositions they have
to ofter. They have no farther demands to make, no other
stipulations on which they are instructed to insist, and they
are empowered to sign a treaty of peace forthwith in con-
formity with tho«e staled in their former note.

Tiie undersigned trust, therefore, that the American
Plenipotentiaries uill no longer hesitate to bnng forward
in the form of articles or otherwise, as they may prefer,
those specific propositions upoii which they are empowered
»o sign a treatv of pence between the two countries.
' -^^ i GAMiiIEK,

' ' ' * HKNKY GOUUUTRN,

■ ' ■ '■' ^- ' ■ W. ADAM}?.

«->

i I

3ds

APPEND! .K.

*«' f* ^0 m«^: TREATY OF FE.ICK,
JAMES MADISON.

PRESIDF.XT OP TIIK ITNITF.D STATKS 0FA3IER1(:4.

T't nU and ningulnr to w/tom Uw*r. preatntt akaU come, UrttUng •
'. WliEUh^ AS ii treaty of piuce unid eight hundred and fourteen, by the Ptenipo-
tccw.irieti res(»eclively appointed for that purpose ; and the
said treaty having been, by and with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate of the U. Slates, duly accepted, ratiiled,
and conHrmed, on the seventeenth day^of February* one
thoti<saiid eight hundred and tifteen ; and rautied copies
thereof havinjj been exci>an<^i:d agreeably to the tenor ol
the suid i ealy, which is lu Uu- words following, to wit:

'i reahj o/ peace andamitij Ochi'een his Hritanniv Ma- . ,
jcsly (tnd the diUed tSlates of America.

His Brilaiinic majesty and the IJ. Slates of Amerir;;,
desirous of teruiinating the war which has unhappily sub-
misled between the two countries, and of restoring-, upon
principles ot perfect reciprocity, peace, friendship, and
good understanding between iheni, have, for that purpose,
appointed their respective Plenipotentiaries, that is to say :
his Britannic majesty, on his part, has appointed the righl
honorable James lortl C'ambiei\ late Admiral of the whiti,
now Aflmiralofthe red squadron of his majesty's fleet, '/c/^r;/
Oimlburn, Esquire, a member of the iinptrial pailianieiil
and under secretary ofstafe, and \\ iilunn Adaws, Esqnirt,
doctor of civil laws: — and the President of the IJ. States,
by and with the advice and consent of the senate thereof,
Jias ap|)ointed John Quincif AdamSy James A. liayard-^
Henry Claff, Jonathnti Jtussallt and Albert CaUatitiy c\\i-
zensv.*'the LT. States, who after a reciprocal commiinicii-
lion of their respecli .^ full powers, have agreed upon llu
following articles :

ARTICLE rUF FIKST.

There sha!l be a firm and universal jieare between h\i-
Brilannic majesty and the United Stales and between their
respective countries, territories, cilies, towns, and people
of every degree, without exception of places or persons
All hostilitK s, both by sea and kind, shall cease as soon n.-i
this treaty shall have been ralitied by both parties, as here

AJ^PKNIHX.

dd^

inafler iDcnlioned. All hriiUiry, places ami poasessions
^lititHUi Vi:r, l/tki-ii from eillitr |ii»ilv l>> llic olliei, tiuriMg
the Mur, or whuli inu\ he lakeii atlir the sii>iiiiig ut thin
trt'uty, excepting only Ihc islaiuls here luaJitr iiieiilioi't'il,
siisillhe re^lortd uithuut deiay, and >\ithout causing- any
♦leHtriicljoii, or carrNinir avvav any ot" the artjller\ or olher
puhlic p|-(ip(M'tv originally ca] tiir<-(l in the MU.d torls or
places, and which shah remain Ihcrt in n|'on lh«? i xchaogu
ol l\u ralificalioi.H ot this Irealv, or any siavis or other nri-
Vule properlv. And all archives, recitrtU, deeds, and pa-
pers, either ot" a puhlic n.tture, or beloi gi<.«j to private per-
<MMiN, which, ill the course ol the war, inuy have fallen into
ihe hand» of the oHicers ot either parts, shall he, as iiir as
may he praelicahte, ioilhvvith re.sloretl aixl dcHVLutl to the
projxr aulhoriti.es and persons to wiiom Iht y lesjjtctively
helonp^. Such of the islands lu the has ol l\«ssam;«(pio dy
as are claimed hv holh parlies, sha>l reman m tla |(>sses-
sioii ot the partv in whose occUj alion lhc\ ina\ le at the
lime of the exchaM«e ot the lal.iications ol this Unatv, un-
til the decision rcspeciiii;^ the title to the said isiaiMis shall
havehcen made in conl'ormdy with ihefcurlh article ot this
treaty. No disposition made hy this treaty, as to such pos-
session of the islands and ten ilones claimed by holh par-
ties, shall in any mam. er vshatever, he construed to atiect
Ihe right of either. , ,

AKTlCLi: THE SKCOXD.
Immediatt;Iy alter the ralilication ol this treaty hy both
parlies, as heicniM'ter mentioned, orders sha:! be sent to
thv: armies, squadrons, oHicers. suhjects and cili/.eiis, ol the
two powers to cease from all hostilities : and to preven* all
causes of complaint which miij;hi arise on account ot ihfc
prizes which may be taken at sea alter die said ralifica-
hons of this treaty, it is reciprocally aa;reed, that all vessels
and elVecls which may bi- taken aittr the space ot twelve
days h om the said ratilications, upon all parts of the eoast
<>i North America, from ihe latitude of lvvent\-lhree degrees
north, to the latitude of fifty degrees north, ami as far east-
ward in the Atlantic ocean, as Ihe thtrls-sixth de<^n < of
west loiitj;ilu{le from the meridian ol Greenwuh, sliall be
restored to each side. That ihe lime shall he thirty tlavs
111 all oilier parts of the Atlantic t cean, north of the i qui-
nocl?al line or ecpiator, and the sauie lime fot tiie BrilisU

!i! 1 .» ;. 47 , ■ :-; . ' ns ,fj

iii

t n

•iJ

'i i

!'^

- '

870

.4M>i;M>rx.

i»n<1 Irish rlnniiclN, for the Ciiilf of ISFcmco aud »!) (isirU ol*
llie West IihIhh; forty <Isivh tor the IVoith Siuh, tor the
|iiiili<*« :iiKt ioi^ull |t:irl«( ollhf' ,'\)e<iitei'raru'Hii ; Mixty tiavK
tor th<' AMnntic oreiin noiith of Ihe equator as fur an the hit-
itiulr ot the Ciipr of Vhhh\ I lope ; ninety tlay« for every
pari of lh«* wtirhl south of the cquulor ; niul one huiicirefi
iind twenty t\n\H for all other parts of the world, without ex-
ception.

ARTirtft TIIK THinlJ.
All prisoiirrs of wjh- lakt n on eilht-r side, as well hy land
as l»y st'ji, sli;dl he restored s<s soon as praetuuble after the
iMttticiition of this lr«^Mtv, as hereuiidter mentioned, on their
p;>vni!;' the (hi)lN which they may have contracted durm^jf
ihi'ir captivity. 'I'he two eonlractiiii»- parties respectively
fn;4^;ij^t* to <t.sch;»riye in specie, the a<l\ances winch may
have been nnide iiy ihi'oti.ei' for the sustenance and uiaui-
tenance of such prisoners.

AIMJC'LF TIIK rnuuTii. ;<.....

- "When as it was stipulated l>y thti second article in the
treaty olpeocc, of one thoii'^ai-dsfxen hundreil and ei<;htV-
three, lu'l ween his r>ntatniic majesiy and ti.e IT. Stales of
America, that the honndaiy oi the U. Staters should com-
prehend all islands witliin lv\nitv leiiones of ai-y psirt of
the slnu'es ol Ihe V . Stales, and Ivin^' i>elv\een hues to be
<lra\vn due easl iroin the i»oi;ls uli< re the aforesaid houn-
<laries, between Nova Scot in, on the one part, an«l East
Korida (HI the other, shall respectively touch the bay of
Fuiuly, and the Atlantic ocean, exceptmi*' such islands as
now are, or heretofore ha\e been, within the limits of Nova
Scotia ; and wheieasthe several islands in the Bay of Pas-
Hammnquoddy, which is part ot the Bay of Fimdy, aiid the
islainl of Grand Menan in the said IViy of Fmidy, a'e
daiiiied by the [I. Slates as b'^inti^ com|>rehended within
their aforesaid boundaries, which said ishuuts are claimed
as IwloMi^ino" lo his Britannic majesty, ns havinj[>; been at the
time of, and previous to, the atoresaid treaty of one thou-
SHint srven hundred and eiuhly three within the limits of
the province of N;»va Scotia : in order, iherefore, finally to
deciile Uj»on these claims, it is ajrree<l that they shall be re-
ferred to I wo coinniissioners, to be appoinle<l in the fol-
low niij manner, vi/. one commissioner shall be apj)Oinled
by !»•» Britannic majeslv, and one by the President of the
U. States, by and wilh ihe advice and consent of the seuatc

iiPPf^NDlX.

