It n^r^^V
li
:^ ^/
,0-' ^-
.0"
' y% ^w' ./% '•
^0
t,, "•-
^^,
^ ^0
^"-^c^
i^° .-^'
:..^
^'
<*.
"hV
o V
■tz.0^
,Hq,
^
<?> ' o » o - ^>
. ^^ A^ ^^-
^oV"
aP .^tJoL'^ <^
V
'^""^^
^#^ ^ ''^
o **^^^^
Digitized by tine Internet Arciiive
in 2010 witii funding from
Tine Library of Congress
Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/historicalsl<etcli01cau
HISTORICAL SKETCH
OF
FRANKLIN COUNTY,
Prepared for the Centennial Celebration held at
Chai-nbersburg, Penn'a, July 4th, 1876,
and Subsequently Enlarged
BY I. H. M'CAULEY.
" Incompleteness pervades all things human," — Dryden.
CHAMBERSBURG, PA:
JOHN M. POMEROY, Publisher.
TO WHICH IS ADDED
A VALUABLE APPENDIX
J. L. SUESSEROTT, M. D,, D. M. KENNEDY AND OTHERS,
AND EMBELLISHED BY
Over One Hundred Lithographic Illustrations,
Drawn by W, W. Denslow.
D. F. PURSEL, Publisher.
CHAMBERSBURG, PA. :
Issued by D. F. PURSEL.
«...Ay...^;,
f. A. Davis, Manager Pub. Dep't.
1878.
Thomas Hunter, Lithographer.
-^fA*^
Copyright, 1877, by John M. Pomeroy.
Additional Matter Copyrighted, 1878, by D. F. Pursel.
l~/^^^3
FIRST COURT HOUSE f'l^ANKLIN CO.,
BUILT IN 1794, f^EMOVEO 184-2.
PRESENT COURT HOUSE
FRANKL/N GO. PA.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 9
Neither William Penn nor his sons, John, Thomas and Richard,
wlio succeeded to his rights as proprietors of the colony after his
death, in 1718, were ever willing that settlements should be made
anywhere in their new possessions without the consent of the
Indians, until their claims to the soil had been extinguighed by
purchase. Thus for nearly seventy years the best state of feeling
existed between the settlers and the Indians. The latter were
pleased to have the former come amongst them, pointed out volun-
tarily the most desirable locations for settlement, encouraged the
making of improvements, and lived in peace with those who thus
became their neighbors.
The lands in the " Kittochtinny," or jjresent Cumberland Valley,
were not purchased from the Indians until October, 1736, and were
not, therefore, before that time open for sale. But for several years
prior to that period the agents of the proprietors, knowing the feel-
ings of the Indians to be favorable, had encouraged settlers to come
hither, and had issued to them special licenses for the settlement and
securing of such tracts of land beyond the Susquehanna, Or ' Long,
Crooked river," as might please their fancy. The lands embi aced in
Amberson's Valley, Horse Valley, Path Valley, and the present
counties of Bedford, Fulton, Blair, Huntingdon, Miflflin, Juniata
and Snyder were not purchased from the Indians until October
23d, 1758.
History says that Benjamin Chambers was the first white man
who made a settlement in what is now known as the county of
Franklin. He was a native of the county Antrim, Ireland, of
Scotch descent, and between the years 1726 and 1730 emigrated,
with his brothers James, Robert and Joseph, to the Province of
Pennsylvania. At that time neither Lancaster, York, Harris-
burg or Carlisle had any existence. Harris' Ferry was the most
prominent place in the interior of the State, and to that point the
Chambers brothers made their way. Having heard of the beauty
of the location upon which our town now stands, Benjamin boldly
pushed out into the wilderness, was kindly received by the Indians,
and obtained permission to settle on the place of his choice and
make it his own. This was about the year 1730 ; and on the 30th of
March, 1734, Thomas Blunston, the agent of the proiDrietaries, gave
him a license " to take and settle and improve four hundred acres of
land at the Falling Spring's mouth, and on both sides of the Cono-
cochege Creek, for the conveniency of a grist mill and plantation."
Such licenses were given by the agents of the proprietaries in advance
of the extinguishment of the Indian title to the land, in order to
fill up the valley speedily as far south as possible with those taking
title from them, and thus crowd out and prevent the encroachments
of settlers under Maryland rights, whose frontier posts, because of
2
10 Historical Sketch of FrdnLlia County.
the disputes and long delay in determining the boundary between
the two colonies, were creeping too far westward and too much
northward to suit tlie views of the Pennsylvania authorities.
CUMBERLAND VALLEY IN 1730-60.
We all know what this jiart of our valley now is, with its thou-
sands of largo, well-improved and well-tilled farms, and its liumireds
of thousands of acres of elegant and valuable timbered lands. But
if the reports which historians give us of its cliaracteristics in 1730-35
be true, it must have then presented a very ditlerent appearance.
Day, in his "Historical Collections of Pennsylvania," says: "It is
a tradition, well supported, that a great part of the best lands in the
Conococheague Valley were, at the first settlement of the country,
what is now called in the Western States prairie. The land was
without timber, covered with a rich, luxuriant grass, with some
scattered trees, hazel bushes, wild plums and crab apples. It was
then generally called ' the barrens.' The timber was to be found on
or near the water courses, and on the slate soil. This accounts for
the preference given by the early Scotch-Irish settlers to the slate
lands before the limestone lands were surveyed or located. The
slate lands had the attractions of wood, water courses and water
meadows, and were free from rock at the surface. Before the intro-
duction of clover, artificial grasses, and the improved system of
agriculture, the hilly limestone land had its soil washed off, was
disfigured with great gullies, aud was sold as unprofitable, for a
trifle, by the proprietors, who sought other lands in Western Penn-
sylvania."
Rupp, in his history of this county, says that the Reverend
Michael Schlatter, a German Reformed minister, passed through
this section of country in the year 1748, and in a letter dated May
9th, 1748, saj's: "On the Cono-go-gig we reached the house of an
h.ovie9>t scJvweitzer, (supposed to be Jacob Snivel^', of Antrim town-
ship), where we received kind entertainment with thankfulness.
In this neighborhood there are vt-r^^ fine lands for cultivation and
pasture, exceedingly fruitful without the application of manures.
The Turkish corn (Indian maize) grows to the height of ten feet,
and higher, and the grasses are remarkably fine. Hereabouts there
still remain a good number of Indians, the original dwellers of the
soil. They are hospitable and quiet, and well aflfected to the chris-
tians until the latter make them drunk with strong driiik."
When we look at the immense bodies of fine timber in the lime-
stone regions of our county, and compare the productiveness of our
limestone lands with that of our slate lands, we cannot but think
that ^^ tradition" must have been in error in this report. But,
whether correct or incorrect in this regard, the fact is undeniable
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 11
that the country was very rapidly settled. The Scotch-Irish, that
" pugnacious and impracticable race," as one of the early governors
called them, flowed into the valley in vast numbers, and from 1730
to 1735, settled upon and improved large tracts of land at various
points, from the Susquehanna to the southern line of the province,
and by their presence and well-known attachment to Protestant
modes of thought and government, forever put to rest all the
fears of the proprietaries that the adherents of Catholic Maryland
would ever take away from them their rights along the southern
boundaries of their possessions.
MASON AND DIXON'S LINE.
And here it may not, perhaps, be out of place to devote a few
minutes to the consideration of the facts connected with a question
long since settled, but one which for eighty years occupied the
attention of the authorities of Pennsylvania and Maryland, which
led to much bad feeling between the citizens of contiguous territo-
ries, to riots, and even to bloodshed; which, after many unavailing
attempts at settlement here in the New World, was adjourned to the
presence of the King and his Lords in Council in the Old World,
and which, long after the death of the original parties in interest,
the Quaker Penn and the Cavalier Calvert, Lord Baltimore, was on
this day (the 4th of July, 1760) one hundred and sixteen years ago,
amicably settled by their descendants. I refer to the boundary line
between the colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland, a line for the
past one hundred and nine years known as "Mason and Dixon's
Line," because it was run and marked upon the ground by Charles
Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, two English astronomers, in 1767,
under appointment fi'om the Penns and Lord Baltimore. It forms
the southern boundary of our county at 39°, 43^, 26.3^^ of north lati-
tude. For one hundred and thirty-two miles, or to the eastern base
of Sideling Hill mountain, at the end of every fifth mile a stone was
planted, on which were engraven the arms of the proprietors on the
sides facing their possessions, respectively, the intermediate miles
being noted each by a stone having M on the one side and P on the
other. I have no doubt many of you have seen these stones scat-
tered along the southern boundary of our county.
In order to understand properly this long vexed question, a brief
recurrence to the history of the early settlements made on our
Atlantic coast will be necessary.
The knowledge of American geography, in those days, was very
imperfect. It embraced little beyond the great headlands, bays and
rivers, and their true positions were not reliably known. But the
monarehs of the Old World, who cared little about their undevel-
oped possessions in the New World, and who executed conveyances
12 Historical Sl:etch of Fran/:fi)i Countij.
whit'h t'()V(.'iV(! the larjrer parts of a continent, assunii'd that thoy
knew all about the localities of capes, bays, islands, and rivers and
towns, and that the distances they jilaced them npart were reliable.
They were less precise in the location of points, and in the use of
terms which were to define the boundaries of future States, than we
are now in describint!: a town lot. The consequences were conflict-
injjc j;:rants, leading to long and anjjfry dispute, such as that which
ji^rew out of tlie conflicting claims arising out of the boundary line
between Maryland and Pennsylvania.
It appears that a certain Captain John Smith, a l)old navigator of
the early part of the 17th century, had been employed by the com-
panies to whom King James f. of England had granted the greater
part of his American possessions, to explore our coast and make a
map of the true location of its capes, bays, rivers, &c. Having
finished his surveys, he returned to England in 1(514 and made out a
map and an account of his explorations, which he presented to the
King's son, afterwards Charles I., who thereupon named the terri-
tory N<m' En(jl(i)id.
In June, U)32, King Charles I. granted to Ceeilius Calvert (Lord
Baltimore) all the land from thirty-eight degrees of north latitude
"unto that part of Delaware Bay which lieth under the fortieth
degree of north latitude, where New England terminates; and all
that tract of land, from the aforesaid hay of Delaware, in a right
line, by the degree aforesaid, to the true meridian of the first foun-
tain of the river Potomac "
At that time the whole territory within this grant, with the
exception of a small settlement upon Kent's Island, in the Chesa-
peake bay, was a wilderness, uninhabited by a single white man.
Captain John Smith's majD was relied upon in fixing the boundaries
of ^laryland, and for years afterwards Lord Baltimore and his heirs
paid no particular attention to where those boundaries really were.
The grant to them was undoubtedly intended to carry Maryland up
to New England, and out to the banks of the Delaware easttv((rd,
and to the sources of the Potomac on the west.
In 1G88 the first Swedish colonists landed in the Delaware, and
bought from the natives they found there rights to settle along the
western shore of the bay and the river up as high as the Trenton
Falls. They were unwittingly trespassing upon Lonl Baltimore's
territory. They multiplied rapidly in numbers, built forts and
towns, and were very successful in cultivating the soil and in
obtaining and retaining the good will of the surrounding Indians.
In 1655 the Dutch conquered the Swedes, and annexed their little
State to their possessions at New York.
In 16G4 King Charles II. granted New York, the greater part of
New Jersey and Delaware, to his brother, the Duke of York, after-
wards James II. So far as this grant purported to give away the
Historical Sketch of FranMin County. 13
territory embraced in the present State of Delaware, it was un-
doubtedly a violation of the grant made by King Charles I., in
1632, to Lord Baltimore. His successor endeavored, without success,
to have this grant annulled.
In 1681 William Penn obtained his grant from Charles II. When
he petitioned for it, in 1680, it was stated that it was desired to lie
west of the Delaware river, and north of Maryland. It is well
known that Lord Baltimore's charter was the model used by Penn
when he drafted his own charter for Pennsylvania. He had thus
express notice that Maryland reached to the Delaware bay, and
included all the land abutting thereon " which lieth under the fortieth
degree of north latitude, where New England terminates. ' ' A degree
of latitude is not a mere line, but is a definite quantity, or belt, upon
the earth's surface, of sixty-nine and a-half statute miles in width,
and nothing short of the northern end of those sixty-nine and a-half
miles will complete a degree of latitude. Therefore, the end of the
northern boundary of Maryland undoubtedly was where the forty-
first degree of north latitude commenced, for the Neiv England
grant was/ro??r the fortieth degree.
But where was the fortieth degree of north latitude believed to be
in 1632, when Lord Baltimore's grant was made; and in 1681, when
William Penn received his grant? In making these grants, history
says Captain Smith's map of 1614 was used, and was believed to be
correct. By that map the fortieth degree is laid down as crossing
the Delaware a little beloiv where New Castle stands, whilst its true
location is now known to be a little over nineteen miles north of
that point, and above the citi/ of Philadelphia.
This error was not discovered until in the year 1682. Its conse-
quences upon their respective claims and rights was at once seen and
duly estimated by the parties most deeply interested — Penn, Lord
Baltimore and the Duke of York. The former was most deeply dis-
appointed — Lord Baltimore was elated — the Duke of York was
rather indifferent. He was near the throne, being the next heir to it,
and feared not the result. Besides, he was in possession. It was thus
poioer Sigsdn^t parchment as far as he was concerned. Penn concluded
that might would eventually become right. He bought the Duke of
York's title. A long contest of eighty years followed. King
Charles died in 1685, and the Duke of York succeeded him as
James II. Lord Baltimore had nothing to expect in that quarter.
In June, 1691, William III. annulled the charter of Maryland,
and constituted the colony a royal province, of which he appointed
Sir Lionel Copley Governoi*. In 1715 Benedict Charles Calvert,
the fourth Lord Baltimore, obtained from King George I. a restora-
tion of his rights. In 1718 William Penn died, and the boundary
line contest went on year after year, each party claiming authority
over, and granting lands in the disputed territory, until the year
14 Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
IToS, wlu'ii flu' lu'irs of IVnii and Lord Baltimore made an agree-
ment wheroljy the lines between the two j)rovinees, known to sur-
veyors and in liistory as the "Temporary Line," was estahlisiied.
That agreement provided that Eant of the Sustjuehanna river the
line shoiihl be, until finally settled, fifteen and one-quarter miles
south of the most southern part of the city of Philadelphia, and
Went of the Susquehanna to the western end of the line, at a point
fourteen and thrce-<fnarter miles south of the most southern ])art of
the said eity ; and that the holders of lands on either side of the line
should not be disturbed in their titles, wlu-tiier granted by the
Penns or Lord Baltimore. This agreement (piieted disputes about
all previous grants of land north and south of the disi)uted line, but
did not determine exactly where the true line should be fixed for
the future ; and over that the contest went on until tlie 4th of July,
I7(i0 — 116 years ago, when a compromise, as I have already stated,
was effected, which settled the true boundary and saved to Pennsyl-
vania a strip of territory along her soutliein line, from the Dela-
ware to the Laurel Hills, over nineteen miles in width, embracing
hundreds of thousands of acres of tiie best and most beautiful and
productive lands of the State. To that great compromise are we as
Pennsylvanians indebted that Philadelphia, Chester, Media, West
Chester, York, Gettysburg, Chambersburg, and a hundred other
tow-ns and villages are not Maryland towns, and we citizens of the
South, and perhaps rebels — hoping yet for the ultimate triumph of
the "Lost Cause," and hoping also that Congress will soon pay us
for our slaves emancipated by the late war for the Right.
EARLY SETTLEMENTS.
The precise dates at which settlers began to locate in the neighbor-
hood of Greencastle, Welsh Run, Mercersburg, Loudon, Strasburg,
Rocky Spring, Shippensburg, Middle Si)ring, Big Spring, Silvers'
Spi'ing, and other points towards the Susquehanna are not known,
as in many cases the earlier records of even the churches of the
valley are lost ; but they must have been commenced between the
years 1730 and 1735, for within a few years afterwards Presbyterian
congregations were organized at nearly all these places. Wherever
the Scotch-Irishman went, one of his first eflforts, after locating, was
to secure the stated preaching of the gosjiel, (through the organiza-
tion of a congregation of his faith), and by the year 1740 Presby-
terian churches were found dotted over the broad bosom of this
valley, almost invariably in a grove of shady trees, and near a spring
of pure, crystal water.
"Their pews of unpainted pine, straight-backed and tall ;
Their gal'ries mounted high, three sides around ;
Their pulpits goblet-shaped, half up tlie wall,
With sounding-board above, with acorn crowned."
MERCEHSBU
> College.
jE'a^e259.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 15
FIRST TOWNSHIPS IN THE VALLEY.
In 1735, the "North Valley," embracing all the territory from the
Susquehanna to the Maryland line, was divided, by order of the
Court of Lancaster county, into two townships, by a line crossing
the valley at the "Great Spring," now Newville— the eastern town-
ship to be called "Pennsborough" and the western one "Hopewell,"
and a Justice of the Peace and a Constable were appointed for each.
On the 4th of November of the same year an order was granted by
the same Court for the laying out of a public road from Harris'
Ferry towards the Potomac river, and strange to say it was "opposed
by a considerable number of the inhabitants on the west side of the
Susquehanna, in those parts." As the people had no public roads
down the valley at that time, and such conveniencies were certainly
much needed in the new country, I can conceive of no reason for
this opposition other than, perhaps, that the road did not pass near
the settlements of those who desired a review of its route.
Our whole county, except the present townships of Warren. Metal
and Fannett, and a considerable part of the present county of Cum-
berland, was at this date, 1735, in "Hopewell" township, Lancaster
county. Of the number of the population then in either township
I have not been able to obtain any data. The following is a state-
ment of the taxes assessed for several years thereafter, viz. :
1786. Hopewell,
£
5
2s.
Pennsborough,
£
13
17s.
6d.
1737.
2
19
(t
13
9
9
173S.
7
7 9d.
i(
20
14
1739.
11
8 1
((
23
16
8
1740.
4
19 3
((
14
18
7
FORMATION OF ANTRIM TOWNSHIP,
In 1741 Hopewell township was divided by the Courts of Lancas-
ter county by a line "beginning at the 'North Hill' — or North Moun-
tain, at Benjamin Moore's House, thence to Widow Hewry's and
Samuel Jameson's, and on a straight line to the 'South Hill,' or South
Mountain — the western division to be called '^ Antrim,'' and the east-
ern ' Hopewell.' " Where this line ran I cannot say positively, but
I believe that it was about where the division line now is between
the counties of Cumberland and Franklin. The new township
thus embraced all of our present county, except the territory in the
townships of Fannett, Metal and Warren, which never was within
the township of Antrim.
EARLY TAXES.
The following taxes were assessed in Antrim township, Lancaster
county, for the following years — viz. :
16 Jlinforical S/:< tch of Frduklin Connfif.
1741 £ 9 3s, 2d.
1742 8 IS 2
1743 19 10 7
1744 22 4 7
1745 1(5 14 8
1746 14 13 8
1747 11 1 2
1748 7 19 4
1749 21 18 8
FORMATION OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY,
On the 29th day of January, 17o(), the county of Cumberland was
formed. It embraced all the lands in the State westward of the
Sus(iuehanna and the Soutli Mountain, and iiicUided all of Fulton
and Bedford counties. There were then in tlie Cumberland Valley
between eiglit hundred and one thousand taxables, and tlie whole
population was between three and four thousand. The courts were
first held at Shippensburg, but were removed to Carlisle in 1751,
after that town was laid out. All the settlements in the valley were
of inconsiderable size — mere stragijling villages — containing each
but a few houses and a small number of people.
According to "Rupp's History of the 8ix Counties," the taxables
in the various townships of Cumberland county, now embraced in
our county, were then as follows— viz :
In Lurgan, 174
" Antrim, 133
" Peters, 167
" Guilford, 31
" Hamilton, 42
Total, 547
The settlers were at their various "improvements" scattered all
over the country, busily engaged, each for himself, in erecting his
necessary buildings and bringing the soil under fence and cultiva-
tion. The In<lians had removed beyond tiie western mountains,
and only occasionally returned in small numbers to see their for-
mer possessions and trade off their peltries with its possessors.
Peace and friendship had reigned for time beyond the memory of the
oldest inhabitant of the land.
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OF 1744-56.
But this desirable condition of things was fast hastening to a close.
War had existed between England and France for six years, having
been declared by both nations in 1744. The settlers of this valley
had not yet felt any of its disastrous consequences because of their
inland location. It is true that in 1748 they had associated them-
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 17
selves together for the support of their home and foreign govern-
ments, and had elected Benjamin Chambers, Esq., their Colonel,
Robert Dunning, their Lifutenant Colonel, and William Maxwell,
their Major. Loyalty to King and country filled every bosom.
But their danger was not to come from the east, but from the far
west. The cruel Indian, at the instigation, and often under the
leadership of equally cruel and crafty Frenchmen, who had repudi-
ated every common characteristic of their nationality, were to
lay their homes in ashes and slaughter their helpless wives and
innocent children, in the hope that the pathway of American em-
pire westward might thereby be stayed. Vain hope ! Though their
outrages commenced by isolated abductions and murders in 1752,
they became more fearful and more horrible in 1753 and 1754, and
culminated in 1755, by the disastrous defeat and slaughter of Gen-
eral Braddock and the flower of the English army— and though the
hills and valleys of this fair land, from the Susquehanna to far
down beyond the Potomac, were swept by fire and drenched with
blood— yet the hardy settlers rallied to the contest, and after sending
their families to places of safety, under the leadership of Col. Arm-
strong, Col. Potter, Captain Smith, Rev. John Steele, and other gal-
lant spirits, gave back blow for blow. Hundreds of lives were lost,
and the greatest distress everywhere prevailed. Says Gordon, in his
history of Pennsylvania: "In the fall of 1755 the country west of
the Susquehanna had 3,000 men in it fit to bear arms, and in Au-
gust 1756, exclusive of the Provincial forces, there were not one
hundred left.
EARIiY FRONTIER FORTS.
The war raged for twelve years. During this period the following
forts were built in this and the adjoining valleys, viz. :
Fort Louther, at Carlisle, 1753
" Le Tort, " " I753
" Crogan, in Cumberland county, . . . 1754
" Morriss, at Shippensburg, .... 1755
" Steele, at the "White Church,". ... "
" Loudon, near Loudon, . . . . . 1755
" M'Dowell, near Bridgeport, . . . . "
" M'Cord, near Parnell's Knob, ... "
" Chambers, at Chambersburg, ... "
" Davis, near Maryland line, at Davis' Knob, "
" Franklin, at Shippensburg, .... "
" Lyttleton, in Fulton county, .... "
" Armstrong, north-east of Loudon, . . 1764
" Dickey, Cumberland county, ... "
" Ferguson, " " .... "
" M'Callister, near Roxbury, .... "
" M'Connell, south of Strasburg, ... "
18 Hhtoricdf Slcctch of Franklin Coiintij.
besides a number of other private fortifications at various other
points, of wliieh very little is now known.
A brief description of one of these forts (Louther, at Carlisle)
-will jrive a fair idea of the manner in which they were nearly all
constructed :
Around the area to bo embraced within the fort a ditch was dug
to tlie doi)th of about four feet. In this oak logs — or logs of some
other kind of timber not easily set on fire — or cut through, and
about seventeen or eighteen feet long, i)ointed at the top, were placed
in an upright position. Two sides of the logs were hewn fiat, and
the sides were brought close together and fastened securely near the
top, by horizontal pieces of timber spiked or pinned ujion their
inner sides, so as to m:ike the whole stockade firm and staunch.
The ditch having been filled up again, platforms were constructed
all around the inner siiles of the enclosure some four or five feet
from the ground, and ujton these the defenders stood, and fired
through loop holes left near the top of the stockade, upon those who
were investing or attacking the fort. A few gates were left in the
stockade for ingress and egress, and they were made as strong and
secure, and as capable of defence as the means of those within
would enable them to make them. Within these forts the people of
the surrounding districts of country were often compelled to fly for
protection from the tomahawks and scalping knives of the savages
when they made their forays into the frontier settlements of this and
the neighboring valleys. One of these forts in our county (Mc-
Cord's, near Parnoll's Knob) was captured by the Indians on or
about the 4th of April, 17o6, and burned, and all the inmates, twenty-
seven in number, were either killed or carried into captivity.
SCOTCH-IRISH.
In 1755 instructions were given by the proprietaries to their agents
that they should take especial care to encourage the emigration of
Irishmen to Cumberland county, and send all the German emi-
grants, if possible, to York county. The mingling of the two races in
Lancaster county, they said, had been productive of bad consequen-
ces by causing ill feelings and serious riots, when they came together
at elections. Nearly all the people in this valley tlien were Irish,
and those known as Scotch-Irish, and hence, perhaps, it was the
part of wisdom in the proprietaries to desire to have those of one
blood, and nationality, and religious feeling, together. They were
also, almost all of them, Presbyterians of the real "blue-stocking"
type. .
The term "Scotch-Irish" originated in this wise. In the time of
James I. of England, who, as is well known, was a Scotch Presby-
terian, the Irish Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnell conspired against
Historical Sketch of Franld'm County. 19
his government, fled from Ireland, were outlawed, and their es-
tates, consisting of about 500,000 acres of land, were seized by the
crown. King James divided these lands into small tracts and gave
them to persons from his own country (Scotland) because they were
Protestants, on the sole condition that they should cross over into
Ireland within four years and locate upon them. A second insur-
rection soon after gave occasion for another large forfeiture, and
nearly six counties in the province of Ulster were confiscated, and
taken possession of by the officers of the government. The King
was a zealous sectarian, and his primary object was to root out the
native Irish, who were all Catholics, hostile to his government, and
a'most constantly engaged in plotting against it, and to re-people the
country with those whom he knew would be loyal. The distance
from Scotland to the county Antrim, in Ireland, was but twenty
miles. The lands thus offered free of cost were among the best and
most productive in the Emerald Isle, though blasted and made barren
by the troubles of the times and the indolence of a degraded peas-
antry. Having the power of the government to encourage and pro-
tect them, the inducements offered to the industrious Scotch could
not be resisted. Thousands went over. Many of them, though not
Lords, were Lairds, and all of them were men of enterprise and
energy, and above the average in intelligence. They went to work
to restore the land to fruitfulness, and to show the superiority of
their habits and belief to those of the natives among whom they
settled. They soon made the counties of Antrim, Armagh, Caven,
Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Monaghan, and Tyrone
(names all familiar to Pennsylvania ears) to blossom as the rose.
These were the first Protestants introduced into Ireland. They
at once secured the ascendancy in the counties in which they settled,
and their descendants have maintained that ascendancy to the pres-
ent day against the efforts of the Government Church on the one
hand, and the Romanists on the other. They did not intermarrv
with the Irish who surrounded them. The Scotch were Saxon in
blood and Presbyterian in religion, whilst the Irish were Celtic in
blood and Roman Catholic in religion, and these were elements
that would not readily coalesce. Hence the races are as distinct in
Ireland to-day, after a lapse of two hundred and fifty years, as when
the Scotch first crossed over. The term "Scotch-Irish" is purely
American. In Ireland it is not used, and here it was given to the
Protestant emigrants from the north of Ireland simply because they
were the descendants of the Scots, who had in former times taken
up their residence there.
But in after times persecutions fell upon their descendants, under
Catholic governments, and during the century preceding the date
of which I am speaking— or from 1664 to 1764— large numbers had
emigrated from the north of Ireland and settled in New Jersey, Mary-
20 Jliatorical SIcctch of FrnnLlin Count}/.
l:iiul ami North Carolina; anci wiien William Poiin foniidcd his
government here, and oftVred free lands, free opinions, free worsiiip,
and freedom to choose their own rules, and make their own laws,
and reijulate their own taxes, to all who would come hither, thou-
sancls upon thousands, often embraeinfr nearly whole neijrhborhoods,
for the reasons j,nven, ami because of the high rents demaiided by
their landlords, as fast as they could jrt-t away, hastened to accept
the invitation, and year after year the tide rolled westward, until it
almost looked as if those ])arts of Ireland were to be depopulated.
In September, 1736, alone, one thousand families sailed from lielfast.
because of their inability to renew their leases upon satisfactory
terms, and the most of them came to the eastern and middle coun-
ties of Pennsylvania. They hoped by a change of residence to find
a freer field for the exercise of their industry and skill, and for the
enjoyment of their religious opinions. They brought with them a
hatred of oppression, and a love of freedom in its fullest measure,
that served much to give that independent tone to the sentiments of
our people which prevailed in their controversies with their home
and foreign governments years before they seriously thought of in-
dependence.
They filled up this valley. They cut down its forests, and brought
its fair lands under cultivation. They fought the savage and stood
as a wall of fire against his farther forays eastward. Between 1771
and 1773, over twenty-five thousand of them (all Presbyterians)
came hither, driven from the places of their birth by the rapacity of
their landlords. This was just before our revolutionary war, and
whilst the angry controversies that preceded it were taking place
between the American colonies and the English government, and
these emigrants, upon their arrival here, were just in that frame of
mind that was needed to make them take the part they did with the
patriots in favor of liberty and independence of the mother country.
The Scotch-Irish, in the struggle for national independence, were
ever to be found on the side of the colonies. A tory was unheard of
amongst them. I doubt if the race ever produced one. Pennsyl-
vania owes much of what she is to-day to the fact that so many of
this race settled within her borders as early as they did. They were
our military leaders in all times of danger, and they were among
our most prominent law-makers in the earliest days of the colony,
and through and after the long and bitter struggle for freedom and
human rights. They helped to make our constitutions and to frame
our fundamental laws; they furnished the nation with five Presi-
dents, and our State with seven Governors, many United States
Senators, Congressmen, Judges, and others eminent in all the avo-
caiions of life. The names of these patriots and wise men, as well
as the names of many of their descendants, are familiar words, not
only here but throughout the Union ; and none of the many diverse
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 21
nationalities of which this great people is composed, did more for
the national good, prosperity and glory, than those known as the
"Scotch-Irish," and their descendants.
ROUTE FROM EAST TO WEST.
In those days the chief route of communication from Philadel-
phia and the eastern i)arts of the colony to the west, was up this
valley to Shippensburg, thence by the old military road across to
Fort Loudon, thence over the mountains to Bedford, and thence to
Fort Cumberland. All transportation was done by pack horses,
each carrying about 200 pounds. Sir John Sinclair, Quarter Master
General of General Braddock, moved much of his supplies by that
route, and had one of his principal magazines at M'Dowell's mill,
or fort. And after Braddock's defeat a large part of his dispirited
and destitute troops returned by that route, and were quartered at
Shippensburg and Carlisle. In 1755 the Province of Pennsylvania
made a broad wagon road from F rt Loudon w^estward, which Gen-
eral Forbes and Colonel Bouquet and others used in their western
expeditions. Upon that road, for the greater part of its length, the
present Chambersburg aud Pittsburg turnpike was built.
Colonel Samuel Miles, in his manuscript, says:
"In the year 1758, the expedition against Fort Du Quesne, now
Pittsburg, was undertaken, and our batallion joined the British
■army at Carlisle. At this time Captain Lloyd had been promoted
to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, but retained his company, of
which I had the command as Captain Lieutenant, and was left some
time in command of the garrison at Shippensburg. On my march-
ing from thence with s brigade of wagons under my charge, at
Chambers', about eleven miles from Shippensburg, the men muti-
nied, and were loreparingto march, but by my reasoning with them,
and at the saiTie time threatening them, the most of them consented
to resume their march to Fort Loudon, where Lieutenant Scott was
with eight or ten months' pay. While the army lay at Ligonier,
we were attacked by a body of French and Indians, and I was
wounded on the foot by a spent ball. In November of this year
(November 25th, 1758) the army took possession of Fort Du Quesne,
under the command of General Forbes, a poor, emaciated old man, who
for the most part of the march was obliged to be carried in a horse
litter. In the year 1759 I was stationed at Ligonier, and had
twenty-five picked men, out of tiie two batallions under my com-
mand." Miles'' Manuscript, second volume, new edition of Penn-
sylvania Archives, pages 559-60.
This extract establishes the fact that, as early as 1758, transporta-
tion by wagons was also done from Shippensburg, past Mr. Cham-
bers' settlement to Fort Loudon, though there was another and older
route across the country, directly between those points.
22 Iluitorical Sketch of Fr<inh!in Counti/.
LAVIN(i OUT OF CHAJIBRRSBURO.
In 17G4 BtMijainin CIj.uuIxm's I;ii(l out his town t)f ('hainl)er.slHirg
at tliis point. The settlement, tliouj^ii over thirty years old tlien,
must still have been (juite small. The town plot was south of the
Fallinpr Sprinjr and east of the Conoeodieague, and looked more for
a southern than a western extension, as is evidenced by the improve-
ments towards the south. Colonel Chambers, in his advertisement
in the Pennsylvania Onzptte, printed at Philadelphia, in 1764, in
which ho announced tliat the drnwinf/ for lots in his new town
would take jilacc on the 2Sth of June, inst., says that "it is situated
in a tvrH thnhered part of the country." This statement made only
thirty-four years after he settled in the county, stroni^ly negatives
the traditionary report that when the first settlements were made in
tliis valley it was a, prairie country, devoid of timber, except alonjj
the streams,
TIIK WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE.
It was to be expected when the first nuitterings of our revolution-
ary contest werelieard, that the Scotch- Irisli people of this valley
would be amongst the earliest to rise up against the threatened op-
pression, and prej^are for the struggle. Accordingly, we find that as
early as thel2thof July, 1774, the citizens of Cumberland county met
at Carlisle, John ISIontgomery, Esq., of Irish nativity, in the chair,
and adopted resolutions condemning the act of Parliament closing
the port of Boston, recommending a General Coiu/rcssi from all the
Colonies, the abandonment of the use of British merchandise, and
api)ointing deputies to concert measures for the meetingof the GJen-
eral Congress. The news of the battles of Lexington and Concord,
fought on the 19th of April, 1775, was received with a thrill of in-
dignation all over Pennsylvania. In the distant county of Cum-
berland, the war cry was no sooner sounded than its freemen rallied
in thousands for military organization and association, in defence of
their rights. A writer in the American Archives, volume 2, page
510, dated Carlisle, May 6th, 1775, says: "Yesterday the County
Committer from nineteen townships met, on the short notice they
had. About 3000 men have already associated. Tlie arms returned
are about fifteen hundred. The committee have voted five hundred
efficient men, besides commissioned officers, to be taken into pay,
armed and disciplined, to march on the first emergency ; to be paid
and supported as long as necessary, by a tax on all estates, real and
personal." Next morning they met again, and voted that they
were ready to raise fifteen hundred or two thousand men," should
they be needed, and put a debt of ,£27,000 per annum upon the
county. That was doing nobly for a poor backwoods county.
During the summer of 1775 various companies from the county of
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 23
Cumberland marched to join the army of Washington at the seige
of Boston. One was from this place, under the command of James
Chambers. Captain Chambers was in a short time made a Colonel,
and he, and the company he took from here, remained in the ser-
vice until near the close of the revolutionary war.