871

,^f*^ti'-{ mu-

thereof, and the nan] two t'oinini^tMOiH th so nppointri) shall
t>e sworn iiu|*iirliail> io c-viMiiiiu! tiud lUcuit* ii|)«>ii the said
claiiiiM accoriiuiu' lo KUrh fHtUncc an sinill itc hint In'tore
thcni oil the part ot his linlaiiiiu* niujrstN and ot the I'liited
Stales respectively . 'I'te >ai(l eniniiiisN outTN shall meet at
.St. AiulrewH, iiillu' provmeeol New liriiiiswiek, and shall
have power to adjoum to siuh other plure or ptaceH as they
.shall think Hi. Tiie >aid <-(>iiiiiii!<isu»iierM shall, by a deela«
ration or report under their liaiidM and seals, tlernle to
uhieh of the two eontraclin^ parties the several islands
atoresnid i\o respectively beloiiu>, in contorniitv with I lie
true intent oi the saul treuly of peace ot one tiiousand seven
hundred and eiuhlv -three. And it the said couinnssi oners
shall a^ne in their decision, buth parlies hIiuiI consider
.snch decision as iinai and conctnsive. il is further agreed,
that in the event of the two coniniis.sioiier» diHierin^ Ujion
all or anv of the matters so relerred to them, orin :he event
of both or either ot the said coinnnssioners refiisi.i^ or <le«
dining-, or w ill'udy omitting to act as snch, they sltull make,
jointly or separately, a report or reports, as well to the ^ov-
erniiie.it of his Brilannic mnjesty as to that of the U. Slates,
stating' in delad the points on which they ditt'er, and the
G^rounds upon ^vhich their respective opinions have been
formed, or the *j^rounds upon which the\, or either of them,
have so retustd. declined, or omitted lo act. And his Bri*
tannic niajestv, and the government of the U. States here-
by agree to refer the report or reports of the said commis-
sioners, to some friendly sovereign orsiale, to be then nam-
ed for lhat]>urpose, and who shall be requested to decide oo
the differences which nia\ be slated in the satd report or
reports, or u on the report of one commissioi.er, to^^etiier
with the grounds upon which the other commissioner shall
have refused, dechneii or omitted to ac. as ihe case may be.
And if the commi^sio. ers, so reiusnig', declining', or omit-
tin^j^to act, sh.ill also wiliuiiy umil to stale the grounds up*
on which he has so done, in such manner that the said
statement niav be rtitrred lo such fr>endly sovereign or
state, together with the report oi such other commissioner,
tlien such sovereigM or s>ate shall decide ex parte U|>on the
said report aioiie. And Ins Britannic majesly aid the
government of the U. Stales engage to consider the deci-
sion of some fneiidlv M)veretgnor stale to be :»uch and con*
elusive on all the mailers .:o referred. ,■.■■■ . , -., . . .>,.f

I' , •

■Mr' «

1 ! .

."*

lii;

37e

;^J

AI*VCMUi:.

■" AP.TH l.r, TIIK FfFTII. ^ "

^^ .ifrcns iieillifr tliiit |MMiit ot Ilit* tn^MiiiHlsi iv liii^ ciiu
noillt troiii lilt' Koiinc of |Jk» nvrr Si. C'nux, ;tiul jI MirmiU
«d <n Ihe toriiiei* trmty of luiUT lielwrt-n llic Iwo |to\«(nt :ik
\Uf iu»rllnvfHt »r»c:l«' of ISuvji Sc-olin, iiuw ihc norlli-wcs-
tei'iiinoNl ',,vHi\ <tl ('oiincrtinit ri\»M hn', not ln^en anccrl •.lin-
ed ; siimI wltfi'oas tiiat p.irl of tli<> htMi.idiiry line hflwccii ilic.
(loiniiiioii ot IIk; two powers whirli cxl* mis from llie sutirce
of iIk river St. Croix direelly north to the aboveinentioued
north-west nii^le of No\}i ^t•oll:l, thence uloiigp the nuuI
liiirhlniids which divide thoMC ri\ers that emptj theniNetveh
into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall mio the
Atlantic ocean to the north-weslernmosi head of Connecliciit
i'iv«i, thince down alon<rlhe middle ot the river to the for-
tv-Hfth detfree of north latitude; ihence hv a line due west
on said latitude imiii it str kes the nv< r Iroquois or Cata-
raj^in , has not yet Ik'< n snrve>e<l : — (l is ajrretd that for those
several piirxoscs two < omnii^sioiierH sha;l he appointed,
sworn and aiilhonsed, lo act exiictiy in the manner direct-
ed with rcsfrect to those inentiowed m tiie next preceding
article, unless otiierwiso sj ( cititd in the present article.
The snid cnmniissioners hhatt meet at St. Andiews in
the province of New-lirunswick, and shall have |>ower to
j[id|Otirn to such other place or places us they shall think
iii. The s;nd coinmissiouers shall have power to as-
certain and dcturmiiie lite points abo^e menlioiied, in con-
formity with the provisions of the said treaty of pe:ice
of one thousand seven hundred ai.d eighty-three, and shall
cause the honndary aloresaid. from the souict) of the river
Si. Croix to the river Iroquois or C.tiurag'ny, to be survey-
ed and marked according to llie said provision;^. The said
commissioners sh:ill make a map of the said boundary, and
annex to it a dt^laration under their ha (Is and seals, certi-
fyii g; It to be ti.e true map ot die said boundary, and par-
ticuhu'i/.in^j^ the latilmie and longitude of the north-west an-
gle *)f Nova Scoliit, of the nortli-weslenimost head of Con-
necticut river, ad of such otjur por.its of tlie same bounda-
ry as they mu\ deem proper Aixl both parlies agree to
coiiKider such map and (teclaralion as litudly and conclu-
sively fixing the sani boumiarv. And in the event of the
bald Iwocommis-i oiers ditier.ntr, or both, or either of them,
refusing' or declining, or wilfuiiy omitting' lo act, such re-
ports, <lecl:ujiliois, or slalemer.ls, sliall be made by them,
or either of ihtuj, and buch rdereuce to a tnciKilv sov(ji-

A1>PRXDIX.

876

eiqfii or ^\'t\*', ^liall l>r niiHip. in nil r^«»p«rl« a< in ll»r Inlter

|mrt

ni' th«' Courlh .iniclf ih coiititiiKNl, .tiiil in n^full a iiiaii-

ur iiM il lilt !»;iiii«: wns li« mil r<-|M*:Ut it.

Al(iiri> TIIK MXTII.

Wliercas l>v lliv Ionium- trr;ity ol |i<>-,ire th:it fiortion ol
the lHMiii(ltirv ot llii* II. St:iU'H irom ilir |>oiiit wlirre tli^
iort\-titlli iicurrtt ot iiorlli liitiiudc Hlrikfx lh«- rwcr lroc|uoi»
or Cutiini(i^ii\ lo ilie Itikc hii|)cri(ir, HaN(U'chu'f*(l to Ix; 'uIod^
\hf. iiiuldic III Mill river mio hike Oiituno, throii|rh thf
uiiiiflle of Kind hike iiniil il sliiki h the roniiiiiiiiK'MlM'ii Uy
WHier hetwi en that lake fui'l l;>ke Krie, lhfti<e aloiiir the
niidclle of Naid eoiiiiiiiiiii
middh

to lake Kne, throti^h Ih^
'il the water (oiiiiiiindca-
i!oti<;h the middle ol H-.wd

ude ot Kiiid lake iiiiii
tion into the hike lliinMi,

luke to the water eoiiim itti<>>t helvvfM'ii that lake and

lake Super. or* And Mtn-n'Uit d:)iiht<ii have arisen what
wnMthe niuidie of mimI river, luke», and water coiiiimniica-
tioiiN, and u hether certain iHhiiids lyinf^ in the itame were
'within the doininioiiN of Iiih Hntaiiiiie iii;)jeNty or of die U.
States : in ordt r, therefore, tinally lo dec ide these donhtH,
they shall he retened to two eoiniiiHsionerK, lo he appoint'
ed, sworn, and aulhoriNed lo act exuetly in the manner di-
reeled with respeel to those mentioned in the next |>rered-
ing' arlicli-, unless otherwise speeitied in tins pit sent arti-
cle. The said commissioners shall meet, ni the Hrst in-
stance, at Aihany, in the stale of Nev\-Vork, and shall
have power to adjourn to such other phiet; or ..laces as they
shall think tit. The said eoinmissioners shall hy n re|)ort or
declaration, under then* hands and seals, designate the
boundary through the said rivi-r, lakes, and water comniu-
Tiicalioiis, and decide lo which of the two contracting par-
ties the several islands lying within the said river, lakes,
niid water cotumunieations, do i'es|)eclively heiong, in cou-
Ibrmity with the true in'ent of the said treaty of one thou-
sand seven hundred and eighty-three. Aiid hoth imrlies
agree lo consider such <lesignatioii and decision as final
and conclusive. And in the event of the said two commis-
sioners dittering, or holh, or either of them, refusing, declin-
ing, or wilfully omitting to act, such reports, declarali<)ns,
or statements, shall he iir.ule hy them, or either of Ihem,
and such relerence to si triendly sovereign or state shall hi-
made in all n*sp< <!ts as in the hit er pari of ll:e tonrth arti-
cle iscantaim»d,and in nsfnil :i manner as if the sune was
Jjcrcin repeated. ■' ' ' . ' ^ ' ■ ' • --

ii;li

IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)

1.0

1.1

11.25

iSiUi 125
!S¥* J2j2

1 2.0

Hiotographic
.Sciences
CorporatiQn

23 WIST MAIN STRUT

WnSTIR.N.Y. UStO

(716) 172-4303

'0-^ ^U

,^.

•^

a74

APJPEMIIX*

lli ^

■i -H

iJ^i

•r ARTICLt: THE Sf:VENTII. i^if^fjV.H

II is further n^recil ihiil Uie Kaicl iwo la^<t mentioned t^in-
roiNsioners after they Hhnii have exectiteil Uic «iiilie«t:iiisiirii.
ed to them in the preceUitti^ sii ttde, Nhull he, ami iht y are
hereby authuriseci, uftoii their oaltiH iin|mrtially to ti\ nud
deteriuiiie, according; to tiie irue liitent ot the Nsiid treaty ut*
peace, of one thouxand iteven htuidred and ei$rlity-ii ree,
that part of the Itouiidiiry hetAvren the dominion.** of the I mo
powers, which extendM fnnn the water conimuuicatioH l»'-
iweeii lake Huron and lake Superior, to tiie inoxt nor'.h-
wesleni point of the htke of the VVoods to decide to whicli
of the two parlies the ^»eve^ai isiandn lyni^ in the lakes, \%'4-
ter' commuiiicatioiiM, and rivers, furmiiiuf the natd bouintary,
do reitpeclively belong*, in coufurmily with the true iiite.it
of the said treaty of peace of one thousaiid seven hundred
and eighty-three i and to cause such parts of the si ni Ixiun-
dary, as require it, to be surveyed and marked, 'i'lie said
commissioners shall, by a report or deciaration under their
hands and seals, designate the boundary aforesaid, state
their decision on the poinLs thus reierred to them, and par-
ticularise tlie latitude and longitude of (he most north-wes-
ternmost point of the lake of the Woods, and of such other
parts of the said boundary as they may deem profier. And
both parties agree to consider such designation and dt et-
sion as final and conclusive. And in the event of the said
two commissioners (hti'enng, or IkUIi, vr either of them re-
fusing, declining, or wilfully oin (tiiii); to act, such i-e|)orts
declarations, or statements, shall be made by them, or eilh-
cr of them, and such reference to a tnendly sovereign or
slate, shall be made in all respects, as in tlie latter pait of
the fourth article is coatained, and in as full a manner as if
the same was herein repealed.

.. AKTlCm THE EIGHTH.

. The several boards ot two coniniissioners mentioned in
the four preceding articles, shHJl reH|.eclively have power
to appoint a secretary, and to eiiipto) such surveyors or
other persons as they shall judge necessary. Uufdicales of
all their respective reports, declarations, staienienLs, and de-
cisions, and of« their accounts, and o( the jtnirnal ot ther
proceedings shall be delivered by them to the agents ot his
Britaniiic majesty, and to the agents ot the (J. ^)tates who
may be respectively appomled and aulln»rised to manage
the biisiuess on behalf otlheirrespectivegoverniuetils. Tne
ckUid coiimiissionei's shall be res^iecUveiy pajd in such man-

APPEMDtX.

d7d

mentioned com-
'■ liiitit-HiiiiM^ii.
', himI )hf V iire
liy to ti\ niid
' Nsiid treaty of
I eijrJiiy.U r***',
uiiit of the lv%o
iiuiiieatioH It'-
le iiioMt iior'.ti*
cid« to whicli
the lakes, \»-i-
ftaid bouiiitary*
the true itUe.tt
ieveii hundred
ihest Id tMMiii-
id. 'INie .said
>ii uiKler their
iforeNiiid, (itute
hem, and |»ar-
oitt north- wes-
of Kuch oilier
1 pro|»er. And
tioii unci d< i'i>
LMit of the said
er ot tlieiik re-

Hiich re I Kilts
them, or eilh-
\ soveiei^ii or

l-alier put of
J. iiiiuiiier as if

*i >■••• ^-f^i^^H*

mentioned iii
\ have power
snrveyors or
lJii|dicaleN of
neiiUs, and de-
iirnul ot ther
HtfeiitK ot his
. htates who
t;d to mantig^e
iimetilM. Tiie
in such uiau>

lif r ns shall be agreed lietwecH the t«vo contracliiisr |mHies,
mieh Hj^reenieni l»eiiiiif to be neltleit a> the time of the ex-
dniuure of the ratiticalioiiB of this treaty.— > A i»d all other
ex|ie u'eN atteiidin^c the hum) commiiMiotierw shaH bedefmy-
e<l ((lually by the two parlies. And in the ciute of death,
8 I'kiieHN, leMi^naluin, or ^ec^^isury absence, the place ofev*
ery Miieh conimiHMioner I'eMftectiveiy hhull be supplied in
the same inaniitr asHUchconmiissioiier whs lirsi upf>oiiited^
and the new couiiniMNioaer NJiail lake the same oath or af-
tirniitiion, and do the same tiutieN. U is further agreed
iietweeo the two coittract ng' parties, that in case any of the
ishiiuU mentioned in niiy of the preceduig articles, which
^%ere in possewstuii of one of the p:trties prior to the com*
me .eeinent ot the |)reseiil war t»etM^en tlie two countries,
should by the deci>iton ot any of the boards ot commission-
ers aforesaid, or ot the so\ereiirii or state so referred to aft
in tliM four next preceding arlu'les coiUained, fall within
. the dotiiinioisH of the other parly, all grants of laud made
jiievious to the couiuient'einetil of the war by the party hav-
ing had such |3ossesMioit, shall be as valid as if such island
or Islands, hud by such deciMion or <lecisions, l)een adjudg-
ed lo be within tlie dominions of the parly having had such
possession.

K K'JI CLE TU K N I N T II.
The IT. Slates ot Anu'ncu eu;»a«^e to pul an end, im-
mediately a ler the ratiticaiion of the present treaty, to lios-
titilicH, with all the tril>es or oittions i>f Indians with whom
they may be at war, at the lime of such raliiication, and
lorlhvvith to restore to such tribes or nalions, respectively,
all the possessions, righls and privilfges, which they may
liave enjoyed or been entitled lo in liil 1, previous fo such
hoslihlies: provided always, that such Iribes or nations shall
agree lo desist from all liostililies against the U. Slates of
America, their cilizens and subjects, upon the ratiticatioti
of the present treaty beii<g nolihed losnch tribes or nations,
and shall so desist accordingly. And his Britannic ma-
jesty engages, on his part, lo pul uii e*ul, immediately
uf.er Ihe ratificalion of the present treaty, to hostilities,
with all the tribes or nations of Indians with who|n he
may be at war, at ihe time of such raldicalion, and forth-
with lo restore lo such Ir.bes or nations resperlively, all
the possessions, r:ghts and privileges, which they may
have tnjo^cdoi- been enliliedl^j in the year 1811, previous

i 5

'■^?

;i70

APtBNUtX.

to such lioslililitin : |irovide<l always tbal such tribe^ or ns'
liuiiHtihnll n^rce to «)«iiisi from all huniililieM aj^a imiI bw Bri-
tannic majesty aiitl his subjtncUi, upon the rattticalion ot Ihe
present treaty being nutiii«d to imch lribe» or DaUoiM» and
!thall 80 desist accordingly.

ARTICLE THIS TENT If. -»»*!*' j ^rj.*-

Whereas the traffic in slaves l^ irreconcilable m'ith the
principles of humanity and ju8lice, and whereas l«oth hit
Majcity and the United SUites are desirous of coiilmning
Uieir e0'orts to promute it» entire aliolilion, it i» hereby
ai^rted tliat both the contracting^ parties shall use their best
endeavors to accomplish so desirable an objects; ti«i. .

^. ABriCLE THE ELKVkNTK.'

This treaty* when the same shall liaveieen ratified on
both sides, without altd.itioii by eithei- of llie ctM.lr.ictiiig'
parties and ihe i atiiications mutally excliaii|^ed, shall be
bindinjjf on both parlies, aiul the raiiH<'ati«>ns shall be ex-
chanpfedat Wiushint^ton, in (he space uf four uiuitlhs from
this day or sooner tf practicable* ;mj"ja .»*,;*

In faith whereof, we, the respective Plenipotentiaries, have
. signed this treaty, and have Ihereuntu affixed our stals.
Done, in tri|)licate, at Ghent, the tweiity-iourth day of
Derember,oiiethou.saiid eiy^lit hundred and fourteeu»

4»

(V. a)
Cl. s.)
(h. s.)
(L. s.)

(L. S.)
(L. S.)

(l. s.)

{h. S.)

•«l f'l--

GAMBIKH,

IIENUV GOtILBURI>r,

WILLIAM ADA VIS,

JOHN a ADAiM;?,

.1. A. BAYAHD, a mi>
H. CLAY, fi'ffi,Um«

JOIN A. Ur'^'^ELL, ^liUi*
A GALL. i\. me

Now therefore, tu the end that (he sflid treaty ot \u ^rv ant' aiuily may
be observed with gaot) faith, on the part of th : U. Hiates, I, Junics Miiili'
i9on, President as aforesaid, tiare c>(used the preiiiiscs tu be itiade |iubllc ;
and I do hereby enjoio all persons bearine; of ice, civil or inttilary, with-
iotheU. States, and all other ciiisens or inhabitants thereof, or bfinQ
within the same, fai Jifully to observe aitd fulfil the said treaty and every
i.lause and article thereof.
In testimony whereof, I have caused she seal of the U States to be affix

(ij. 8.) ed to these presents, and nivned the same \vith my hand
Done at the city of Washingtun, this eiirhteenlh day of February, in Ihe

year of our Lurd one thousand eight hundred and fifteeo, and of She
. sovereignty and independence uf the U. Stales the thirty ninth.

By the Pr.^;ldent, JAMES MADISOJ^.

JAMfi^ MONROE, AcUng Seerelary of S!ale.

it^ii»}.-

iUM

Jtitftfjirsi^'fA

??ri:

I tribes or na-

^a tMi bw Bri-

Hcaliuri of llie

Dulioiia, and

^^^.,»^ LIST OF VES.^ELS^ r- -^-, .--

TAkBV yftOM GREAT BRITAIN, BY TUG rUBUC AN]>
PRIVATE AUAieO VCSSKM <>r Till;: UNITED STATESy

DVRLS'G TUE irjR.

Js'atnet nfve$tela.

I scli'r. WbitiDgtt
brig UiyMM

3 bri(( Gjrpftey

4 brig Pickerine
a -"hipRoba &i. Betsey
H ihi|i IJl^argaret

7 'raiispurt No. fiO»

8 ^rig Bloodhound*

9 Moop—
I0-2CJI1 transport boats*

2 1 -«hip Concord

22 Mg Elbe
2d brig Hermm
24-2' H brig and acb'r

26 ship Jane

27 ^hip Emperor

28 iibip Experiment
2d-32 % ships and bri^s
3d

chV Wade
brig Eliza
35-37)3 shallops
38
39
40
41
42

\6
47
48
4»

brig-
loop Endeavor
brig Juoo

urig—

nkin Ay the f Jrrittd ai

Hampton Roa4l.

Norfiilk t»

New-York
Gloueesier
Charleston
iPortland
jGloocester
Aiinapolia
Potneyville
Oicdensburg
Salem

do.

do.
Oloucesteh

Gun Boatsf pt.M«ry'g
do. I do.