The Pennsylvania Assembly, in November, 1775, appointed dele-
gates to represent the Province in Congress, and expressly instructed
them "that they, in behalf of this colony, dissent from and utterly
reject any propositions, should such be made, that may cause or
lead to a separation from our mother country, or a change of the
form of this government."
PROVINCIAL CONFERENCE OF 1776.
On the 18th of June, 1776, a Provincial Conference of committees
of the Province of Pennsylvania, met at Carpenter's Hall, in the
city of Philadelphia. Cumberland county sent the following depu-
ties to that conference, viz. : James M'Lene, Colonel John Allison,
John M'Clay, Dr. John Calhoun, John Creigh, Hugh M'Cormiek'
William Elliott, Colonel William Clark, John Harris, Hugh Alex-
ander, Of these, we know that Messrs. M'Lane, Allison, M'Clay,
Calhoun and Creigh, were from this county, and perhaps some of
the others also.
That conference, on the 19th of June, 1776, Resolved "that a con-
vention should be called to form a neiv government, on the author-
ity of the people only ;" and on the 24th of June, adopted unani-
mously, an address to Congress, in which they declared that on be-
half of the people of Pennsylvania they were "willing to concur in
a vote of Congress declaring the United Colonies free and independ-
ent states."
ACTION OF THE PEOPLK OF THIS VALLEY.
The people of Cumberland county, of all nationalities, Irish, Ger-
man, and English, were among the first to form the opinion that
the safety and welfare of the colonies did render separation from
the mother country necessary ; and on the 28th of May, 1776, pre-
sented their memorial to the Colonial Assembly, setting forth their
opinions and asking "that the instructions given to the Pennsyl-
vania delegates in the Continental Congress, in 1775, to oppose any
action that might lead to a separation from Great Britain, may be
withdrawn,^^ and the instructions were withdrawn, and our dele-
gates in Congress allowed to vote as they thought the best interests
of the country required.
The County Committee, in a letter to the President of Congress,
dated August 16th, 1776, said : "The twelfth company of our militia
marched to-day, and six companies more are collecting arms and
24 Historical Sketch of Fran/din Cminti/.
are i>ivp:iriiii^ to murt-li." All this was done hi .six weeks after in-
tlepeiideiiee was declared. The followinu- persons eoininaiided tliir-
teeii of those companies, viz.: John Steele, Samuel I'ostletliwaite,
Andrew (Jalbreath, Samuel M'Cune, Thomas Turhott, Jame.s M'Con-
nell, William Huston, Thomas Clarke, John Hutton, Robert Cul-
bertson, Charles Lecher, Conrad Schneider, Lieutenant Colonel
Frederick Watts. These all, officers and men, were inured to hard-
ship and experienced in warfare, and but a few days were recjuired to
get ready to meet their country's enemies wherever their services were
required ; and duriuf? the whole revolutionary contest, the people of
the Cumberland valley did their full shaiein raising men and money
for the public servi<!e, and I have referred to their conduct and servi-
ces because we, of the county of Franklin, althouj^h not then organ-
ized as a county, are justly entitled to a part of the honor of their
deeds, and because I look upon their deeds as part of the history of
our county.
Thelievolutionary War was closed by the Treaty of Paris, between
Great Britain and the "United States of America," signed on the
3t)th of November, 1782, which was ratilied by Congress in April,
1783, and during its continuance the Province of Pennsylvania
contributed its full share of men and money towards the carrying on
of the contest. Of the latter essential, [money), I see by the accounts
of the Provincial Treasurer, the county of Cumberland was called
upon to furnish the following, viz. :
Her quota of the five million tax, . £17,225 18s. 6d.
" " fifteen " . 111,968 10 3
" " forty-five " . 159,o.5o 2 6
" " firsteii<ht monthly taxes, 638,220 10
'« " second " " 638,220 10
£1,565,190 lis. 3d.
It was impossible for the people of the county of Cumberland to
pay all this immense taxation, and from the same authority, out of
which I have copied the above statement, I learn that on the first
of October, 1782, the county owed thereon £442,463, 17s., 5d., in Con-
tinental money, equal to £16,986, 2s., 9d. of State money, of the
value in specie, of £5,899, 18s., lid. Whether this debt was ever
paid, I know not. I only now refer to it to show the vast difference
that then existed between the paper money of the country and
specie.
ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY.
On the 9th day of September, 1784, an act of Assembly was passed
erecting the county of FrankIjTN out of the south-western part of
the county of Cumberland, leaving all of Hopewell township in
Cumberland county. The act of Assembly gives the following as
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 25
the boundary line between the two counties, viz. : "Beginning on
the York (now Adams) county line, in the South mountain, at the
intersection of the lines between Lurgan and Hopewell townships,
thence by the line of Lurgan township (leaving Shippensburg to
the eastward of the same) to the line of Fannett township; and
thence by the lines of the last mentioned township (including the
same) to the line of Bedford county."
Nothing is said about dividing Hopewell township, and it must
therefore have all been left in Cumberland county. There were, how-
ever, some doubts about the line near the town of Shippensburg, and
on the 29th of March. 1790, an act was passed defining that part of the
line and declaring that it should run " so as to leave the tract of land
belonging to the late Edward Shippen, Esq., whereon the town of
Shippensburg is erected, within the county of Cumberland."
The proposition for the erection of a new county had agitated the
public mind for some time. At the July session of the General
Assembly, in the year 1784, a petition was presented, signed by John
Rannells, John Johnston, James M'Camraont, John Scott, Dr.
George Clingin, Samuel Royer, Pat. Campbell, Patrick Vance, Nat.
M'Dowell, Richard Brownson, Geo, Matthews, Oliver Brown, Jas.
Campbell, Thos. Campbell, John Colhoun, John Holliday, John
Crawford, Josiah Crawford, Edward Crawford, John Boggs, Jere-
miah Talbot, William Rannells, Joseph Armstrong, James Broth-
erton, Benjamin Chambers, Benjamin Chambers, Jr., Joseph
Chambers, James Chambers, William Chambers, and a large num-
ber of other citizens, asking that the division liae should be fixed
at the Big spring, or where Newville now is, so as to put Hopewell
township in this county; and asking the Legislature to fix the
county seat "at the most suitable and convenient place"— which to
them, of course, would be at Chambersburg.
The contemplated act of Assembly had been published, and was
not satisfactory to the people of Lurgan township, for at the next
session of the Assembly, held on the 21st of August, 1784, one hun-
dred of them remonstrated against its passage "because the militia
batallion and the religious society to which they belonged would be
divided and thrown into different counties, and the social inter-
course requisite in these respects, would be greatly obstructed," not
to mention the burdens that would grow out of the erection of a
new court house, prison, &c. They therefore asked to be left
within the boundaries of Cumberland county.
The people of Greencastle and the southern part of the county
thought that the seat of justice should be located there. Two hun-
dred and thirty-four of them, on the 21st qf August, 1784, presented
their petition, asking that the question of the selection of the county
seat be left to a vote of the people, allowing two or more places for
the election to be held at.
4
26 Historical Sketch of FranJdin County.
They representi-d that the town of Greencastle had been laid out
about eifjjliteen months, on the (•rossiii<;r of tlie main road from Fort
Pitt to Ikdtimore, and the Carhsle road leading tliroiijrh Maryhmd
and Virginia, and is eciuallj' as central as Chambers' town ; that
there are already twenty houses in Greencastle, and a number more
building; and it is much better situated to draw the trade of the
back countries from Maryland, which at present goes chiefly to
Hageibtown, and is so considerable, as to enable more than thirty
persons, inhabitants of that place, to carry on business in the
commercial line. The command of this trade would, we api)rehend,
be a considerable ad%'antage, not only to this county, but to the
commonwealth in general."
The Chambersburgers were successful ; the county was formed as
they wished it, and the county seat was fixed by the Legislature,
at Chambersburg.
ir.
AFTER THE COUNTY'S FORMATION.
Some persons may, perhaps, think that here ray labors as the
historian of the county of Franklin should have commenced, and
that all I have already given is outside the record. But, would the
history of this Union be complete without including in it our colo-
nial history ? As well might we reject from the history of our town
all that is connected -with it prior to its laying out, in 1764, as to re-
fuse to incorporate in the history of our county those things con-
nected with its settlement and its people prior to its erection as a
county, in the year 1784. The one is so intimately connected with
the other that due notice must be given to all the i)romiuent inci-
dents connected with each, in order to make up a complete whole.
LOCATION AND AREA.
Franklin is one of the "southern tier," or border counties of the
State. In its earliest records it was designated as the " Conoco-
cheague Settlement," from the name of the principal stream of
water flowing through it. It is bounded on the east by Adams
county; on the north-east by Cumberland and Perry counties; on
the north and north-west by Juniata and Huntingdon counties ; on
the w^est by Fulton county ; and on the south by the State of Mary-
land. Its greatest extent from north to south is thirty-eight miles,
and from east to west thirty-four miles; containing an area of
seven hundred and fifty square miles, or four hundred and eighty
thousand acres. The population in 1870, according to the census
returns of that year, was forty-five thousand three hundred and
sixty -five, or about sixty persons to the square mile.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 27
TOPOGRAPHY.
Our valley lies about six hundred feet above the tide level. The
eastern part of it is broken and hilly. The South mountain, which
forms the eastern boundary of the county, rises from six to nine
hundred feet above the central part of the valley. The northern
and north-western parts of the county are mountainous. The Kit-
tatinny, or north mountains, as the first range west of the Cumber-
land valley is called, stretch through much of that section of the
county. Their most prominent elevations are Parnell's and Jor-
dan's Knobs, each of which rises to the height of about twelve
hundred feet. In the south-west are the Cove mountains with its
prominences. Clay Lick and Two-top mountains. Beyond these the
Tuscarora mountains, running from south west to north-east, rise to
the height of seventeen hundred feet, and form the boundary be-
tween our county and the counties of Fulton, Huntingdon and
Juniata.
STREAMS.
The Tuscarora creek rises in the north-western part of the county,
and runs in a northern direction, by the town of Concord, through
the Tuscarora mountains, and unites with the main branch of Tus-
carora creek in Juniata county. The West Branch of the Conoco-
cheague creek also rises in the same section of the county, on the
borders of Perry county, flows south-westwardly through Amber-
son's and Path valleys, past Loudon, and unites with the east branch
of the Conoeocheague about three miles north of the Maryland line,
receiving in its course many smaller streams. The East Conoeo-
cheague creek rises in the South mountain, in the eastern part of
the county, flows first northward, and then south-westward, receiv-
ing many tributaries, the principal of which is the Falling Spring,
at Chambersburg, unites with the West Branch, and empties into
the Potomac at Williamsport, Maryland. The Conodoguinnet rises
in Horse valley, and flowing north-east, passes through the moun-
tains at Roxbury, and thence into Cumberland county, and empties
into the Susquehanna. The Antietam creek has two branches, both
rising in the South mountain, in the south-eastern part of the
county. They flow in a southern direction, and uniting near the
Maryland line, empty into the Potomac. Cove creek drains the
south-western part of the county, between the Cove and Tuscarora
mountains, flows south through the Little Cove, and empties into
Licking creek. The waters of the northern third of our county,
containing about one hundred and sixty thousand acres, or two
hundred and fifty square miles, except a part of those in Amber-
son's valley, are drained towards the Susquehanna. Those of the
remaining parts of the county flow into the Potomac.
28 Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
OIIARACTKR OF SOIL.
Much the greater part of the laiul in our couiitj' is lime-stone.
Tlie limestone lands east of the Conococheague are well watered,
fertile, and in a high state of cultivation. They are estimated at
one hundred and eighty thousand aeres. Along the base of the
South mountain, and between it and the limestone lands, is a strip
of territory from one to two miles wide, known as (he "pine lands,"
which for the most part is said to be equal for fertility and certainty
of product to any in the countj', and is estimated to contain twenty
thousand acres. It is composed of sand, mixed with clay, and
Avater-worn pebbles. West of the Conococheague the slate lands
prevail, mixed however, here and there with limestone. They are
estimated at one hundred and sixty thousand acres, and are not
generally so fertile as the limestone, but more easily cultivated, and
abounding in pure streams of water, and in luxuriant meadows.
The experience of late years leads to the conclusion that these lands
when generously treated with lime, or other fertilizers, are as de-
sirable and as productive and remunerative, all things considered,
as the higher priced lands of the limestone regions. The moun-
tainous districts, on the eastern and western boundaries of the
county contain about one hundred and twenty thousand acres of
land, much of it quite valuable because of its excellent timber, and
other large bodies of it very valuable because of the inexhaustible
quantities of iron ore contained in them.
GEOLOGICAL FEATURRS.
A minute description of the many and varied formations in the
geological structure of our county would consume too mucli space
for this sketcli. The South mountain consists almost entirely of
hard, white sandstone. The valley west of it contains the great
limestone formation. Several belts of different colored slates, and
sometimes sandstones are found, here and there, intermixed with it.
West and north-west of the east branch of the Conococheague creek
the slate lands predominate, though even among them, at various
places there are belts of limestone found. The south-western part
of the county is of the same geological character. The mountain
ranges in the west and nortii-western sections of the county are
composed, mainly, of the Levant white, red, and gray sandstones.
We have no coal in any part of the county, but iron ore abounds
along the base of the mountains on both sides of the county, and in
Path valley.
L.AAVS IN FORCE IN 1784.
At the time of the organization of our county in 1784, the State
Constitution of 1776 was in force. It provided that the State should
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 29
be apportioned for representatives in the General Assembly every
seven years. They were to be elected annually and could not serve
more than four years in seven.
It also provided for the election of a body called the "Supreme
Executive Council," one of whom was to be elected for each county,
to serve for three years, and no Councillor could serve for more than
three years out of seven. They were Justices of the Peace for the
whole State.
The President and Vice President of the Supreme Executive Coun-
cil were to be chosen annually, from the members of the council, by
the joint votes of the members of the General Assembly and the
council. The council met annually at the same time and place as
the General Assembly, and the President, or in case of his absence,
the Vice President, exercised the executive functions of the Com-
monwealth.
It also provided that delegates to Congress should be elected an-
nually by the General Assembly, and might be superseded at any
time, by the Gt^neral Assembly appointing others in their places.
And no delegate could serve more than two years successively, nor
be reappointed for three years afterwards.
Sheriffs and Coroners were to be voted for by the people annually,
two for each otfice to be returned to the Supreme Executive Coun-
cil, who appointed and commissioned one of the persons thus re-
turned. No Sheriff or Coroner could serve more than three years
in seven.
Prothonotaries, Clerks of Courts, Registers and Recorders were to
be appointed by the Supreme Executive Council, to hold during
their pleasure.
One Justice of the Peace was to be elected for each ward, town-
ship or district, to be commissioned by the Supreme Executive
Council, to serve for seven years.
The County Courts of Common Pleas, Quarter Sessions, &c., were
composed, generally, only of such of the Justices of the Peace of
the counties as were specially appointed and commissioned to act as
Judges of said courts, three of whom formed a quorum.
In Philadelphia, and some of the older and larger counties of the
State, the Presidents of the county courts were gentlemen learned
in the law.
FIRST ELECTION IN OUR COUNTY.
The first general election in our county was held on Tuesday, the
12th day of October, 1784, in Chambersburg, there being but one
voting place for the whole county, and to it all those who desired to
vote had to come. The county was entitled to elect one member of
the Supreme Executive Council, and three representatives in the
Legislature. James M'Lene was elected Councillor, to serve for
30 irisforiral Slcetch of FranlcUn Coiinfi/.
tlnvo years, and Jaim-.s Johnston, Abraham Sniitli and Jatnes
M'Calmont were elected Representatives. Jeremiah Tal hot. Sher-
iff; John Rhea, Coroner; and James Poe, Jolin Work and John
Beard, County Commissioners. 'J'iie vote for County Commission-
ers was as follows, viz. : James Poe, 822; John Work, 421 ; John
Beard, 339.
ELECTION DISTRICTS.
By the aot of the 13th of Soptombor, 17S"), the county was divided
into two election districts, the ./([■/•Si' district composed of the town-
ships of Antrim, Peters, (xuilford, Lurgan, Hamilton, Letterkenny,
Franklin, (or Chamber.-iburg) Washington, Southampton and Mont-
gomery, to vote at the court house in Chamhersburg ; and Fann^tt
township, the second district, to vote at the house of the widow
Elliott, in said township.
By the act of the 10th of September, 1787, our county was divided
into four election districts, the /?/-.s^ district composed of the town-
ships of Guilford, Franklin, Hamilton, Letterkenny, Lurgan and
Southampton, to vote at the court house in Chamhersburg. The
second district, Fannett township, to vote at the house of widow
Elliott, in that township. The third district, composed of Antrim
and Washington townships, to vote at the house of George Clark,
in Greencastle; and the fourth district, Peters and Montgomery
townships, to vote at the house of James Crawford in Mercersburg.
These provisions, drawn from the acts of Assemblj', show that our
forefathers were enabled to exercise the inestimable ijrivileges of the
ballot only at a great sacrifice of time, trouble and expense. Now
we have our voting places often within a stone's throw of our resi-
dences, and rarely, even in the rural districts, more than a few
miles away, and all of easy and speedy access ; then the voters were
compelled to travel many weary miles, over new, rougli, and un-
broken roads, and ford or swim unbridged and dangerous streams,
if they (iesired to cast their ballots for or against the men or meas-
ures of the day.
At the second county election held in October, 1785, James
M'Calmont, Abraham Smith and John Rhea were elected members
of the Assembly; Jeremiah Talbot, Sheriff; and Jolin Johnston,
Coroner.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
The eleventh section of tlie act of Assembly, for the organization
of a count.' npointed James Maxwell, James x.I'Cammont, Josiah
Crawford, David Stoner and John Johnston trustees to procure two
lots of ground for the sites of a court house and prison for the new
county; and the twelfth section directed that the county commis-
sioners shovd pay over to the said trustees a sum not exceeding one
Historical Sketch of Franklii^ County. 3l
thousand two hundred pounds ($3,200) to be by them expended in
the erection of the necessary public buildings.
On the 28th September, 1784, Col. Benjamin Chambers, for the
nominal consideration of ten pounds, or twenty-six dollars and
sixty-six and two-third cents, conveyed to the county of Franklin
the lot on which the court house now stands, to be used as a site for
a court house and public buildings, and no other; and the lot on the
north side of East Market street, opposite the present "Washington
House," for the site of a county prison.
Messrs. Maxwell, M'Camniont et al., the trustees appointed by
the Legislature to build a court house and jail for our county, con-
tracted with Captain Benjamin Chambers to put up the former, and
with David and Joshua Riddle to put up the latter. When these
buildings were contracted for and what were the prices for erecting
them cannot now be told, as all the records in relation thereto have
been destroyed. The first payments on the covirt house were made
in 1792, amounting to about £700, and its whole cost, so far as I can
judge by the drafts granted Captain Chambers, was about $4,100.00.
It was not finished until 1794.
According to the advertisement of the trustees, the contract for
the prison was to have been given out on the 10th of September,
1786. When it was made I know not. It was gotten under roof
about 1791. In November, 1796, the sum of £337 10s. was paid on it,
but it was not finished until about 1797 or 98, as appears by the ex-
penditures made on account of it.
THE OLD COURT HOUSE.
This building was of brick, two stories high, and about fifty feet
square. It stood immediately west of the present building, its
eastern wall being about four or five feet distant from the western
end of the present court house, and it was occupied by the courts
and public offices whilst the new building was being erected. It
was then torn down, and the portico and steps of the present build-
ing were put up on part of its site. It was well and substantially
built, presented a rather pleasing appearance, and was fully suffi-
cient for those early times. The main front faced Market street, and
there was a heavy cornice all around the building. There were a
cupola and bell on the building. The spire was surmounted by an
iron rod, with a large copper ball on it next the top of the spire ;
then above that a "Rooster," and above the latter a smaller ball.
The main entrance was on the southern front, but it v ^-,not used
for many years. A door in the western end, near the southern cor-
ner, was the usual place of entrance. Opposite this last door was
another door in the eastern end, opening into the yard. The court
hall occupied all the lower floor. Along its southern sid/fiwas a tier
32 Jlistoricdl Sketch of PnttifcHa Coiinfij.
of seats for spectators, some three or four in niiinbor, rising' Ijij^h up
tlie whII. These were put in after the buildinj; was completed, and
they crossed over and closed up the main door in the south side of
the room. Between these seats an<l the bar, which occupied nearly
one-half the floor, there was a si)ace of about ten feet in width,
paved with red brick. The bar was raised some two or three steps
above this pavement, and the Judj^es' seat, which was on the north
side of the room, was some two or three ste{)s above the bar. The
traverse jury l>ox was on the east side of the bar, and the grand jury
box on the west side, adjoining the stairs leading to the second story,
in which there were a grand jury room and two traverse jury rooms.
THE OLD JAIL.
The first jail built by tlie county was of stone, two stories high,
about forty by sixty feet in size, and stood on the north-east corner
of Second and Market streets, where Peifter & Doebler's coach shop
now stands. It was often crowdeil with poor "debtors" in those
early days, men who were so unfortunate as to be in debt and have
no goods nor money with which to pay their liabilities. To honest
men it was a fearful place; but rogues laughed at its nail-studded
doors, iron bars and thick but poorly-constructed walls. Between
the date of the formation of our county in 1784, and the completion
of the "old stone jail " in 1798, persons charged with the commis-
sion of grave offences in this county were kept in the jail at Carlisle.
The county accounts for those years contain many items for tiie ex-
penses of taking jjrisoners to Carlisle, keeping them there, and
bringing them here for trial. Persons charged with offences of a
minor grade were kept here in a temporary prison, and there are
also numerous charges for "repairs" to that prison— for " iron for
bars," for "leg bolts, manacles, &o.," and for the pay of those who
acted as "guards" at the prison. Tradition says that this prison
was an old log house on the lot now the property of Levi D. Hum-
melsine, on the west side of South Main street. That it was some
such insecure place is evidenced by the expenditures made upon it
above referred to, and also from the fact tliat in 1785, the commis-
sioners of the county paid Samuel M'Clelland £2, os., 6d. for " un-
derpinning the prison." There were no brick buildings here in
1785, and only three stone ones, viz.: Chambers' fort, John Jack's
tavern and Nicholas Snider's blacksmith shop. AH the rest were
of logs, small and inconvenient, and it must have been one of the
worst of these that was used as a prison at first, for only such an
one would have needed "underpinning," and require bars, leg bolts,
manacles, and guards to keep its inmates safely.
Nor were prisoners then allowed to spend their time in idleness
whilst in jail, as at the present time. They were kept at labor, as is
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 33
evidenced by the numerous expenditures for "picks and shovels"
and "wheel-borroughs," and for the pay of the superintendents and
keepers of the "wheel-borrough men."
THK PUBLIC OFFICES.
Between the years 1784 and 1809, a period of twenty-five years,
Edward Crawford, Esq., held the offices of Prothonotary, Register
and Recorder and Clerk of the Courts, and for twenty-two years he
had his office in a building which he erected for the purpose, at his
residence on east Market street, on the site now occupied by the law
office of Messrs. Kennedy & Stewart. In Lhe month of October,
1806, the first county offices were finished and occupied. The bviild-
ing stood about twenty feet east of the old court house, facing on
Market street, and cost about $2,500.00. It was of brick, two stories
high, and about forty feet long by twenty-five feet wide. The Pro-
thonotary and Clerk's offices were in the western end, and the Reg-
ister's and Recorder's offices in the eastern end, the building being
divided by a hall in the centre. In the rear of each office was a
small vaulted room for the preservation of the records and papers of
the offices. On the second story, were the offices of the County
Commissioners, County Treasurer, Deputy Surveyor, &c. This
building was torn down when the new courthouse was commenced,
about the year 1842.
COUNTY COUETS.
I have already stated that the "county courts" in those days were
held bj^ such Justices of the Peace of the county as were specially
commissioned to act as Judges of the said courts. Three of them
formed a quorum to do business. They then held their offices for
seven years; and by the 5th section of the act erecting our county,
it was provided that the commissions of all Justices residing within
the boundaries of the new county should continue in force until the
expiration of their several terms. How many such there were I
know not. I give, however, the names of such of them as acted as
Judges of our courts after our county was organized.
The fifth section of the act erecting our county provided that the
Courts of Common Pleas and Quarter Sessions should be held four
times in each year, and that the Quarter Sessions should sit three
days in each session, and no more.
This act was approved on Thursday, September 9th, 1784. On
Saturday, September 11th, 1784, Edward Crawford, Esq., was ap-
pointed and commissioned Prothonotary, Register and Recorder and
Clerk of the Courts for our county. He was also at the same time
commissioned a Justice of the county courts of our county. I sup-
pose he was at the seat of government (Philadelphia) at the time,
looking after the passage of the law creating our county, for on the
same day he appeared before the Supreme Executive Council, and
34 IFintoricnl ShctcJi of FranJclhi Count}/.
■was sworn Into olTiee and jjot his commissions. On the next Wed-
nesday, September loth, 1784, four days afterwards, ho was at home,
and the first court lield in our county was convened tliat day, be-
fore Humphrey Fullerton and Thomas Johnston, Esq's, Justices for
Antrim township, anil James Finley, Esq., a Justice of Letterkenny
township — all of them former Justices and Judfjjes in Cumberland
county, whose commissions were in force, and who were therefore
qualified to hold court in Franklin county. There were no jurors
present, no causes, civil or criminal, for trial, and I incline to the
opinion that there were no lawyers present butone, John Clark, Esq.,
of the York bar, who was married to a daughter of Nicholas Bitting-
er, who lived near Mont Alto Furnace. jNIr. Clark was most likely
here casually. He had been a Major in the Pennsylvania Line in
the revolutionary war, had been a member of the bar of longstand-
ing and of extended reputation, yet he was, on his own reijuest,
admitted to the bar of our county. Had there been any "brother
attorney" present, entitled to the privileges of his profession, Mr.
Clark would not have been compelled to request his own admission.
The second session of our county court, beiug the ^rs^ business
session, was held on Thursday, December 2d, 1784, in the second
story of John Jack's stone tavern house, which stood where A.
J. Miller's drug store now is, up until the fire of 1864. The Judges
present were William M'Dowell, of Peters ; Humphrey Fullerton, of
Antrim; and James Finley, of Letterkenny ; Edward Crawford,
Jr., Prothonotary and Clerk ; Jeremiah Talbott, Sheriff. The
grand jury were thirteen in number, viz. : James Poe, Henry Pawl-
ing, William Allison, William M'Dowell, Robert Wilkins, John
M'Connell, John M'Carney, John Hay, John Jack, Jr., John Dick-
son, D. M'Clintock, Joseph Chambers and Joseph Long.
The courts were h<-ld up stairs, and tradition says the crowd was
so great as to strain the joists of tlie floor, causing great alarm to the
Court and bar, and others in the house. Whether this tradition is
true or false, I know not, but it is very probable that the incident
did occur. That the courts were hehi in John Jack's house for
several years, whilst the court house was being built, and up until
1789, inclusive, is conclusively shown by the following extracts from
the county expenditures, found in the annual accounts of the Com-
missioners for the years named, viz. :
1785. "By an order to John Jack for the use of his house
to hold courts in, &c.," £12 7s. 6d.
1789. "By a draw given to ISIargaret Jack (.John's widoAv)
for the use of her house to hold courts in," . . £ 9
1790. "Order to Mrs. Jack for firewood and cantlles for
the court," £ 4 4s. 5d.
A change was then made, for in —
1790. "An order was issued to Walter Beatty for prepar-
ing a p^ace for court," £15 68.
Historical Sketch of FranJdin County. 35
Where this place was I know not, but it was no doubt some tem-
porary selection. Walter Beatty was the sub-contractor, under Cap-
tain Benjamin Chambers, for the building of the court house. The
court house and the old stone jail were then being built. The latter
must have been gotten under roof at least in 1791, for that year the
Commissioners paid Walter Beatty "for preparing for the court to
sit in the prison, £15, 19s." In 1792 they also paid Captain Benjamin
Chambers, on the court house, £1,074, 10s., Sd. ; and that it was not
finishe J in 1793 is shown hj the fact that the Commissioners, by order
of the court, paid that year to Walter Beatty, £10, 10s. "for detain-
ing his hands from work on the court house." The Judges took
possession and occupied the court house for county purposes before
it was finished, and ordered Mr. Beatty to be paid for the lost time
of his hands, as aforesaid.
At the second session of our courts, on motion of John Clark, Esq.,
Robert Magaw, Thomas Hartley, James Hamilton, Thomas Duncan,
Thomas Smith, Ross Thompson, Ralph Bowie, James Ross, James
Riddle, Stephen Chambers and John M'Dowell were admitted to
practice the law in the courts of this county.
Our county courts, as thus constituted, continued to administer
justice until the adoption of the constitution of 1790. That instru-
ment went into force, for most purposes, on the 2d of September,
1790, but the third section of the schedule to it extended the commis-
sions of the Justices of the Peace and Judges then in office until the
first day of September, 1791.
JUSTICES, WHO WERE JUDGES.
The following list gives the names of the Justices of the Peace
who were Judges of our county courts for this county, from the 9th
of September, 17S4, to the 2d of September, 1791, with the townships
they were appointed from and the dates of their respective commis-
sions, which ran for seven years :
William M'Dowell, Peters, November 13th, 1778.
Humphrey Fullerton, Antrim, April 18th, 1782.
Thomas Johnston, Antrim, April 18th, 1782.
James Finley, Letterkenny, March 1st, 1783.
Edward Crawford, Jr., Chambersburg, September 11th, 1784.
James Chambers, Peters, September 17th, 1784.
George Matthews, Hamilton, February 4th, 1785.
John Ranuels, Guilford, March 1st, 1785.
Noah Abraham, • Fannett, October 31st, 1785.
John M'Clay, Lurgan, November 2d, 1785.
Richard Bard, Peters, March 15th, 1786.
Samuel Royer, Washington, March 27th, 1786,
John Scott, Chambersburg, August 4th, 1786.
John Boggs, Chambersburg, August 4th, 1786.
James Maxwell,* Montgomery, August 26th, 1786.
* Commissioned President of the Courts.
3G Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
Jolin ITarrinji:, 8()\»tli:mii)t()n, Xovcmljor Ist. 1786.
John Andrew, (Juilfbrd, April Kitli, 1787.
John iVIartin, ChjiMil)ersburg, December St h. 1787.
James >r!ix\vell, jMontuomery, September 17th, 17SS.
William Henderson, (Jreeneastle, September l'")th, 17K8.
James MH'almont, Letterkenny, September li;{tl, 1789.
Christian Oyster, Chambersburg, July Kith, 17!»().
Thomas Johnston, Antrim, September 2!)th, 1790.
JUDGES UNDER CONSTITUTION OF 1790.
By the second section of the act of the 13th of April, 1791, the
State was divided into ^t'e judicial districts. The fourth district
was composed of the counties of Cumberland, Franklin, Bedford,
Huntingdon and Mifflin. And the third section of the same act fur-
ther provided that a President Judge, learned in the law, should be
appointed by the Governor for each district, and not fewer than
three nor more than four Associate Judges should be appointed for
each county. They were each to hold during good behavior.
On the 17th of August, 1791, Governor Mitflin appointed the fol-
lowing i^ersons Associate Judges of our courts, to hold from the first
of September following, viz. :
James M'Dowell, Peters, First Associate.
Janies Maxwell, Montgomery, Second "
George Matthews, Hamilton, Third "
James M'Calmont, Letterkenny, Fourth "
On the 20th of August, 1791, Governor Mifflin also appointed
Thomas Smith, Esq., President Judge of this judicial district, who
continued to serve in that position until his appointment as an As-
sociate Judge of the Supreme Court, on the 31st of January, 1794:.
FIRST TAXES.
The following is a statement of the first tax laid in this county,
in 1785 :
Districts. Collectors.
State Tax.
Com
nty Tax.
Antrim, Samuel M'Cullock,
£365
5s
. 7d.
£57
Is. 4d.
Franklin, William Shanon,
69
1
7
11
19 11
Fannett, Nathaniel Paul,
179
4
8
80
19 10
Guilford, Peter Fry,
223
6
9
36
8 2
Hamilton, William" Dickson,
207
7
10
35
7 8
Letterkenny, George Stinger,
32t»
11
7
54
18 9
Lurgan, Gavin MorroM^,
298
5
50
16 4
Montgomery, Thomas Kennedy,
312
6
5
. 51
7 4
Peters, Hugh M'Kee,
272
10
1
44
10
Washington, Frederick Foreman,
262
16
11
44
15 2
£.
:2,510
11
10
£418
4 6
Being, for state purposes,
^
,
,
. $6,694 91
for county " . .
.
•
.
. 1,115 27
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
The following is a statement of the property assessed in
county in the year 1786 :
37
this
-ts
■2
TOWNSHIPS.
s
•^
■^
■2
1
g
CO
r-1
'^
CO
to
cc
CO
^"
CO
to
s
CO
1
•2
5s.
f^
O
435
^4
a
585
113
50
20
6
5
1
3
1
^
1
•10
<
27
^
^
Antrim
30,992
1,153
£3
5
37
96
21
40
2
Franklin
2
Fannett
19,962
21,335
2, 10s.
2, 15
n-i
268
275
366
299
12
13
4
2
2
2
2
9
7
1
Guilford
Hamilton
22,585
2, 10
OJ
290
356
12
6
13
1
Letterkenny...
32,917
2, 15
O
343
471
22
3
6
2
6
2
Liurgan
10,526
24,924
2, m
3
>
c
a
164
491
189
548
6
46
3
2
1
2
1
1
3
18
Montgomery...
2
Peters
24,839
17,904
3
2, 17J
s
1— 1
369
205
455
226
30
13
3
4
4
4
5
1
'A
Southampton..
Washington....
26,483
2, 10
—
—
400
3324
533
4141
3
227
7
40
7
32
3
1
4
8
96
2
2
13
$6,315.96, distributed thus :
Antrim,
Franklin, .
Fannett, .
Guilford, .
Hamilton, .
Letterkenny,
Lurgan,
Montgomery,
Peters,
Southampton,
Washington,
£2,368 9 8 $6,315 96
To-day, though there is no state tax upon real estate, the taxes
paid by the people of this county are as follows, viz, :
For state purposes on money at interest, &c., . $ 6,144 00
For county purposes, 56,015 97
*ty wa
3 £2,368, 9s.
8d., equal to
£331
17s.
lid., or, $885 08
92
8
7
246 48
191
12
11
' 511 07
203
7
7
' 542 35
212
8
5
566 47
290
8
11
774 54
111
6
' 296 81
256
17
9
* 685 04
272
12
2
' 726 98
156
15
5
418 07
248
13
' 663 07
$62,159 97
From tax returns made in 1786 and 1788, for the township of
Franklin^ which was made up of the town of Chambersburg, and
38 Historical Sketch of Franklin Countfj.
some seven tracts of laud ailjoiniri}^, I ^atlier the following: results,
viz. : That there were in the said township, in the said years—
1786. 1788.
Improved lots, 96 134
, Unimproved lots, 40 24
Horses, 98 105
Cows 115 126
Oxen, 6 4
Bulls, 1
Slaves, 20 18
Servants, 6 6
Chairs, 1
Physicians, Four, viz. : Dr. Abraham Senseny, Dr. John Jack, Dr.