43-45 * sch'rs

brig Wabtsch
ch'r Ann
schV Pindar
ship Jarrett

^0-52 3 schooners
53 schooner—
64 scb'r Ann
35-53 4 scbou;aen.
AH brig — ,• *
tiO schooner —
t) 1 schooner—
02 moop—
as isch'r Fanny

Mte'

do.
Revenue Cutterf
Madison
Lion
iLion &. Snowbird
Polly
Madison
do.
do.
JefftTSon
Dolphin
Nonfiareil
Gun B'laisf
Fair trader

do.

Dolphin

do.

feflTer kDoTphin

Dolphin

Lion

Argus

Fdly

1llo)|)hin

Buckskin

do.
Amelia
Salem
Slarbleheail

do.^
Salt-m

*<^

(do.
Cape Ann
do.
Sulem

do.
Charleston
Amelia
Sah-m

do,
made a cartel
Safem

do.

dp.'
Harblfchead
l*ortUiM.
Sal«m '
Bi^lmore'
Salem

IM-

»«»

-ft?
'J

ft;

(

■jf

iii-Gsh schooners
Xele. Thote marked tcilh a [«]Fr«re H, EL. Ma§t^jf» pMU »eijf^

] ml those wUk a Ij-jars U. Sf. pubttc rnssei*

-y-f

^< ijutj^i; ^ J-^Xjii.i-Cfcf

i c

378

AIM'ENOIX.'

» 1

V-i,

«T

72-73

85 •

8tf

93-95

99
100
101
102
10 J
104
105
106
107
108
109-
116-
118

119

120

121

122

123

124

125

126

127-129

130-131

riMp«rt brien
RsbV Mary Abd
Hhip Mary
BrhV—
BchV OiKfCDt
,2 Bchoonen
lasQow
|erh'r Jane
abip AnH Green
barqtif Ht. Andrewi
briiT Shaidrock
[sch'r Salljr

ch*r Nelson

chooner—

107

Id
8

-1 li)

schV 3 Brothers
barque
b:lg—
hip Heniy
sch'r Alfred
<chV Ki za
br Lady Shfrbroke
br Eliza k Esther
ship Royd
•)rig HaimiT
^ch'r Polly
i Hi igs
riooj) Mary Ann

liip FlaAsan
brifl; Harmony
brig—

!*hi|i Brigaiiza
brig Waldo
sch'r Aim , ' '
sb Priuce Adolphui
ship

Bch'r Harriet
brig Ceres
brig— ,

•ri)^ Williain

lii|>» U btfgs
brig &ijScHooDcr

RchVlodultry

scb'r iE^enMiverance

i^Kip $iroon Clark

Hftndattis Packet*

brig Amelia

sch'r Mary

»ch«>oner-*.

ieh'rDpioQ '

brig Elizabeth

brigs

sch'r &■ sloop

4
12

20
28

10,

108

39
12
17

F. iiista}
do.

Buckskin

Dolphin

Fair Trader

Polly

Snowbird

Rev Cutter^

Dolphin

Gosoamrr

Rapid

Rev. Cuttcrf

Teszer

Burkftkin

Fntiie

Wiley Reynard

Cathnriue

Pnlly

Comet

Sperurrr

Polly
Marengo
Gov. M'Ktan
GInhK
Matilda
Wihy Reynard
do.
Pa 1 1 Jones
do.
Yankee
do.
Toin
Teazer
Globe
Gov M'Kean
Teaztr
High Flyer
, John

Rossie
0o.
; <lo.

Bern Franklin
i l^onsuch
, Globe
Afaiy Aon
j do.
', d(».
do.
John
John
do.
Orlando

,,|

Rallimorv
raiiioncd
Salem
do.
Wiscasset
Salem
do.
Savannah
MarWehead '
Boston
Portland
Savannah
made a cartel
Salem
do.
Boston
Puriland
ransomed
Baltimore

do.
8«lem
iNi'.w-York

PhiladelpbiR
do.
do.

Boston

Wiscasset

Philadflphia

.Savannah

New York

made a cartel

Baltimore

Portland

Baltimore

Philiadelphia

Portland

Baltimore

Salem

GloiiCfSter

Boston

burnt

made a cartel

New. York

Charleston

Norfidk

Charleston
do.

burnt

made a cartel

baletki

tSalem

Iransomed

I Gloucester

ir.^

Hit

r/^

APPENDIX.

a?^

132

133

13 V

lo5

136

137

13A

139

14U

i*i

143

146

147

148

149

150

161

lo2

153

154

155

litH

157

158

159

160

161

lb2

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

180

181

182

183

184

trig G«D. Blake

'•'•e — ,,f

<Mp \pi>|io

h5p Royal Bounty

•rig Mnry

«(hr Vfiiun ' '

>'iip O-iborti

><*ij$ Blica

trx Richard

rItE Nancy

iri^—

,'iVM

chr,—

lllf.TJ<-'

•»<»!«};.

iirig LeoDidOT
-rhr Sky Lark
iri j Lailf PrevoBt
h.ig Friends
iria Mary
hip Jane
rhip Juhn
!«chr.—

tiip Grenada
sch'r Shadock
barque Diana
brig Roe buck
ship Guerritre*
brig Lady Warren
brig 4buua
larque Harriet
brig Dutcfaess
brig Traveller
brig Henry
ship Hopewell
bris Hazard
sch'r Phoebe
brig Thetis
brig Alfred
brig Antelope
ship Kitty
scli'r Spunk
(sch'r Providence
sliip Guayaiia
jbHr duUe of savoy
ship Pursuit
[ship Evergreen
Ibrtg New Liverpool

hip Mary Ann

khiri Elisabeth

>ch'r Jamt's
'brig Pursuit

brig Tay

ship Britannia

brig Howe

K«>vrni>r rutterfjCharlestoa

Buii|(cr Hill I do.

i«i Fainiouth

jr.hn Bait 111

2'.<[ Yankee kuak

471 ^1) bnadv a cartel

^eiizer {Portland ,

IhI |o. I do ''j

Imluxiry |Marbt^be«U

PairTr««1er piklem

B»iiA»^r Hill New Yorl<

Lfaiidfr jProvidenoie

1 4) Man* Mavantiahi

BunkprHill JNew Torl^

IMnren^o j do.
Benj, Franklin ^Boston
do. 4o-

* ii Rossie Balnoi
3U| F. Presidentf Vbiladclpkia

Teazer F»>rtlaiid

•'^0 Toang Eag|e Charleston

• 01 do. I <*o-
High Flyer JBavannaht

I I R.Nbainand ^Norfolk
49S02 p. Constitutiont burnt

14
6

do
do.
do
\ Congressf
do.
Yankee
Cornet
ship Waspf
Sqiiando
Yankee

do.
Polphin
Hossie
Fair Trailer

do.

do. 1

do. i

do.

do.
Newport
<Baltinioi«
|BostoD
jPorts mouth
burnt

do.
Sal^m
^Portland
Salem

Wiley Reynard New York

Dromo
Decatur
Atlas
Po'phin
Yankee
Huh Flyer
Sarah- Ann
Diilphin
Rapid
do.
Thrasber
Dart

Salem
do.
Philadelphia
Salem
New York
Charleston

do.
Baltimore
PQrthiml

do.

»
Tfll
r,fn

(Ml

t'.f

S.I

i VT

tv;f
MJr

Ti'f
!'«»
fit I

' rti.?

IOC
i(>v
an

,.i,n

tor
not!

01 'J
f 12

i.it

4- J 2

'TIS
RIP

C!S

OiiK

;iiJ

li- i;

d80

APPENDIX.

t ^

f 'ti;

ij,- '

hrijc Elizabeth
hi|i Jamaica
brig Alert*
transfxirt ahifi*
brig King (Jeorge
whip— .
brig i)cenn
briff 'Val'tp
^hip £si,b«r
iich'r Veoui
fhir^ Quebec
»hlp Richmond
ship Adi>aU
■hipFaiioontI)
brig T«V'<> Frieodi
snai^r Two Priendft
brig \¥illiani
sf.h'r Trial
f ifll Johfi|V G^PflK*

brijjr-, ■, ,., :

8ch*r,M«ry Ann
>r^(;, Laura*
sch'riU^iog States
brie ilaiinab

ch'r, .«\i»»y

brit?-t,

brig Ppniona ,

brig OevoDSbire

brig Oonoord

brifriliipe
ichV Minorca ,
lafqu* CharlutteV

fhip Ajlariutia, < ,

bng Uiaoa

iirig laabclla

♦hip-—,

J vesscia ,„j,,yi

- lip Jubo

(dip Commerce

irit; Industry .

tirivateer Nassau

rivateer briij
unit Top Abbey '

igMa^
<!iip Princs ji(nelia
schdonqr —

14
7

2.')

16
14
12 25
1^ 30

10 M

141 36
20

i4h

10 i2

iti

Decatur
Hifdh Klycr
F. tlssexf
do.
do.
R^'Vcnge
Saratoga
Atlas
Montgomery
Saratoga

lliomas

Montgomery

Thomas

B^nj. Fcanklia

t>nrt

l^ossie

Ltander

Rrculator

Po<f Sailor

Dart
BlaMc Joke
Diligent
iilo.
Moi^tgomery
do.
Dart
Decatur
jdo.
kio.
klo.
l^^asp
Dfcatur
Gtovj M'Kvan
JDartl

do.
Dfcatur '

l)olphin

Comet
' Decatur

Comet

Dotphia

Rapid,

Thresher

Bed}, franklin

Kossie

'Icazer
Marengo

Teaser

Newport I
Baltimore
New-York
nade a cartel
iloalon 4
PortUnd '
New York '
PniladeipWa
Glloucealer
New York
• do. j
Portland j
Salem 1
PoriBmoufli
Boston I
do. i
do. j
Providencle
Boston I
VVilmlngtiDn
Portland
Nbifolk
Pbiladelpbia

d0. :
Salem {
do. {
Gastine
made a carlet
France j
burnt

made a cartel
Savannah
Boston ■
Norfolk
Portland -
do. i
do.
Marblehead
burnt,
Baltimore
Portland
tWitmington

Baltimpre

burnt

Cape Ann

CliarieKloii

Savannah

Portland

Newburyporf

Porthtod

' *.*

<\.t
a; I

m
mt

ail

;)M

e^i
03 r

icr

»v.t

' !t
I

Sai

utf
w:c

*Tr

•: A
.". t i

iVi
{Its

utr.

a$5 brig—
S36 brig Orient

(t;7**Th(ise in t'/o^ are Letters of Marque vessel?. ^:"

I Viia Privateer camp intb the harbor of Portland triumf^Mnlhj JtwuiU-
rd on tlte deck ofhtr prize ! .' !

^ iihfe'tiix.

ii9i

2J7 belirJcDQjr

33'i nrig Puini Sharps ,,

240 (irig Sao A'liouio

24 1 briff De,irt»i»
S43 ^(^IjlfXtfllf (Ionia*
34J !icl,iy',^;fk|le Cmp
2U rchV l>>nie

243 tiiiji Puv«»i>c

S46 t]|r|i; CoOjBord

247 hri.; Jfavorile

^48 hn| i^ir Johii Mnnre

249 t)ri|( ford Slitt]S«lU

250 tcfiV Beis«>y Ano

25 1 brig William

252 bri< Hfory

2AJ «cb r i'our Brothers

254 . )c.hV Four Suns
255-266 ^ ^cbifoiirrs

2A7 sch> AMelope '.'

258 >ch'r uaJvsoii

259 hrig b,i9iioii(l
860 iiicQeu^ge
26 1 bri|; Mepf une

2to2 «hipJaii# '^\

263 itclpooiM'r— ™ , !

264 sipop Loiiisa Anpi
2tt5 ship y«riiis

26 G hr Jas Si Charlottf!

267 ,,bris?Fr. Blake

268 brig Swaklotv»
2bU ^^g Purcie

270 ' »bip Ned . ^

271 . ^(^hVSisiefs

272 snb'r Comet

27 i irivateei* Schorcher

274 ich'r Mary

275 schV ^vy Hall
376 slpop Elizabeth
2v7 ranspart echuoner*

278 brig (Juion

279 sch'r Neptiino
28t) barqup Fisher

281 bris^Jaiues Rray

282 brigUily Hdrriot

28 J -2853 vessels
2^6 brig Freedom
237 schV America

288 brig—

289 paci(et Johii Bull*

290 ship Areo

291 F. ^|Hce(|onian»
«92 ship J. Uamiltou

K-

1 1

Trar.«r
R'tMiiionil
liMilnnort
IVlBrriiKo
buo H4»ai»f ^
«|o.
MHlildA
Nonsuch
Mary Ann

do.
Industry

do.
MlHreii(»o
Fame
Montgomery
John
Fame
do.
Dart
Rosamund
Wasp
Alfred
' du.
John
do.
Saocy Jack
Re j Franklin
Two Brothers
America
Nonsuch
P. Presidentf
High Flyer
John & George
Fame
Rapid
do.
do
ship Gen. Pike|
do.
do.
Gen. Affijstrong
Revenge
Fox
Bunker Hill
orders in Council
do
Thorn

N^wYork
Ral(imhr»
Phiradelphia
burtit

Black Roek
New ()rl«rao^
Savaiinah
Charleston
do.

do.
hurnt
>4aivin

«lo.

do. i

do.

Portliod
Charlestoa
iSavanDah
Salem

itn

nitt

vr.

VI r.

dd. ;=i
ktialde « olarte!
Portland
burnt
Salem
Charleston
Baltimore
Norfolk
Salem

do.
Savannah
burnt
ansomed
Sackett's Harbor

do.
burnt
Boston
Cape Ann
Portland
Boston
New York
ransomed
Mirblehead

Si,-

Fame &. Dromo Salem

Joe] Barlow
Rover

lie.

New-Londou
destroyed

li ^6 F Prendentf I Baltimore
49|.10GjP United iitatesf New- York
161 30J Dolphin jnaltiiririre

' 1 1'i

^a2

S9S JMg—

894 *CVt Loftia

295 wig Bacflhui

896 »ri( Veont
297 -SOfl Dine vetwla

307 MCketT^Wnsffid*

SOS Musket Burcball*

309 ieh*r—

310 t.ri|r Criterion

311 ichVNeplunc

312 brig,^eptun«
3i3 ichV-r
314 brig Fanc^

.315 kluopNellf

316 briKDeTOnshlre

317 ich'r-y

318 »hipJ«inis

319 irig T<vo Brother!

320 irig Actife
821 , wi(f— .

322 irig Pomona

323 ship Betacjr ,

324 brig t^art

325 ship <|uean
328 brig Charlotte

327 ichV WiHiam

328 frig Recorerx

329 brig Lucy &. Alida

330 -3 J3 three veMels

334 schV Swift

335 scb'r— . ' ','

336 sloop Reasonble

337 schV Maria

338 Bch> Catherine

339 ich'r Maria

340 ship Rio Kou7a

341 ich'r Rebecca

342 brig—

343 privateer Richard

344 ship Hdpe

345 ship Ralph

346 ship Euphemia

347 ^►rig—

348 ichooner —

349 sch'r Meadau

350 ^hipMary

35 1 sch*r Erin

352 ;iackel Nocton*

353 brig BArrosea
364 '^ch'r Mary
355 hrig Peggy
S36 ship Arabella
357 brig Andalusia

^PEIfDIX.

8
5
8
16
10
2

6?
18

44J

4
12
10
10

ISC

brig Arguff

Rerenge

do.

Fully

Patriot

Tom

Highflyer

do.

RetTf-nge

Roha

Revenge

Joel Barlow

R<>v«nge

Hccafar

Rtftaliaiion

Oen Armitri

B^ni. Franklin

l|ighflyer

Dart

Rfvenge
America
Glfn. Armstrong
America
Liberty
bng Argu»f
Revenge
JacK'9 Favorite
: Rolla
Rilia
Liberty
do.
Lad^ Madison
do.
Rolla
Jfick's Favorite
Ned
Ho!kar
America
do.
do.

Decatur
do.
Sparrow
Rolla
Eagle ^
F. Essexf
! Rolla
Ea^le
Hunter
(Growler
Yankee

fffamptoo Roada
PhiNadclpbia
'^alenl
Savannah

unk k biimt
ransomeq
Ballimorf
made a oartel
Nek-Yoili
made a c4rtei

ortland {

Mew Lontlon
Philia(<«>lphia
f'ranelf' I
New Voile

(»reiv?foi|k
Charieitqiii

NortolkT

ong >l<'itr
liu t^eW

'it.
• (•

1 «.v

I as

■ i-

tio: I

nade a <»rtel
le«jroyc|l
ansomed ^^ .
harleaten ^f|
made a dartcl ^
[^ew-Yotk
NewLotdon
Ocracoke
Savannah ' *
Marbleh^d
Portland 2;^

do., f::.

France r
dd.h
ranpomed
Newport
Charleston :*?
made U. S. Vetiel
'Vlartha's Vineyard
Charleston
Boston
New London
Savannah ,

APFVItDTX.

8S8

.1ft8-369)briK ktloop

aoo v. Jtf ••

»e)t ihli> DiRgeai

SttJ lebooacr—

3b4 ihip N^ptan*
a«*"^b« mo vrMcb

'Ml ibip—

Sb8 ibip Tolqatecr

86t» ihip—

aru ich'r Bllrn

97 1 ihip Jntin

972 tclt'r Pr of Wain
97^ ihip Aurora

914-376

two feaaels

970

977

378

9)9

980

981

982

98J

984

386

988

987

988

388

900

991

302

9U3

994

996

998

997

908

999

400

401

402

403

404

400

408

407

408

409

410-4ldthree TCMels

413.416

418

417-418

(Alert

sch*r Active

sch'rMary Ann

brig Lord Nelson

sch'r Nancy

sehooner-^

16
4

104

pri

10180

16
2

T»

IS
14

40
SO

Chasseur
Jama Atonrot
Bcourge
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Fox
do.
do.
Gen. Pike
Lairrence
Diomede
'ixe$hip Upton
Diomede
do.
do.
Chasseur
do.
R'fger
Lpo
Rattlesnake
Grand Turk
do.
do.
Appling's riJUm
Diomede
Lawrence
Diomede

Hero
CartJine

Hero
Amelia
do.
do.
Hero
Harrison
sloop Frolic }-
do.
Hero
ChasRcur
Midns
do.
Amelia
barge
Revenge
do.
Fairy
Revenge
Zebec Ultor
do.
do.

mtnk •
burnt
Boatort
buml
do.
do.
do.
■unk
burnt

made ncartrf
Portiirioutb
Damircscotta
Portland
Wiscaaaet
made a cartel
lunk
do.
do.
Newport
Beaufurt
Norfolk
Newport
made a cartel
Baltimore
burnt ;:

raueomed
Backett'b Uarb
Tbomastowtt
Portland
Castine

Charleston -^^
do. r**

Newbem '"^
made a cartel
burnt

made a cartel
ransomed
Charleston >
destroyed ''•

do.
Newbem
Portsmouth
dfavannah - f^,

do.
ransomed
Sackett's Harb
destroyed
do.

do ' "•;•

madeacartft
burnt

do. ft- "'^
do; ^^^

APPENDn.