George Sloan and Dr. Alexander Stewart.
Attorneys, Three, viz. : Andrew Dunlap, James Riddle, .John
Clark.
Merchants, Four, viz. : John Calhoun, Patrick Campbell, Samuel
Purvianceand Edward Fitzgerald.
Justices and ex-otticio .Judges of the courts, Four, viz. : .Tohn Boggs,
Edward Crawford, Jr., John Martin and John Scott.
Inn Keepers, Twelve, viz.; Hugh Gibbs, John Martin, William
Morrow, Wm. Shannon, Jacob Von Statinfelt, Benj.
Swain, Fred'k. Reimer, George Gressinger, Wm. Bevis,
Wm. Cowan, Benj. Swain and John Caldwell.
Estimating six persons to a dwelling, the population of Cham-
beisburg in 1786, should have been five hundred and seventy-six
persons, and in 1788, eight hundred and four persons.
The following lands were also assessed in the s^id township of
Franklin in the years 17S6 and 1788, showing conclusively that it
embraced more territory than the mere i)'ot of the town of Cham-
bersburg, viz. :
John Alexander, 194 acres.
George Chambers, 58 "
Benj. Chambers, Jr., 105 "
Joseph Chambers, 297 "
James Chambers, 100 "
John Kerr, 300 "
Thomas M'Kean, 100 "
1154 acres.
CHAMBERSBDRQ IN 1784-8.
Colonel Benjamin Chambers, as I have already stated, laid out
Chambersburg in 1764. The town plot was entirely east of the
creek and south of the Falling Spring. Third street, now the bed
of the railroad, was its eastern limit, and it did not extend further
GEO. A MILLER ^ SONS hardware store, cor main ^- queen sts. , v//
LENGTH I06FT. WI0TN23Fr. STORE ROOM 79FT9IN.X20F.4IN. WAREHOUSE Ze )(.2'0FT -^ IN.
i-iiSiei)
'.TORE OF J.HOKE&CO. DRY GOODS, NOTIONS, SrC.CHAMBG. FA . . ,,^ii-^//
Historical Sketch of Franldin County. 39
south than where Mr. James Logan resides. The lots south of that
point were laid out by John Kerr, taken from his farm of three
hundred acres, and for a long time that part of the place was called
"Kerr's town."
That part of our town north of the Falling Spring was laid out by
Colonel Thomas Hartley, of York, in 1787. He purchased the land
from Joseph Chambers, Esq., whose farm of near three hundred
acres lay north and east of the town. Edward Crawford Esq., also
subsequently bought of Mr. Joseph Chambers, the land between the
railroad and the eastern point, and Market and Queen streets, and
laid it out into town lots.
In 1791 Captain Benjamin Chambers, who had a farm of over one
hundred acres along the loest side of the Conococheague creek, laid
out that part of the town.
Our town in those days (say from 1784 to 1788) presented a very
different appearance from what it now does, or from what it did be-
fore the great fire of 1864. There were no bridges of any kind
across the creek. The east bank of the stream through the town
site, with the exception of a few places, was quite steep, and covered
with a forest of cedars, oaks and walnuts, aud a thick undergrowth
of bushes. There was quite a depression between Market street and
the hill upon which the Baptist church stands, and a number of
fine springs of water issued out of the bank at various points, and
poured their crystal treasures into the creek.
West of the creek was the farm of Captain Benjamin Chambers.
The road from Strasburg and the north-western parts of the county
came in on the same route it now does, but passed down to the
"lower fording," at Sierer's factory, crossed the creek there and
entered town by West Queen street.
Main street was not then of)ened north of the Falling Spring.
The ground between the spring and the present residence of James
G. Elder, Esq., was a deep swamp. The road towards Carlisle and
the upper fording," at Heyser's paper mill, left Main street at King
street, passed westward out King street to the Falling Spring, crossed
it just eas^t of where Mr. Martin Ludwig lately resided, passed north
and east along the west side of the spring, over the old Indian burial
ground, through the Presbyterian churchyard, skirting the base of
the hill on which the church stands, and connected with the road
in front of the church. The present pike leading to Carlisle was
not then made. Indeed, there was no road from this to Shippens-
burg east of the Conococheague. Persons going to Shippensburg
and points east went out the Strasburg road and branched off by the
Row road. Mr. George K. Harper, who came to our town between
1790 and 1793, informed me that at that time Strasburg was a much
more important point than Chambersburg ; that the mail for the
north and east went from Chambersburg by way of Strasburg, and
40 Historical Sketch of Franklin Counfi/.
that, because tlie transportation and travel over the mountaiJis were
doiiH by liorses alone, there was more life aiul enerjry at Strasbur-^
than at Chanii)i'rsburi?, as many as one hnndred and fifty pack
horses, loaded with mereliandize, arrivin<j; or departing at a time.
At the i)eriod of which I speak tiie streets of llie town were nearly
in the same condition as M'hen laid out, altliou.!j:li some twenty to
twenty-four years had passed since their dedication to public use.
Pavements were few and of the worst kind, made to suit tlie conve-
nience or fancy of the persons by whom they were constructed.
The court house and the new jail were going up slowly. Immedi-
ately around the "Diamond" there were but few improvements.
John Jack's stone house, in which the courts were held, was the
best building there. John Martin ke]>t tavern in a low, two-story
log house, about twenty by twenty-five feet in size, where Mrs.
Watson resides. The lot where Ludwig's building now is was
vacant, and remained so until 1795, when Stephen Rigler built the
stone house on it so long known as Noel's hotel. Hugh Gibb kept
a tavern in a small, two-story log house which stood where the
National Bank now stands. A small blacksmith shop stood where
the Franklin County Bank now stands, and Samuel Lindsay owned
and occupied a small log house which stood on the lot the Repository
hall now occupies. The other lots facing the diamond were then
unimproved.
There were about one hundred and thirty-five dwellings in the
town, but as the whole population of the county had to come to
Chambersburg to vote, for several years after the organization of the
county, a liberal provisi">n in the shape of taverns was made for its
accommodation. In addition to those named already, Owen Aston
kept a tavern in the Geo. Goettman property, on the south-east cor-
ner of Main and King streets for a while, and was succeeded by
Jacob Von Statteufield ; Nicholas Snider, where the Montgomery
hotel is; Benj. Swain, where the late Rev. B. S. Schneck lived ;
Wm. Morrow, where Peter Bruner now lives ; Thomas Sliannon,
where Captain Jeffries lives; Wm. Shannon, where the Union
Hotel stands; George Graesing, where Mrs. Fohl lives ; Wm. Thorn
and Geo. Wills, opposite the Academy, on east Queen street;
John Smith and David Fleming, at John Stevenson's old property,
west Queen street; Frederick Reamer, ^ecA's old property, south
Main street; William Bevis, on west side of south :Main street,
corner of the alley, in the house now belonging to Mrs. Byers.
Besides these there were several otiiers wiiose location I don't
know with certainty.
POSTAL, FACILITIES IN 1788.
We have now the Cumberland Valley railroad, running through
our valley, from the Susquehanna to the Potomac, with branches
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 41
and connecting roads to Dillsburg, South Mountain, Mont Alto,
Mercersburg, and Path Valley at the Richmond furnace; and we
have daily postal communications with Pittsburg, Harrlsburg, Phila-
delphia, New York, Baltimore, Washington city, and even points
more distant, and also receive, almost daily, the news of current
events in Europe and Asia, and other more distant parts of the
earth. But it was not so in the times of which I am now writing,
as is evidenced by the following resolution passed by the Congress
of the United States on the 20th of May, 1788, viz. :
^'■Besolved, That the Post Master General be and he is hereby di-
rected to employ i^osts for the regular transportation of the mail be-
tween the city of Philadelphia and the town of Pittsburg, in the
State of Pennsylvania, by the route of Lancaster, York town, Car-
lisle, Chambers' town and Bedford, and that the mail be dispatched
once in each fortnight from the said post offices, respectively."
Journal of Congress, volume 4, page 817.
It is remarkable that Harrisburg, the capital city of our now great
Commonwealth, is not even mentioned in this resolution ; and
nothing that I know of so emphatically shows the progress we have
made as a nation, in the past eighty-eight years, as the difference
between the postal facilities contemplated by this resolve of Con-
gress and the iDostal facilities we now enjoy.
From the Hon. James H. Marr, Acting First Assistant Postmaster
General, I learn that a post office was first established at Chambers-
burg on the 1st of June, 1790. I had an idea that we had a post
office here at a much earlier date. The settlement was then sixty
years old ; the town had been in existence twenty -six years and the
county nearly six years, and it is surprising to think that our ances-
tors did so long without governmental postal facilities. The same
authority informs me that the following persons filled our post office
in the earlier years of its existence, viz. :
John Martin, .... Appointed 1 June, 1790.
Patrick Campbell,
Jeremiah Mahony,
John Brown,
Jacob Dechert, .
John Findlay, .
William Gilmore,
1 July, 1795.
1 January, 1796.
5 July, 1802. e
7 April, 1818.
•20 March, 1829.
24 November, 1838.
I hope to be able to state hereafter when the several other post
offices of our county were established.
The Shippensburg post office was first established 13th May, 1790,
but a few days before ours. Prior to these dates our people had to
depend upon private carriers to get their mail matter from older
offices, or await the semi-monthly coming of the post rider referred
to in the resolution of Congress just given.
42 Historical S'/ccfch of Franklin County.
FIRST EI.KCTION OF CONGRESSMEN.
The Constitution of tlie United States went into operation on the
first Wednesday of ^farch, 1789. What number of tlie people of our
State were then entitled to vote I know not; but amongst the pro-
ceedings of the Supreme Executive Council of Pennsylvania, un-
der date of the 31st of December, 1788, the returns of the election of
members of Congress held just before, are given, from which it
appears that but 15,774 votes were polled in the whole State, and
thiit the highest candidates upon the two tickets received the fol-
lowing number of votes resj)ectively, viz. :
Fred'k. Augustus Muhlenberg, of iSIontgomery, . 8,707
John Allison, of Franklin, 7,067
NEWSPAPERS.
From the organization of our county, in September, 1784, to July
14th, 1790, there was no newspaper published in Franklin county,
and all the sheriflfs proclamations, notices of candidates for oflHce,
of real estate offered for sale, estrays, runaway negroes, desertions
of bed and board by wives, &c., &c., were published in The Carlisle
Oazette and RcpoHitory of Knowledge, printed at Carlisle, Cum-
berland county.
It has been claimed that a paper called the Franklin Minerva was
published at Chambersburg before the year 1790 by Mr. Robert Har-
per. I doubt the truth of this claim. No copy of the paper now
exists, by which to determine the doubt, but the fact that Sheriff
Johnston, in July, 1790, published his proclamation in the Carlisle
Gazette, shows almost to a demonstration that there was no news-
paper here about the beginning of June, 1790, when that proclama-
tion was first inserted in the Carlisle Gazette. Again, I do not think
that Robert Harper was then here. An examination of the assess-
ment lists of the county shows that his name appears for the first
time as a taxpayer in Franklin township (Chambersburg) in the
year 1794, so that it is most likelj' became here sometime in the
previous year, perhaps about the time he formed the partnership
with Mr. Davison, hereafter referred to. It is known that William
Davison commenced the publication of his paper at Chambersburg
on the 14th of July, 1790, under the name of 'T/ie Western Adver-
tiser and Chamberslnii-g Weekly Neivsjia2:>er,'''' and the assessment
lists for 1791 contain his name as one of the taxpayers in Franklin
township for that year. Mr. Da'i'ison afterwards, about the year 1792
or '93, formed a partnership with Mr. Harper, which continued until
the fall of 1793, when he died, and Mr. Harper became sole owner
of the paper. On the 12th of September, 1793, Mr. Harper changed
the name of the paper to that of " T/ie Chambersburg Gazette,''^ under
which title it was published until the 2oth of April, 1796, when he
Historical Sketch of FranJdin County. \ 43
T-l
again changed its name to that of the ^^ Franklin Meposit'^^y.^' It
was, when first established, a small, three column concern, i '^bout ten
by sixteen inches in size, and cost fifteen shillings per year. ' It was
almost wholly made up of advertisements and extracts from foreign
journals, for those were the days when Napoleon was stirring? up the
nations of the old world generally. \
In the year 1800 George Kenton Harper became the sole t^ditor
and proprietor of the Repository, and conducted it until January,
1840, when he sold out to Mr. Josepli Pritts. So indifferent ^erfl
the post oflfice arrangements for the carrying and delivering of
newspapers from 179-1 to 1828, that the Harpers (Robert and Geo'ge
K.) employed their own "Post Riders," who once a week role
through large sections of the county to ensure the certain and speety
delivery of the Repository at all points where it could not b
sent through the mails.
For much of the subsequent history of the Repository ana
other newspapers which were heretofore published in our county, I
am indebted to an article written by B. M. Nead, Esq., and pub-
lished in the Repository on the 27th of March, 1872.
"As above seen," says Mr. Nead, "Mr. Harper gave up the con-
trol of "?%e Franklin Repository'''' to Mr. Pritts in the year 1840.
Mr. Pritts served an apprenticeship and worked as a journeyman at
the printing business in Cumberland, Maryland, from which place
he removed to Chambersburg about the year 1820. In 1823 he be-
came the editor and proprietor of a Democratic paper styled the
'''■Franklin Republican,^'' started in 1808 by William Armour, who was
followed in its editorship by John Hershberger, John M'Farland and
John Sloan, whose successor Mr. Pritts was. This paper Mr. Pritts
continued to edit until the year 1828, when the anti-Masonic excite-
ment arose. He then gave up the publication of the Franklin Re-
publican, bought the Ant'i-Masonic Press, a paper which had been
established by Mr. James Culbertson, and started a new paper,
strongly advocating anti-Masonic principles, under the name of
"TAe Anti-Masonic Whig.''^ This paper Mr. Pritts continued to edit
until the year 1840, when he purchased the Repository from
Mr. Harper, and united the two papers under the name of
the ^'■Repository and Whig.'''' In 1840 Mr. Benjamin Oswald,
of Kittanning, Pennsylvania, was associated with Mr. Pritts in
editing the paper, and in 1S41 Wm. R. Rankin, Esq., filled the same
position. In 1842 Wm. H. Downey bought Mr. Pritts' interest in
the paper, and continued to publish it until 1846, when he sold out
to Mr. Wm. Brewster. Mr Pritts continued about the office, as a
general superintendent, adding weekly to its spiciness by his wit
and satire, until the year 1848, when he died. The paper was then
in the hands of Messrs. John F. Denny, Hugh W. Reynolds and
D. O. Gehr. On the 1st of February, 1849, Mr. Reynolds withdrew,
/
44 Historical Sketch of Franklin Count}/.
and the remaininj? partners carried on the paper until 1st of ^fay of
that j'ea?", when they sokl out to Messrs. John W. Boyd, of Hagers-
town, and David K. Stover, of Greeneastle."
"On the 4tli of July, 1849, Messrs. Henry A. Misli and Lewis A.
Shoemaker started a paper called "■The Franklin Intclli()(nccr,^^ and
contit;ued its i)ublioution until IS.")!, when it was purchased by
Stover & Boyd and merged in the Rcpositor)/. In the spring of
" So2 Mr. Stover became sole proprietor of the Jicposiiori/, and on the
jfirst of May of that year Col. A. K. M'Clure purchased a half inter-
est in the paper, and in September following obtained the entire
coKtrol of it."
'/On the 4tli of July, 1S53, R. P. Huzelet, who for some time had
boen issuing, semi-monthly, a ten by twelve advertising sheet, called
"The Omniljus,^^ began the publication of a paper called " TAe Trans-
cript." In October, 1854, Geo. Eyster & Co. became interested with
Mr. Hazelet in the Tranncript, and continued to publish it until
)ecember, 1855, when they sold it to Washington Crooks & Co.,
'who about the same lime purchased the Repository ivonx Col. M'-
Clure. They consolidated the two papers under the name of the
'■^Rejiository and TranscriptJ'' A few years after they sold out to G.
H. Merkline & Co. About 1861, A. N. Rankin, one of the latter
firm, got sole control of the paper. Soon after Snively Strickler,
Esq., became proprietor, and in 1803 he sold it to A. K. M'Clure and
H. S. Stoner, who again changed the name to " Tltc Franklin Repyos-
itory.^''
"On the 19th of April, 1861, G. H. Merkline & Co. started the
Semi- Weekly Disj)atoh. It continued till June, 1863, when it was
purchased by Messrs. M'Clure & Stoner, and merged in the Reposi-
tory. On the 30th of July, 1864, the Repository otflce, and every-
thing connected with it, was destroyed when our town was burnt
by the Rebels. It was started again soon after in the lecture-room
of the Presbyterian church, from which it was issued till June, 1866,
when it was removed to its present location."
"On the 1st of July, 1865, ' The Repository Association ' was formed,
and the paper was issued under its auspices, with Messrs. M'Clure
and Stoner as editors and publishers. On the 30th of May, 1868,
they retired and Messrs. Jere Cook and S. W. Haj's obtained con-
trol of it as editors and publishers. On the 1st of July, 1870, Mr.
Hays retired and Mr. H. S. Stoner took his place, and the paper was
published by Messrs. Cook and Stoner until the loth of August,
1874, when it went into the hands of Major John M. Pomeroy, its
present owner and editor. It has now reached the ripe old age of
eighty-seven years. It is Republican in politics, and has a circula-
tion of about 2,200.
The first English Democratic paper that I have been able to hear
of, published in our county, was called "TAe Franklin Republican,''^
Historical Sketch of FranJdin County. 45
and was started by William Armour about tlie year 1806. He was
succeeded by Frederick Goeb, or Geib, and Ricliard White. Tliey
published two papers, one in German and one in English. The
German part of the office was owned by Goeb, and White owned
the English part. About the year 1808 John Hershberger bought
these gentlemen out.
About this time George K. Harper was publishing a German paper
in the same office with the Repository, called '^ Der Red'dche Regis-
trator''''—^^ The True Recorder." This paper Mr. Harper sold to F.
W. Schoepfiin about the year 1814, who removed it froQi the Repos-
itory office and conducted it as a Democratic paper until his death,
in 1825, when it passed into the hands of Henry Ruby, who had
learned the printing business with Mr. Schoepfiin. He published
it until 1881, when he discontinued it.
Mr. Hershberger conducted "2'Ae Franklin Republican'''' as the
Democratic organ of the county, at the same time publishing the Ger-
man paper formerly issued by Mr. Goeb. After several years he sold
both papers to Mr. James M'Farland, by whom the German paper
was discontinued. Mr. M'Farland sold the '■'Republican'''' to John
Sloan, about the year 1816, who continued to publish until his death,
in 1831. Some time after Joseph Pritts married the widow of Mr.
Sloan, and thus obtained control of the printing office. Mr. Pritts
was then a strong Democrat, and greatly enlarged and improved the
paper, and as a reward for his devotion to his party and its interests
was appointed county treasurer for several years.
In the year 1828 the anti-Masonic excitement reached its height,
and Mr. Pritts, being dissatisfied with the course of the Democratic
party in relation to the United States Bank, and on other political
questions, and being actuated by a dread of the pernicious influence
of secret societies upon the future of the country, with large num-
bers of his former Democratic associates, joined the new party and
purchased the ''Anti- Masonic Press,''' a paper which Mr. James Cul-
bertson had shortly before established here. This paj)er Mr. Pritts
conducted for a short time, as only he could conduct a newspaper,
in the interests of the anti-Masonic party, when he purchased the
^'■Franklin Rep>ository''^ and consolidated the two papers.
When Mr. Pritts ceased to publish the Republican as a Democratic
paper the Democratic party were left without an organ in our county.
But in the year 1831, or thereabouts, Messrs. Henry Ruby and James
Maxwell started a new Democratic paper called '' The Franklin Tele-
graph:'' After publishing it for about six or seven years, they sold
it to Messrs. Michael C. Brown and Hiram Kesey, who, in
the year 1841, sold it to John Brand, who changed the name
to '■'The Chambersburg Times:' In 1843 he sold out to Frank-
lin G. May, who, in 1845, associated Mr. Enos R. Powell with
himself in the conduction of the paper. In 1848 Mr. May retired
46 I Lint orient Sketch of Franklin Countij.
uiid Alfred 11. Sinilli took his place, and the name of the paper was
changed to " T'/ie Cwm/;er^r/«(Z Vallcij Sentinel.^'' In ISol Messrs. B.
F. Nead and John Kinneard became the proprietors, with Joseph
Nill, Esq., and afterwards Dr. William H. Boyle, as editors On
the 1st of July, isr)2, the paper passed into tlie hands of Messrs.
John M. Cooper and Peter 8. Dechert, and was merged into '■'The
Vattvy S'j)irif,^' which paper these gentlemen had removed from
iShippensburg to Chamhersburg about a year previously. In 18")7
Messrs. Cooper & Dccliert sold the jiaper to Messrs. George H. Men-
gel & Co., Dr. Boyle continuing as editor. In 1800 Messrs. Mengel
and Ripper became the owners, Dr. Boyle continuing as editor.
In April, 1858, Messrs. R. P. Hazeletand David A. Wert z started a
paper called " The Independent.''^ In 1859 they sold it to W. I. Cook
and P. Dock Frey, who changed its name to "7Vie Timcs.^' Mr. Cook
retired in a short time, and gave place to Mr. M. A. Foltz. In 1800
Messrs. Jacob Sellers and Wm. Kennedy bt^cume the owners of The
Times, and published it as a Democratic paper. In 1S02 Messrs H.
C. Keyser and B. Y. Hamsher purchased the Valletj Spirit from
Messrs. Ripper and Mengel, and shortly after Mr. Kennedy associa-
ted himself and his paper with them, and the name of the paper
was changed to that of " The Spirit and Times,^' and published by B.
Y. Hamsher & Co. In 1808 Mr. Kennedy retired and the name of
the paper was again changed to " 7'Ae Valley Spirit.'" In July, 1H07, J.
M. Cooper & Co. again became the owners. lu Seiitember, 18G7, it
passed into the hands of ISIessrs. Augustus Duncan and Wm. S.
tStenger, who continued its publication until 1870, when they sold
out to Mr. Joseph C. Clugston, the present proprietor. It is now
edited by John M. Cooper, Esq., is Democratic in jjolitics, and has
a circulation of 2,160.
The following newspapers are now also being published in our
county, viz. :
The ''Public Opinion,'''' at Chamhersburg. It was established in the
year 1809 by its present editor and proprietor, Moses A. Foltz. It is
Republican in politics, and has a circulation of about 1,700.
The " Mercersburg Journal,'" published at Mercersburg, is owned
and edited by M. J. Slick, Esq. It is neutral in i:)olitics, and has a
circulation of about 500. It was established in 1840.
"The V'dlage Record" is published at Waynesboro', by W. Blair,
who is editor and proprietor. It was established in 1847, has a cir-
culation of about 1,000, and is neutral in politics.
"The Valley Echo" is published at Greencastle, by George E.
Haller, editor and proprietor. It was established in 1807, has a cir-
culation of about 500, and is neutral in politics.
"The Keystone Gazette" is a new weekly paper, the publication of
which was commenced at Waynesboro' in our county, about the 1st
of September last, by Messrs. J. C. West and W. J. C. Jacobs, edi-
historical Sketch of Franklin County. 47
tors and proprietors. It is Democratic in politics and claims a cir-
culation of about five hundred.
The "Saturday LocaV is a weekly newspaper recently started at
Charabersburg, by Joseph Pomeroy & Co. It is neutral in politics.
GENERATi WASHINGTON'S VISIT.
On the first of October, 1794, President Washington left Philadel-
phia for the western part of this State, called thither by the troubles
known in our history as the "Whisky Insurrection." He was ac-
companied by General Henry Knox, the Secretary of War ; General
Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury; Hon. Richard
Peters, Judge of the District Court of the United States for Penn-
sylvania; Mr Dandridge, his Private Secretary, and others of his
official family. On Friday, the 4th ot the month, the party reached
Harrisburg, and on Saturday, the 5th, Carlisle, where aconsiderable
part of the army was already assembled. The President remained at
Carlisle until the 11th inst. During that time he had several inter-
views with commissioners from the insurgents, who wished him to
disband the army, assuring him that the people of the insurrectionary
counties would obey the laws withoutmarching the troops out there.
He refused to accede to their request, yet he assured them that no
violence would be done, that all that he desired was to have the
people come back to their allegiance.
On the morning of Saturday, the 11th inst., the Presidential party
left Carlisle and reached Chambersburg that evening. Whilst
here they stopped with William Morrow, who kept a tavern in a
stone house which stood on south Main street, on the lot recently
owned by Dr. J. C. Richards, dec'd., now the property of Peter Bru-
ner. The President and party went south from this, through Green-
castle, to Williamsport, Maryland, and from thence to Fort Cumber-
land ; but as they did not reach Williamsport until the evening of
Monday, the 13th, the presumption is that they remained in our
town over Sunday, the 12th inst., as it is well known that President
Washington was very averse to doing any work on the Lord's Day
which could be avoided.
THE WHISKEY INSURRECTION.
For three or four years prior to the date of President Washing-
ton's visit to our town, the larger part of the people of the counties of
Fayette, Allegheny, Westmoreland and Washington, in our State,
had been in open rebellion against the general government, because
of the United States excise tax upon whisky. The tax was origin-
ally only four pence per gallon, and was subsequently reduced be-
low that sum. The people of that section of the State were mainly
the descendants of Scotch-Irishmen, who hated the name and office
48 Jfistoricdl Sketch of Franklin County.
of ail exciseman. TIkm'o were no teniperance societies then in ex-
istence, and to nialte an«l drink whisky was common, and was not
regarded as disreputable by any one ; and the fame of their "Old
Mononjrahela" was proverbial east and west. The only surplus pro-
ducts of the people of that region were corn and rj-^e, and it would
not pay to transport them to the eastern markets by pack horses,
the only means they had. A horse could carry but four bushels of
rye over tlie miserable roads then in existence, but he could carry
tlie product of twenty-four bushels in the shape of whisky. They
therefore made whisky everywhere. Almost every farmer had his
"still." They thought that as they had cultivated their lands for
years, at the peril of their lives every hour, and had fought the
savages unaided most of the time by the government, which gave
them little protection, they had a right to do as they pleased with
the surplus products of their labors. And so they made it into
whisky, knowing that it could be easily shipped east to a market
where it would find a ready sale. They denied tlie right of the
government to tax it, refused to pay the tax, tarred and feathered
the tax collectors, and compelled them to resign theiroflfices or leave
the country. So wide spread was the opposition to the enforce-
ment of the law, and so inflamed the state of the jiublic mind, that
it was found necessary to send a large body of troops out to the in-
surrectionary districts to bring the people to reason and obedience.
The opposition to the enforcement of the excise laws was not con-
fined exclusively to the people of the western counties of the State
There were many persons east of the mountains who were very
hostile to the excise laws, and who sympathized wilh the alleged
grievances of their western friends and kinsmen. General James
Chambers, in a letter from Loudon Forge, to A. J. Dallas, Esq.,
Secretary of the Commonwealth, under date of Sej)teiiiber 22d, 1794,
says: "On the IGth inst. I arrived in Chambersburg, and to my
great astonishment I found the Rabble had raised what they Caled
a Liberty pole. Some of the most active of the inhabitants was at
the time absent, and upon the whole, perhaps, it was best, as mat-
ters has Since taken a violent change. When I came hear I found
the magistrates had opposed the sitting of the pole up, to the utmost
of their power, but was not Supported by the majority of the Citty-
zens. They wished to have the Royators Subject to Law, and (Mr.
Justice John Riddle, John Scott and Christian Oyster) the magis-
trates of this place informed me of their zealous wish to have them
brought to Justice. I advised tliem to Call a meeting of the inhab-
itants of the town on the next morning, and we would have the
matter opened to them, and Show the necessity of Soporting Gov-
ernment, Contrassed with the destruction of one of the best govern-
ments in the world."
The meeting was held in the "Coorthous"— Mr. John Riddle
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 49
delivered "a very animating address" to the people — Resolves were
passed and drawn up for the people to sign, pledging them to sup-
port the Justices in their efforts "to bring the Royators to tryal,"
and General Chambers continues: "I am now happy to have in
my power to request you, Sir, to inform his Excellency, the Gove-
nour, that these exertions has worked the desired Change. The mag-
istrates has sent for the men, the very Same that Errected the pole,
and I had the pleasure of Seeing them, on Saturday Evening, Cut
it down ; and with the Same waggon that brought it into town, they
were oblidgeed to draw the remains of it out of town again. The Cir-
cumstance was mortifying, and they behaived very well. They
seem very penetant, and no person offered them any insult. It has
worked such a change, I believe we will be able Shortly to Send
our Quota to Carlisle."
Liberty poles were also erected at Carlisle and other places, and
the people everywhere in the eastern part of the State were very
reluctant to turn out at the cill of President Washington against
the "whisky boys," whose grievances they believed, for the most
part, to be well founded. Secretary Dallas, in his report to the
Senate, under date of September 10th, 1794, said: "According to
the information I have received from several parts of the country,
it appears that the militia are unwilling to march to quell the in-
surrection. They say that they are ready to march against a foreign
enemy, but not against the citizens of their own State,"
The troops called into the field under the requisition of President
Washington, dated the 7th of August, 1794, numbered 12,950, and
were from Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
Those from New Jersey and Pennsylvania assembled at Carlisle.
Governor Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, and Governor Richard
Howell, of New Jersey, had command of the quotas of their re-
spective States — met them there, and in company with President
Washington reveiwed them. The Pennsylvania troops were in one
Division of 5,196 men, under the command of Major General Wil-
liam Irvine, It was composed of three Brigades, the first com-
manded by Brigadier General Thomas Procter, the second by Briga-
dier General Francis Murray, and the third by Brigadier General
James Chambers, of our county. General Chambers' Brigade was
composed of 1,762 men, 568 of whom were from Lancaster county,
550 from York county, 363 from Cumberland county, and 281 from
Franklin county. These troops passed through our county by way
of Strasburg, from whence they crossed the mountains to Fort Lyt-
tleton on their march to Pittsburg, which place they reached in the
month of November folio whig. Happily the supremacy of the
laws, and the enforcement of order, were secured by this display of
power on part of the General Government, without firing a gun, and
without any of the sufferings or losses incident to a state of actual
50
Historical Sketch of Franklin Countij.
war. On Tuesday, the loth of November, 1794, tlie Pennsylvania
troops left Pittsburg on their return home. They marelied by way
of Greensl)urg, Ligonier, Bedford, Sideling Hill, Fort Lyttleton,
Strasburg and Shippensburg, to Carlisle, where they were disbanded.
POPULATION.
According to the assessment
of our county numbered two tl
two, divided among the several
Antrim,
Franklin,
Fannett,
Guilford,
Hamilton,
Letterkenny,
Lurgan,
Montgomer3%
Peters, .
Southampton,
Washington,
lists for the year 1786, the
lousand three hundred and
townships as follows, viz. :
Free-
holders.
186
102
126
105
145
162
58
143
113
79
151
Non-Free-
holders.
83
8
55
38
53
47
24
55
72
27
60
Free-
men.
54
53
36
30
46
41
21
31
39
27
52
taxablea
twenty-
Total.
323
163
217
173
244
250
103
229
224
133
263
Totals, 1,370 522 430 2,322
In 1793 our taxables had increased to three thousand five hundred
and seventy; and our whole population has been as follows, viz. :
In 1790 15,655
" 1800, 19,638
" 1810, 23,173
" 1820, 31,892
" 1830, 35,037
" 1840, 37,793
" 1850, 37,956
" 1860, 42,126
" 1870, ♦. . . . 45,365
So that we have not quite tripled our jDopulation in the last
eighty-six years.
GUBERNATOKIAL ELECTIONS.
The following statement of the votes cast in our county at several
of the earlier elections for Governor may be of interest as showing
the progress of the county in population :
Evangelical Lutheran Church of creencastle pa.
Rev. Fred'i^ Klinefelter pastor.
' erected 1875, — dimensions — ^8 x 85 feet.
:Page285
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
51
In 1790.
For Governor,
Thomas Mifflin
received.
1508 votes
Gen. Arthur St. Clair
193 "
For Senator,
Abraham Smith
985 "
Robert Johnston
565 "
For Representatives
James Johnston
1656 "
(two elected)
James M'Lene
1564 "
For Sheriff,
Henry Work
792 "
James Irwin
554 "
For Coroner,
George Clark
1648 "
George Stover
1640 "
For Commissioner,
James Poe
818 "
Daniel Royer
588 "
In 1799.
For Governor,
James Ross
1413 "
Thomas M'Kean
992 "
In 1802.
For Governor,
Thomas M'Kean
1368 "
James Ross
686 "
In 1805.
For Governor,
Simon Snyder
1369 "
Thomas M'Kean
1228 "
The election districts and vote at this last election were as follows,
viz. :
Snyder. M'Kean.
395 366
Chambersburg,
Strasburg,
Fannett,
Metal,
Mercersburg,
Green castle,
Waynesboro,
310
155
90
239
152
28
93
40
33
310
162
234
TRANSPORTATION liAST CENTURY.
There were no turnpikes, no canals and no railroads in those days.
All transportation of merchandize, such as groceries, iron, salt, &e.,
was, as already stated, by pack horses, from Winchester, Hagers-
town, Chambersburg, and other points in the east, across the
mountains to Bedford, Fort Cumberland, Hanna's town, Pittsburg,
and other points in the west. The people of all sections of the
country, east and west, had long before this realized the fact that
the pack horses of the day were not equal to the demands of the
times in furnishing transportation facilities. The Provincial great
52 Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
roads, opened by Pennsylvania and Vir;jcinia for the use of (Jeneral
Braddock's army, from Loudon town and Winchester to Fort Cum-
berland, were originally poorly and hastily constructed, had become
much out of repair, and so far as the needs of I'ennsylvania were
concerned, were useless beyond the town of Bedford. Accordingly,
attention was turned towards making better roads. Private citizens
subscribed money for this purpose, many of the townships along the
lines gave jiecuniary aid, and in ITSi) tlie first wagon that passed over
the mountain barriers separating the east from the west, went from
Hagerstown, Maryland, to Brownsville, Pennsylvania. It was
drawn by four horses, contained two thousand pounds of freight,
and was near a month passing over the road, a distanceof aboutone
hundred and thirty miles.
TURNPIKKS.
The first turnpike company incorporated in the State of Pennsyl-
vania, was "The Philadelijhia and Lancaster Company," April 9th,
1792. In a few years quite a number of others were incorporated,
but it was not until about the years lSl-i-'21, that the making of
turnpikes seized hold upon the public mind. During those years
the State became a large subscriber to the stock of various turnpike
companies, I suppose because the Legislature thought that the
public treasury should aid in the making of improveiiients designed
for the public benefit. The Carlisle and Chambersburg road received
nearly $100,000 from the State; the Chambersburg and Bedford road
$175,000; and the Waynesboro', Greencastle and ISIercersburg road
about $25,000. The State got but few, and very small dividends on
these investments, and some twenty-five years ago these stocks
were sold by the State Treasurer at the nominal prices of from fifty
cents to a dollar per share. The roads, however, remain ; and in the
days of wagoning and staging they were of vast use to the people,
repaying them an hundred fold the public moneys invested in their
construction.