90S

^■h

)

irat

Mtort

irnl

do.

irat

sde actrtrf

»rtMrtuutb

imwescotttt

irtlaod

itcanet

Bde a cartel

do. i ' »«

do.

eirport

eaufurt ' HJ^

irtolk

etrport

Bde a cartel «' ^

titimore

irnt

Deemed

icketlV llarb

lomasUtwtt

irtland

istine

larlestoa

do.

ci.,#

wbern '

rtde a cartel -
rot

ide a cartel •,
osomed
larleston
stroyed - ^*
do. ' "
wbem " '
rtstnouth K
tanoah
do. '■'"

isomed
ckett'B Harb
troyed
do. '■''^

ide a cartel '
rnt

io....K^
!!o: '^

1016 kehV Sambo

1017 kchooner —
1 01 8-1 Oltk wo vessels

HI 20
1021
1022
1023

102*
1025

khip8t. Jose
jpriTateer Amoesly
bloop Tickler
sch'r Rambler
ftch'r Fairy
sehV Balabooft
1 02 Ti- 1 043 eighteen vessels
1 ^A\ 'ship Frendship
1 0<^5 bomb Te^i^elfi »

1046 s,hip Htich Jones

1047 sch'r Fox
I04n brig David

1049 brig Fidelity

1050 {,?rnler*

1051 sch'r Ellen

1052 brig Duke of York
lQ5."J sloop George

I Oft 4 brig Swift

1066 brigni>n»nce

1056 brig Friendship

1057 brig Stag

1058 ship Dorcas

1059 sloop Henrietta
ioeo ship Berry Castle

1061 sch'r Linnet

1062 'schV James
1063- 1068 six vessels

1069 tender*

1070 ship Melville*

1071 Wig— r.4?'

1072- 1 073 brig &f schooner
brig Fortitude
sch'r G<>o. Canning
ship Pizarro

^ Espiranza

brig Elsinore

1074
'075
1076
1077
1078
1079- 1082 four vessels

feehonner —
>jrig Betsey
ship Alfred
'ship Antonio
1 088 two bric;s
sch'r Henry
fpacket Elizabeth*
jship Hero
.Coim'ss of HercouH
packet Landraite*
1 0^5 i two vessels
iy»6-li0»|foupieen vessels
- M f> ' hrrg Be^?ey ^' Mary

1083
1084

1085
!086
1087-
»n83
JOiJO

!09I
r092
109:5
1094

cebec UHor

do.

Yankee

do.
l|24] ZebecUltor
do.
Perry
Sj do.

el^ol do.

do.
Herald
Chaiincey's gigj
Yankee
Surpiize
do.
do.
1 13|Gun Boat No.88
Herald
Gen. Armstrong
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
6| Yanltee

Snap Dragon
do.
Prin. NeufehateyFrance
20 {If. I^ndon mil. New L;;ndoD
1450| Port Niagara \blottn up
Rambler Iransomed

bunit

itadv • cartel
Portland

do.
burnt
Wilmington

do.

do
Ipstroyed
Wilroingtcvn
Presque ble
Bristol
nade a cartel
lesfroyed .
burnt

Portsmouth
Beaufort ^
iiurnt *

do.
nade a cartel
^)urnt

do. I

do.
sunk

E^g Harbor
ransomed
Newbern
burnt

6yo

4 33

brii^Rattlesnakef

Surprize
Gen. Armstrong
Midas
do.
do.
Harrison
do.
York
Harpey
do.
do.
Saratoga
Harpey
Ida

Sabine
Syren
do.
Gov. Tompkins
. JCwnp

sui k

Union

rhomastown

Savannah
do.
do.

ransomed

Vme lia

Rost on

iV^ilmingtoa
do.

burnt

>?ew Bedfffrd
ansomed

Hyannis
.Vifmington
New York
destroyed
burnt
burnt f.

APPENDIX.

! -M:

lilt fMpOalypw

liiS krtg Ctledonte

Hi J kr. N«w Frederick

1114

ichr. Oootract

1115

trtmport Doris*

itia

ihip Unppct

1117

hrig BHca

11181119

twro ships

IKU

lMrp;<H»

1121

ieho«»ner

1122

ihip Jaoies

ll£i

Bchr Marj

1124

brie Hunter

1125

brig Mary

1126

Kchr. Favorite

1127

»hip Ptiris

1128

ichr Maria

1129

irii; Wirinan

1130

ratter Wasp

1131

lirig Dover

1132

brig Pickle

1133

schooner

LI34

«'.h. Industrious Bee

1135

tolir. Venus

llJd

schr. Lord Nelson

1137

icbr. Hope

1138

schr. Jane

ll3i>

brie Orient

11^

hrig John

1141

br. Kingston Packet

1142-1143

two vessels

1144

shi. Sam Ciunroings

1U5

ship Five Sisters

1146

Barque Neptune

1147

brig Williaoi

1148

brig Pallas

1149

galliot Henrietta

1150

ship Orange Borer

1151

brig Regulator

1152

Bchr. Jenny

1153

Bloop Reindeer*

1154

ichooner

1155

>rig

1156

>rig Mars

1157

brig Cornwallis

1I5B

ship Tester

liJ9

brig Horaiia

11 HO

Ihip liddle

1161

ihip Jesse

1162 '

transport M nk*

1163

Irans. Persi'verance«

1164

«chr. NanCv*

1165

trass. Eudeavoffft

Kemp jcHmi "P

do. raasomed
do. do.

Roger Wilnsingtoo

fffll Oranipns Marblebead

Saucy Jack Savannah

do. do.

brig Syranf noml
Stoniiigtna Militl^SloningtoD

a barge i do.

Portsmouth IPortsmnutb

Shark {New- Orleans
SOcorvefte Adainsf sunk

250

118

■"»*

do.

do.
Ynnkee
Rattlesnake

do.

Pike

Fox
Herald

Pike

Dash
sloop Waspf

do
Leach

Hero
David Porter

do
Amelia

do
ship Lawrencef

do
. Surprise

do
do
do

do '■

Hyannis '

burnt

made a cartel
burnt i

made a cartel
»Qnk
burnt
Portland
Ocracoke
vrecked
mnsomed
leatroyetf

do ^

do
made a carter
destroyed

do
burnt
ransomed
Newbern
Boston ^-*'
made a cartel
Boston

ransomed ^^
nade aycartel
burnt
Erie
destroyed

do ^'-

AFFENDIX.

«6

1167
1168
lltt9
UiO

nil

1172

1173

1174

1176

1177

1178

H-.i)

11 W

ll&l

li);2

libJ

lin4

ll8ft

H. c-1188
Ilea

1190

11^)1-1193

1194

RVfter Jabike

<ci»'r Al*xati(lri«
tlrl^ Iribh Miacr
ling Mary

tch'r Lupcraiice
!>tufi Luudua
»tiip H(«teUiweU
Dri|K Naocj

^I^JO^I —

iiliip Dttroit*
»rii|> Q Charlotte*
uiK Lit iy Frevuat*
bri^ Hucter*
Hlodp liiitle Bfit*
tch'r Chifipfway*
P Cnnfiauce*
)rig Linnfc(«
Kliiop Chub*

l<K>p Finch*
Guu Boats*
iaospt>ri Farmer*
trig BritHnnift
three briKS
>r. Fortune of War
tliip ConiDtaudel
brig Cyrus
I loop Regulator
brig Q. Charlotte
ihrp Alitnes
>rig Lively
Hch'rP Rfgent
ship Dorris
brig Willing Maid
iirig Polly
^ch'r Sally
jtriTateer Lively
ship Caledonia
brijET Eagle
brig Traveller
rig Wellington
>rig EtiM
»ch'r Ann
ransport Stnuoger*

Whig
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Portsmoutb
do
Perry'*
do
do
do
do
do

Fleel

»6jl20
40

1196

ll9b

1197

ll98

1199

12uO

1201

1202

I20i

12o4

l^ttS

1206

1307

1208

1209

I2l0

l2ll

I2l2

J2l3

1214-1216 hree' vesiels

II
11
61

JnoM'Duno's Fleetf Plattaburgh

»27

3|40
66

1217
1218
1219
122§
1221
1222
1223
1224

Ketch Expediiioa
schV Charlotte Ann
sch'r Wi'liam
brig Eclipse
brig Catherine i

seh'r Retrieve i

packet Leith* '

seh'r William^Anoi

Il4

do
do
do
do
Mamnioutli
do
do
Gun Boats
York
do
do
Surprise
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
do
Fox
Spark
Granapu*
Surprise
Viper
Cbasaeur
Grampus
Fox
aloop Pescockf
do. . .

mades cartel
jmi

lade s cartel
*?atro>ed
Mde « cartel
.••k
do
do

'•rtlsnd
•ade a cartel
ut ia-Uay
do
do

do .
do
do

do
unk

do
burnt
8apelo
Baltimore
msdescartdi
Cbstbam
destroyed
burnt

do
Swlem
ranaomed

made a cartel

do
Balem

do
given np
New-Tork
Saco
^alem
New-York
vrecked
burnt

APPENDIX.

rij!-!^

^i'

Buiicr Flying Fah
brig Aaron
Mfn Harvest

13J1 brig Steady

l2:iZ Mh'r JaifiM

liJJ brii( Coaliers

"iiLi^ bri^ Harmony

I2i6 brig Klizabcth

I'LiS thip.

12J7 HriiicpM IVIary

1238 >.ch'r Eliza

12J9 t)rif( Siraii^cr

1 2^ HthoUIMT—

1241 «hlp Hermes*

1242 4ioo|)Jaue
1248 hrigTritor

1244 tram ahif) Aaron*

1245 brig Apollo

1246 cutter Geo. Doyle

1247 iloop George

1248 br l)o»wick Packet
124» brigSibrun

1260 brig Nymph

1261 brig Albion
l2o3 Kbip Harmony.
l3Ad [brig Charlotte
1254 brig Mtiry Ana
1256 hrigUiiuglaiig
1256 i257 2Launcwes«

1258 fNiedo.

1259 gMp Neptune
l2Bn_i^65 6 transports#

iloop Peacock f
8abin«
do.
York
Green

PtM. NeufchatcEbunil

28175

2
4

tNiml ,
Hmo
do.
Ilacbiaa
daalroyed

mi'

1266
1267
1268
1^69
1270

1:^71

1272
l27i
1274
1276
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
l28l
1^82
l28j
12»4

41
8

seh'r Ann
brig Susan
ship James
brig Jane k>u
ehV—

iransport sloopfl
brig Avon#
brig Concord
brig Speculation
i)r Sir J Sberbroke
^nip 4dv> nturer
ship Farmer
icb'r Ann U Eliza
ibip Urania
ibip Anisim
brig Eliza
'shipDob^on ■
Esbip Saltust ;
iitoop (IbrisUam

84
2U

do.
Amelia
do.
do.
do.
Whig
do
ilpop Peaeockf
Ijpach
Mobile Fort
Prin. Ncufchatel
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
'do.
do,
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Amelia

130

do.

made a cartel
burnt
Baltimore
burnt

made a cartel
burnt
ranaomed
blown up
burnt
Bunk

do.

made a cartel
sunk

made a cartel
burnt
raoaomed
burnt

do.
Nantucket

do.
sunk
New-York

Chauocey'a GigfHiackett's Uarb,
her own creic
Fox
Portsmouth
Uash
Leo
brig Eaglef
ship Wasp
Siro
Grampus
Syren
briz Syren
Mam mouth
do.
6oi
do.
do.
do.
do.
fiO|i Cbaeseor

iMacbias

burnt

l^ortsmoulh

ransomed

Wilmington

Plattsburgh

<iUok

made a cartel

do.
burnt

do.

do.
made a cartei
burnt
madeacarteV '"

do. .V'i-

+ J

APFKNmX.