We have now eightj^-eight miles of turnpike in our county, viz. :
Waynesboro', Greencastle and Mercersburg, forty-two miles ; Cham-
bersburg and Bedford, nineteen miles ; Chambersburg and Carlisle,
eleven miles; Chambersburg and Gettysburg, nine miles; Green-
castle and Maryland line, five and a half miles; and Waynesboro'
and Maryland line, one and a half miles.
STAGE COACHES.
The first stage coach line from Chambersburg to Pittsburg was
established in the year 1804. The doom of that mode of travel was
sealed when the locomotive scaled the heights of the Alleghenies;
but in their day the old Concord coaches were the most speedj' and
most pleasant means of passing from the east to the west, and those
who can remember will bear me out in saying that the arrival or
Wstorical Sketch of FranJdin County. 53
<ieparture of half a dozen coaches of the rival lines, with horns
blowing, streamers flying, and hoi-ses on the full run, was one of
the most inspiring of scenes. It was witnessed about twice a day,
at any time, in our good old town, some thirty yeai-s ago.
RAIL,ROADS.
We have now three railroads in our county, viz. : The "Cumber-
land Valley," which embraces the old "Franklin Railroad," and
extends through the valley from Harrisburg to the Maryland line,
a distance of about sixty-eight miles; the "Mont Alto Railroad,"
twelve and thirty one-hundredths miles long; and the "Southern
Pennsylvania Railway," twenty-one and four-tenth miles in length,
making a total railroad mileage in the county of about fifty-nine
and thirty-four one-hundredths miles. The Cumberland Valley
Railroad was incorporated in 1831. Work was commenced upon
it in 1835, and in August, 1837, it was opened from Harrisburg to
Carlisle, and in November, 1837, to Chambersburg. Thomas G.
M'CuUoh, Esq., was its first President. Upon his resignation Hon.
Frederick Watts, of Carlisle, succeeded him, and served for some
twenty-five years. In 1850 the road was relaid with heavy T rails,
at a cost of about $270,000. About the year 1865 a consolidation with
the Franklin Railroad was efTected, whereby the Cumberland Val-
ley Railroad was extended to Hagerstown, Maryland. In 1873
Thomas B. Kennedy, Esq., of Chambersburg, succeeded to the
Presidency of the road, upon the resignation of Judge Watts. It
now has a continuous line of road, 94 miles in length, from Harris-
burg, Pennsylvania, to Martinsburg, West Virginia, whilst the total
length of the main line and its connections is one hundred and
twenty-five miles. The Cumberland Valley Railroad is most sub-
stantially built, with convenient and tasteful station-houses, clean
and neat cars, first-class engines and rolling stock, and accommo-
dating and gentlemanly conductors and other employes ; and there
is no better constructed or better managed railroad in the Common-
wealth than it is. The total cost of the road has been about $2,500,
000 ; and its property is now worth fully $3,500,000.
JUDICIAL DISTRICTS.
By an act of Assembly passed the 24th of February, 1806 the State
was divided into ten judicial districts, Adams, Cumberland and
Franklin counties being the ninth district. By the 15th section of
the same act the Associate Judges of the courts were reduced ft-om
four to tivo in each county, as their commissions expired On the
first of March, 1806, Hon. James Hamilton, of Carlisle, one of the
most distinguished lawyers of the State, was appointed President
Judge of this district, and served until the 13th of March, 1819 when
he died suddenly at Gettysburg whilst holding court. '
64 HUitorical Sketch of Fran/din County.
SUPRKMR OOUKT.
By the act of the 11th of Mnrcli, 1809, the Soutliorn District of the
Suinome Court, composed of tlie counties of Cuinberlainl, Frankhn,
AdaniH, Bedford and Huntinjijdon, was created, tlie sessions to be
held annually at Chambersburg. This act was repealed and the
district abolished by the act of the 14th of April, 1834, reorganizing
the Supreme Court, but during the intervening twenty-live years,
the Supreme Court sat annually' in our old court house, and Chief
Justices Tilghman and Gibson, and Justices Yeates, Breckenridge,
Duncan, Huston, Rogers, Tod, Smitli, Iloss, Kennedy and Ser-
geant, delivered there some of the ablest and most important judi-
cial o2)inions to be found in our State Reports.
BANKS.
The first bank established in our county was started in the year
1809, under "Articles of Association," with a capital of $2-50,000, in
two thousand five hundred shares of SlOO 00 each. It was called the
"Chambersburg Bank," and was simply a private organization, re-
ceiving deposits and discounting notes, drafts, &c. Edward Craw-
ford was President and Alexander Calhoun, Cashier, and the follow-
ing i)ersons were the first Board of Directors, viz. : John Calhoun,
jMatliias Maris, John HoUiday, Jacob Whitmore, John Shryock,
"NVm. M. Brown, Jacob Heyser, Patrick Campbell, (of Peters), Peter
Eberly and James Riddle. It continued to do business under these
articles of association until the year 1814, when it was merged into
the "Bank of Chambersburg," under the Omnibus a(;t of that year,
next referred to.
On the 21st of March, 1813, an act was passed by the Legislature
"Regulating Banks," which divided the State into twenty-seven
districts and provided for the creation of forty-one new banks, with
a capital of over $17,000,000. It gave the county of Franklin two
banks, one to be called the "Bank of Chambersburg," with a capi-
tal of $000,000, the other "The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of
Greencastle," with a capital of $250,000. Governor Snyder vetoed
the bill, but at the next session, on the 21st of March, 1814, it was
"log rolled" through, notwithstanding the veto.
The 'Bank of Chambersburg," now the "National Bank of Cham-
bersburg," has been in full operation ever since, and deservedly
ranks as one of the best conducted and most reliable banking insti-
tutions in the State.
"The Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank of Greencastle" was duly
organized under its charter of 1814, but from some causes now un-
known, soon got into trouble, and about the year 1818 failed most
disastrously, entailing financial trouble and ruin upon almost every
person connected with it.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 55
In addition to tlie National Bank of Cliambersburg, wliicli has a
capital of $260,000, we have now in operation in this county, the
National Bank of Greencastie, with a capital of $100,000 ; the Na-
tional Bank of Waynesboro', capital $75,000; the Franklin County
Bank, at Chambersburg, with a capital of $65,000; and the Farmers'
Bank of Mercersburg, with a capital of some $20,000. The last two
are banks of discount and deposit alone, owned by individuals.
WATER WORKS.
About the year 1818 the first attempt was made to introduce water
into our town. It was taken from the Falling Spring, about a half
mile east of the railroad bridge, being forced thence to the reservoir
(which was where the dwelling of Samuel Myers now is) by the
power of the stream acting upon the buckets of a large water wheel
placed in the current. The pipes extended through Market street
to Franklin, a short way on Second street, and on Main street from
King street to German. There were no fire plugs — nothing but
hydrants for family use — and the reservoir being small, the works
were wholly useless in times of fire. The pipes soon rotted out, and
by the year 1823 the whole thing was abandoned. Being very prim-
itive in all their appoiutments, these works could not have been
very expensive, although some of our old citizens say that they cost
about forty thousand dollars.
Our present excellent water works are the property of the borough,
constructed through the energy of our Town Council. They are said
to be well built, and reflect great credit upon all connected with
their erection. Their total cost is about fifty-five thousand dollars.
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER.
The manufacture of writing and printing paper was commenced
at Chambersburg, or Chambers' town, as it was then called, by John
Scott & Co., in September, 1788, and for about eight years thereafter
the newspapers at Pittsburg, and west of the mountains generally,
were supplied from this point. The paper was transported upon
pack horses, hundreds of which could at any time, as late as 1796, be
found loading with merchandize at Strasburg, Loudon, Mercersburg
and Chambersburg, for the western country.
STRAW PAPER.
straw paper was manufactured at Chambersburg as early as 1831 ,
by George A. Shryock and Dr. Samuel D. Culbertson. It never got
into general use in the mercantile community, being too brittle for
wrapping ; but in the shape of binders' boards, and in other styles
of manufacture, it met with large sales, and proved very remuner-
ative to those engaged in the business.
56 iriftfnrical Sketch of Franklin Counly.
COMMON SCHOOLS.
]{y the CoiiHtitutions of 177'! ami 17!)() (each) it was provided that
a system of Public Free Schools sliould he founded in each county,
for the instruction of the poor ; and this was done by the public
paying those who kept private pcii/ so.hools to instruct the indijrent
poor who were sent to them. It was not, however, until about the
j'ear 18:16 (or forty years ago) that the present magnificent Common
School System of our State was established. At first it was bitterly
opposed in many parts of the Commonwealtii, and many years
elapsed before it was generally adopted. In our county there were
last year two hundred and fifty-four schools, kept open an average
of six months, haA'ing in them one hundred and ninety male, and
seventy-two female teachers. The number of male scholars in these
schools was six thousand three hundred and seven, and of females
five thousand two hundred and twenty-eight. The total receipts
were $86,860.42, and the expenditures ?82,()2;].4"), of which 849,698.47
Avere applied to the payment of teachers' salaries, and the balance to
other expenses.
COLLEGES ANI> ACADEMIES.
In addition to the facilities afforded by our common schools to the
youth of our county, both male and female, to obtain a complete
education, we have the ''Mercersburg College" at Mercersburg, in a
department of which Theology is also taught, of which Professor
E. E. Higbee, D. D., is Principal ; the "Chambersburg Academy"
at Chambersburg, of which Professor J. H. Shumaker is Principal ;
the "Kennedy Academy" at Welsh Run, of which Rev. J. H.
Fleming is Principal; the "Wilson College" (for females) at Cham-
bersburg, of which Rev. W. F. Wylie, A. M., is President; and the
"Mercersburg Female Seminary" at Mercersburg, of which Rev. J.
H. Hassler is Principal. Besides these there are a number of other
private schools of a high grade in various parts of the county,
where both a common and classical education may be acquired.
WAR LOSSES.
In the late war of the Rebellion our county suffered more, and
our people lost more, than any other county in the northern Stjvtes.
Ours was the debatable ground over which friend and foe alike
passed at discretion in the carrying out of their military operations,
and by each were our people caused to suffer. Under the authority
of a Union Governor of Pennsylvania, the horses, saddles, bridles,
&c., of our rural population were seized and taken for the public
use, and many of these seizures have never been paid for. The
Confederate troops raided upon our county several times and stripped
our people of their horses, their wagons, their carriages, their cattle,
HistoriGal Sketch of FixinMin County.
57
their merchandize and tlieir money; and m 1863, Lee, the great
captain of the hosts of tlie rebellion, with tlie pride and flower of his
following, near one hundred thousand strong, invaded our county
and held it in his undisputed control for tliree weeks or more.
During all the years of the rebellion the people of the border
counties were in all things loyal to the government. Upon us the
waves of the rebellion beat, and our suflferings and losses were the
protection of the people of other parts of our Commonwealth. Dis-
interested, unprejudiced and sworn appraisers have, for the third
time, said that the losses of the border counties were $3,452,515.95,
distributed as follows, viz. :
Somerset county, $ 120 00
Bedford "
Fulton
Franklin "
Cliambersburg,
Adams county,
York
Cumberland and Perry counties.
6,818 03
56,504 98
846,053 30
1,625,435 55
489,488 99
216,366 15
211,778 95
$3,452,515 95
And yet the representatives of the great State of PennsylvaniaX
Lave hitherto turned a deaf ear to the petitions of our plundered !
people, many of wliom lost their all. Not one penny has ever been '
given to the peoples of any of tliese districts, save to the burned out
population of Chambersburg, who, after much tribulation and many
years waiting, obtained less than fifty per <^V)it. of their losses.
In the great fire of 30th July, 1864, by which the town of Cham-
bersburg was destroyed, the following buildings were burned, viz. :
Residences and places of business, ... . . 278
Barns and stables, 98
Out-buildings of various kinds, 178
Total, . . .549
The total losses of the people of the town have been appraised at
$1,625,435.55, of which near $785,000 was for real estate alone. The
county was also a great sufferer, and her losses are not included in
this estimate. Our beautiful court house, which, in 1843, cost us
$44,545 16, was totally destroyed, and the rebuilding of it cost our
people $52,083.25, though the old walls were used. But the greatest
loss our people sustained was in the destruction of the large mass of
our public records, which were burned with the court house. Their
loss is irreparable. They never can be restored, and it is only
among the legal fraternity that the magnitude of the calamity is
duly appreciated. I have known more than one case where minors
have lost their whole estates, by reason of the destruction of these
58 Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
records, and their consequent inability upon coming of age to prove
who were their guardians, or the bail of these guardians; and in
other cases where the names of the guardians were known, but have
become insolvent, the moneys in their hands have been lost, because
of inability to prove who their securities were.
OUR CRIMINAI. HISTORY.
Nine-tenths of the first white inhabitants of the Cumberland val-
ley wer6, as has already been stated, Scotch-Irish, with some Eng-
lishmen and pure Scotchmen amongst them. They were generally
of the better class, brought up to regard the laws of God and man ;
the most of them being members of some church. They were,
therefore, desirable additions to the population of the country ; good
citizens, Avho generally lived at peace with each other, and when
they did violate the law, their crimes were not of a very heinouS
character. Their morality was regulated by the ideas of the age in
which they lived, and in those days many things were thought quite
proper and right which would not now meet with approval. The
use of strong liquors was general amongst them, and to an excessive
indulgence in them, was attributable most of their departures from
the rules of right and good conduct. Hence the crimes that our
courts in early times were most often called upon to try and punish
were petty larcenies, assaults and batteries, riots, &c. The higher
crimes, such as arson, burglarj"^, robbery and murder were of rare
occurrence among the inhabitants of this valley. Indeed, I do not
know of a single instance, in this county, at least, where a Scotch-
Irishman was convicted of either of these offences. There have
been but five capital convictions in our county, so far as I have any
record, since its organization, over ninety-two years ago. Four of
these were for murder and one for rape.
At a court of Oyer and Terminer, held at Chambersburg, in No-
vember, 1785, before Hon. Thomas M'Keau, Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court, John Hanna, of Franklin township, and Josiah
Ramage, of Letterkenny township, wex-e severally convicted of
murder in the first degree.
The names of the grand jurors who found the indictments were as
follows, viz. : James Maxwell, foreman, William M'Dowell, Thomas
Johnston, George Matthews, John M'Clay, James Findley, John
Allison, James Watson, Frederick Byers, William Scott, Elias
Davidson, Richard Beard, Charles M'Clay, Nathan M'Dowell,
James Chambers, Patrick Maxwell, William Rannels, Matthew
Wilson, James Moore and James Campbell.
John Hanna was charged with having murdered John Devebaugh,
on the 22d day of June, 1785, near the Catholic church in Cham-
bersburg, by striking him with an iron stone auger. The names of
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 59
thejui'ors who tried him were Robert Wilson, John Cunningham,
John Lawrence, John Gaff, Robert M'Karland, Robert Patton,
James Withers, Matthew Ferguson, William Strain, John Young,
Thomas Lucas and James M'Farland. The crime was committed
in the heat of passion, growing out of a sudden quarrel, and strong
efforts were made for his pardon. Such was the influence brought
to bear in his favor that the Supreme Executive Council at its next
meeting, on the 17th of December, 1785, refused to issue a warrant
for his execution.
Josiah Ramage was charged with having killed his wife, Mary
Ramage, on the 24th of March, 1785, in Letterkenny township, by
striking her on the head with a pair of fire tongs. The names of
the jurors who tried him were John Young, James M'Farland,
James Withers, Robert Davidson, William Berryhill, Robert M'-
Farland, John Lawrence, Daniel Miller, John Cunningham, Wil-
liam Strain, Robert Wilson and Gean Morrow.
The cases of Hanna and Ramage were again before the Supreme
Executive Council on the 6th of April, 1786, when it was ordered
that they should be executed on Wednesday, the third day of May,
of that year; and they were on that day hung by Jeremiah Talbot,
the first Sheriff of the county, who was paid by the county in the
year 1788, a fee of £9, 4 shillings therefor.
A negro slave, named Jack Durham, the property of Andrew
Long, of this county, was convicted of the crime of rape, at a court
of Oyer and Terminer, held on the 3d day of June, 1788, before Hon,
Thomas M'Kean, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Wm.
Augustus Atlee and George Bryan, his Associates, and on the 21st
of June of that year the Supreme Executive Council ordered that
his execution be "made and done" on Tuesday, the 8th day of July
following. John Johnston, the second Sheriff of our county exe-
cuted Durham, and was paid by the county a fee of £7, 10 shillings
therefor.
The crime was committed at Southampton township, upon the
person of one Margaret Stall. The jury valued Durham at thirty
pounds, Pennsylvania currency, or $80.00, which was paid his owner
by the Commonwealth. The names of the jurors who tried him
were John Ray, George King, Robert M'Culloch, James Erwin,
Robert Parker, Edward Crawford, Robert Culbertson, John M'Mul-
lan, Henry Pawling, John M'Clellan, William Henderson and Jo-
seph Chambers.
On the 12th day of November, 1807, a man named John M'Kean
was convicted of the murder of his wife, in Washington township,
on the 30th of August previously, and was executed by Jacob Sny-
der, Esq., Sheriff of our county, on the 22d day of December, 1807.
He was the last man executed in this county.
The jury who tried M'Kean were Thomas Anderson, Henry
GO Historical Sketch of Franklin Counti/.
Davis, Joliii Witherow, Christian Kryder, James Smith, David
Jolin, William Brewster, James M'Cunly, (of James), John Holli-
day, David Koniiedy, John Trvin and Jacob Smith, of Lurgan.
John Murtau^h, an Irisli raih'oad liand employed in tlie making
of tlie "Tape-worm," as tlie raih'oad Ieadinj?from Gettysburf; to-
wards IIaj;erstown was called, was convicted at the April sessions,
1S3S, of the niurder of one of his fellow workmen, named James
!M'Glinchey, and sentenced on the 7th of April, 18;5H, to be hung,
but he became insaneafter his conviction, was several times respited,
and finally died in prison.
Ramage and Hannawere hung on the hill north of the present
residence of Jacob Nixon, and Durham and M'Kean east of the
present residence of AVilliam M'Lellan, Esq., about where the new
residence of James A. M'Knight has been built. Hence that hill was
called for many years "Gallows Hill."
INInch of the criminal business of our county for the last fifty years,
indeed the most of it, even up to and including the present period,
has been caused by the j^resence of the large number of colored peo-
ple amongst us. Our Commonwealth having:, as early as 1780, passed
"An act for the gradual abolition of slavery" within her borders, it
became a common occurrence for the free negroes of Maryland and
Virginia to leave those States and remove to Pennsylvania, and our
county being immediately upon the dividing line between the free
and the slave States, they were content, as soon as thej' got north of
that line, to settle down and remain where they were safe from the
oppressive laws of their former condition of servitude. In many
instances the executors of deceased slave owners, who had manu-
mitted their slaves, brought the new freedmen, sometimes number-
ing thirty or forty in a lot, within the borders of our county, and
there left them to provide for themselves. To these causes it is ow-
ing that we have had so many colored people amongst us. Some of
them were sober, industrious and economical, but the greater part
of them were improvident, lazy, and addicted to the use of strong
drinks whenever they could get them. Hence they were quarrel-
some and riotous, and through their improvidence and laziness were
frequently before our courts for fighting or stealing, or were the in-
mates of our poor house, from want, in all cases taxing our treasury
for their punishment and support.
To Pennsylvania belongs the lasting honor of being the first one
of the "United Colonies" to acknowledge before God and the na-
tions of the world, the duties and obligations resting uijon her to do
justice to the colored people within her borders, by providing for
their equality before the law as men; and by giving to them and
their descendants the right to enjo^' the inestimable privileges of
life, liberty, and happiness, for which the war of the revolution
was then being waged with Great Britain.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 6f
On the 5th of February, 1779, when General Joseph Reed was
President of the Supreme Executive Council of our State, George
Bryan, Esq., Vice President, and James M'Lene, Esq., a Councilor
from the county of Cumberland, the Council called the attention of
the General Assembly of the State to the subject of the abolition of
slavery in Pennsylvania, in language so remarkable, because of its
being so much in advance of the sentiments of the people of other
sections of the land at that day, and so different fi-om the views held
even now by a great many of our people, both north and south, that
I feel constrained to give it here.
"We think," said they, "we are loudly called on to evince our
gratitude in making our fellow men joint heirs with us of the same
inestimable blessings we now enjoy, under such restrictions and
regulations as will not injure the community, and will impercepti-
bly enable them to relish and improve the station to which they
will be advanced. Honored will that State be in the annals of man-
kind which shall first abolish this violation of the rights of raan-
kind ; and the memories of those will be held in grateful and
everlasting remembrance who shall pass the law to restore and
establish the rights of human nature in Pennsylvania."
On the first day of March, 1780, the representatives of the Key-
stone State of the Union, in General Assembly met, in the city of
Philadelphia, close by the Congress of the United Colonies, then
also in session there, passed Pennsylvania's act for the gradual abo-
lition of human slavery. The struggle for national independence
was then still undetermined. Continental currency had depreciated
so much that one dollar of specie would purchase three thousand of
currency. The British on the east, and the savages on the west,
pressed hard upon the struggling patriots. The national govern-
ment was without credit; the army and the navy were without the
material needed to conduct the war to a successful ending ; and all —
army, navy, and people— were sadly straitened for the necessaries of
life. And yet, Pennsylvania's representatives, undismayed by their
surrounding, and unheedful what the representatives in Congress
of the slave-holding States of the nation might think of their action,
gave utterance to their views of slavery, and the conclusions they
had come to about it, in language so beautiful and so forcible, that
justice to their memory impels me to extract the Preamble to the
law they then enacted, long though it be, as I am satisfied that the
great majority of the people have never seen or read it.
I. "When," say they, "we contemplate our abhorrence of that
condition, to which the arms and tyranny of Great Britain were
exerted to reduce us ; when we look back on the variety of dangers
to which we have been exposed, and how miraculously our wants,
in many instances, have been supplied, and our deliverance wrought,
when even hope and human fortitude have become unequal to the
62 Hisloricnl Sketch of Franklin Counb/.
conflict, we are uiiavoidiilily Knl (o a serious ami j;nitefiil sens-eof the
manifold blessiii>;s wiiii-ii we luive uixleservediy received from the
hand oC that lieiiit^ from wijom every j^ood and perfect gift cometli.
ImpresHcd with these ideas, we conceive that it is our duty, and we
rejoice that it is in our power, to extend a portion of that freedom
to otiiers wliich hatli been extended to us, and release from that
state of thraldom, to which we ourselves were tyrannically doomed,
and from which we have now every prospect of beins delivered. It
is not for us to en(juire why, in the creation of mankintl, the in-
habitants of the several parts of the earth were distinguished by a
difference in feature or comi)lexion. It Is HufficUnt to knoiv that
all are the work of an AlmUjhtij hand. We find in the distribution
of the human species, that the most fertile, as well as the most bar-
ren parts of the earth are inhabited by men of complexions differ-
ent from ours, and from each other; from whence we may reason-
ably, as well as religiously, infer, that He, who placed them in their
various situations, hath extended equally His care and protection to
all, and that it becometh not us to counteract His mercies. We
esteem it a peculiar blessing granted to us, that we are enabled this
day to add one more step to universal civilization, by removing, as
much as possible, the sorrows of those who have lived in undeserved
bondage, and from which, by the assumed authority of the kings of
Great Britain, no effectual, legal relief could be obtained. Weaned
by a long course of experience, from the narrow prejudices and parti-
alities we had imbibed, we find our hearts enlarged with kindness
and benevolfnce towards men of all conditions and nations; and
we conceive ourselves at this particular period extraordinarily
called upon, by the blessings which we have received, to manifest
the sincerity of our profession, and to give a substantial proof of our
gratitude."
II. "And whereas, the condition of those persons, whohave here-
tofore been denominated negro and mulatto slaves, has been attended
with circumstances, which not only dei)rived them of the common
blessings that they were by nature entitled to, but has cast them
into the deepest afflictions, by an unnatural separation and sale of
husband and wife from each other, and from their children, an in-
jury, the greatness of which can only be conceived by supposing
that we were in the same unhappy case. In justice, therefore, to
persons so unhappily circumstanced, and who, having no prospect
before them wherein they may rest their sorrows and their hopes;
have no reivsonable inducement to render their service to society,
which they otherwise might, and also in grateful commemoration
of our own happy deliverance from that state of unconditional sub-
mission to which we were doomed by tlie tyranny of Great Brit-
ain." Therefore be it enacted, &c.
How different these ideas and purposes from those entertained by
Historical Sketch of Iranklin County. 63
many persons, esiiecially in the southern States, at the present day.
Notwithstanding the fact that the constitution of the United States,
the supreme law of the land, gives to all men, of every class and
color, equal rights and privileges, its provisions are wholly disre-
garded in many sections of the Union, to the everlasting disgrace
of the nation and the States permitting it.
It is to be deplored that the criminal business of our county has
so greatly increased of late years. It is now a vast and constantly
increasing burthen to our people. Twenty-five years ago the oflflce
of Prosecuting Attorney was one that a lawyer in full practice cared
not to accept, because, whilst it gave considerable trouble to the
holder of the office, the fees received from it afforded no adequate
compensation for the labor connected with the discharge of its duties.
But now the office of District Attorney is amongst the most desira-
ble and lucrative positions in the gift of our people, all things con-
sidered. Much of the increased expenditure in our criminal courts
is attributable to the indiscriminate entertainment by magistrates of
charges for petty offences that should never have been dignified by
being brought before a court and jury.
OUR MIIilTAKY RECORD.
In the early days of the settlement of the Cumberland valley,
whilst this part of it was yet in Lancaster and Cumberland counties,
there were quite a number of our citizens who figured prominently
in the military matters of the day. Indian forays, murders, pur-
suits and fights were quite frequent, and numerous lives were lost
in them. Of those brave and hardy pioneers, in most instances, we
know nothing but their names. They were more active in making
history than in writing it ; and of many of them we have no records
except such as are traditional. Of others the historians have spoken
here and there, and it is their deeds and fame that I wish to rescue
from oblivion.
Among the earliest of these of whom we have any reliable account
is Colonel James Smith, a native of Peters township, in our county.
In May, 1755, whilst engaged with others in opening a road from
Fort Loudon to Bedford, he was captured by the Indians. He was
subsequently adopted into the Caughnewaga tribe, remained with
them until 1759, then escaped to Montreal, and got home in 1760.
In 1763 he was actively engaged against the Indians as a captain of
rangers. He next served as an ensign in the English Provincial
army. In 1764 he took service under General John Armstrong, and
was a lieutenant in Bouquet's expedition against the savages. In
1765 he was the leader of a band of settlers who burnt the goods of
some Indian traders because they had with them powder and lead,
which they feared would be sold in the west to the Indians, and be
64 Historical Sketch of Franklin C'nwifi/.
used aj^iiinst tlie frontier settlements. A number of the residents in
the neijj:hboriu)0(l of Mereersburg and Fort Loudon, who had noth-
Ini; to do with tliis buruinj^, were arrested by the British troops and
confined at Fort Loudon. Smith and his "boys" rallied to the
rescue, and soon took more of tlie sohUers (Higlilandei>s) prisoners
than tliere were of tlieir friends confined at tlie fort. An exchange
was efiected and Smith's neif^hbors were released.
In 17()!> some settlers were arrested and confined in Fort Bedford for
their alleged former participation in the destruction of the goods of
the Indian traders. Smith raised a company, marched to Bedford,
captured the fort and all its ^sarrison, and liberated the men. Some
time afterwards he was arrested for this act, and in the struggle his
travelling companion was shot and killed. He was charged with
the shooting, was arrested and imprisoned at Bedford, and subse-
quently taken to Carlisle for trial, the offence having been com-
mitted in Cumberland county. A body of six hundred of his old
companions and neighbors assembled as soon as they heard of his
arrest, marched to Carlisle and demanded his release. Smith refused
to be released, made a speech to his friends, and counseled then! to
return home, which they did. He remained in prison for four
months, was tried before the Supreme Court at Carlisle, in 1769, and
acijuitted. Shortly after he was elected and served for three j'ears
as a County Commissioner in Bedford county, then removed to
Westmoreland county and served there three years in the same
office. In 1774 he was captain of a company operating against the
Indians. In 1776 he commanded a company of rangers in New
Jersey, and with thirty-six men defeated a detachment of two hun-
dred Hessians, taking a number of prisoners. In 1776 he was elected
a member of the Convention of Pennsylvania from Westmoreland
county. In 1777 was elected a member of the Assembly from that
county, and re-elected as long as he desired to serve. In 1777 Gen-
eral Washington off't^red him a commission as major, l>ut not liking
the colonel of the battalion, he declined it. Whilst serving in the
Assembly he applied for and got leave of absence to raise a battalion
of rifle rangers to serve against the British in New Jersey. Jiimes
M'Cammont, of this county, was the major under him, and when,
afterwards. Colonel Smith was taken sick, took the command of his
troops and did good service. In 1778 he was commissioned a colonel,
and served against the western Indians. In the expedition against
the F'rench Creek Indians he commanded a battalion of four hun-
dred riflemen, and did good service. In the year 1788 he removed to
Bourbon county, Kentucky, where he served in the State Conven-
tion and in the Legislature continuously till 1799, and died about
the beginning of the present century.
Major General James Potter was another of these ancient wor-
thies. He was a son of John Potter, the first SherifTof Cumberland
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 65
county. In 1758 he was a lieutenant in Colonel Armstrong's bat-
talion from this and Cumberland counties. On the 26th of July,
1764, he appears in command of the company of settlers who were
pursuing the Indians who murdered the schoolmaster and children
at Guitner's school house, a few miles south-west of Marion. He
subsequently removed to what is now Centre county, where he pur-
chased a large body of land, and built a stockade fort, widely known
in those days as "Potter's Fort." He was appointed a brigadier
general April 5th, 1777, and a major general May 23d, 1782. He
was Vice President of the State in 1781, and a member of the Coun-
cil of Censors in 1784, and on one occasion came within one vote of
being made President of the State. In the year 1789, having received
an injury, he came to his daughter's, Mrs. Poe, near Marion, to have
the advantage of the advice and attendance of Dr. John M'Lellan,
of Greencastle. He died there in the fall of that year, and was
buried in the Brown's Mill grave-yard. No monumental stone
marks the place of his repose.
Major James M'Calmont (or M'Cammont, as he wrote his name)
was another of the celebrated men of this region of our State in the
last century. He was born in Letterkenny township, in this coun-
ty, near where the town of Strasburg now stands, in the year 1739.
He grew up surrounded by all the dangers and excitements of a
frontier life. With the hills and dales of his native district, and all
the wild recesses of its neighboring mountains, he was perfectly
familiar. His soul delighted in the free air of the woods. He was
skilled in the use of the rifle, and fear was an emotion unknown
to his nature. His swiftness of foot was most extraordinary, and
obtained for him the cognomen of "Supple M'Cammont." He was
generally selected as the leader of the parties called into service to
pursue the savages whenever they made an incursion into the
neighborhood of his place of residence; and so successful was he in
tracing the route of their retreat, or discovering their haunts ; and
so summary was the vengeance inflicted upon tliem through his
efforts, that he soon became quite celebrated as an Indian scout, and
was acknowledged by the savages as a daring and formidable foe.
He was an ardent patriot, and when the revolution broke out hast-
ened to enter the service of his country. When the British occu-
pied Philadelphia he had command of a troop of rangers, whose
business it was to preveut the Tories of the interior furnishing pro-
visions to their friends in the city. Whilst on duty one time in
New Jersey, he captured a number of Hessians, whom he induced
to locate near Strasburg, and whose descendants are there yet. He
served as major of the sixth battalion of the Cumberland county
troops in the revolutionary army, under command of Col. Samuel
Culbertson of this county, and also as major of a battalion of rifle
rangers, under Colonel James Smith, and was known as a brave
9
GG Historical Sketch of Franklin County
aiul accomplished solilier. He was one of the trusti;es appointed
by the Legislature to build a court house and jail for our county.
He was a member of the House of Representatives from tin-* county
for the years 1784-'8.5, 1785-'SG, 1786-'87, and 1787-'88; and in 1789
was appointed one of tlie Judj^es of our courts, and reappointed
fourth Associate Judf^e, under tlie constitution of 1790, on the 17th
of August, 1791, which position he held until his death, on the 19th
of July, 1809. He was then seventy-two years of age, and lies
buried at the Rocky Spring church.
Another of our ancient wortliios, whose daring adventures have
been pored over by every school boy in the land, was Captain
Samuel Brady, the celebrated Indian scout. He was born at Ship-
pensburg in 1756 or 1758. Though not a native of our county, yet
on our soil many of his earlier days were spent in roaming our hills
and dales.
"He knew each jiatliway through the wood.
Each dell unwarmed by sunshine's gleam ;
Where the brown plieasant led her brood.
Or wild deer came to drink the stream."
The first drum-tap of the revolution called him to arms, and he
commenced his services at Boston, and w^as in most of the principal
engagements of the war. At the battle of Princeton he served under
Colonel Hand, and at the massacre of Paoli he barely escaped cap-
ture. After the battle of Monmouth he was promoted to a captain-
cy and ordered to Fort Pitt to join General Broadhead, with whom
he became a great favorite, and by whom he was almost constantly
em[»loyed in scouting. The murder of his father and brother in
1778-'79, by the Indians, turned the current of his hatred against the
treacherous red man, and it never died out. A more implacable foe
never lived. Day and night, year in and year out, he lived only to
kill the Indians. Being well skilled in all the mysteries of wood-
craft, he followed the trail of his enemies with all the tenacity,
fierceness and silence of a sleuth hound. Most of his exploits took
place in Ohio, north-western Pennsylvania, and western New York.
He was a dread terror to the Indians, and a tower of strength to the
whites. He commanded the advance guard of General Broadhead's
troops in the expedition against the Indians of the upper Allegheny
in the year 1780, and he and his rangers aided greatly in defeating
the savages under Bald Eagle and Corn Planter, at the place now
known as Brady's Bend. Of his famous "leap" of more than
twenty-five feet across the Cuyahoga river, and his other numerous
and daring adventures and hair-breadth escapes, I will not speak.
The books are full of them. He died at West Liberty, West Vir-
ginia, about the year 1800.
Colonel Joseph Armstrong was an early settler in Hamilton town-
ship, in this county. In 1755 he organized a company of rangers for
Historical Sketch of P)-anklin County.
67
the protection of the frontier against the incursions of the Indians.
The names of his subordinate officers are now unl^uown, but the
following is the roll of the men who composed his company.
PRIVATES.
John Armstrong,
Thomas Armstrong,
James Barnet,
John Barnet,
Joshua Barnet,
Thomas Barnet, Sr.,
Thomas Barnet, Jr.,
Samuel Brown,
Samuel Brown,
John Boyd,
Alexander Caldwell,
Robert Ciildwell,
James Dinney,
William Dinney,
Robert Dixson,
*William Dixson,
James Eaton,
John Eaton,
Joshua Eaton,
*James Elder,
George Gallery,
Robert Groin,
James Guthrie,
John Hindman,
Abram Irwin,
Christopher Irwin,
John Irwin,
John Jones,
James M'Caraant, Sr.,
James M'Camant, Jr.,
Charles M'Camant,
James M'Camish,
John M'Camish,
William M'Camish,
Robert M'Connell,
John M'Cord,
WilUam M'Cord,
Jonathan M'Kearney,
John Machan,
James Mitchell,
John Mitchell,
Joshua Mitchell,
William Mitchell,
Jon. Moore,
James Norrice,
John Norrice,
James Patterson,
Joshua Patterson,
William Rankin,
Jon. Rippey,
Barnet Robertson,
Francis Scott,
James Scott,
Patrick Scott,
William Scott,
David Shields,
Matthew Shields, Sr.,
Matthew Shields, Jr.,
Robert Shields, Sr.,
Robert Shields, Jr.,
Jon. Swan,
Joshua Swan,
William Swan,
Charles Stuart,
Daniel Stuart,
John Stuart,
Devard Williams,
Jon. Wilson.
He was a member of the Colonial Assembly in 1756-'57 and '58.
He commanded a company of militia, (most likely the company of
rangers above named) under General Broadhead at the destruction
*Wni. Dixson was the grandfather of Col. W. D. Dixon, of St. Thomas town-
ship, and James Elder was the grandfather of Col. James G. Elder of Cham-
bersburg.
68 lEstorical Sketch of Franklin Count)/.
of the Indian town of Kittanning, on tlie Stli of September, 1756.
Was paymaster of the Colony in the l)uil(lin<xof the great road from
Fort London to Pitt«burg, and in December, 1776, raised a battahon
of troops in the county of Cumberland (the 5th battalion) and
marched with them to the defence of Philadelphia. The following
persons commanded the companies of his battalion, viz. : John An-
drew, Samuel Patton, John M'Connell, William Thompson, (after-
wards a brigadier general), Charles Maclay, James M Kee, Jolin
Martin, John Eea, (afterwards a brigadier general), John ]Murphy,
George INIat thews and John Boggs. This battalion was raised in
Hamilton, Lettorkenny and Lurgan townships, and tradition .says
that they were the flower of the valley, brave, hardy and resolute
Presbyterians, nearly all members of the old Rocky Spring church.
Captain Maclay's comjiany numbered one hundred men, raised in
old Lurgan township, each man over six feet in height. This com-
pany suffered severely in the surprise of Brigadier General John
Lacy's command at "Crooked Billet," in Bucks county, on the
morning of the 4th of May, 1778. Captain Maclay and nearly
one half of his men were killed, and many were wounded. General
Lacy, in his report of the battle, says "that the wounded were
butchered in a manner the most brutal savages could not equal ;
even while living, some were thrown into buckwheat straw, and the
straw set on fire and burnt up." And this report is borne out by the
testimony of persons residing in the vicinity, who saw the partially
consumed bodies in the fire.
Another of these ancient worthies, whom it would be a gross in-
justice not to mention in this connection, was the Rev. John Steele.
He was called to the charge of the Presbyterian churches of East
and West Conococheague, now Greencastle and Mercersburg, about
the year 1751 or 1752. He came to our county at a time when the
country was greatly disturbed by the incursions of the hostile Indi-
ans of the west. Though a man of peace, and engaged in teaching
the doctrines of his Divine Master, yet his heart burned within him
at the sufferings inflicted upon his parishioners and neighbors, and
he speedily organized a company of rangers for their defence, of
which he was unanimously elected the captain, and w^as commis-
sioned by the colonial government. After the disastrous defeat of
General Braddock in 1755, the Indians again swept over the western
and south-western jiart of our county, murdering and iilundering
the settlers, and Mr. Steele's congregations were for a time almost
broken up and dispersed. Frequent mention is made of Mr. Steele
and his men in the history of those troublous times. Rev. D. K.
Richardson, in his Centennial Sermon in relation to the Presbyterian
church of Greencastle, delivered August 15th, 1876, says: "At one
time he was in charge of Fort Allison, located just west of town,
near what afterwards became the site of M'Cauley's Mill. The con-
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 69
gregation had assembled in a barn standing on the farm now owned
by Adam B. Wingerd, Esq. They brought their arms with them.
When Mr. Steele entered the rude pulpit which had been erected, he
hung his hat and rifle behind him. The male members of the con-
gregation sat listening to the gospel message with their arms at their
side. While in the midst of his discourse, some one appeared and
quietly called a member of the congregation out, and told him of
the murder of a family of the name of Walker, by the Indians, at
what is now known as Rankin's Mill. The awful story was soon
whispered from one to another. As soon as Mr. Steele discovered
what had taken place he brought the services to a close, took, down
his hat and rifle, and, at the head of the members of his congrega-
tion, went in pursuit of the murderers."
His "meeting-house," on the West Conococheague, was turned
into a fort, was stockaded for defence, and often was the refuge of
the neighboring people when the country was invaded by the In-
dians. It was afterwards burned by the savages ia one of their
forays.
About the year 1763 or 1764, Mr. Steele took charge of the Presby-
terian congregations of Carlisle and lower Pennsborough, where he
spent the remainder of his days. When the revolutionary war
broke out the people of this valley responded to the call of their
country with zeal and unanimity. Eleven companies were raised in
Cumberland county in a few days. Hon. George Chambers, in his
tribute to the early Scotch-Irish settlers, says: "The company in
the lead in July, 1776, from Carlisle, was that under the command
of the Reverend Captain John Steele, pastor of the Presbyterian
congregation worshipping in or near Carlisle. In the Indian wars
he had acquired military training and experience, which were now
at the service of his country against the army of his late, but now
rejected, royal master."
One of the most prominent of the military families of our county
in those early days was the "Johnstons," of Antrim township.
James Johnston, senior, settled about two and one-half miles east of
Greencastle, near where Shady Grove now is, about 1735. He died
about 1765, leaving a large estate and four sons and several daughters.
Colonel James Johnston, the eldest son, was a soldier in the revolu-
tion, and commanded a battalion from this county at various points
in New Jersey. He died about the year 1814. Colonel Thomas John-
ston, the second son, was adjutant of the detachment of troops under
General Wayne which was surprised and slaughtered by the British
at Paoli, September 20th, 1777. He twice served as colonel in the
revolutionary war. He died about the year 1819.
Dr. Robert Johnston, of Antrim township, the third son, was ap-
pointed surgeon to Colonel William Irvine's battalion, from this
county, on the 16th January, 1776, and served his country in that
70 Ulstorinal Sketch of Franklin Counti/.
capacity (Iirouijliout the whole war of the revolution. Tie was
present, as iiospit.tl smxeon in tlie soutliern (iepartinent, at tiie sur-
render of the Hritisii army under Lord Cornwaliis, at Yorktown,
Virginia, in October, 1781, and in ITiH) was appointed collector of
excise for Franklin county. He wan also subsecjuently appointed
by President Jefferson, with whom he was very familiar, United
States revenue collector for western Peniisylvania. His acquaint-
ance with the leading officers and men of tlie revolution was very
large, and many of them were wont to spend much of their time at
his hosjiitable residence, about two and a half miles south of Green-
castle. Tradition says that President Washington stopped there
and dined with the family when going westward to inspect the Ma-
ryland and Virginia troops called out to aid in suppressing the
whisky insurrection of 1794. Lieutenant General Wintield Scott
was also, in his youthful days, a visitor at "Johnston's," as well as
many others of his compatriots, and of the literati of those times.
Robert Johnston made a visit to China about the commencement
of the present century, and brought back many rare curiobities from
that fjir distant country. He died about the yt-ar 1808.
John Johnston, the youngest son, at the age of twenty years,
raiseil a troop of horse and marched them to Lancaster, but their
services not being needed, they returned home. He subsequently
removed to Westmoreland county, where he died, about the year 182o
Another of our native-born military men of "ye olden time," and
one whose patriotism, zeal and braverj' did honor to the place of
his nativity, was Brigadier General James Chambers. He was the
eldest son of Colonel Benjamin Chambers, tin- founder of Cham-
bersburg, and in .Tune, 1775, marched, as the captain of a company
of riflemen raised in Chambersburg and vicinity, to the siege of
Boston. The battle of Bunker Hill was fought June 17th, 1775, and
Dr. Egle, in his recent history of Pennsylvania, says : "W^ithin ten
days after the news of the battle of Bunker's Hill reached the Pro-
vince of Pennsylvania, her first rifle regiment was officered and
completed, many of the companies numbering one hundred men.
It was commanded by Colonel William Thompson, of Cumberland
county, whom Lossing, by mistake, credits to Virginia. The com-
panies were severally under the command of Captains James Cham-
bers, Robert Cluggage, Michael Doudel, "William Hendricks, John
Lowilen, James Ross, Matthew Smith and George Nagel. The reg-
iment, upon its organization, at once marched to the relief of Bos-
ton, where they arrived about the last of July. They were the first
companies south of the Hudson to arrive in Massachusetts, and
naturally excited much attention. They were stout and hardy
yoemanry, the flower of Pennsylvania's frontiersmen, and, accord-
ing to Thatcher, " remarkable for the accuracy of their aim." This
command became, in January, 1776, t\\e first regiment of the army
JSistorical S/cetch of Franklin County. 71
o/ the United Colonies, commanded by General George Washington.^''
Two companies of this battalion, Captains Smith and Hendricks,
were subsequently ordered to accomijany General Arnold in his
unsuccessful expedition to Quebec. Their term of service was for
one year.
This regiment was enlisted under a resolution of Congress, dated
June 14th, 1775, authorizing the raising of six companies of expert
riflemen in Pennsylvania, ten in Maryland and two in Virginia, to
join the army at Boston. "Each company to contain one captain,
three lieutenants, four sergeants, one corporal, one drummer and
sixty-eight privates. The commissions of the officers bear date 25th
June, 1775.
The companies rendezvouzed at Reading, where the regiment was
organized by the election of Wm. Thompson, of Carlisle, colonel,
Edward Hand, of Lancaster, lieutenant colonel, and Robert Magaw,
of Carlisle, major. It marched at once to Boston by way of Easton,
through northern New Jersey, crossing the Hudson river at New
Windsor, a few miles north of West Point, and arrived in camp at
Cambridge, according to the latest authorities, in the beginning of
August, 1775. At this time the regiment had three field officers,
nine captains, twenty-seven lieutenants, one adjutant, one quar-
termaster, one surgeon, one surgeon's mate, twenty-nine sergeants,
thirteen drummers and seven hundred and thirteen rank and file fit
for duty.
Captain Chambers' company was the only one in the regiment,
so far as I know, that was raised within the bounds of our present
county. I therefore was very anxious to get a complete roll of it,
believing that our people would be pleased to have a knowledge of
the names of the first patriot soldiers who left our county to battle
for the independence of the United Colonies. For a long time I
searched in vain for this roll, at Harrisburg, at Philadelphia, and at
Washington city, and I feared I would not succeed in getting it.
But recently the rolls of the regiment were found among the papers
of Colonel Hand, of Lancaster county, who succeeded to the com-
mand of the regiment upon the capture of Colonel Thompson, and
through the kindness of Hon. John B. Linn, Deputy Secretary of
the Commonwealth, I am able to give the complete roll of Captain
Chambers' company. It is as follows, viz. :
ROLL OF CAPTAIN CHAMBERS' COMPAJSTY.
James Chambers, Captain, Arthur Andrews, Sergeant,
James Grier, 1st Lieut.. Alex. Crawford, Sergeant,
Nathan M'Connell, 2d Lieut., David Boyd,
Thos. Buchanan, 3d Lieut., John Brandon,
David Hay, Sergeant, Johnson Brooks,
72
IHslorical Slcclch of FrankUn Count)/.
Jsiiuos Bf; ck,
Tlioniaa P-?atty,
David Biddle,
Michael Benker,
Archibald Bro\vi»,
lilack Brown,
John Brown,
Wm. Burnett,
Timothj' Campbell,
\Vm. Campbell,
Benj. Carson,
Wm. Chestney,
John Derniont,
Joseph Eaton,
John PZverly,
Abijah Fairchild,
James Furmoil,
John Fidd,
Wm. Gildersleeve,
Richard Henney,
Peter Hogan,
George Houseman,
John Hutchinson,
Thomas Hutchinson,
Charles Irwin,
Francis Jamieson,
Rob't Joblier,
Andrew Johnston,
George Justice,
Andrew Kieth,
Lewis Kettleng,
Michael Kelly,
Thomas Kelly,
Silas Leonard,
David Lukens,
Thos. Lochry,
Patrick Logan,
Nicholas L<j\vrie,
John Lynch,
John M'Cosh,
James M'Eleve,
John ISr Donald,
Michael M'Gibson,
Cornelius M'Giggan,
Jas. M'Haftey,
John M'Murtrie,
Patrick M'Gaw,
Thomas Mason,
Patrick Xeale,
Wm. Parker,
David Riddle,
Thomas Rogers,
Nicholas Sawyer,
Jose])h Scott,
Jacob Shute,
Moses Skinner,
Timothy Stiles,
Patrick Sullivan,
James Sweeney,
James Symns,
Thomas Vaughn.
On the 2Gth of August, 1775, Captain Chambers commanded a de-
tachment of four hundred men, drawn from the Cumberland county
companies, sent out to Prospect Hill and Ploughed Hill, near Bos-
ton, to protect a force of about two thousand men who were erect-
ing a redoubt upon the latter hill. On the 7th of March, 1776, he
was promoted to the lieutenant colonelcy of his regiment, vice Lieu-
tenant Colonel Hand, appointed Colonel in the place of Colonel
Thompson, who had been commissioned a Brigadier General on the
first of the month. He was soon after ordered to Long Island, in the
vicinity of New York. He was in the battle of Flatbush, on the
22d of August, 1776, and also in that at King's Bridge. In his re-
port of the operations at Flatbush he says that "Captain John Steele
acted with great bravery." On the 30th of August, 1776, the Penn-
sylvania troops were selected as a corps-de-reserve to cover the rear
Jli'storical Sketch of Iranklin Couniy. '' 73
of the patriot army in their retreat from Loi^g Islaud. That body
was composed of Colonel Hand's regiment, of which Chambers was
Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel Hazens', Colonel Shea's and Colonel
Hazlett's regiments. On the 26th of September, 1776, Mr. Chambers
was commissioned colonel of his regiment, in place of Colonel Hand,
appointed brigadier general. In June, 1777, he was in' New Jersey,
and was one of the first officers to enter New Brunswick with liis
command and drive the enemy out. On the 11th of September,
1777, his command was opposed to the Hessians under General
Knyphausen at Chadd's Ford and Brandywine, where he was woun-
ded in the side, together with two of his captains, Greer and Craig,
and Lieutenant Holliday, also of his regiment, was killed. He was
also in the battle of Germantown, October 4th, 1777 ; and in that of
Monmouth, June 28th, 1778 ; he led the attack at the battle of Bergen
Point, July 20th, 1780, and his regiment was complimented for their
bravery by General Wayne, in general orders, on the 23d of the
same month. He was at White Plains, West Point and other points,
in active service, up to the time of his resignation, in 1781. Having
seen more than six years constant service, he needed rest. After his
retirement he was three different times appointed to the command
of a battalion in his native county. In 1794 he was appointed to
the command of the third brigade of the Pennsylvania troops called
out to quell the whisky insurrection, and in 1798 was again ap-
pointed to a similar command in the Pennsylvania troops called out
in anticipation of a war with France.
He was the second Justice of the Peace and Judge of our county
courts, appointed September 17th, 1784, and served until the consti-
tution of 1790 went into force in 1791. He was also a member of the
"Society of the Cincinnati," instituted by the officers of the Ameri-
can army. He died at Loudon Forge, his place of residence, April
25th, 1805, and was buried with military honors in the resting
place consecrated by his father, the cemetery of the Falling Spring
church at Chambersburg.
I have found it extremely difficult to make up a connected, reliable,
or satisfactory history of the military organizations that originated
in our county during the revolutionary struggle, or of the officers
and men connected with them. Their terms of service, at first,
were generally very short, ranging from six months to a year, and
the changes in their regimental organizations, because of deaths,
desertions, sickness, promotions and expiration of service, were so
frequent that it has been impossible, with my limited sources of in-
formation, to trace the history of any particular company or regi-
ment for any great length of time, in a satisfactory manner. It
would be foreign to my purpose to notice the whole early military
operations of the Province of Pennsylvania, and yet it is necessary
that I shall briefly refer to some part of them in order to understand
74 IFiatoric.ftl Sketch of Fninh-Hn Count//.
tlmt whic'li 1 wish to elucidate, to wit: the carli/ militari/ history of
that section of country noiu forming Franklin county.
The first battalion, or regiment, tiiat went out of Cumberland
county was formed in June, 177o, as already stated, and was com-
manded by Colonel William Thomjjson, of Carlisle. Colonel
Thompson was born in Ireland, emifjrated to America and settled
near Carlisle, and there followed his profession of a surveyor. Prior
to the revolution he served in tlie war between England and France,
and in the Imiian wars. He was a commissioned officer in the In-
dian expedition that destroyed Kittanning in 17-5(3, and was captain
of a troop of light horse in 1758. In 1774 he commanded a company
of rangers in Westmoreland county. He was commissioned colonel
of the first battalion of Pennsylvania militia 2oth June, 1775, and
brigadier general ISIarch 1st, 1776. As has been heretofore stated,
his regiment reached the patriot camp at Cambridge, near Boston,
August 18th, 177;). Thatcher, in his military journal, says of these
men: "Several companies of riflemen, amounting, it is said, to
more than fourteen hundred men, have arrived here from Pennsyl-
vania and Marylan«i, a distance of from five hundred to seven hun-
dred miles. They are remarkably stout and hardy men, many of
them exceeding six feet in height. They are dressed in white
frocks or rifle shirts, and round hats. These men are remarkable
for the accuracy of their aim, striking a mark with great certainty
at two hundred yards distance. At a review a company of them,
while on a quick advance, flred their balls into objects of seven
inches diameter, at a distance of two hundred and fifty yards. They
are now stationed on our out lines, and their shot have frequently
proved fatal to British oflflcers and soldiers who exposed themselves
to view, even at more than double the distance of a common mus-
ket shot." General Thompson was ordered to Canada in April, 1776,
and was captured by the British at "Three Rivers" on the 4th of
July of that year. He was paroled and allowed to return to his
family in 1777, but was not regularly exchanged until the 25th of
October, 1780.
Sir Henry Clinton, the commander-in-chief of the British forces,
then released General Thompson, Colonel Magaw and Lieutenant
Laurens, prisoners in his possession, in exchange for Major General
De Reidesel, of the Brunswick troops, a prisoner in our possession.
He died on his farm near Carlisle, September 3d, 1781, aged forty-
five years, and was buried in the grave-yard at Carlisle.
Robert Magaw, of Carlisle, was major of this battalion, his brother
Wm. Magaw, of Mercersburg, surgeon, and Rev. Samuel Blair
chaplain.
As everything connected with the history of this regiment, the
first that left the Cumberland Valley, must undoubtedly be of great
interest to our people, I here insert an article from the pen of Hon.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 75
John B. Linn, Deputy Secretary of the Commonwealth, published
in the '■'■Philadelphia. Weekly Times''^ of the 14th of April, 1877.
THE FLAG OF THE FIRST PENNSYLVANIA REGIMENT — 1775-1783.
"The Historical Society of Pennsylvania has in its temporary pos-
session a very interesting relic of the revolution. Itis the standard
of the First Pennsylvania Ritle Battalion, Colonel Wm. Thompson,
of Carlisle, which was raised upon the reception of the news
of the battle of Bunker Hill, and entered the trenches in front
of Boston on the 8th of August, 1775. It was in all the skirmishes
in front of Boston, and before the British ev^acuated that city it was
ordered to New York to repel their landing there. Colonel Thomp-
son was promoted brigadier on the 1st of March, 1776, and Lieuten-
ant Colonel Hand, of Lancaster, succeeded him. The term of the
battalion expired on the 30th of June, 1776, but officers and men in
large numbers re-enlisted for three years or during the war, under
Colonel Hand, and the battalion became the First Regiment of the
Continental line. It was at Long Island, White Plains, Trenton
and Princeton, under Hand. On the 1st of April, 1777, Hand was
promoted brigadier, and Lieutenant Colonel James Chambers, of
Chambersburg, became Colonel. Under him the regiment fought at
Brandywine, German town, Monmouth and in every other battleand
skirmish of the main army until he retired the service, January 1st,
1781.
Colonel Chambers was succeeded by Colonel Daniel Broadhead,
and on the 26th of May, 1781, tlie First regiment left York, Pa., with
five others, into which the line was consolidated, under the com-
mand of General Wayne, joined Lafayette at Raccoon Ford on the
Rappahannock on the 10th of June ; fought at Green Springs ou
the 6th of July; opened the second parallel at Yorktown, which
General Steuben, in his division orders of 21st of October, says "he
considers as the most important part of the siege." After the sur-
render the regiment went southward with Wayne, fought the last
battle of tlie war at Sharon, Georgia, May 24, 1782, entered Savannah
in triumph on the 11th of July, Charleston on the 14th of December,
1782 ; was in camp on James Island, South Carolina, on the 11th of
May, 1783, and only when the news of the cessation of hostilities
reached that point was embarked for Philadelphia. In its services
it traversed every one of the original thirteen States of the Union ;
for wliile in front of Boston, October 30th, 1775, Captain Parr was
ordered with a detachment of this battalion up to Portsmouth,
New Hampshire, to defend that point. I noticed this standard on
exhibition at the Museum during the Centennial, but supposed
it "the banner with a strange device" of some revolutionary militia
battalion. I identified it the other day at the rooms of the Histori-
7G Historical Sketch of Fran/din Count}/.
cal Society from a description eoiitained in a letter from Lieulenant
Colonel Hand to Jasper Yeates, in possession of General Hand's
granddaughter, Mrs. S. li. Rogers, of Lancaster. It is dated :
"Prospkct Hill, 8 March, 1776.— I am stationed at Cobble Hill
with four companies of our regiment. Two companies, Cluggage's
and Chambers' were ordered to Dorchester on Monday ; Ross' and
Lowdon's relieved them yesterday. Every regiment is to have a
standard and colors. Oir standard is to be a deep green ground, the
device a tiger partly enclosed by toils, attempting the pass defended
bj' a hunter armed with a spear, in white on crim.son tield ; the
motto 'Domari Nolo.' "
The i^resent owner of tlie standard, I am told, is Thomas Robin-
son, Esq., grandson of Lieutenant Colonel Tliomas Robinson. The
latter, it appears by our records, entered the service January 5, 1776,
as captain in Colonel Wayne's Fourth Pennsylvania (one year)
battalion, served the campaign in Canada and was j>romoted June
7, 1777, lieutenant colonel of the First Pennsylvania Continental
Line. He served until the close of the war and was mustered out
of service in 1783 as lieutenant colonel of the Second Pennsylvania.
He became custodian of the standard, because Colonel Broadhead
did not accompany the regiment South and Colonel Robinson wa.s
in actual command when the war closed.
Ilarrisburg, April Gfh, 1877. John B. Linn."
In the early part of December, 1775, the second Pennsylvania bat-
talion was formed. It was first under the command of Colonel
John Bull, and subsequently under that of Colonel John Philip
DeHaas.
In the latter part of the year Congress called for four more battal-
ions, which were fully organized in January and February', 1776.
They were commanded as follows :
The second by Colonel Arthur St. Clair.
The third by Colonel John Shee.
The fourth by Colonel Anthony Wayne.
The fifth by Colonel Robert Magaw.
The sixth by Colonel William Irvine.
With the regiments of Colonels St. Clair, Shee and Wayne, the
people of this valley had no connection. They were raised in other
sections of the State.
Colonel Magaw's regiment was made up of companies from what
is now Cumberland county, and from adjoining counties. There
were none from the territory now embraced in our county,' that I
have been able to hear of. Colonel Magaw and his M'hole command
were captured by the British at Fort Washington, Long Island, on
the 16th of November, 1776, and was paroled, but not exchanged
until the 2r)th of October, 1780. He died at Carlisle January 7th,
1790.
IRstorical Sketch of Franklin County. 77
Colonel William Irvine was born at Fermagh, Ireland, ou the ^ n
8d of November, 1741. He was educated at the University of Dub- ^..^
lin, studied medicine and was a surgeon in the British navy, in 17^,- '^
In 1763 he settled at ^arlisle in the pursuit of his profession. "Tie ^^ ^ ^^
wa^ a delegate from Cumberland county in the Provincial Confer- I •:
ence which met at Philadelphia on the 15th of July, 1774, and recom-
mended a general congress of the Colon'es. On the 9th of January,
1776, he was appointed colonel of the sixth regiment of Pennsyl-
vania troops. On the 8th of June, 1776, he was captured at the bat-
tle of "Three Rivers," Canada. On the 3d of August, 1776, he was
released on parole, but was not exchanged until the 6th of May,
1778. The sa^me year he was appointed Colonel of the second Penn-
sylvania regiment. May 12th, 1779, was appointed a brigadier gen-
eral and served under General Wayne during that and the following
year. In 1781 he was stationed at Fort Pitt, in command of the
north-western frontier. In 1784 he was a member of the Council of
Censors. In 1785 he was the agent of the State looking after her
publiclands, and recommended the purchase of the "Triangle," thus
giving Pennsylvania an outlet upon Lake Erie. In 1786-'88 he was
a member of Congress, and of the State Constitutional Convention
in 1790. In 1794 Governor Mifflin appointed him and Chief Justice
M'Kean, commissioners to reason with the leaders of the whisky
insurrection. He also served in Congress from 1793 to 1795; was
president of the "Pennsylvania Society of the Cincinnati," and died
at Philadelphia on the 29th of July, 1804.
Colonel Irvine's regiment was composed of eight companies,
numbering six hundred and seventy-nine officers and men, viz. :
Company one, Cai3tain Samuel Hay, Officers and 92 men.
two,
' ' Robert Adams
93
three,
" Abraham Smith,
99
four,
*' William Rippey,
94
five,
" Jas. A. Wilson,
86
six,
" David Grier,
81
seven,
" Moses M'Lean,
65
eight.
" Jeremiah Talbott,
69
The regimental organization was as follows, viz :
Colonel, Wm. Irvine, commissioned January 9th, 1776.
Lieut. Colonel, Thomas Hartley, " " " "
Major, James Dunlop, " " " "
Adjutant, John Brooks, " " " "
Surgeon, Robert Johnston, , " " " "
Surgeon's Mate, John M'Dowell, '/
Quartermaster, James Calderwood.
" Wm. Nichols.
" Robert Hoops.
78 Historical Sketch of Franklin Count}/.
But three of theso ennipanics, viz: Abraham Smith's, Wilh'am
Rippey's aiKlJtMViiiiah Tallmtt's, are claimed to have been from that
section of country now embraced in FrankUn county.
Captain Abraliam Smitli, it is said, resided in Lurgan township,
Cumberland county, just north of the present boundary line of our
county. He owned a considerable tract of Ian<i there, none of M'hich
however, was ever taxed in our county, according- to the assess l>ook9
in the Commissioners' office. The people of that section of the
county point with pride to his mtilitury record, and claim him as
having gone out from among them. He and his company were
with Colonel Irvine's regiment throughout its varied service in the
war of the revolution. Nothing can be determined from the names
of the men com|)osing his comjrany, as to where they were from,
for an examination of the roll shows that the names upon it are the
same as those of residents of other parts of the county than Lurgan
township.
On the 5th of July, 1777, an Abraham Smith, of Cumberland
county, was elected Colonel oi the 8th battalion of the militia of that
county, and it is claimed that he was from Lurgan township. How
the fact was, I have not been able to determine. That there were
two Colonel Abraham Smiths in Cumberland county, is most likely,
one the military man, the other the civilian. Former writers have
generally, though mistakenly, I think, confounded Abraham Smith
of Lurgan^ with Abraham Smith of Antrim, and given to the for-
mer the honor and credit of having filled the offices undoubtedly
held by the latter.
The following are names of the officers and men of Captain Abra-
ham Smith's company, in Colonel Irvine's regiment:
COMPANY NO. 3, OF IRVINE'S REGIMENT.
Captain, Abraham Smith; commissioned January 9th, 1776.
First Lieutenant, Robert White; commissioned January 9th, 1776;
resigned February 9th, 1776.
Second Lieutenant, John Alexander; promoted February 10th, 1776.
Second Lieutenant, Andrew Irvine; commissioned Feb. 9th, 1776.
Ensign, Samuel Montgomery ; promoted June 1st, 1776.
Ensign, Samuel Kennedy ; commissioned June 1st, 1776.
SERGEANTS.
John Beatty, William Scott,
Samuel Hamilton, William Burk.
Hugh Foster,
CORPORALS.
William Burk, Seth Richey,
George Standley, William M'Cormick,
John Moore, " William Drennon.
William Campbell,
John Fannou, Drummer. William Cochran, Fifer.
JUslorical SJcelch of Franklin County.
PRIVATES.
79
David Armor,
John Brown,
Patrick Brown,
John Blakeley,
John Brannon,
Philip Boyle,
Josiah Cochran,
Bobert Craighead,
Anthony Creevy,
William Cochran,
James Dunlap,
Thomas Drennon,
William Downey,
Hugh Drennon,
Daniel Divinney,
Pat. Flemming,
William Gwin,
Alex. Gordon,
Robert Gregg,
Thomas Higgins,
James HoUiday,
Thomas Holmes,
John Hendricks,
Benj. Ishmail,
Robert Jarrett,
Thomas Johnson,
Samuel Love,
George Lucas,
Nicholas Little,
James Lowrey,
Daniel M'Kissoek,
John M'Collam,
William M'Cormick,
Michael M'Garra,
Bryan M'Laughlin,
John M'Fetridge,
Michael M'Mullin,
James M'Kissoek,
Adam M'Breas,
John M'Dowell,
Samuel M'Brea,
Robert M'llno,
Alex. M'Kenny,
John M'Kiugham,
John Montgomery,
Alex. Moor,
Robert Miller,
Hugh Milligan,
Moses Powell,
Nath. Points,
John Rannell,
Seth Richey,
Patrick Rogers,
John Rannell, Jr.,
Peter Runey,
Alex. Reid,
Barthol Roharty,
Thomas Smith,
Patrick Silvers,
Thomas Scott,
George Simpson,
Robert Swinie,
John Stoops.
Ad. Sheaver,
William Stitt,
Peter Sheran,
Charles Tipper,
John Todd,
Mich. White,
James White,
John Wilson,
John Young.
Ninety-three oflaeers and men.
In November, 1777, this company was under Captain Samuel
Montgomery, and numbered but forty-three men— oflQcers and pri-
vates—the men being captured, or killed, or incorporated into other
companies. I find the names of many of the men in Captain John
Alexander's company.
80 Historical Sketch of Franklin Countif.
COMPANY 4, CAPTAI>f WILMAM KII'PKY.
Captain Rippey resided in Shippensburfr, but the most of the men
composinf? liis company were from tlie atijoinin<? townsliip of Lur-
gan, now in Fraul<lin county. Colonel Irvine's regiment, ihesixth,
with the first under Colonel J. P. DeHaas, the second under Colonel
Arthur 8t. Clair, and the fourth under Colonel Anthony Wayne,
were formed into a brigade in the suinnierof 1770, and sent to Can-
ada under General Sullivan. On the 21st of July, 1776, many of
Sullivan's command were captured at the Isle Au Noix. Among
them was Captain Rippey, but he was so fortunate as to escape.
Colonel Irvine was captured at Three Rivers, Canada, on
the 8th of June, 1776, when the command of the regiment devolved
upon Lieutenant Colonel Thos. Hartley, who, after the disaster at the
Isle Au Noix, fell back to Crown Point and Ticonderoga, and win-
tered there. These battalions were enlisted for one year from .Janu-
ary 1st, 1776, and at the expiration of tlieir terms of terviee, nearlj'
all of the men re-enlisted in new regiments for three yearsor during
the war. In the month of March, 1777, Irvine's regiment re-en-
tered the service as the seventh regiment of the Pennsylvania line,
under Lieutenant Colonel David Greer, its original commander.
Colonel Irvine then being a prisoner of war. After the close of the
war Captain Rippey lived at the Branch Hotel in Shippensburg,
where he died September 22d, 1S19, aged seventy-eight years.
The following are the names of the oflBcersand men of his com-
pany :
COMPANY NO. 4, OF IRVINE'S REGIMENT.
Captain, William Rippey; commissioned January 9, 1776.
First Lieutenant, Wm. Alexander; commissioned January 9th,
1776. Promoted to Captain June 1st, 1776.
First Lieutenant, Alexander Parker ; commissioned June 1st, 1776.
Second Lieutenant, John Brooks.
Ensign, Wm. Lusk.
SERGEANTS.
John Hughes, John M'Clelland,
Robert Watt, William Anderson.
CORPORALS.
William Gibbs, George Gordon,
Jeremiah M'Kibben, Nath. Stevenson,
James M'Culloh,
Daniel Peterson, Drummer, Wm. Richards, Fifer.
>. -Jet-
WAYNESBORO STEAM ENl
WAYNES f^
yE ^^^ BOfLER WORKS.
'O, PA
J^a^e^^/
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
81
PRIVATES.
Jacob Anderson,
Robert Barckley,
Barnerd Burns.
Robert Caskey,
Henry Cartwright,
Robert Cortney,
Jacob Cbristyardinger,
Benjamin Cochran,
Hugh Call,
John Collins,
William Dougherty,
John Davison,
Joseph Divine,
Anthony Dawson,
Thomas Dycke,
James Finerty,
Hugh Forsyth,
Hugh Ferguson,
Thomas Falls,
William Gorge,
Henry Girden,
Thomas Gell,
Jacob Glouse,
Nathan Hemphill,
Robert Haslet,
John Hendry,
William Henderson,
James Hervey,
Cumberland Hamilton,
Neal Hardon,
George Hewitt,
Jacob Justice,
Robert Irvine,
John Johnston,
Christopher Kechler,
Francis Kain,
John Kelly,
William Lowry,
Daniel Lavery,
David Linsey,
James Lynch,
Josiah M'Call,
John M'Michael,
James M'Comb,
William M' In tire,
John Moor,
James Mullin,
Thomas M'Call,
Philip Melon,
Alexander M'Nichols,
James M'Coy,
James M'Con,
David M'Clain,
John M'Donell,
Daniel M'Clain,
John M'Gaw,
Charles Malone,
George M'Ferson,
William Nicholson,
John Ortman,
John O'Neal,
Thomas Pratt,
Thomas Parsons,
Aaron Patterson,
Charles Rosbrough,
John Rosbrough,
John Rogers,
Thomas Reed,
Robert Robeson,
Basil Regan,
John Stoner,
Henry Scott,
Alexander Stephenson,
Nath. Stephenson,
James Smiley,
William Thompson,
John Tribele,
Jacob Trash,
John Van Kirk,
William Winn,
John Wright,
Peter Young.