• ' H

12U&

^ 1

\2H6

lo. 1

IJJ57

cbiM ■

U'KJI

Iroyvil H

I^8SI

i-'90

r^'gi

I2y!

il« a c«rl«i B

I'M

li9\

timore I

V'i\iH

^hn

ito a cartel 1

i29r

V-'»8

•oned H

>29a

•va up ■

I. loo

nt H

I'lOl

1%2

»3oJ

>304

I305

lo. ■

>308

de a cartel \ 1

i3or

»308

(le a cartel • I

I3o9

nt H

•810

•omed 1

13i|

■

I3i3

lo. ■

13|3

Dtucket ■

1314

^^H

1315

k ' t)'- 1

1316

iv-York I

1317

sketl'9 Uarb, ■

1318

cbias 1

UM9

■

1320

Ismoulh I

1321

Bomed H

1322-

liningtoa I

1324

ttsburgh 1

1325

k 1

1326

de a cartel •' I

13*7

o. 1

1328

nt V ■'-' 1

1329

1330

13:51

0. *■< • 1

1332

o. ^- 1 • 1

1333

0. 1

1334

lea cartel- • 1

13 J6

nt 'lu?-.' 1

13.>6

beacarfeV'? I

1337

iQ' 1

1938

-13S3

btig Prudcare
iloop Faforite
brig Comiirallis
l»ng Alfft
>>ng Hirinonjr
4Hi|) Caribury
lirig Sfaflower
hrig Siranfter
iloop Fortitude
brig Veuus
tirig Diaoa
•luop Lotth Packfi
lir. VVillian &(. Am.
brig Pf g|i.v U Jaoc
burquf William
sbip Sir Ed. P«ilew
brig Uelluoa
brigTritton
brig Duck
ship Mary

(»r. think* I to myself
sch'r Brilanoia
brig Halifax Packet
tirig Uanreet
M-h'r Prince Regent
t>riva. Retaliation
brig Oommerce
sloop Farmer
brig Britannia
sch'r T«ro Brothers
brig Ann- Eliza
brig Uniza
brigAnfil^y
brig Sarah
brig Sir H Pophaao
■ch'r Rapid
ship Champion
two vessels
sch'r Thomas
sch'r CTood latent
brig Joseph
brig Eliza
sch'r—
brig Atalanta
brig Europa
brig Canada
Bcb'r Fox*
brig William
brig Lulice
brig Bon Accord
transport Mary*
brig Three Brothers
brig Bacchus

1(M

l(J

•JO

20
40

2(1
M
lO
V
lb
20
19
40

102

10. 22
10

7
7

10
7

Ckaetenr

Ik).

do.

do.
ship Peaeoekf

do.

4lo.

do.

Dish

Harpy

do.

Yorii

Dash
Two Frienda

Chasseur
Mammon th

do.

Oo.

do.

do.
C. House bai^ Camden
sloop Waspf Savannah
Petapsco
Lawrence
by her owa cretv jNewbem
Chasseur | do.
sloop Waspf burnt

do; sunk

do. burnt

do. do.

do. I do.

MiriC

do.
mad* a cartel
luml

Diado a cartel
Baltinore
dMtroyctI

do.

do.
made a cartel
de«troye(1

do.

do.
made a carta!
ilestro} ed

do.

do.
Portland
)umt
Portsmouth

do.
Portland
Barnstable
Charleston
Runk
burnt

made a cartel
>arnl

do.
euttied
>umt

do.

do.
made a eartd
destroyed
made a cartel

do.
made a cartel
eiven op

906

APPENDIX.

i ii ^-^

V h

13SB

4mp Adb DoioUif

1340

urin Hiram

1441

brig Nancy

1543

inip Lont Hood

1548

tKiK B*-Mr\d

13U

orig HiisMii Sf Jane*

rS45

Mli'r H(^ln«v«

Iii46

brig CuiMsord

U47

brif CoMac

1S48

■eh'r Pink

I.i49

brig Bruihrr*

1390

brifi Belgrade

13fil

brig'Kubert Stewart

1363

lehr Coinnicrce

iSbS

•ch'r Mary

1354

MCh'r Bird

1355

trans. shi|> Ocf an*

1356

tch'r Geoti^iaoa

1357

iloop—

1358

nch'r—

13A9

ichV Eugene

1860

seta' Stringer

1561

■ch'r Betsey ^Jaoe

1362

»»rig—

1363

sloop—

1364

loh'r Mary

1365

ich KiugstonPaekei

1S66

floop Cyrus

1367

sloop Jane

1368

ihip Amelia

13G0

KCb'r Weasel

1370

ioh'r Jane

1371

brig l^uisa

1373

brig Britannia

1373

ithip Sir Ell. Pellew

1374

achV Mariner

1376

ucb'r—

2376

brig S. B.

I3i

hip Rosabeil

1378

t)rig Portsea

1379

"hip Princetis

1380

".ch'r —

1381

•ch'r Hasard

1382- 138i

two Tessels

«384

4ch'r Mary

la85

orifs Courtney

1386

seh'r Polly

1387

fcch'r swift

13U8

shi|.> ^tmiable

'J89

,Cli'l--

1390

transpnrt bhipw

1.W1

"•h'r M iry Ann

139.J

anh'r St. John

1391

sch'r —

1340

219

aw 1 •^

1635
826
214

'^sratof^a
I lav id Porter
iSctiurge
do.
du.
Fox
do.
da.
Sur|triie
Grand Turk
do.
do.
do.
do.
Surprise
Grand Turk
Uen. Putnam
Grand Turk
Scorpion
do.

Midas
do.
Cadet
JonquUU
Saucy Jack
do.
do.
Packet temler
Saucy Jack
do.
do.
do.
Maceduniaa
do.
do.
do.
Resolution
Kemp
do.
do.
do.
Toung Wasp
Surprize
do.
do.

Yankee
Dash
Expedition
Roger
Hero
Port Bowyer

Cadet
Jonquilla
do.

Boslun
lanaooied
New York
iHirat
do.

do. {ry

do.
a«de ■ cartel

tink

do.
iMde • cartel
>urui

do.
unk
Salem

do.

do. : V

■unk .< ' '

do. i N

do.
rbomastown
ransomed

do.

do-

uiade a tender
burnt

uiadeactrtel
burnt

St. Mary's
Savannah
>urnt

do.
»unk

made a cartel
Charleston
Charleston

do.

do. \ ' iy,

do.
Ocracoke
burnt

ninde a cartel
burnt
FairhaTen
Bo$ton
Vfachias

Wilmington t^i'
Beaufurt
Mobile
Thomastown
ransomed .4^^
made a car/e/

APPKNDDC.

>iDe<l

Yurk

) • rartd

ilD

} • cartel

nafetowB

>m«!d

! a fcnd«r
laeartftl

lary't

a cartel

leston

. '>■

•,,-

i- '

► ,

coke >

'•*

! a cartet

aven

>n i^

■ t,. ■'

lias

lington I

L>fct

fort «

;:i

le ^

i-J

Laatown

^ed

1 a car/e/

ISIM AiriK den MaitlaiMl

IciWA iloop Mary

I3tf6 »ehr.>-

l.r .

Mhr. Peggy

IStfS

ihMtp Eiisa

l.iVtf

lehr Mariaar

UOO bri« BtrphcR

14UI il«M>p Trinidad

1402 brif Equity

1403

br. Lord Wellingtoii

1404

hrlg Margaret

140ft

»hip H«'ro

)4j6

t>ri< Colirrt

I-IM?

•clir Nancy

11-8

l>ric Harmony

mi'j

iraaa. Eiiaabvtho

■chr. Nt-ptiine

1411 '

ketct) Cnruline

141^ 1

brig 8u«anDah

1413

aclir. Mary

1414

briK Pnlias

1415

ship U«o. Weliesley

1416

brig-

1417

Cutter Elif.a

1418

brig Good Inteot

1419

Cutter D«rt

\*20

bri^ Christian

1421

4<;hr. Atahnta

1422

br. Lord W«>llineton

1423

ketch Exprdition

14t4

ichr. Gold Finder

1425

rran^port*

1426

^loop Got. Hodgdon

1427

hriK Only boa

1428

lendiT*

1429

tmn«port» .

1430

4hip Jane

1431

hrig Wm. Neilsoii

\ 412

hchr. Nine Sifters

1 41i

brig Louisa

143,4

ship Wm & Alfred

1435

transport Jane«

14.16

brig Ctiurtuey

1437

ship St Andrew

14.^8

brig iSpfculator

1439

brifi; Patriot

1440

brig i)»ut7.ic

1441

tender*

1442

transport Cyrn«»

1443.1U9

s ven transports If

1450

brig P<tt r

1451

brie John

1492

lirig Nancy

»v

1-4

a
It

30
18|
10.
21

'J 2
21
86

106

Path

do.
Fama
Car' •line
do.
do.
do.
JimquiUn
Driando
Ihimumd
Young Wasp
luo
Amalia
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.

Yankee

Paul Jones

Lawrence

do.

Expedition

do.

forisoMalli
■MMit a cartel
Tliomastufra
ouMla acarlal
sunk

acartd

da
burnt
Boaton
given up
Pbiiaiirlphia
Bottun
burnt
ransomed
niada a cartel
burnt
ransomed

do.

made a cartel
Philadelpbia
\ do.
{wrecked
Portsmouth
made a cartvl
burnt

do.

do.
wrecked

Young Wasp Eiisabtith City
250|Cadet &. S.Jack wrecked
Dash jgiven up.
10 do. I do.