John Madden,
Ninety-nine officers and privates.
Many of these men, in November, 1777, were incorporated in
Captain Alexander Parker's company.
11
82 ITistoricnl Sketch of Franklin Connti/.
COMPANY NO. 8, CAPTAIN JKUKMIAir TALROTT.
Thif« conipiuiy was recruited in Chambersbur!^ and its vioinity, by
Captain Talbott. He was a native of Talbott county, Maryland,
and removed to Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, before the com-
mencement of the revolutionary struRfjjle, and settled at Chambers-
burg. On the 2oth of September, 1777, Captain Talbott was appointed
major of the sixth battalion of the Pennsylvania troops, and served
in that position until the proclamation of ponce. In March or April,
1777, ISIajor Tall)ott was assi<j;ned to the recruitinjj service, and such
was his popularity tiiat in a few weeks he enliste<l sixty men in
Chambersburg and its vicinity, paying a bounty of twenty dollars
to each recruit.
After the close of the war, upon the formation of our county,
Major Talbott was, at the first, election for county officers, held Octo-
ber, 17S4, elected Sheriff" of the county, and M-as re-elected in 1785
and in 178(5. On the od December, 1787, he was appointed Lieuten-
ant of the county, and served until 1790. Sherifl" Talbott owned the
brewery on the bank of the Conococheague creek now carried on
by Charles Ludwig. He also owned two lots of ground on West
Queen street— one improved, the other unimproved. His dwelling
house was on the site of that now owned and occupied by Judge
John Huber. It was of stone, and part of the western wall is still
standing, having been used in the erection of the present dwelling.
In addition to this property, Sheriff Talbott owned a tract of one
hundred acres of land in Hamilton township, and had one horse,
three cows and one female negro servant. The tax lists for 178G-1788,
and 1789, show that he then resided in Chaml)ersburg, as he was
taxed there during those years for all the foregoing property, except
the one hundred acres of land. About 1789 Sheriflf Talbott became
pecuniarily involved, and on the 16th of December, 1789, Sheriff
John Johnston, his successor, sold his Hamilton township farm,
and the 17th of June, 1790, sold his Chambersburg property. He
died on the 19th of January, 1791, and was buried in the Presbyte-
rian grave-yard at Chambersburg. After his death his widow and
children removed to the vicinity of Mercersburg, but he never re-
sided there, nor at Greencastle.
The following are the rolls of his company at three different
periods :
COMPANY NO. 8, OF IRVINE'S REGIMENT.
Captain, Jeremiah Talbott; commissioned January 9tb, 1776.
First Lieutenant, John M'Donald; " " "
Second Lieutenant, Alex. Brown; " " "
Ensign, William Graham; " " "
Historical Sketch of FranJdin County.
83
SERGEANTS.
John M'Collam,
John Wilson,
James Ciippels,
Samuel Mitchell.
CORPORALS.
"William Campbell,
Robert Hunter,
John Milton, Drummer.
John Chain,
John Reuiston.
John Killin, Fifer.
PRIVATES.
Robert Asten,
John Bradley,
William Black,
John Church,
George Coghren,
Francis Clark,
Robert Carnahan,
Charles Conna,
John Campbell,
Joseph Chambers,
John Dinning,
William Evans,
John Faulkner,
Hugh Fairess,
James Gardner,
Daniel Gibson,
William Heaslett,
John Heatherington,
Duke Handlon,
John Higgens,
Kern Kelley,
Stephen Lyon,
Jacob Lewis,
Hugh Lilley,
John Marten,
Robert Mollon,
Benj. Morison,
Charles M'Roun,
Archibald M' Donald,
Matthew M'Connell,
Thomas M'Creary,
Lawrence M'Creary,
Charles M' Mullen,
Thomas Mitchell,
Charles Marry,
Patrick Marray,
Able Morgan,
Archibald Nickel,
Andrew Pinkerton,
Samuel Power,
John Pollock,
James Quarre,
William Shaw,
Mike Sesalo,
John Shoemaker,
James Sloan,
John Totton,
John Thompson,
Hugh Thompson,
William White,
John White,
John Welch,
Robert Watson,
Isaac Wiley.
James M'Farlan,
Commissioned and non-commissioned olHcers and privates, 69.
In January, 1776, Captain Talbott's company numbered sixty-nine
officers and men. By April, 1777, it was so much reduced that it
required sixty men to bring it up to the regulation standard. The
following are the names of the men then added to the company,
viz. :
84
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
John M'Cullum,
John Foster,
John Wilison,
Rol)ort Hunter,
William Gihbs,
Thomas Whitely,
Hun;h Thomson,
William Foster,
Phelix O'Neal,
John Crowl,
John Fulerton,
Patt. Boyle,
Thomas .Sherry,
John Cavenaugh,
Robert Burns,
Andrew M'Gahey,
William M'Calley,
Isaac Shackey
Christopher Row,
Francis O'Harrah,
Thomas Dunn,
Daniel M'Cartey,
Barney M'Gillegan,
John Fergison,
Michael Black,
John Brown,
Gilbert Berryhill,
Hugh Casserty,
Charles Conner,
George Corohan,
Edward Hart,
The following is the company's
1777:
Jeremiah Talbott, Captain,
Andrew Irvine, Lieutenant,
Joseph Torrence, "
John M'Cullam, Ensign,
William Gibbs, Sergeant,
John Shoemaker,
James Garlant,
James T^oe,
Jacob Weaver,
Conrad Carcass,
Patrick Murrey,
John Kellenough,
John Johnson,
Charles Kelly,
John M'Kinley,
Michael Sitsler,
John Smith,
Peter Smith,
Joseph West,
Patrick Guinn,
Patrick M'Cullum,
Michael Danfee,
William Campbell,
John Feaghander,
John Robinson,
Peter M'Kinley,
John Smith, (tanner),
Thomas Aston,
William M'Donald,
Patrick Doyle,
James Ralls,
Henry Vaughan,
John Milton,
Michael Brown,
William Autrican.
roll as it stood November 30th,
Robert Hunter, Sergeant,
Thomas Whiteley, "
Hugh Thompson, "
John Smith, Corporal.
PBIVATES.
Jacob Weaver,
Francis O'Hara,
Charles Conner,
William Foster,
Daniel M'Carty,
Patrick Marry,
Felix O'Neal,
Charles Kelley,
James Rawls,
George Coghran,
Hlslorical Sketch of Franhlin County. 85
Jos. West, James Lee,
Hugh Cassady, John Johnson,
John M'Kinly, Andrew M'Grahy,
Michael Pitzler, Edward Hart,
Patt. Boyle, John Carray.
Nine offieei's and twenty men; total, twenty-nine.
In the early part of 1776 three new battalions were organized,
commanded respectively by Colonels Samuel Miles, Samuel J. Atlee
and Daniel Broadhead, and they were marched to Long Island
with the battalions of Colonels Shea, Magaw and Cadwallader.
By the 16th of August, 1776, thirteen companies of men, fully
officered and equipped, had left Cumberland county for the seat of
war, and six other companies were preparing to go. Of these the
companies of James M'Connell, William Huston, Robert Culbert-
son and Conrad Schneider were from the territory now Franklin
county. I have not been able to find their company rolls, nor any
record of their actions during the war.
On the 16th of November, 1776, Fort Washington was captured by
the British, and over twenty-three hundred Pennsylvania troops,
commanded by Colonels Magaw, Cadwallader, Atlee, Swope, Watts,
and Montgomery were taken prisoners. Among them was John
Crawford, of our county, a brother of Edward Crawford, Esq., our
first Prothonotary. On the 19th of April, 1775, Mr. Crawford was
commissioned by John Morton, Esq., Speaker of the Pennsylvania
Assembly, a second lieutenant in the fifth battalion of associators of
Cumberland county, and after his capture was held as a prisoner of
war at Flatlands, Long Island, until some time in the year 1780.
In the latter part of the year 1776, or the beginning of the year
1777, the first battalion of Cumberland county militia was com-
manded by Colonel James Dunlap. The lieutenant colonel was
Robert Culbertson of our county. This battalion had in it the com-
panies of Noah Abraham, of Path Valley, Patrick Jack, of Hamil-
ton, and Charles Maclay, of Lurgan. I have not been able to find
the rolls of the companies of Captains Jack and Maclay ; but Cap-
tain Abraham's company, which was from all parts of Path Valley,
was made up as follows, viz, :
Captain, Noah Abraham.
First Lieutenant, Archibald Elliott.
Second Lieutenant, Samuel Walker.
SERGEANTS.
1st. James M'Connaughy, 3d. Robert M'Connell,
2d. Joseph Noble, 4th. Thomas Clark.
]
m
irtstorical Sketch of Franklin CofUnt}/.
I'KIVATKS.
Robert Alexander,
.faiiu's Alexander,
David Armstrong,
Jolin Adams,
William Adams,
James Allen,
John Brown,
James Bogs,
Nathaniel Bryan,
Allen Brown,
William Birchanan,
John Bell,
Daniel Colbert,
William Carty,
John Canady,
James Carmady,
Samuel Campbell,
Patrick Davidson,
Andrew Douglas, Sr.,
Patrick Dougherty,
Henry Delmer,
Alex. Douglas, (weaver),
George Dixson,
Abram Elder,
Francis Elliott,
William Elliott,
David Elder,
Samuel Elder,
George Farmer,
John Garven,
Charles Gibson,
James Harvey,
James Howe,
Andrew Hemphill,
William Harvey,
Henderson Harvey,
Alex. Hopper,
Adam Humburg,
John Johnson,
Joseph Kilgore,
Alex. Long,
William M'Lellan,
William M'Ibbins,
John M'Lellan,
John Means,
Nathan M'Colley,
James Montgomery,
Alexander Meor,
Samuel M'Cauley,
James M'Lellan,
Hugh M' Curdy,
Alexander M'Connell,
James Mitchell,
John M'Lellan, Jr.,
Samuel Mears,
James Mackey,
Robert M'Guire,
Henry M'Gee,
John Mackey,
John Montgomery,
James Nealy,
David Neal,
James Park,
Henry Varner,
William Wright,
Robert Walker,
Samuel Watson,
William Woodrow,
Samuel Woodrow.
\
The second battalion, commanded by Colonel John Davis, had in
it the company of Captain Charles Leeper, of Lurgan township.
The fourth battalion, commanded by Colonel Samuel Lyon, had
In it the company of Captain James M'Connel, of Letterkenny.
The sixth battalion was officered as follows, viz. : Samuel Cul-
bertson, Colonel; John Work, Lieutenant Colonel ; James M'Cam-
mont, Major; John Wilson, Adjutant; Samuel Finley, Quarter-
master ; and Richard Brownson, Surgeon.
Hislorical Sketch nf Franklin County. 87
Company No. 2, of this battalion, had the following oflBcers: Cap-
tain, Patrick Jack ; First Lieutenant, William Reynolds ; Second
Lieutenant, James M'Lene; Ensign, Francis Gardner. This com-
pany was from Hamilton township.
Company No. 3, the following : Captain, Samuel Patton ; First
Lieutenant, John Eaton ; Second Lieutenant, David Shields; En-
sign, William Ramsay. This company, I believe, was from Letter-
kenny township.
Company No, 4, the following: Captain, James Patton ; First
Lieutenant. Thomas M'Dowell; Second Lieutenant, John Welsh;
Ensign, John Dickey. This company was most likely from Peters
township.
Company No. 5, the following : Captain, Joseph Culbertson ; First
Lieutenant, John Barr; Second Lieutenant, William Cessna; En-
sign, Hugh Allison. This company was from Lurgan township.
Company No. 6, the following: Captain, William Huston ; First
Lieutenant, William Elliott; Second Lieutenant, James M'Far-
land ; Ensign, Robert Kyle. This company is believed to have
been from Montgomery, Peters and Hamilton townships. It was to
this company that the Rev. Dr. John King, of Mercersburg, made a
patriotic address as they were about to leave their homes for the
battle-field.
Company No. 7, the following: Captain, Robert M'Coy ; First
Lieutenant, James Irwin ; Second Lieutenant, Samuel Dunwoody ;
Ensign, Walter M'Kinney. This company was from Peters town-
ship.
Company No. 8, the following : Captain, John M'Connell; First
Lieutenant Joseph Stevenson ; Second Lieutenant, George Steven-
son ; Ensign, James Caldwell. This company was from Letterken-
ny and Lurgan townships.
The eighth battalion, commanded by Colonel Abraham Smith, of
our county, had for Lieutenant Colonel, James Johnston; Major,
John Johnston; Adjutant, Thomas Johnston; and Quartermaster,
Terrance Campbell, the last four of whom were of this county.
Four of the companies of this battalion were from our county,
certainly, and perhaps more. The company officers were as follows,
viz. :
Company No. 1, Waynesboro' — Captain, Samuel Royer; First
Lieutenant, Jacob Foreman ; Second Lieutenant, John Riddles-
berger; Ensign, Peter Shaver.
Company No. 2, Lurgan township— Captain, John Jack; First
Lieutenant, James Brotherton ; Second Lieutenant, Daniel M'Lene;
Ensign, .lames Drummond.
Company No. 3, Antrim township — Captain, James Poe; First
Lieutenant, Jos. Patterson; Second Lieutenant, Jacob Stotler; En-
sign, James Dickson.
IlUiorical Sketch of Franklin Couniif.
Company No, 8, Lurgan township— Captain, Joiin Rea ; First
Lieutenant, Albert Torrence; Second Lieutenaot, Alex. Thomson;
Ensign, Hugh Wiley.
No rolls can be found of these several battalions, nor can I tell
where their services were rendered. I have seen returns of them as
late as May, 1778, but cannot say when their services ceased.
In the year 1779, because of some troubles with the Indians, some
troops were sent from our county westward. They were mustered
into service on the 22d of June of that year, at Ligonier, by Colonel
John Thomson, D. M. M. G. of P. M. The following is the roll of
the company from Path valley :
Captain, Noah Abraham.
First Lieutenant, Nathaniel Stevenson.
Second Lieutenant, Adam Harman.
SERaEANTS-
Josepli Ferguson,
Campbell Lefever,
James Hamilton,
John Roatch.
PRIVATES.
Daniel Colbert,
Neal Dougherty,
Fred'k Doughertj',
Patrick Dougherty,
Thomas Knox,
Daniel Lavrey,
William Love,
Redmond M'Donough,
Matthias Maiers,
The following are the officers and men of the company from
Letterkenny :
Captain, Samuel Patton.
First Lieutenant, Ezekiel Sample.
John Maghan,
John Millisen,
James Megraw,
Isaac Miner,
James Russell,
John Robison,
James Ray,
William Walker.
SERGEANTS.
John Kincaid,
John Bran,
Thomas Crotley,
Richard Cooper,
George Hunter,
Samuel Howard,
John Hart,
William Lowry,
George Lamb,
John Lytle,
PRIVATES.
William Speare.
Henry Marshal,
John Matthiasweaver,
Lorans M'Ready,
John Parker,
William Patterson,
Ab'm Rosenberry,
William Sharpe,
John Welsh,
Henry Williamson.
Historical Sketch of Fi-anklin County. 89
THE WHISKY INSURRKCTTON.
In the year 1794 President Washington called for five thousand
one hundred and ninety-six men from Pennsylvania, as her share
of the army called out to suppress the Whisky Insurrection, then in
existence in the south-western part of our State. The quota of our
county was two hundred and eighty-one men, who were gotten to-
gether with considerable difficulty, because the mass of the people
of this valley sympathized to a greater or less degree with their fel-
low citizens who were resisting the collection of the excise taxes.
Our quota was, however, furnished after some delay ; but I cannot
tell into how many companies these men were divided, nor by whom
they were commanded. Having been in the service of the United
States, they were doubtless paid by the general government, and
their pay rolls should be in the War Department at Washington
city, but I could not find them there, nor any evidence that they
ever had been there. Neither could I find them at Harrisburg,
though a careful search was made for them. Large numbers of
papers in the War Department at WashingLon city were destroyed
by fires aljout the years 1798 and 1801, as lam informed, and it. is
believed that those relating to the army services in the Whisky In-
surrection were among them.
Brigadier General James Chambers, of our county, commanded the
third brigade of the Pennsylvania troojas in the Whisky Insurrec-
tion. It was composed of one thousand seven hundred and sixty-
two men, five hundred and sixty-eight of whom were from Lancas-
ter county, five hundred and fifty from York, three hundred and
sixty- three from Cumberland, and two hundred and eighty-one from
Franklin county. The troops marched to Pittsburg, were in service
about one month, marched back again and were discharged, with-
out having fired a shot or lost a man.
THE WAR OF 1812-'14.
The war with England for the establishment of the right of the
vessels belonging to the people of the United States to navigate the
waters of the world without molestation from any foreign power,
was declared by Congress on the 12th of June, 1812. Before that
time the British government had claimed authority to search all
merchant vessels found upon the high seas, to ascertain what kinds
of goods, wares and merchandize they carried ; and to seize and
impress all such seamen found upon them as were claimed to be
natives of the British Empire, or at some previous period owed alle-
giance to the British government.
This claim the government of the United States resisted, as un-
founded under the laws of nature and of nations, and the English
government persisting in exercising the right, notwithstanding the
90 Historical Sketch of Franklin Count}/.
remonstrances of the United States autliorities, Congress declared
war, and called upon the people of the country to rally to the defence
of " free trade and sailor's rights."
The hardy yoenianry of this valley responded with alacrity to the
call of the constituted authorities of the luition. Like their patriot
sires of the days of 177(t, they were ready and eager for the contest,
and during tlio years 1812, 1813 and 1814, thirteen companies of men
were organized within our county and went into service.
Even hefore the formal declaration of war was proclaimed by the
Pi'esident, " the Franklin County Light Dragoons," forty one otfi-
cers and men, under Captain Matthew Patton ; the " Mercersburg
Rifles," seventy-two officers and men, under Captain James M'Dow-
ell ; the " Concord Light Infantry, thirty-two oflticers and men, un-
der Captain Michael Harper; the " Chambersburg Union Volun-
teers," fifty-one otticers and men, under Captain Jeremiah Snider,
and the "Antrim Greens," (riflemen), sixty officers and men, under
Captain Andrew Oaks, through Major William M'Clellan, the
Brigade Inspector of this county, tendered their services to Governor
Simon Snyder, as part of any quota of troops that might be called
for from Pennsylvania.
Three several detachments of troops left our county during the
war of 1S12-'14, at three different periods. The first left about the
5th of September, 1812, and was composed of the "Union Voluu-
teei's," of Chambersburg, under Captain Jeremiah Snider; the
"Franklin Riflemen," of Chambersburg, under Captain Henry
Reges; the "Concord Light Infantry," under Captain Michael
Harper; the "Mercersburg Rifles," under Captain Patrick Hays,
and the "Antrim Greens," under Captain Andrew Oaks — total, two
hundred and sixty-four offlcers and men. The quota of our county
was five hundred and seven otflcers and men, and the deficiency,
two hundred and forty, was made up hy a draft from the militia.
The whole detachment was under the command of Major William
M'Clelland, the Brigade Inspector of the county, and marched to
the north-western frontier by way of Bedford, Pittsburg and ISIead-
ville, which latter place was reached about the 20th or 25th of Sep-
tember, 1812. There the assembled troops were organized into four
regiments, two of riflemen and tW'O of Infantry. Of the first regi-
ment of riflemen Jared Irwin was elected colonel, and of the second
regiment William Piper was elected colonel. Of the first regiment
of infantry Jeremiah Snider was elected colonel, and of the second
regiment John Purviance was elected colonel. These four regiments
were formed into a brigade under the command of Brigadier Gen-
eral Adamson Tannahill, Dr. Samuel D. Culbertson, of Chambers-
burg, was appointed Surgeon-in-Chief of the brigade, and Dr. George
Denig, Assistant Surgeon,
Upon the election of Captain Jeremiah Snider to the colonelcy of
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 91
the first regiment, his lieutenant, John M'Clintock was elected
captain of his comj)any, and George K. Harper was promoted to
the position of lieutenant, vacated by Captain M'Clintock.
The Roster of the first regiment after its formation was as follows :
Colonel, Jeremiah Snider. Quartermaster, BernardNWolflT.
First Major, James Warner. Sergeant Major, Andrew Lindsay.
Second Major, John Scott. Forage Master, Hugh Greenfield.
Surgeon, Samuel D. Culbertson. Wagon Master, Stephen Rigler.
Adjutant, Owen Aston.
The companies of Captains M'Clintock, Reges and Harper were
in Colonel Snider's regiment, and those of Captains Oaks and Hays
in Colonel Jared Irwin's regiment. After the organization of the
brigade it marched to Buffalo, about the middle of October, 1812,
and arrived there in November. It remained at Buffalo, in winter
quarters, until some time in the month of January, 1813, when the
men were discharged.
The followiog are the rolls of Captains Jeremiah Snider's and
Henry Reges' companies, as they were when they left Chambers-
burg, September 5th, 1812.
CHAMBEBSBURG COMPANY, SEPTEMBER 5tH, 1812.
Captain Jeremiah Snider.
Lieutenant, John M'Clintock.
Ensign, Owen Aston.
SERGEANTS.
First, John Stevenson, Third, John Colhoun,
Second, Alex. Allison, Fourth, Andrew Colhoun.
CORPORALS.
First, Robert Haslett, Third, H. Ruthrauff,
Second, William Tillard, Fourth, John Reed.
MUSICIANS.
Wiliam Donaldson, Henry Bickney,
PRIVATES.
Timothy Allen, John Cummings,
John Andrews, Robert Foot,
Joseph Barnett, George Faber,
Samuel Beatty, Isaac Grier,
David Blythe, Peter Glossbrenner,
A. L. Crain, Hugh Greenfield,
Andrew Clunk, George Heist,
Daniel Clouser, Horace Hill,
92
Historical Sketch of Pranklin County.
John Hunter,
Thomas Harvey,
Daniel Hood,
John Hutcliinson,
Andrew Lindsay,
Spencer M'Kinney,
James Murray,
Alex. M'Coiinell,
Elisha Nabb,
Jacob Phillipy,
John Plummer,
Btejdien Ritrler,
William Shannon,
George Sinijjson,
Moses H. Swan,
"William Taylor,
Joshua Wilson,
James Wilson,
David Wilson,
Bernard Wolff.
CHAMBERSBURG COMPANY, SEPTEMBER 5TH, 1812.
Captain, Henrj' Reges.
First Lieutenant, Jeremiah Senseny.
Second Lieutenant, John Musser.
First Sergeant, Peter Fleck.
PRIVATES.
John Boyle,
John Baughman,
Robert Cunningham,
John Cook,
Edward Crawford,
Arthur Dobbin,
John Denig,
John Essig,
Isaac Erwin,
John Favorite,
John Gelwicks,
William Grice,
Joseph Good,
John Gilmore,
Philip Grim,
Christian John,
George W. Lester,
Josiah Lemon,
Isaiah Lanier,
Robert M' Murray,
John Mumma,
Hugh Mannon,
Hugh INI'Connell,
Hugh M'Anulty,
John Martin,
Benjamin Matthews,
James M'Connell,
William Pollack,
Richard Runnion,
John Radebaugh,
John Robinson,
John Reilly,
Jacob Snyder,
Joseph Stall,
Henry Smith,
Thompson Schools,
Joseph Severns,
Daniel Sailer,
John Withney,
James Wise,
George Wilson,
George Zimmerman.
GBEENCASTLE COMPANY, SEPTEMBER 5tH, 1S12.
Captain, Andrew Oaks.
Lieutenant, Thomas Wilson.
Ensign, George Zeigler.
Hisiorieal "Skelch of Franldln Vounly. 93
SERGEANTS.
First, Peter Cramer, Third, Jacob Fletter,
Second, Jacob Gudtner, Fourth, James PenneL
CORPORAIiS-
First, William Dungan, Third, Jacob Garresene,
Second. George Sharer, Fourth, Thomas Brady.
Fifer, Henry Sites. Drummer, Jacob Poper,
PRIVATES.
Henry Blendlinger, Jam«s M'Curdy,
Joseph Byerly, Samuel M'Laughlin,
George Bettes, William Ovelman,
William Bolton, Thomas Plummer,
Samuel Bender, John Snyder,
William Carroll, William Scully,
Patrick Dungan, John Sreader,
Evan Evans, George StutT,
William Foster, Samuel Smith,
Thomas Fletcher, George Shaffer,
John Gaff, George Uller,
William Gordon, Christian Wilhelra,
John Garner, Samuel Weidner,
Richard Keller, Daniel Weidner.
Samuel Martin,
MERCERSBURa COMPANY, SEPTEMBER 5TH, 1812.
Captain, Patrick Hays.
Lieutenant, John Small.
Ensign, Samuel Elder.
SERGEANTS.
First, James M'Quown, Third, Jacob Williams,
Second, Jacob Small, Fourth, George Spangler.
CORPORALS.
First, Joseph Herington, Third, Daniel Leer,
Second, John Donothen, Fourth, Jacob Cain.
Fifer, John Mull. Drummer, Jacob Wise.
PRIVATES.
James Bennet, John Clapsaddle,
Isaac Brubaker, Henry Cline,
Samuel Craig, William Cooper,
Joseph Cunningham, Samuel Campbell,
John Crouch, Alex. Dunlap,
04
Historical Sketch of Franklin Count}/,
Frederick Divelbiss,
David Dei trick,
John Dunhip,
James Elder,
Peter Gaster,
Jacob Groscope,
John Harris,
Jacob Hodskins,
Jonas Hissong,
"William Hart,
John Hallin,
John Hastier,
John Heart,
James Halland,
Abraham Hodskins,
Peter Kyler,
John King,
Robert M'Quown,
Robert M'Farlantf,
William M'Quown,
John Mo wry,
James M'Dowell,
Charles M'Pike,
Campbell Montgomery,
William M'Curdy,
Samuel Martin,
Charles Pettet,
Henry Suflcoal,
William Suffcoal,
William Stewart,
Peter Teach,
Henry Weaver,
Daniel Welker,
James Walker.
PATH VALLEY COMPANY, SEPTEMBER 5TH, 1812.
Captain, Michael Harper.
Lieutenant, William M'Kinzip,
Ensign, John Campbell.
SERGEANTS.
First, William Irwin, Third, John Widney,
Second, James M'Kinzie, Fourth, Hugh Barrack.
CORPORALS.
First, Jeremiah Baker, Third, Samuel Campbell,
Second, Francis M'CuUough, Fourth, James Ginnevin.
PRIVATES.
John Cannon,
Joseph Dever,
Barnabas Donnelly,
David Evans,
Barnabas Fegan,
Jer. Hockenberry,
James Hockenberry,
Peter Hockenberry,
In the early part of the year 1814, the General Government hav-
ing made a call upon the State of Pennsylvania for more troops,
Governor Simon Snyder, about the beginning of February of that
year, ordered a draft for 1000 men from the counties of York, Adams,
Franklin and Cumberland — Cumberland county to raise 500 men,
and the other counties the balance. The quota of Franklin county
George Irwin,
James Linn,
Samuel Phillips,
Isaac Scooly,
William Smith,
Richard Scott,
James Taj'lor,
Peter Timmons.
JPstx)Tical Sketch of FronMin Coxmfy. 95
was ordered to assemble at Loudon on the 1st of March, 1814.
What was its exact number I have not been able to ascertain.
At that time Captain Samuel Dunn, of Path Valley had a small
volunteer company under his command, numbering about forty
men. These, I am informed, volunteered to go as part of the quota
of the county, and were accepted. Drafts were then made to furnish
the balance of the quota, and one full company of drafted men,
under the command of Captain Samuel Gordon, of Waynesburg,
and one partial company, under the command of Captain Jacob
Stake, of Lurgan township, were organized and assembled at Loudon
in pursuance of the orders of the Governor. There the command
of the detachment was assumed by Major William M'Lellan,
brigade Inspector of the county, who conductedjt to Erie. It moved
from Loudon on the 4th of March, and was twenty-eight days in reach-
ing Erie. According to Major M'Clelland's report on file in the
auditor general's office at Harrisburg, it was composed of one major,
three captains, five lieutenants, two ensigns and two hundred and
twenty-one privates.
Dr. Wm. C. Lane, in a note, says: "Captain Jacob Stake lived along
the foot of the mountain, between Roxbuty and Strasburg. He
went as captain of a company of drafted men, as far as Erie, at
which place his company was merged into those of Captains Dunn
and Gordon, as the commissions of those ofHcers anti-dated his
commission, and there were not men enough in their companies to
fill them uji to the required complement."
Upon the arrival of these troops at Erie, and their organization
into comjDanies, they were put into the fifth regiment of the Penn-
sylvania troops, commanded by Colonel James Fenton. Of that
regiment, James Wood, of Greencastle, was major, and Thomas
Foe, of Antrim township, adjutant, the whole army being under
the command of Major General Jacob Brown.
Adjutant Poe is reputed to have been a gallant ofiicer, one to
whom fear was unknown. On one occasion he quelled a mutiny
among the men in camp, unaided by any other person. The
mutineers afterwards declared that they saw death in his eyes when
he gave them the command to "return to quarters." He fell mor-
tally wounded at the battle of Chippewa, July 6th, 1814, and died
shortly afterwards.
The following is a copy of the roll of the company of Captain
Dunn, on file in the War Department at Washington City.
Captain, Samuel Dunn, March 1st, 1814.
First Lieutenant, James M'Connell.
Second Lieutenant, Robert Foot.
Third Lieutenant, John Favorite.
Ensign, William Geddes.
96
Hlatorical Sketch of Franklin Countx/.
SERGEANTS.
First, John Snively,
Second, Samuel Baker,
Third, James M'Henry,
Fourth, Jolin M. Shannon.
CORPORALS.
First, Tlionipson Schools,
Second, William Nevill,
Third, John Witherow,
Dtuinmer, John Boggs.
Levi Black,
John Brandt,
Jesse Beams,
George Bryan,
Frederick Boreaugh,
Anthony Bates,
John Barclay,
John Brewster,
Hugh Baker,
John Beaty,
William Buchanan,
Andrew Barclay,
James Connor,
Samuel Creamer,
John Cunningham,
James Compton,
Barnabas Clark,
Thomas Cummings,
Benjamin Davis,
Samuel Davenport,
John Doyle,
James Elliott,
Robert Elder,
Joseph Fingerty,
Abraham Flagle,
Jacob Frush,
Jere Gift,
Hugh Henderson,
Nehemiah Harvey,
Edward Heil,
Henry Halby,
Thomas Hays,
♦Robert Hunter,
John Humbert,
Henry Hess,
PRIVATES.
Robert Johnston,
Enoch Johns,
John Krotzer,
James Keever,
Michael Kester,
James Kirkwood,
Benjamin Long,
David Lightner,
Tobias Long,
Noah Macky,
John M'Connell,
Robert M'Connell,
James Morehead,
John M'Dowell,
fAdam Myers,
George Macomb,
John Miller,
William M'Clure,
Samuel Mateer,
William Moore,
John Marshal,
James M'Kim,
Absalom M' II wee,
John Murray,
Joseph Noble,
John Noble,
John Over,
Joseph Phipps,
Thomas Penwell,
George Plucher,
Mathias Panther,
William Reed,
Charles Runion,
William Ramsay,
Philip Roan,
♦Afterwards Colonel of the 50th Regiment. fStill Living.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
97
Jacob Stevick,
Peter Shell,
Samuel Swope,
John Shell,
John Smith,
John Swanger,
Jacob Staley,
William Sheets,
John Stewart,
Barney Shipton,
John Stake,
David Trindle,
William Woods,
Richard Wright,
John Walker,
George Wrist,
William Williams,
William Westcott,
John Young,
Robert Young,
John Young,
*Jacob Zettle.
"This company," says Dr. Lane, "was originally armed with rifles.
These were exchanged at Erie for regulation muskets. The com-
pany was at the battles of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, and
guarded British prisoners from the frontier to Greenbush, now
Albany, New York. These prisoners numbered more than 220 pri-
vates and 22 officers— among the latter General Royal. Dunn lost
men in both of the battles named, was in service with his company
for about seven months, and was mustered out at Albany, New
York."
The following is a copy of the roll of Captain Gordon's company,
also on file in the War Department at Washington city.
WAYNESBURG COMPANY, MARCH IST, 1814.
Captain, Samuel Gordon.
First Lieutenant, William Dick.
Second Lieutenant, William Patton.
Third Lieutenant, James Burnes.
Ensign, William Miller.
SERGEANTS.
First, Hugh Davison,
Second, Charles Miller,
Third, James Scott,
Fourth, Josiah Gordon.
CORPORALS.
First, Joseph Arthur,
Second, James Hall,
Drummer, Joseph Shilling.
PRIVATES.
Thomas Allen,
William Alsip,
Martin Beard,
Henry Baugher,
Third, John Podman,
Fourth, Philip Mason.
Fifer, William Burgiss.
Benjamin Bump,
George Burr,
Frederick Beverson,
John Baker,
*Still Living.
13
98
Historical Sketch of Franklin Count); .
Micliaol Borer,
Jacob Baker,
PetcT ]}aker,
Mieliael IJear,
Adain Brown,
Conrad Croft,
John Coon,
John Craig,
Kic-lianl Cahil,
^\'il]ianl Clem,
Jnhn Carver,
AVilliim Clark,
Richard Donahoe,
William Divelbiss,
John Dowman,
Edward Detrick,
George Davis,
Samuel Dean,
Jacob Decmer,
John Davis,
Adam Duncan,
Jacob Eby,
George Ensminger,
William Edwards,
Nathaniel Fips,
Joseph Flora,
John Fislier,
Michael Fritz,
Henry Geiger,
George Glaze,
Moses Getrich,
John Greenly,
John Graham,
John Huber,
Joseph Hoffman,
William Hardin,
George Harmony,
James Hardy,
John Hawk,
Peter Harger,
John Irwin,
David Johnston,
John Jeftery, •
Nathaniel Kiri^f,
Jacob Keefer,
William Kline,
William King,
Peter Keefer,
Maltiiew King,
James Logan,
Benjamin Lewis,
Jacob Liepert,
John M'Colley,
John M'Connell,
Alexander M'MuUen,
Peter Myers,
William Miller,
John M'Neal,
John M'CIay,
Philip Myers,
William Mahaffy,
Murdoek Mitchell,
John M 'Curdy,
Robert IM'Clelland,
Daniel Mentzer,
G. M. Miller,
George Miller,
George NefT,
Joseph Neal,
Nathan Phijjps,
Abraham Piaceare,
William Pearslake,
Thomas Poe,
Erasmus Quarters,
Andrew Robertson,
William Reeseman,
John Ritter,
Adam Rankin,
Adam Ream,
Christopher Sites,
Frederick Stumbaugh
Jacob Staufer,
Nicholas Smith,
Jacob Smith,
Henry Satin,
Joseph Tice,
James Thompson,
Henry Unger,
William Wolf,
William Whitman,
Henry Weaver.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 99
On the 24th of August, 1814, the battle of Blaclensburg was fought,
and the Americans, under General Winder, were defeated by the Brit-
ish, under Major General Ross. The same day the enemy entered
Washington city and burned the Capitol and other public buildings.
When tlie news of these events reached our quiet town the people
were greatly aroused, and, report says, they at once despatched a
messenger to the National authorities at Washington city to learn
if more troops were desired, and whether volunteers would be
received. The government gladly accepted the proffered aid, and
directed that all the troops raised should march at once for Balti-
more, as it was feared that the invaders would next make an attack
upon that city.
The messenger arrived here at midnight, and found a large
number of the citizens anxiously awaiting his coming. The bells
were rung, the town ai'oused, and the drum and fife called the people
to arms. Id a few days seven companies were fully organized and
equipped and on the march to Baltimore. One of these was a troop
of cavalry from Mercersburg, under Captain Matthew Patton, which
marched to Baltimore, but was not accepted, as cavalry were not
then needed. Upon learning that they would not be received as
cavalry, many of the members of this company disposed of their
horses and joined the infantry.
The following are the rolls of the companies of Captains John
Findlay and Samuel D. Culbertson, of Chambersburg ; Thomas
Bard, of Mercersburg; Andrew Robison, of Greencastle ; John
Flanagan, of Waynesburg, and William Alexander, of Fannetts-
burg, as they remain on file in the War Department at Washington
city :
CHAMBERSBURG COMPANY, SEPTEMBER, 1814.
Captain, John Findlay,
First Lieutenant, John Snider.
Second Lieutenant, Greenberry Murphy.
Ensign, John Hershberger.
SERGEANTS.
First, Joseph Severns, Fourth, Jeremiah Senseny,
Second, Andrew Rea, Fifth, Jacob Fedder.
Third, Henry Smith,
CORPORALS.
First, John Robison, Third, Jacob Heck,
Second, George W. Lester, Fourth, Jacob Bickley.
PRIVATES.
Jacob Abrahams, James Buchanan,
John Berlin, John Brindle,
Peter Bonebrake, William Bratten,
John Baxter, Benjamin Blythe,
100
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
John Baughinan,
Jolin Buclier,
Jacob Bittin<?er,
Abraham Burkholder,
Frederick Best,
Daniel Grouse,
Joseph Campbell,
James Carberry,
Conrad Clouse,
Joseph Cope,
John Clugston,
M'Farlin Cammel,
Conrad Draher,
Daniel Dechert,
William Dugan,
James Dixon,
John Eaton,
Simon Eaker,
Benjamin Firnwalt,
Henry Fry,
Thomas Fletcher,
Henry Ganter,
Jacob George,
John Gillespy,
Jacob Glosser,
John Gelwicks,
Michael Helman,
Thomas Hall,
William Harman,
James Huston,
Daniel Helman,
Isaac Irvin,
Thomas Jones,
William Kinneard,
David Keller,
Thomas Kaisey,
Jacob Laufman,
John Lucas,
Reuben Monroe,
Robert M'Afee,
Daniel M'Allister,
William M'Kesson,
William M'Kean,
William Mills,
Samuel M'Elroy,
Soyer M'Faggen,
John Mi lone,
David Mentzer,
Jacob M'Ferron,
Cammel Montgomery,
David Mumraa,
Ludwick Nitterhouse,
Samuel Nogel,
John Nitterhouse,
Jacob ISfefT,
John Nixon,
John Porter,
Edward Ruth,
Jacob Reichert,
John Radebaugh,
Elijah Sargeant,
Charles Stuard,
Samuel Shillito,
Daniel Sharp,
William Sipes,
Jacob Spitel,
Ross Sharp,
Joseph Suttey,
John Tritle,
John Todd,
Joseph Wilson,
Benjamin Wiser,
James Walker,
Jacob Wolfkill,
Josiah Wallace,
David White,
Matthew Wright,
James Westbay,
Hugh AVoods,
William White,
George Young,
George Zimmerhian.
CHAMBERSBURQ COMPANY, SEPTEMBER, 1814.
Captain, Samuel D. Culbertson.
First Lieutenant, John M'Clintock.
Second Lieutenant, George K. Harper.
Ensign, John Stevenson.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
101
SERGEANTS.
First, Andrew Calhoun,
Second, John Calhoun,
First, Hugh Greenfield,
Second, James Wilson,
John Arntt,
Henry Burchett,
John Besore,
Samuel Brand,
Matthew Besore,
George Beaver,
James Crawford,
Holmes Crawford,
Augustus Capron,
William Cook,
James Campbell,
Edward Crawford,
Edward Capron,
Peter Crayton,
John Devine,
William Denny,
Joseph Duffleld,
John Denig,
John Dougherty,
Joseph Erven,
Benjamin Fahnestock,
William Ferry,
Isaac Grier,
Jacob Grove,
Henry Greenawalt,
William Grove,
Paul Hoeflich,
John Holmes,
Wm. Heyser,
Joseph Housem,
John Hutchinson,
George Harris,
Herman Helfmire,
John Hinkle,
Michael S. Johns,
William Jamison,
George Jasonsky,
John Kindline,
Jacob Kelker,
Third, Stephen Rigler,
Fourth, Alex. Allison,
CORPORAILS.
Third, Samuel Beatty,
Fourth, John Andrew.
PRIVATES.
Andrew Lindsay,
William M. M'Dowell,
John M' Bride,
Patrick Murray,
John M'Cormiek,
George B. M' Knight,
Thomas G, M'Culloh,
Henry Merklein,
John Nunemacber,
William Nochtwine,
George Oyster,
John O'Neal,
Samuel Porter,
William Reynolds,
James D. Riddle,
Philip Reges,
John Reed,
Samuel Ruthrauff,
Willam Richey,
Adam Roemer,
George Simpson,
William Schoeplin,
John Snider,
Samuel Shillito,
William Shane,
Daniel Stevenson,
Jacob Smith,
David Tritle,
Robert Thompson,
Abraham Voress,
Bernai-d Wolff,
Jacob Widefelt,
John Weaver,
John Whitmore,
John B. Watts,
James Warden,
Joseph Wallace,
George Willison.
102
Historical Sketch of Franklia Count)/,
MERCERSBDRG COMPANY, SEPTEMBKR, 1814.
Captain, Thomas Bard.
First Lieutenant, James M'Dowell.
Second Lieutenant, John Jolinston.
Ensign, Joseph Bowers.
SERGEANTS.
Third, Thomas Smith,
Fourtli, G. Spangler.
CORPORALS.
First, William Smith, Third, William M'Dowell
Second, Thomas Grubb, Fourth, Thomas Johnston
Fifer, John Mull.
First, A. T. Dean,
Second, G. Duffield,
PRIVATES.
John Abbott,
John Brown,
Archibald Bard,
Robert Carson,
John Coxe,
John Campbell,
Samuel Craig,
John Cox, Jr.,
John Donnyhon,
Joseph Dick,
Joseph Dun lap,
Peter Elliott,
Jeremiah Evans,
John Furley,
Leonard Gaff,
John Glaze,
Joseph Garvin,
James Garver,
William Glass,
Henry Garner,
William Hart,
Joseph Harrington,
James Hamilton,
James Harrison,
Frederick Henehy,
John Harrer,
William Houston,
Samuel Johnson,
John King,
John Liddy,
James M'Dowell,
John M'Clelland,
Thomas C. M'Dowell,
William M'Dowell, Sr.,
George M'Ferren,
James Montgomery,
James M'Neal,
Augustus M'Neal,
Samuel Markle,
John M'Ciirdy,
Robert M' Coy,
John M'Culloh.
John Maxwell,
William M'Kinstry,
Matthew Patton,
Charles Pike,
David Robston,
William Stewart,
Thomas Speer,
James Sheilds,
David Smith,
George Stevens,
John Sybert,
Thomas Squire,
Conrad Stinger,
Samuel Witherow,
Tliomas Williamson,
William Wilson,
Joh» Werlby,
John Witherow,
James Walker,
William Rankin,
Thomas Waddle,
Christopher Wise.
Historical Sketch of FranUin County.
103
OREENCASTLE COMPANY, SEPTEMBER, 1814.
Captain, Andrew Robison.
First Lieutenant, John Brotherton.
Second Lieutenant, James Mitchell.
Ensign, Jacob Besore.
SERGEANTS.
First, James Walker, Third, Thomas Wilson,
Second, Andrew Snively, Fourth, Archibald Fleming,
CORPORALS.
First, John Randall, Third, George Sackett,
Second, George Bellows, Fourth, Alex. Aiken.
Paymaster, William Carson.
PRIVATES.
William Armstrong, Jr.,
John Allison,
William Bratten,
Robert Bruce,
John Billings,
Henry Beatty,
Samuel Bradley,
William H. Brotherton,
James Brotherton,
Robert Brotherton,
Frederick Baird,
John Boggs,
Benjamin Core,
Walter B. Clark,
William Clark,
George Clark,
Frederick Carpenter,
William Coffroth,
James Camion,
Jesse Deman,
John Dennis,
James Davison,
William T. Dugan,
Samuel Foreman,
George Flora,
David Fullerton,
John Garner,
Robert Guinea,
Hugh Guinea,
Edward Gordon,
William Gallagher,
John Gaff,
Frederick Gearhart,
Peter Gallagher,
William Harger,
John Henneberger,
Joseph Hughes,
William Irwin,
James Johnston,
Jonathan Keyser,
Matthew Kennedy
William Krepps,
George Kuy,
John M'Cune,
Adam M'Callister,
James M'Gaw,
James M'Cord,
William M'Graw,
William H. Miller,
William Moreland,
John M'Connell,
Samuel M'Cutchen,
John Miller,
Archibald M'Lane,
Abraham M'Cutchen,
John M'Coy,
John B. M'Lanahan,
John M'Clellan,
Samuel Nigh,
Robert Owen,
104
Ilisforical Sketch of Franklin Countif.
James Poe,
John Park, /
Jacob Poper,
J. Piper,
John Reed,
Roger Rice,
A. B. Ranlvin,
John Rowe, Sr.,
John Rogers,
John Shira,
Charles Stewart,
Adam Sayler,
John Shearer,
Samuel Statler, (of Emanuel),
George Schreder,
Henry Sites,
George Speck man.
John Snyder,
Robert Smith,
John Shaup,
George Uller,
WilHam Vanderaw,
Thomas Welsh,
James Wilson,
George Wallack,
Christian Wilhelm,
Christian Wise,
John Weaver,
Thomas Walker,
Alexander Young.
WAYNESBURG COMPANY, SEPTEMBER, 181-1.
Captain, John Flanagan.
Lieutenant, William Bivins.
Ensign, Daniel M'Farlin.
SERGEANTS.
First, Robert Gordon,
Second, George Cochran,
PRIVATES.
Samuel Allison,
John Bowman,
John Bormest,
Christian Bechtel,
David Beaver,
William Barnet,
Hugh Blair,
William Call,
James Duncan,
Joseph Fulton,
Jacob Fry,
Loudon Fullerton,
James Fullerton,
James Getteys,
George Gettier,
Samuel Green,
Peter Haulman,
Daniel Haulman,
James Harshman,
David Heffner,
Daniel Hartraan,
Third, William Downey,
Fourth, George Foreman.
James Hay den,
George Koontz,
Daniel Logan,
John Logan,
William Moouey,
Joseph Misner,
James M'Cray,
William M'Dowell,
John Oellig,
Maximillian Obermeyer,
George Price,
Robert Ray,
Abraham Roberson,
Adam Stonebraker,
John Sheflfler,
John Stoner,
David Springer,
Alex. Stewart,
George Weagley, - ^
David Weaver.
JrMstorical Sketch of Franklin County. 105
FANNETTSBURG COMPANY, SEPTEMBER, 1814.
Captain, William Alexander.
Lieutenant, Francis M'Connell.
Ensign, James Barkley.
SERGEANTS.
First, John M'Clay, Third, Peter Foreman,
Second, Richard Childerson, Fourth, William Young.
COBPORAIi.
John Sterrett.
PRIVATES.
James Alexander, James M'Connell,
Thomas Childerstone, Robert M'Kleary,
Edward Dunn, Hugh Maxwell,
John Elder, Robert M'Millon,
Noah Elder, John M'Allen,
William Finnerty, John M'Kee,
Andrew Foreman, James M'Kibben,
Thomas Geddis, Joseph M'Kelvey,
Thomas Harry, John Neal,
John Harry, Peter Piper,
John Hill, John Patterson,
George Houston, John Ryan,
Samuel Hockenberry, Wiliam Shutter,
James Irwin, Arthur Shields,
James Jones, John Vanlear,
David Kyle, David Witherow,
Robert Lewis, James Wallace,
John Little, Peter Wilt.
Upon the arrival of these troops at Baltimore they were organized
into a regiment under the command of John Findley, of this county.
The following is the roster of the regimental officers: Colonel, John
Findley; Major, David Fullerton; Surgeon, Dr. John M'Clelland;
First Mate, Dr. John Boggs; Second Mate, Dr. Jesse M'Gaw; Adju-
tant, James M'Dowell; Quartermaster, Thomas G. M'Culloh; Ser-
geant Major, Andrew Lindsay; Quartermaster Sergeant, William
Carson; Paymaster General, George Clark, Esq.
Upon the election of Captain Findley as colonel of the regiment,
Lieutenant William Young was elected captain of the company in
his stead. These troops marched on the 25th of August, 1814, and
were in service until the 23d of September following, when they
were discharged.
14
106 Ilhtorical Sketch of Franklin Count)/.
THE MEXICAN WAR.
The annexation of Texas to the United States was the primary
cause of this war. This was consunnnated on tlie 4tli of July, 1R45,
by tiu' at'tion of the Legislature of Texas, {giving apjiroval to the
bill i)asse(l by the Congress of the United States, for the union of
the two republies. The Mexican autliorities became very indignant
and withdrew their minister from Washington, with threats of war.
The United States government felt itself bound to sustain the inde-
pendence and territorial claims of Texas-and Mexico refusing the
overtures of our government for a peaceable settlement of the boun-
dary lines between the two countries, General Taylor, early in 1846,
was ordered to advance to the Jlio Grande, the boundary claimed
by Texas, and occupy the disputed territory. The Mexicans, under
General Ampudia, on the 8th of May, 1846, were defeated by him
at Palo Alto; and on the next day were a second time defeated at
Resaca de la Palma, with a loss of near 1,000 men. On the 11th of
May, 1846, Congress declared that war existed by the act of Mexico.
The news of the commencement of hostilities occasioned the
greatest excitement throughout this country. Ten millions of
dollars were voted by Congress to carry on the war, and the Presi-
dent was authorized to accept the services of fifty thousand volun-
teers. Witliin a few Aveeks over two lumdred thousand men volun-
teered for the war. In the spring of 1847 Captain Martin M. Moore,
of Washington city, received authority to recruit a company in
Pennsylvania, for the Mexican war. He opened a recruiting station
at Chambersburg, and very soon enlisted a large company, paying
a bounty of twelve dollars per man, with the right to each recruit to
receive, when discharged, one hundred and sixty acres of land, or
a treasury scrip, or certificate, for one hundred dollars, bearing six
per cent, interest. This company left Cliambersburg on the 17th of
March, 1847, numbering one hundred and twenty-two men, rank
and file. The officei's were :
Captain, Martin M. Moore.
First Lieutenant, Charles T. Campbell.
Second Lieutenant, Horace Haldeman.
Third Lieutenant, Mead.
This company marched to Pittsburg by way of Bedford, where it
received some additional recruits. It was called company B, elev-
enth regiment U. S. infantry. It reached Brasos Santiago, about
tlie 17th of April, 1847, and was for a considerable time in garrison
at Tampico, Mexico, where a number of the men died of yellow
fever. From Tampico the company passed to Vera Cruz, and accom-
panied our army to the city of Mexico. Peace was secured by the
treaty of Gaudaloupe Hidalgo, February 2d, 1848, though not formally
proclaimed until the 4th of July following.
Captain Moore was dismissed from the service at Tampico, and
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 107
thereafter the company was commanded by Lieutenant Charles T.
Campbell. At the time of the signing of the treaty of peace this
company was in the interior of Mexico, seventy-five miles above
the city of Mexico. On the route home they met a number of men
going out to join the company. On the return of the company to
New York, about the 27th of July, 1848, it had but about twenty-
four men in its ranks. I tried to get a copy of the roll of the com-
pany, but the authorities at Washington city refused to give it for
any purpose.
Cai)tain Whipple and Lieutenant Hanson also recruited a number
of men for this war in our county. The whole number recruited
could not have been less than two hundred.
THE WAR OF THE REBEIjLION.
The contribution of our county to the armies that fought for the
preservation of the Union in the late war of the rebellion, was quite
large, and very creditable to the patriotism of our people. A full
and complete record of these gallant troops is to be found in "Bates'
History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers," published by authority
of the State of Pennsylvania, and it would therefore be useless to
encumber the pages of this sketch with a statement of their names
and the officers who commanded them. Besides, such lists, even if
published, would by no means show who went out from our county
in defence of their country in the hour of her need and peril; for
many of them joined companies outside of the county, and their
names and locations are only distinguishable by those who knew
them. I shall, therefore, merely give the names of the companies
and regiments, with their commanders.
THREE months' MEN — 1861.
In April, 1861, the second regiment of the three months' men was
organized at Camp Curtin, under the command of Colonel Fred-
erick S. Stumbaugh, of Chambersburg. In it were the following
companies from our county, viz. :
Company A, Captain Peter B. Housum, 77 officers and men.
B, " John Dcebler, 73 " "
" C, " James G. Elder, 73 " "
This regiment was in service from the 21st of April, 1861, until
the 26th of July, 1861.
THREE YEARS' MEN.
85th regiment— 6th reserves.
On the 22d of June, 1861, this regiment was organized at Camp
Curtin, under the command of Colonel W. Wallace Ricketts, of
Columbia county. The only company in it from our county, was —
108 Historical Sketch of PranJdin County.
Company I), Captain William D. Dixon, 103 officers and men.
On the 12th of .September, 18G3, Captain Dixon was promoted to
the lieutenunt colonelcy of the regiment, which was mustered out
of service, June 14th, 1864.
41ST REGIMENT— 12th RESERVES.
This regiment was organized at Camp Cuitin, under thecommand
of Colonel John H. Taggart, of Philadelphia, primarily for the
three months' service, but not being accepted, were mustered into
the State service for three years from the date of their enlistment.
On the 10th of August, 1861, it was mustered into the United States
service. The only comi)any in it from our county was:
Company K, Captain John S. Eyster, 93 officers and men.
The regiment was mustered out of service June 11th, 1864.
43d regiment— 1st artillery.
This legiment was organized at Camp Curtin, under thecommand
of Colonel Charles T. Campbell, in May, 1861. Company B, Cap-
tain Hezekiah Easton, was from our county. It had in it, during
its term of service, three hundred and twenty-three officers and men.
On the 27th of June, 1862, Captain Easton was killed at the battle
of Gaines' Mill, and on the 25th of July, 1865, after four years and
four months service, the battery was mustered out at Harrisburg.
77th regiment.
This regiment was organized in October, 1861, by the election of
Frederick S. Stumbaugh colonel and Peter B. Housum lieutenant
colonel, both of whom were from our county. The following com-
pany was from our county, viz. :
Company A, Captain Samuel R. M'Kesson, 219 officers and men.
Parts of companies D, G, and H, were also from our county. On
the 16th of January, 1866, the regiment was mustered out of the ser-
vice at Philadelphia.
87th regiment.
This regiment was originally organized in September, 1861, under
Colonel George Hay. In September, 1S64, it was reorganized. In
March, 1865, company K, Captain D. B. Greenawalt, of our county,
eighty-seven officers and men, was assigned to it. The regiment
was mustered out of the service June 29th, 1865.
103d regiment.
This regiment was organized on the 24th of February, 1862, under
Colonel Theodore F. Lehman, and was reorganized and filled up in
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 109
March, 1865, when company A, Captain Elias K. Lehman, eighty-
eight officers and men, from our county, became connected with it.
The war having closed, the regiment was mustered out of service on
the 25th of June, 1865.
107th regiment.
This regiment was organized at Harrisburg on the 5th of March,
1862, by the election of Thomas A. Zeigle, of York county, colonel,
and Robert W. M'Allen, of Franklin county, lieutenant colonel.
One company, viz : Company K, Captain A. Jackson Brand, was
from our county, and had in it during its term of service one hun-
dred and sixty -nine officers and men. There were also a number
of Franklin county men in the other companies. The regiment was
mustered out of the service July 13th, 1865.
108th regiment — 11th cavalry.
Colonels, Josiah Harlen and Samuel P. Spear.
Lieutenant Colonel, George Stetzel.
Major, John S. Nimmon.
A large number of the men of this regiment were from our county,
especially those in company D, Captains R. B. Ward and John S.
Nimmon. The regiment was organized October 5th, 1861, and was
mustered out of service July 13th, 1865.
112th regiment — 2d artillery. '
Colonel, Charles Augeroth, Sr.
Lieutenant Colonel, B. F. Winger.
A large number of the men composing this regiment were recruited
in our county. It was organized in January, 1862, and was mustered
out of service at City Point, Virginia, on the 29th of January, 1866.
NINE MONTHS' MEN.
126th regiment — 1862.
This regiment was recruited in about three weeks time, and ren-
dezvoused at Camp Curtin, Harrisburg, between the 6th and lOth of
August, 1862, when a regimental organization was effected, with the
following field officers, viz : James G. Elder, colonel ; D. Watson
Howe, lieutenant colonel ; and James C. Austin, major. Many of
the officers and men had served in the second regiment, for three
months' service. The following companies were from our county,
viz. :
110 Historical Sketch of PranfcUn County.
Company A, Captain, Jolin Dicbler, 102 orRcers and men.
About one-half of
Company B, Captain, James C. Austin, 48 " " "
" C, " Robert 8. Brownson, %) " " "
D, " John H. Reed, 101 " " "
*' E, •' William H. Walker, 99 " " "
G, " George L. Miles, 98
H, " John 11. Walker, 94
«' K, " D. Watson Rowe, 101 " " ♦'
The regiment was mustered out of the service at Hanisburg, on
the 20th of May, 18G3.
158th regimknt.
This regiment was from Cumberland, Franklin and Fulton coun-
ties, and was organized at Chambersburg in the early part of No-
vember, 18B2, with David B. M'Klbben, of the regular army, as
colonel ; Elias S. Troxell, of our county, as lieutenant colonel ; and
Martin C. Hale, of Cumberland county, as major. The following
companies were from our county, viz. :
Company B, Captain, Elias K. Lehman, 108 officei's and men,
D, " Archibald R. Rhea, 105 " " '»
E, " Elias S. Troxell, 104 " "
G, " Michael W. Trair, 102 " " "
" I, " WilliaraE. M'Dowell, 102 " " "
The regiment was mustered out of service at Chambersburg, Au-
gust 12th, 1863.
THREE YEARS' MEN.
161ST REGIMENT— 16th CAVALRY.
Colonel, John Irvin Gregg.
Was organized 18th November, 1862. Company H, of this regi-
ment, under command of Captain W. H. SuUenberger, was tro m
this county, and had in It two hundred and three officers and men.
It was mustered out of service at Richmond, V"a., August 7th, 1865.
162D REGIMENT— 17th CAVALRY.
This regiment was organized ISth October, 1862, under Josiah H.
Kellogg as colonel. Company G, Captain Lutlier B. Kurtz, one
hundred and forty-seven officers and men, was from our county. It
was mustered out of service August 16th, 1865.
NINE MONTHS' MEN— DRAFTED MILITIA.
165th REGIMENT,
Colonel, Charles H. Buehler.
This regiment Avas organized 6th December, 1862, at Gettysburg.
Company A, Captain Charles A. Funk, one hundred and one offi-
cers and men, was from our county. It was mustered out of service
at Gettysburg, 28th July, 1863.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. Ill
SIX MONTHS' MEN.
182d regiment— 21st CAVAIiEY.
Colonel, William H. Boyd.
This regiment was organized at Chambersburg, about August,
1863, for six months' service. The following companies were raised
in our county, viz. :
Company D, Captain Josiah C. Hullinger, 105 officers and men.
H, " Samuel Walker, 92
I, " Christian R. Pisle, 100 " " "
K, " Robert J. Boyd, 83
L, " George L. Miles, 102
In February, 1864, the regiment was reorganized for a three years'
service, under the former field and staff officers, and with the fol-
lowing company officers from our county, viz. :
Company D, Captain, Josiah C. Hullinger, 68 officers and men.
" E, " Wm. H. Boyd, Jr., in part from our county.
Company K, Captain Henry C. Phenicie, 189 officers and men.
L, " John H. Harmony, 133
The regiment was mustered out of service at Appomattox Court
House, on the 8th of July, 1865.
ONE YEARS' MEN.
201st regiment.
Colonel F. Asbury Awl.
Part of company K, Captain Alexander C. Landis, of this regi-
ment, was from our county.
205th regiment.
Colonel, Joseph A. Mathews.
Part of company G, Captain Erasmus D. Wilts, of this regiment,
was from our county.
207th regiment.
Colonel, Robert C. Cox.
This regiment was organized at Camp Curtin, September 8th, 1864.
About one-half of Company F, Captain Martin G. Hale, was from
this county. The regiment was mustered out May 13th, 1865.
209th regiment.
This regiment was organized at Camp Curtin on the 16th of Sep-
tember, 1864, with Tobias B. Kauffman as colonel ; George W.
112 Historical Skefch of Franklin Count)/.
Frederick, lii'utoiuint colom-l ; and JoJin L. Ritclu-j-, of our county,
as major. It had in it from our county the company of Captain
John L. Ritcliey, ninety-two ofTieers and men. The regiment was
mustered out of service on the Slat of May, 18(55, near Alexandria,
Virginia,
210th regiment.
This regiment was organized at Camp Curtin on the 24th of Sep-
tember, 18G4, with Wilh'am Sergeant as colonel. A large part of
company D, of this regiment. Captain H. W. M'Kniglit. was from
our county, and there were also many men from this county in the
other companies of the regiment. The regiment was mustered out
of the service May 30th, 1SG5.
INDEPENDENT BATTEUY B.
Captain, Charles F. Muehler.
Captain, Alanson J. Stevens.
A large part of this battery was recruited in our county for the
seventy-seventh regiment liy Captain Peter B. Housum, and on his
promotion to the lieutenant colonelcy of the seventy-seventh,
the men were transferred to the company of Captain Muehler, and
mustered into service November 6th, 1861. Captain Stevens was
killed at the battle of Murfreesboro,and Captain Samuel M. M'Dow-
ell succeeded to the command. It was mustered out of service Oc-
tober 12th, 1865.
MILITIA AND EMERGENCY TROOPS.
INDEPENDENT COMPANIES.
Captain John Jeffries; ninety-four officers and men. Organized
September oth, 1862. Discharged September 27th, 1862.
Captaiii John \V. Douglas; eighty-five officers and men. Organ-
ized September 1st, 1862. Discharged September 16th, 1862.
Captain James H. Montgomery ; eighty-nine officers and men.
Organized September 8th, 1862. Discharged September 20th, 1862.
Captain George W. Eyster ; sixty-two officers and men. Organ-
ized September 12th, 1862. Discharged October 1st, 1862.
Captain John Denny Walker; sixty-tive officers and men. Or-
ganized September 11th, 1862. Discharged September 27th, 1862.
Captain K. Shannon Taylor; seventy-seven officers and men.
Organized September Oth, 1862. Discharged September 25th, 1862.
Captain David Houser; seventy -seven officers and men. Organ-
ized September 15th, 1862. Discharged October 1st, 1862.
Captain Thomas L. Fletcher; eighty-four otlicersand men. Or-
ganized September 14th, 1862. Discharged October Ist, 1862.
! V
the: N£W AGR/Cl/LWRAL WORKS Of J
iV/LLOUOHBY GrM
DR0WELL8CG0: I878.gruncastle pa
If^iLL Factory.
Tage.t3S
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 113
Captain Charles W. Eyster ; one hundred and eighteen officers
and men. Organized September 14th, 1862. Discharged October
15th, 1862.
Captain David Vance ; eighty-eight officers and men. Organized
September ISth, 1862. Discharged October 11th, 1862.
Captain Andrew M. Criswell ; fifty-two officers and men. Or-
ganized September 15th, 1862. Discharged October 1st, 1862.
Captain Christian C. Foltz; forty-seven officers and men. Or-
ganized September 11th, 1862. Discharged September 2oth, 1862.
Total aggregate of officers and men, four thousand nine hundred.
MINERALS AND FURNACES.
Franklin county is exceedingly rich in iron ore&j^far more so, in-
deed, than most people here or elsewhere imagine— and the manufac-
ture of iron was commenced both on the eastern and on the western
side of the county very many years ago. As early as 178n, as before
stated, William, Benjamin and George Chambers erected the Mount
Pleasant furnace, in Path valley, and by industry, perseverance and
good judgment, made the business not only remunerative to them-
selves, but highly advantageous to the people of the surrounding
districts. Everything necessary to the economical production of
iron, save coal, abounds in close proximity to our ore bed.-^ ; and I
have heard a gentleman who has long'bet-n engaged in the manu-
facture of iron, and who has visited and carefully inspected the
great iron producing regions of the country, and who is qualified
by his experience to judge, declare that nowhere, in the whole
range of his observation, does he know of any section of country
that is richer in its iron ore deposits, or that offijrs greater induce-
ments to the investment of capital in the iron business, than the
county of Franklin. In his opinion, long before another genera-
tion shall have passed away, there will be dozens of furnaces and
forges in our county, where now only one or two are to be found ;
that millions of dollars will be invested as soon as the trade of the
country returns to its normal condition, where only thousands are
now invested ; and that long before the second centennial of our
national existence shall have arrived, the development of the vast
ore beds along the eastern and western- borders of our valley will
most inevitably make ours one of the very largest iron producing
counties of the Commonwealth. The iron made at our iron works,
particularly that made at Stevens' old Caledonia works, and at
Hughes' old works, now the Mont Alto works, has always main-
tained an excellent reputation, and commanded ready sales, at re-
munerative prices, because of its peculiar excellencies ; and there is
no reason why that reputation shall not be maintained in the future.
"Hughes' Furnace," now the property of the Mont Alto company,
was built by Daniel and Samuel Hughes, in 1808. It was cold blast,
15
114 HiHfoHcal Sketch of Fran/din Coiinfj/.
mid wan wliat was known as a <juarter stack. The water wheol used
was 30 tVet in ilianieter and throe feet breast. The product was from
eighteen to twenty tons of pig iron i)er week. The iron was hauled
by wagons to tiie Potomac river at Williamsport, Maryland, and
thence taken b\' boat* to market. ISlo a foundry was built, and the
entire product of the works was made into liollow ware and stoves
and hauled by wagons to l^aitimore. In 1882 Mr. Huglies built a
rolling mill on the West Antietum creek. Tlie wheel was thirty-
six feet diameter and sixteen feet bieast. In 18oo a nail works was
also built near the rolling mill. In IS64 the Mont Alto Iron compa-
ny purchased the works and seventeen thousand acres of land. They
enlarged the furnace, changed from water to steam power, and in-
troduced new machinery. In 1866 they abandoned the old forges
and rolling mill, and built a steam bloom forge near the furnace, the
second largest of the kind in the state. Tlie product of the furnace
is now one hundred tons per week, the largest known of any fur-
nace of the same size, and using the same percentage of iron ores.
In 1867 charcoal kilns were introduced, the first succes.rful ones in
Pennsylvania. In prosperous times the company emjiloy five hun-
dred men, seventy-five liorses and mules, and run fifteen steam
engines.
The Mont Alto Railroad company, between April and October,
1872, with home labor entirely, built a railroad from the Cumberland
Valley railroad, near Scotland, to the worlds of the Mont Alto Iron
company, twelve and thirty one-hundredths miles long, at a cost of
two hundred and thirty-six thousand six hundred dollars, wliich is
regularly run twice a day, for the carrying of passengers anil freight,
and which has been of great convenience to the travelinjr public
and to the iron company. They have also within the past three
years opened up the gap, in the mouth of which their works stand,
and laid out at great expense a beautiful summer resort, under the
name of "Mont Alto Park." Every convenience has been provided
for pic-nics an(i parties of pleasure seekers; and those who have
once enjiiyed the cool sliades and delights of the place will not fail
to return to them again.
"Kichmond Furnace," formerly "Mount Pleasant," is the oldest
iron works in the county, having been established in 1783. It was
purchased from Daniel V. Ahl, by a company styled "The South-
ern Pennsylvania Iron and Railroad company," who built a new
anthracite furnace about the year 1S71, and constructed a railroad
from the Cumberland Valley railroad, near Marion, to their works,
nineteen miles in length, with a branch road to Mercersburg, over
two miles long, the wliole improvement costing, including the in-
dividual subscription, over seven hundi-ed thousand dollars. The
original company became embarrassed, and their works, franchises,
&c., were sold out, and a new company organized in the year 1873,
Historiccd Sketch of Franklin County. 115
under the name of "Southern Pennsylvania Railway and Mining
company," of which Thomas B. Kennedy, Esq., is president. The
furnace is not now in operation. When run to its full capacity, it
employs about two hundred men. and turns out about fifty tons of
iron per weeli.
The "Franklin Furnace," situated near St. Thomas, in St. Thomas
township, was built in the year 1828, by P. & G. Housum. It is
now owned and carried on by Messrs. Hunter & Springer, and when
in full blast, has a capacity of from forty to fifty tons of cold blast
charcoal iron per week, and employs about seventy-five hands.
"Carrick Furnace" is situated in Metal township, Path Valley,
about four miles south of Faunettsburg. -It was built by General
Samuel Dunn, in the year 1828. It is now carried on by R. M.
Shalter, and manufactures about thirty tons of iron per week.
We have also in the railroads now in operation, and in those pro-
jected and destined to be naade at no very distant day, every facility
for the easy, cheap, and speedy transportation of our iron products,
north, south, east and west; and it only requires that our country
shall get over its present monetary depression, and ti'ade and busi-
ness once more have resumed their natural activities, to show that
these opinions and predictions of my friend are true (in fact) and
not merely the unwarranted conclusions of an incompetent judge.
Though chiefly an agricultural section of the Commonwealth, our
county has steadily, if not rapidly, progressed in everything that
pertains to the happiness and prosperity of her people. The lauds
within our borders have been largely cleared ; thoroughly cultivated;
and improved in the most substantial manner ; and have corres-
pondingly enhanced in value, and now no people in any of the nu-
merous counties of this great Commonwealth are better housed and
provided for in every respect ; live better or more comfortably than
do our people, and none, either agricultural, commercial, or me-
chanical, have suffered less, or lost less, from the great financial
storms that have recently swept over the land, and left desolation,
ruin and woe in their tracks, than have the people of this county.
CHANGES IN POPULATION.