36 Bargef 'Cbariestoo
V.Orleaoamilitia burnt

Uarpey

do.

do.
Yankee

do.

Brutus

Paul Jones

do.
made a cartel
burnt
ransomed

do.
made a cartel
ransomed

do.
made a cartel
Charleston
Maohias

Virginia militialNorfoik

V^ \a. N. Oileansf burnt

12 1161

S Launchesf
Lawrence
P.rry
Ua.

Lake Borgne
Beaufort
Baltimore
bnade a cartel

■";■

t •

■9

'40«

1 464

1465
1456
l457
l468

l45'J

l460

1461

1462

l46;i

1464

l465

l468

l'Vtt7

1 M)3

li69

1 470

l47»

1172-

1474

l475

1476

1 477

1478

J 479

I48U

J 481

1482

148o

1484

1485

1486

1487

1488

1489

1490

1491

1492

1493

1494

{495

149S

1497

1498

1499

1500

1501

1502

1 503

1504

1505

UOii

AM'KNDIX.

whr, — .i\
ihip William
brig—
•chr —
ship Mary
tender sciir. Brenl*
brig^

«loop Enterpri/.e
brig BrunRtvick
schr. BritaiiDia
brig Race Borae
tchr. Mary
ichr. Goud Intent
Bchr. Nancy
9chr. Haznrd
Bchr. Sea Flower
«clir. Lucy Aun
brit; Forih
ship Star >

147i two vessels
«hip— '

brig Atbill
schr. G«orp;e
brig William
brig-
brig Susanna
brigFI>ing Fish
ship Corona
pack Lady Pelham«
brig Sarah
brig Ly Troubridgs
ihip Mary &. Sustan
ich'r Arrow
iloop St. Lawreuct;^
ship Advohture
Bclir. Robert
»loop Jubilee
ich'r Hope
ship Emulation
8chr —

subr. Cerca >• •
Bchr. William
liloop Unity
brig Daphne
br. Crown Prince
transport Juno«
brig Ocean
brig Lan§;ton
britc Adeona
sch'r Sultan
brig Sarah
(irig Legal Tender
brig—

M'arrior
Cbarlfs Btvwarf
Harrison
do.
6 Littir George
2 141 BoaUf
Kemp
Whig
do.
do.
do.
Surprise
do.
<lo.
do.
do.
do.
do.
8; <6i do.

Roger
Ranger
Lawrence
David Porter
Lawrence
Champlain
Bine q;ia uon
David Porter
8 Chasseur

tO; 40 Kemp
Warrior

Ino
Chasseur
America
i4l 85 Chasseur
do.
Anuirica
do.
do.
Syren
Mncdooough
Reindeer
do.
do.
do.
Portsmouth
do.
do.
do.
America
M'irgiaua
Warrior
David Forfer
Prin..\«;urchalttl

wrecked

lialh

i-ansomed

do ?►

Marblehead
Oharlestou
iteracoko \'',
oade ac«rtef
>urnt

do. i i'

do. « 1 1

do. > «i

do. r-

do. ;

do.

do.
made a cartel
burnt
Ballimore
burnt

do. 1 J

France
nade a cartel
Beaurort
Portsmouth

do.
New Bedford
WilmiLigton

do.
^unk
burnt
Savannait
Salem

made a carff i
Cliarli!^tou >
destroyed

do.
Salem
Gracioso
t»urnt

do.

Jo.
made a carlo I
ransomed
Sedgwick
made a curtf 1
burnt
ransomed
Hulcni
Wilmington
bund
Maeliift'*
su:di

'■ \
J. '

f
f

^recked *■ t*

lath

insotneil

do
larblehead
iharlestou
teracoke
Hide ac«rt(>l
urot

do.

do. 4"»,{

do. -of

do. '- i'',

do. \ f

do. t

do. '

Hide a cartel
urnt

•aliimore « •
urnt r • T

do. i i ■ '

ranee

lade a cartel
leaiirort
ortaniouth •■

do.

ew Redford
'iliniiigton

do, ;

ink
jrnt

avannait
alem

lade H carff {
ltarlt!ktou
•stroyed

do.
item

racioso ■ •
irnt

do.

Jo.

ade a cartt:!
nsoined
jdgwick ' .
Hde a «:nr}*I ;
irnt

nsotnf d
tlcm

ilniiugton

tht

APPENDIX.

401

607

508
S09
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
619

521
522
52J

524
52A
526
527
628
5^0
530
&31
532

j;}8

534
V3S
536
537
5^8
539

640
5+1
542
643

5vV

.'>45>i54e

547

548

549

^50

551

652

553

554

555

550

668

559
560

khip Aiitf|nia
jihlp Uinrrick
d^rig H«'li*D
brig PIntuB
nhip Mary Ana
trie l4)rd Duncan
jrig Oissac
icb'r KeuuIuUen
»lonp~-
ilitp Otwgy
brig-
brig Alexander
hrig Eagle
brig Susannah
brig Lord NpIsod
ship Arabplla
wig Madeira
ship Anne
lehr. Perueferaiice
brig John

brig Maria- Arabella
sloop Twins
»loop L'Esppranc^
iioop Constitution
irig Mohawk
ship— •
ship —

Trigale Cjrane*
}rig Bnllic
•tloop Busy
KchV filar k Joke
sloop Enterprize
pack, ship Elizabeth
3<',hr. Patriot
oilot Boat
sch'r Ontario
stiip William
"ihip Hero
two Bch'rs
brig-
brig Resolution
bi ig Ranger
seb'r Pfggy
i>hip Gontiiientia
•'liip Kiiii! GeuT>;c
sch'r Two Brothers
■ihip Commerce
sbip [Nana
iirig Concord
ohij)—
ship .Ned
sloop Brothers
sch'r Sally

17;;

Fox

Morgiaom

do.

Yonng Wasp

do.

Morgiaoa

do.
Kemp
do.
do.
do.
Leo
Lawrence
F. Constilutior-t
do
Rambler
do
Z«l. cUltor
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
Avon
Jacob Jones
rigCoDstitutioDJ
Gran'* Turk
Ar itfrica
do.
do.
do.
RpT.Cut Jeffer'
Custom Hou8<
N Y Militia
brig Vixeiif
TeHzer
Buskin
Paul Jones
Nancy
Matilda

^Porfsmoath
New York

do.
pvenup

do
>umt

made a cartel
Beaufort
given up
ransomed

do
wrecked

New York .
burnt
Macot
riTcn op
Srw Vork
urnt

i\o,

do.

do.
Baltimore
ransomed

do
New-York
V recked
>urnt

do. *'

nade a cartel

do
Norfolk
Bastpoit
St. Vincents
New- York
Vlachias
Salem
Norfolk
P<trtland
Philadelphia

Wiley Reynard'Fortland
Wasp |Charlestoa '
Esmesf Boston
United we stand Newport
Portland

do.
New York
Marblehead
Salem
Charleston
d04

-i 4*.

Decatur
do.
Marengo
industry
Revenge
Saucy Jack
Clen Wasbingtoo
61

4012

APPENDIX.

ti!

^!l

1561

1662

]6tf3

1564

1565

1566

1567

15H8

1569

1571

1572

1573

1574

1575

1576

1577

1578

1579

15R0

1581

1582

1581

1584

1585

1586

1687

15>-8

1589

1590

1591

1693

159S

1594

1595

1596

1597

1''48

li99

1 00

1601

1602

1603

1604

16 >5

1606

1607

16U8

1609

1610

I6il

]6i2

16iS

ri|t Jnho

8chr. Robin

rImop CaroUoe

brie Ann

ship Mentor

brig Antrim

brifc Emma

schV B4>f8ejr

sh. Ralph Nickersoo

sloop-
sloop Earl Camden

brig Elizabeth

brig Watson

brig Mariner

srhr. —

ship Grotiiis

brie June Gordon
'richr. Hunter

schr. Susan

sehr. Vigilant

brig Maria

8ch'r Falcon

brisT Jane

sloop Little Phoenix
sloop Fame
sroop Chance
sch'r Deep Nine
sloop Watt
slo. Charming Eliza
sloop Jamaica
sch'r Phoenix
brig Marquis
brig Concord
schr.-—
Tender*
ship Barclay
ship Ashum
brig Trident
brig Haddock
sch'r Coin ntbia
brig Fire FJy
brig Mary .,

schr. Eliza ■
brig Argo
brig-
trans Lord Keith
sch'r Elizabeth
ship P<'lham
brig Penguin*

hip Union

hip Venus

hip Brio
brig Nautilus*

8
Ifi

Benj. Fr«nkfin jCharf« sfoit
Revenge rorthnd

Retaliation

Growler

Jack's Favorite

Holkar

lHJm. Prigonen Campeachy

10120

America
Ontario
Yank«:e
do.
do.
do.
Saucy Jack
Frolic
do.
do.
do.
do.

^e1r-Y.>rk

■^ttlern

New- Orleans

do.
Newport

Salem
Sackelt's Uarb,
France

do,

do ■ f

given up
jSalem
burnt
made a cartel

do
'ransomed

Frig. Presidentf France

82i8S

l\ iSO

Cordelia
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do,
do.

Yankee
Rattlesnake
Frigate Ecsexf
Virginia militia

F Essexf
T B Yankee
Scourge

do.
Portsmouth
Sabine
Argo
Portsmouth
Sorprise
Orimpus
Mars
Globe
do.
Horneff
Peacockf
do.
do.
do

TaUUt guna 3,113,— 12,216 men.

do.
burnt

do.

do.
made a cartd

do.
sunk

do. '

made a cartel
New-BeiJ[ford
Norway
sunk
Norfolk
Peru
Prance
burnt

do. • -
>ewburyport
Wilmiugtun
burnt
\Tachias
PoHland ' ^

do '■

Newport
burnt '\

drt. J

sunk ' *"
burnt '

marie a cartel
burnt
given up '^

(

J • 1

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