When our county was first settled the Scotch-Irish element was,
as before stated, largely in the preponderance. Fully nine-tenths of
our citizens then were of that nationality, interspersed with a few
Scotch and English, and Germans. The former then filled all our
offices of honor, of trust, and of profit. They were our law-makers,
and our leaders in times of peace, and in the perils and dangers of
war ; and to their credit be it said, that they discharged their duties
nobly, and honorably, and well. They have died off*, and their de-
scendants, in very many instances, have abandoned the avocations
J16 HiHtovkal Shdcli of l-r<tnf:Hn Couiifi/.
wiiicli tlic'ir Ibrefatliors (k'ligliti.'d in of tillinj^ tlie.soil, and ni;»Uin<j:
the waste places to blossom as the rose, and have betaken them-
selves to the pursuit of wealth and haj^piness in other channels,
such as merchandize, medicine, divinity and law. The plodding,
pains-taking, economical, law-abiding and stendy-going Germans
have taken their places, and now, thousamls of acres, and lumdreds
of farms, that fifty years ago were tiie i)osses.sions of the descend-
ants of those who were their first owners, under titles from the pro-
prietaries or the colonial authorities, know them no more. Their
veiy names are almost forgotten in the land for which they did so
much, and suffered so many privations; and if remembered at all,
it is because of some deed of daring or act of bravery, that has gone
upon the pages of history, and will serve to keep them in grateful
remembrance long after all personal I'ecollections of them shall have
passed away in the regions in which they lived, and acted, and
died.
OUR "men of mark" in politics.
In this free countrj'' we are all sovereigns by l)irth, and the highest
office in the gift of the people is open to the humblest son of the
land. Each and every native born citizen has an equal right to as-
pire thereto, and to all the other high places of honor and profit under
the government. And the very fact that a man has thus been
trusted and honored, and elevated by the people, has ever been con-
sidered as honoring the district of country in which he was born.
Viewed in this light Franklin county is entitled to a full share of
the honors attaching to the great men of the nation.
James Buchanan, the fifteenth President of the United States, was
born in our county, on the 23d day of April, 1791. His birth place
was a wild and romantic spot in the gorge of the Cov , or North
mountain, about four miles west of Mercernburg. Previous to his
elevation to the Presidency he had served ten years in the House of
Representatives of the United States; and ten years in the Senate
of the United States ; had been Minister to Rus Ja ; Secretary of
State for the United States, and Minister to England.
William Findlay, the fourth Governor of Pennsylvania, was born
at Mercersburg, in our county, on the 20th of June, 1768. In 1797
he was elected to the House of Represent Atives of Pennsylvania
from this county ; and re-elected in 1804-'05-'06 and '07. On the
13th of January, 1807, he was elected State Treasurer by the Legis-
lature, whereujion he resigned his seat in the House ; arid from that
date until the 2d of December, 1817, a period of neai'ly eleven years,
he was annually re-elected State Treasurer, in several instances by a
unanimous vote. In 1817 Mr. Findlay was elected Governor by the
Republicans, and resigned the Treasurer's ofHce on the 2d of Decem-
ber of that year. He filled the gubernatorial chair for three years,
Historical SJcelch of Franklin County. 117
was re-nominated in 1S20, and beaten by Joseph Heister. At the
session of the Legislature in 1821-'22, he was elected to the United
States Senate for the full term of six years, and after the expiration
of his Senatorial service he was appointed by President Jackson,
Treasurer of the United States Mint at Philadelphia, wliich position
he held until the accession of General Harrison to the Presidency,
when he resigned.
During his term as United States Senator his brother. Colonel
John Findlay, was the representative of this congressional district,
in the lower house, for the years 1819 to 1827, and his brother, Gen-
eral James Find ay, represented the Cincinnati district of Ohio,
from 1825 to 1833, thus presenting the unusual spectacle of three
brothers sitting in the Congress of the United States at one time,
a spectacle only once paralleled in the history of the government,
namely, by the Washburn brothers, within the last few years.
Robert M'CIellaiid was born in Greencastle, in this county, on the
1st of August, 1807. In 1831 he was admitted to practice the law in
our courts, but removed to Pittsburg, and from thence, in 1833, to
Monroe, in the then territory of Michigan. In 1838 he was elected
to the State Legislature of his adopted State, and was elected Speaker
of the House of Representatives in 1843. In the same year he was
elected a member of Congress, and was re-elected in 1845 and 1847.
In 1850 he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of Mich-
igan. In 1851 he was elected Governor of the State, and was subse-
quently re-elected. In 1853 he was appointed by President Pierce
Secretary of the Interior, which position he retained during the
administration of President Pierce.
William Maclay, a native of our county, was a member of the
Senate of t^e United States from this State, for the years 1789 to
1791.
Samuel Maclay, also a native of our county, was a Representa-
tive in the lower House of Congress from 1795 to 1797, and a mem-
ber of the Senate, of the United States, from this State, from 1808 to
1808, when he resigned.
John Maclay, also a native of our county, was a magistrate in
colonial times, and was a member of the Carpenter's Hall Confer-
ence, at Philadelphia, "" om Cumberland county, in June, 1776. He
was also a member of the Legislature fi'om this county for the years
1791-'92, and 1793-94. He died in Lurgan township.
. These gentlemen were brothers, born in Lurgan township, in our
county, and received their education at a classical school taught by
Rev. John Blair, pastor of the three "Spring" churches, wliicli
was probably the first school of that character in the Cumberland
Valley. A¥illiam removed to Harrisburg and married a daughter
of John Harris, and died there in 1804. Samuel Maclay removed
118 Historical Sketch of F''r(inf:fin Coimfif.
to Mirtlin county at the close of tlie revolution, ainl tilled a number
of important local oltices there prior to his election to Conj^ress.
8iephen Ailams, also a native of our county, removed, at an early
age, to the State of Mississippi, where he was subsequently elected
to the House of Representatives of the United States, ami also to-
the Senate of the United States.
The foliowinji; jijentlemen, natives of our county, served in the
House of Representatives c>f the United States, and in the other
positions indicated, viz. : James M'Lene, served in Coni^ress in
177y-'80, was a member of the Provincial Conference of Pennsyl-
vania held at Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, on the 2.jth of .Juner
1770 ; was a raentber of the convention that formed the constitution
of 1776, for the Slate of Pennsylvania; a member of the Supreme-
Executive Council of Pennsylvania, from Cumberland county, from
November 9th, 1778. to December 2Sth,1779; was elected to and
served in the Council of Censors, from October, 1783, to October,
1784; was elected in October, 1784, a member of the Supreme Exec-
utive Council from this county, and served for three years ; and was-
also a representative from this county, in the convention of 1789,
which formed the State Constitution of 1790; he was also a member
of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania from this Cf»unty
in the sessions of 1787-'88-1788-'89-1790-'91, and 1793-'94. He died
March 13th, 1806, and was buried at the Brown's mill graveyard.
John Rea, a native of this county, represented the Franklin and
Bedford district in Congress from 1803 to 1811, being the 8th, 9th,
loth, and 11th Congresses. He was also in the 13th Congress, in
the years 1813 and 1815. He was also the first Coroner of the county,
elected in October, 1784, and served in the House of Representatives
of Pennsylvania, for the years 1 785-' 86-1 789-' 90-1 792-' 93-1 796-' 97-
l797-'98 and 1800-1801 ; and was in the Senate of Pennsylvania from
1823 to 1824, when he resigned, and James Dunlop was elected in his
place.
William Maclay, also a native of our county, represented the
Franklin, Adams and Cumberland district in Congress for two terms,
from 1815 to 1819. He had previously represented this county iu
the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania, for the years 1808
and 1809. He died in 1825.
David Fullerton was elected to Congress from this district in 1819,
and took his seat at the opening of the first session of the sixteenth
Congress, December 6th, 1819, He I'esigned in the summer of 1820.
He afterwards represented this county in the State Senate from 1827
to 1839.
Thomas G. M'Culloh succeeded him, and filled out his term in
Congress. Mr. M'Culloh also represented our county in the House
of Representatives of the State in the sessions of lS31-'32-1832-'33
and 1834-'3o.
Historical Skelch of FrcmJclln 'Count ij. 11^
John Findlay, of our county, represented this district in Congress
from 1821 to 1S27.
James Findlay, his brother, also of our county, was in Congress
from the Cincinnati district of Ohio, from 1825 to 1833.
Hon. Alexander Thompson, who was a native of this county,
represented tlie Bedford district in Congress in 1824-'26, He was
subsequently our President Judge from 1827 to 1842.
John Thompson, also born in our county, was a member of Con-
gress from Ohio from 1825 to 1827, and from 1829 to 1837.
Thomas Hartley Crawford, a native of Ciiambersbui*g, wrs in
Congress from this district from 1828 to 1832. He also represented
the county in the lower branch of the Legislature in 1833-'34. Was
Commissioner of Indian Affairs and Judge of the Criminal Court
of the District of Columbia for many years.
George Chambers, also a native of our town, was a representative
of (his district in (Congress from 1832 to 1836. Was a delegate to the
convention that framed the constitution of 1888, and a Justice of the
Supreme Court of Pennsylvania by appointment from Governor
Johnston from April 12th to December, 1851.
James X. M'Lanahan, was born in Antrim townsiiip, in this coun-
ty, in 1809. He served in the Senate of Pennsylvania from this dis-
trict in 1842-'43 and '44, and represented the district in Congress from
1848 to 1852.
David F. Robinson, also a native of Antrim township, i-epresented
our district in Congress for tire years 1854 and 1856.
Wilson Reilly, a native of Quiney (formerly Wasliington) town-
ship, in this county, represented this district in Congress in the
years 1857 and 1858.
Hon. John A. Ahl, who a few years since represented the Cum-
berland district in Congress, was born at Strasburg, in our county.
His father was a physician, resident there many years ago, and
engaged in the practice of his profession.
Hon. Wm. S. Steuger, our i^resent representative in Congress, was
born at Loudon, in this county, on the 13th day of February, A. D.
1840. He was three times elected District Attorney of our county,
and held and discharged the duties of the office from 1863 to 1872.
Hon. William A. Piper, a member of the present House of Repre-
sentatives of the United States from the State of California, was
born in Amberson's Valley, Fannett township, in our county, in the
year 1825.
Hon. Alexander Campbell, a member of the present House of
Representatives of the United States, from the State of Illinois, was
also born at Concord, Fannett township, in our county, on the 4th of
October, 1814.
120 Historical Sketch of Franfdin C'oanfi/.
There are no doubt otliers w ho were born in our county wlio from
otlier States and Territories held places in the National govern-
ment, but I have not had the time nor the opportunity to look \\\>
their records. These names have been obtained through a cursory
examination of some of the journals of Confi;ress, and from other
sources.
Besides these, our county h;is furnished Speakers to both branches
of our State Legislature in the persons tjf Hon. Thomas Carson, in
the Senate, anil Hon. Frederick Smith, and Hon. .John Rowe, in
the House. The lutter also held from oth May, 18-')7, to 1st May,
1860, the important and responsible position of Surveyor General
of our Commonwealth.
Mesisrs. James M'Lene and Abraham Smith, who represented our
county in the Supreme Executive Council of the State from 17S4 to
1790, were both natives of the county and residents in Antrim town-
ship. The latter, if I am correctly informed, was a brother of Wil-
liam Smith, the founder of Mereersburg. He was Lieutenant of
Cumberland county (or the years 17S0-'S1 and '82, and I am satisfied
that he was a member of the House of Re})resentatives from our
county in the sessions of 1784-'85-'85-'86 and '86-'87. He was then,
and continued to be until April, 1803, the owner of a tract of near
three hundred and fifty acres of land in Antrim township, which in
1803, he sold to Jacob Snively, of that township, when he removed
to Mereersburg, where he died. An examination of the assess
books of the county from 1780 to 1704 shows also that he was
taxed in Antrim township for three hundred and thirty acres of
land, and horses andother cattle, all these years, and that he was the
only man of his name assessed in the county. He was appointed
Lieutenant of Franklin county on the 7th of April, 1785; was
elected to and served in the Supreme Executive Council from 1787
to 1790; was a member of the State convention that formed the
State constitution of 1790, and rejiresented the Senatorial district,
composed of Franklin and Bedford counties, in our State, for the
years 1790 to 1794. In his deed to Jacob Snively he is styled Colonel
Abraham Smith, a title most i^robably attached to his former posi-
tions as Lieutenant of the County, as it is not claimed that he did
any military service, and a comparison of his signature to that deed
with the signature of Abraham Smith, Lieutenant of Cumberland
county in 1781, shows that they were written by one and the same
person.
From 1790 to 187G, covering a period of eighty-six years, twenty-
four persons have represented our county in the State Senate. Of
these just one half (12j, viz. : Abraham Smith, Thomas Johnston,
James Foe, Archibald Rankin, Robert Smith, John Rhea, James
Dunlap, David Fullerton, James X. M'Lanahan, Thomas Carson,
George W. Brewer and Calvin M. Duncan were natives of our coun-
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 121
ty : and two others— A. K. M'Clure and Chambers M'Kibben— were
residents of the county at the times of their election.
It is worthy, also, of a passing notice, that the two gentlemen who
have filled the position of Clerk of the House of Representatives of
the United States for terms longer than any others, should have
been natives of adjoining counties, Franklin and Adams, in our
State. Matthew St. Clair Clark was born at Greencastle, in our
county, was admitted at our bar in 1811, and practiced the law here
for several years ; was elected Clerk of the House of Representatives
December 3d, 1822, and served until December 2d, 1833, and was
elected again May 31st. 1841, and served until December 6th, 1843,
making a total service of twelve years, six months and six days, the
longest period the office has ever been held by one person. He was
a whole-souled, genial fellow, an intimate associate of Clay, Web-
ster, Calhoun, and all the great men who sat in Congress during his
period of service,
Edward M'Pherson is a native of Adams county, and after serving
this district for two terms in Congress, filled the ofliee of Clerk of
the House of Representatives for six consecutive Congresses— or
from 1863 to 1875— being twelve years. Mr. M'Pherson's was there-
fore the longest continuous service ; Mr. Clark's the longest actual
service.
Why may not we, as Pennsylvanians, and as citizens of Franklin
county, justly feel proud when we look over this roll of "men of
mark," and rightfully claim a portion of the honor that their deeds
has reflected upon their country ?
OUR " LOST ARTS."
In the earlier years of our county's existence there were quite a
number of trades and occupations carried on in various parts of the
county that have long since been wholly abandoned, or are now
very feebly continued. This result is owing mainly to the improve-
ments made in the last one hundred years in machinery, whereby
the great majority of the articles that were formerly made by hand
are now turned out with the aid of machinery much more rapidly,
more perfect, and greatly cheaper than they could be made at the
present day in the old way.
In the year 1787 a man named Mulholland commenced the
manufacture of potash at Strasburg, which he continued till his
death, in 1S08.
In the year 1789 Patrick Campbell and Morrow engaged in
the same business at Chambersburg, and continued it until 1797,
when the firm was changed to Patrick & Terance Campbell. They
had their manufactory in the stone house near the west end of the
Wolfstown bridge.
16
122 Jlistoricaf Sketch of Franklin Couniij.
From about ISOO or ISOo to 1S25, Williuiu Druek.s and Anthony
Van Pool mnnufactured iron shovels and pans, in Greencastle, did
a large business, and made considerable money.
The manufacture of mill-stones was established in Chambershurg
about the year 1792, by James Falkner, Jr., and was extensively
conducted for many years. The stones were brouf::ht here in the
rough, upon wagons, were then shMped up and put together, and
larjje numbers sold in the county, and to other points further west,
to those having neetl for them.
In 182(» George Walker and George lloupe carried on a " burr
mill-stone manufactory' " on the Baltimore turnpike, about two
miles east of Chambersburg.
Andrew Cleary also manufactured mill-stones in Chambersburg
as late as 1829, he being the last person who carried on the business
in the county. His shop was on West Market street None of these
avocations are now carried on in our county that I know of.
In the latter part of the last century and in the earlier years of
this century there were quite a number of oil mills in various sec-
tions of the county, where oil was regularly manufactured from flax
seed, much of which wasannuallj' raised by the farming community.
There may yet be some places in the countj' where this business
is carried on, but I do not know their locality if such there be.
Flax niills were also quite numerous in those early days, where
the hemii raised by the farmers was broken and preimred for use.
For one oil or hemp mill that can now be found grinding or pound-
ing away, there were ten then.
In the last century there were few, if any, cut nails used. Almost
all nails were then made by hand, upon the anvil, out of the iron
bar. Every blacksmith did more or less of such work, and was
looked to by his neighbors to suj^ply them with ail the nails they
needed for fencing, shingling, house building, &c. Early in the cen-
tury Hugh and Michael Green field established a large nail factory at
Chambersburg, where thej' made all kinds of nails by hand. Their
shop stood on the lot on which the Foundry of T. B. Wood & Co.
now stands. In the year 1S19 the^' declined the business, and handed
over the shop to John 11. Greenfield & Co., who continued it until
about 1820.
From 1808 to 1810 or 1812, there was a nail factory carried on by
the County Commissioners in the Jail, the prisoners being the work-
men. Large sums of money were annually paid to Col. Samuel
Hughes, bj' the county, for ii-on to be manufactured into nails in the
county nail shops.
In the year 1814 Messrs. Brown & Watson established their "Con-
ococheague Rolling Mill and Nail Factory." They made rolled
iron, cut nails, brads, sprigs, &c., and were, I think, the first manu-
facturers of cut nails in our county.
Historical Sketch of FranJdin County. 123
In the year 1821 Christian Etter commenced ihe manufacture of
cut nails in Chambersburg. His manufactory was located "on the
north side of the Falling Spring, opposite the English Presbyterian
church.
Thomas Johns commenced the manufacture of augers of all sizes
at Chambersburg, at a very early day. They were made by hand,
out of flat bars of iron, were twisted in the common vise, the edges
filed down and burnished upon a large emery wheel, and the inner
surface of the twist Avas painted black. It required considerable
skill and experience to make a perfect article.
William Ferry also subsequently followed the same business ex-
tensively for many years He had his manufactory at his dwelling
on West Market street.
Philip Sholl, at a very early period, carried on at Chambersburg,
the manufacture of cards for fulling mills, and for all other purposes.
George Faber, also, at a later period, followed the same business
quite extensively. For man^? years he had his "card factory" on
the lot where the Gillan property now stands, on West Market
street, opposite Miller's Hotel. Mr. Faber gave employment to
many females at "setting" or sticking cards. That work was then
all done by hand, and it is said that many even of the better class
of our females did not disdain to take work from Mr. Faber, and
thus earn an honest jjenny. In after years he invented an ingenious
ixiachine for sticking his cards, and did away with female labor. He
removed to Pittsburg about the year 1824.
Glove making was also carried on at this point for many years by
a man named Rians, and others.
About tlie year 1794, Anthony Snider commenced the manufac-
ture of scythes and sickles where the upper brewery of David Wash-
abaugh formerly stood, on West King street.
John and Thomas Johns, about the year 1812, commenced the
manufacture of sickles and scythes in Chambersburg, and carried
on the business largely and successfully for a long time, down to
near 1820. Their factory was in "Kerrstown," on South Main street,
on the lot south of Heart's pottery.
In the year 1820 a man named Jacob Smith commenced the man-
ufacture of tacks of all sizes at Chambersburg. Each tack was made
by hand, as no machinery for their manufacture had then been in-
vented, or if invented had not been introduced here.
The manufacture of hats, which were then all made of wool and
furs of various fineness, was early commenced at various points in
our county. John M'Clintock carried on in Waynesboro in 1810;
John Rowe, Jacob Krepps and John Weitzel about the same time at
Greencastle; John M'Murdy and Thomas Carson at Mercersburg;
and Jacob Deckert and others at Chambersburg. In the year 1815,
Mr. M'Clintock removed from Waynesboro to Chambersburg, and
124 Historical Sketch of Fran/din Counttj.
for many years these gentlemen and others at other j)()ints in the
county carried on the trade quite extensively. Now there is not a
wool or fur hat made in the county. The seething "k(>ttle" no
longer sends up its steam clouds towards Heaven, its "planks" are
riven and dry, the twanii: of the "bow" no longer is heard o'er the
"hurl," and the song of the jolly "jour" at the midnight hour
disturl)s not the repose of ttie guardians of the night. For
thirty years past, since the introduction of silk and machinery, the
shiny "stove pipe" has supplanted the easy wool and felt of our
fathers' time, and the business has been wholly abandoned, except
here and there, where large factories exist.
Copper-smithing, too, is a calling almost wholly abandunod in our
county. In former years it was laigely and profitably carried on
here by Jacob Heyser and others. INIr. Heyser came liere from Ha-
gerstown in the spring of 1794; at the same time William Baily, Jr.,
was carrying on the business in the shop occupied by his father for
a number of years previously. Now copper stills and kettles and
other articles are kept for sale by all our tinners and stove dealers,
but they are generally obtained from abroad, from those who make
them with the aid of the latest and most approved machinery.
Wagon making and Mhip making were, for many years, carried
on most extensively at Loudon, in our county, after the completion
of the turnpike to Pittsburg, and the fame of Loudon's manufac-
tures had spread far and wide over both the east and the west. Now
there is not one wagon or one whip made at Loudon, where fifty
years ago there were one hundred made.
The old fiimily "spinning wheel," and the "domestic loom," by
the aid of which our ancestors, one hundred years ago, were used
to manufacture their yarn and thread, and weave the "linsey wool-
sey" worn by their wives and daughters, and the corn-colored cloth
worn by themselves, are now almost forgotten. They are "centen-
nial curiosities'' in the present day, and few of our young i)eople
know even what these machines look like, and fewer know how to
use them.
OUR TOWNSHIPS.
I have Ijeen very desirous of ascertaining, if possible, when the
various townships in our county were organized and out of what
territory they were severally created. The territory now embraced
in Franklin county was first in Chester county until Maj' 10th, 1729,
when Lancaster county was fo:med; then in I>ancaster county
until January 29th, 1750, when Cumberland county was tbrmed ;
and then in Cumberland county until September 9th, 1784, when the
act creating our county was passed.
The first authenticated action I have been able to find, looking to
the bringing of this valley under the operation of the laws of the
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 125
State, was the order of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Lancaster
county, made at November sessions, 173o# as before stated, dividing
the valley into tivo townships — the easternmost to be called Penns-
borough and the western Hopewell. This was done before the ex-
tinguishment of the Indian title to the land, which was effected b.y
the treaty with the Five Nations, at Philadelphia, October 11th,
1736. The government and the Indians had been upon good terms
for years before, and both parties encouraged settlers to come hither,
the agents of the Proprietaries giving them special licenses to take
up lands as early as 1734.
The division line between Pennsborough and Hopewell townships,
as has already been stated, crossed the valley at the "Big Spring,"
about where Newville now is, and all the land from Newville to the
Maryland line was thereafter in Hopewell township, Lancaster
county, until May sessions, 1741, when "upon the application of the
inhabitants of th^ township, presented by Richard O'Cain, Esq.,
the Court of Quarter Sessions of Lancaster county erectetl the town-
ship of Antrim by dividing the township of Hopewell by a line
substantially the same as that now dividing Franklin and Cumber-
land counties, as has been hereinbefore shown. The territory thus
formed into the new township of Antrim, was identical with ihat
now embraced in our county, with the exception of the Little Cove,
or Warren township, and the townships of Fannett and Metal.
I have personally examined the records of Cumberland county
with great care, and I have had the records of Lancaster county
examined in like manner, by a gentleman of the Bar resident there ;
but we have been unable to obtain any satisfactory information as
to the time when, or the territory owi! of wA^■eA the townships of Lur-
gan, Peters, Guilford and Hamilton were formed. I incline to the
belief that Lurgan was created by order of the Court of Lancaster
county, but no record thereof can be found. And if the other three
townships were created by the action of the courts of Cumberland
county, they must have been organized immediately after that
county was erected, though no record of their formation has as yet
been found. I therefore give but the earliest dates at which I have
been able to find mention of them.
ANTRIM— 1741.
Antrim township was undoubtedly named after the county of
Antrim, Ireland, from whence many of the early settlers of this
valley came. Out of its original territory all our townships, except
Warren, Metal and Fannett, have been made, and still it is the larg-
est and wealthiest township in the county. In the year 1734 Joseph
Crunkleton obtained his license, and in the year 1735 he, Jacob
Snively, James Johnston and James Roddy made settlements.
12(5 JliHforical Sketch of Frdiiklia Connti/.
Mr. C'runkU'ton settled upon the laiula now ovvnul by Bonjirnuti
Snively Hnd David Eshleivan, about two mileseast of where Greon-
eastlo now stands. Mr. Snively upon the farm so lon>jr the residence
of Andrew Snively, dtrc'd. Mr. Johnston on the lands now owned
by Christian Stover and Henry VVhitniore, and Mr. Roddy oji the
farm now owned by Andrew U. M'Lanahan, Esij., situali-d u\nn\
the Conoeochert«;ue creek. They were among tlie first, if not the
very tirst settlers in tlie townshij), and had many Indians lor their
neighbors when they first located.
The settlement early took the name of " The Conocoeheague Set-
tlement," and being fed from the older counties and the Old World,
was of rapi(i growth. A Presbyterian church was organized as early
as 1737 or 1738, under the name of " Tlie East Conocoeheague Pres-
byterian Church." Their first church editice, known as the "lied
Church," was erected at "Moss Sjjring," three-fourths of a mile east
of Greencastle, and there they worshij»ped until the erectioi) of the
present cliurch in Greencaslle, in the year 1830.
In the year 1772, or ten years before Greencastle was laid out, John
Crunk leton laid out a town on the road leading from the Conoco-
eheague Settlement (now Greencastle) towards where Waynesboro
now is, about two miles east of Greencastle, and named the town
Crunkleton. Lots were sold subject to an annual quit rent ; three
houses were built, one of which was kept as a tavern by George Clark,
and in another a store was kept by John Lawrence. James Clark,
one of the former Canal Commissioners of our State, passed his
youth there. The town never got bej^ond its three houses; two of
these have been removed, the street and the town plot merged into
the farm of Benjamin Snively, Esq. Its very name is almost for-
gotten, and strangers pass over its site without seeing any evidences
that there a town once existed.
LURGAN — 1743.
I cannot tell certainly from what this townshi]^ took its name.
Most likely it was called after the town of Lurgan, in the county of
Armagh, province of Ulster, Ireland, eighteen miles south-west of
the city of Belfast, the birth-place of James Logan, the secretary of
William Penn, and President of the Supreme Executive Council in
1736-'38.
It originally extended across the eastern end of our county,
from the top of the South mountain to the to2> of the Kittatinny
mountain, and embraced all the territory now within the townships
of Lurgan, Letterkenny, Green nnd Southampton. The earliest
date at which I could find mention of it among the records of Cum-
berland county is in 1751, but an original deed for certain lands in
Green township has been shown me, dated December 1, 1753, in
CHAMBERSBURQ. PA .
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 127
which it is set forth that the warrant for the land therein mentioned
had been issued in 1743, and that it was then in Lurgan township,
Lancaster county. Whetlier it ever extended eastward further than
the present boundary of Cumberland county, I cannot say. Being
the most eastern portion of our county, it was early settled. The
original settlers were chiefly Scotch-Irish, though some Germans
were also found in the township at a very early period. The "Mid-
dle Spring Presbyterian Church" was organized about the year 1740.
Their church edifice stands but a short distance east of the county
line in Cumberland count3^
A Scotch-Irishman of the name of Thomas Pomeroy was one of
the earliest settlere in this township. One of his early ancestors
was a French Huguenot, and, at the time of the massacre of Saint
Bartholomew's day, in. 1572, he was engaged in teaching a classical
school in Paris. He escaped from the city on that terrible night,
and with some other Huguenots crossed over to Ireland, where he
settled. Nearly one hundred and fifty years afterwards Thomas
Pomeroy, before mentioned, one of his descendants, left Ireland,
the place. of his birth, and removed to Liverpool, England, where
he engaged in commercial pursuits. From thence he emigrated to
America early in the eighteenth century, and located in Lurgan
township, about two miles east of where the town of Roxbury now
stands, on a small stream, which rises in the neighboring mountains
and is now known asRebuck's run. Pie was the great-great-grand-
father of John M. Pomeroy, Esq., of our town. There he raised a
large family, and died about the beginning of the revolutionary
war. His son Thomas, the great-grandfather of John M., was there
born in the year 1733, and settled near the ancestral home, living
happily, and prosperously with his increasing family. On the
morning of the 21st of July, 1763, Thomas Pomeroy left his home
for the purpose of hunting deer. Returning after a short absence
he found his wife and two children dead, having been tomahawked
and scalped by a small party of lurking savages, who were doubt-
less concealed nearby when he went away, A Mrs. Johnson, an
inmate of the house, had an arm broken, her skull fractured, and
the scalp torn off her head. She was left for dead, but showing
signs of life, was removed to Shippensburg, where she received medi-
cal aid. The bodies of these victims of fiendish cruelty were buried
a short distance from the place of their murder, in a spot of ground
on which the barn belonging to the late John A. Rebuck was sub-
sequently erected.
PETERS— 1751.
This township was evidently named after Richard Peters, who
figured so conspicuously in Colonial times in this State as the Sec-
retary of the Colonial Governors Thomas, Palmer, Hamilton, Mor-
12S IliKforicdl Sketch of FrioikUn Coantif.
lis and Denny, from 1743 to 170:2. It appears first in tiio roconls of
Cumberland eounty in the year 1751, and was most likely created by
the courts of that county after its organization in 1750. It then em-
braced all the territory in the present tovvnshij)s of Peters and
Montfiomery, and also all that part of the present township of St.
Thomas west of Campbell's run. Its earliest settlers were also
chiefly Scotch-Irish, as is evidenced by their names, viz. : the
Campbells, Wilsons, M'Clellands, M'Dowells, Welshs. Smiths,
M'Kinneys, &c., itc, who were found in the township as early as
1730. A Presbyterian church was organized in the year 1738, under
the name of "The Upper West Conococheague Church," embrac-
ing all the territory now occupied by the congregations of Welsh
Run, Loudon and St. Thomas. The church edifice stood about two
miles northeast of where the town of Merc^rsburg now stands, and
was generally known as the "White Church." "Fort Loudon," so
well known in "ye olden time," was in this township, and was built
by Colonel John Armstrong in the year 1756. It was one of a
chain of forts built by the colonial government after the defeat of
General Braddock, to keep the Indians out of this valley.
GUILFOKD— 1751.
This townsliip also appears on the records of Cumberland county
for the first time in the year 1751, and was most likely created by
the <!ourt of that county. Its earliest settlers were mostly Irisli, or
Scotch-Irish, though there were some English among them, f
know not from whence it derived its name. There is a town called
Guildford, or Gilford in the county of Surry, England, and it is
stated in history that some of the English non-conformists of that
region, when persecuted for their religious opinions, passed over
to the Scots, in the province of Ulster, Ireland, and from thence re-
moved to America. It may be that some of them, or their descend-
ants were among the early settlers in this township, and that
through them it got its name. On the records of Cumberland coun-
ty, and in the early records of our county, the name is spelled Gil-
ford, or GiUford. I have not found that the boundaries of the
township were ever diflfereut from what they now are. The town
of Chambersburg as originally laid out, was wholly within this
township. The Presbyterian "Congregation of the Falling Spring"
was organized here about the year 1735.
HAMILTON— 1752.
This township was undoubtedly named after James Hamilton,
who was the Governor of the colony from 1748 to 1754, the very
period within which it must have been created, and also from 1754
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 129
to 1763, and from May to October, 1771. Its name first appears on
the records of Cumberland county in 1752, and most likely it was
organized by the order of the court of that county, about that time,
or in the previous year, though no record thereof has been found.
It originally embraced nearly all of the present township of St.
Thomas which lies east of Campbell's run. Its first settlers were
mostly Scotch-Irish, who made tlieir settlements at about the same
time that settlements were made in the surrounding districts.
FANNETT — 1761.
This township originally embraced the territory now within
the township of Metal. Path Valley, in which the greater part of
the township lies, was in old times called the "Tuscarora Path," and
the Indian title to the territory between the Kittochtinny moun-
tains on the east, and the Tuscarora mountain on the west, was only
extinguished by the treaty made with the Six Nations, at Easton,
on the 23d of October, 1758. Long before that period, however, set-
tlers had crowded into Path, Horse and Amberson's Valleys, at-
tracted by the beauty of the lands within them. These intrusions
are said to have commenced as early as 1744, but were in violation
of the agreement between the Colonial autliorities and the Indians,
and the latter made complaint to the government, and threatened
to redress their grievances themselves if tlie intruders were not
promptly removed. The government called upon the magistrates
of Cumberland county to redress tlie wrongs of the Indians by ex-
pelling the settlers. Accordingly, in May, 1750, Richard Peters, the
Secretary of the Governor, attended by Benjamin Chambers, Wil-
liam Maxwell, William Allison, John Finley and others, magis-
trates of the countj' of Cumberland, went over to Path Valley,
where they found many settlements. They had Abraham Slack,
James Blair, Moses Moore, Arthur Duulap, Alex, M'Cartie, David
Lewis, Adam M'Cartie, Felix Doyle, Andrew Dunlap, Robert Wil-
son, Jacob Pyatt, Wm. Ramage, Reynold Alexander, Samuel Pat-
terson, John Armstrong, John Potts and others brought before them,
who were all convicted, and put under bond to remove at once out
of the valiey with all their families,. servants and effects, and to ap-
pear at court at Carlisle and answer such charges as might be made
against them. Their houses, cabins, and other improvements were
then all burned to the ground, by order of the magistrates. After
the purchase of the land from the Indians some of these men re-
turned and located lands in the valley, and their descendants are
there yet.
The first mention that I have found of the name of this township
(Fannett) in the records of Cumberland county is in the year 1761. It
was undoubtedly organized by the order of the Court of Quarter Ses-
17
130 Jfisforif-al Sketch of Frnnldin Omnfi/.
sions of tliat county, most probuldy in that or the preceding year.
Its original shape was that of a long, narrow point; and it is said
tliat it was named by its early settlers, who were mostly Scotch-
Irish, after "Fannett Point," a promontory and light house in the
county of Donegal, Province of Ulster, Ireland.
liichard and John Coulter took uji a large body of land in the upper
end of the township, near Concord, in the year ITIB, and Francis
Ambtrson settled in tiie valley now called after him, "Amberson's
Valley," in the year 17G3. Soon afterwards Barnabas Clark, after
whom "Clark's Knob" is named, John Ward, Cromwell M'Vitty
and others also settled in the latter named valley, and their de-
scendants are now among its most prominent citizens. There are
two post offices, one large steam tannery, two churches, (one union
and one protestant Methodist), one general store, three blacksmith
shops, one cabinet-maker shop, three carpenter shops, one wheel-
wright shop, and four good school houses in this little valley.
LETTERKENN Y— ] 762.
This township was formed out of tiie southern part of Lurgan
townshii), by order of the court of Cumberland ciunty, about the
year 1760 or 1761, and then included the territory now in Greene
township. The first mention that I find of it in the records of the
Court of Quarter Sessions of that county was at March term, 1762.
What it took its name from I cannot say. Some affirm that there is
a town, or district, of the same name in Ireland, and that the early
settlers being mostly Scotch-Irish, the township was called after it.
But I have not been able to find that there is any such place in the
"Green Isle," and therefore cannot say that this statement is either
true or false. Settlements and improvements were made in that
region of the county shortly after the year 1730, though the office
rights issued and surveys made do not date back earlier than 1736,
the year the Indian title was extinguished.
John B. Kaufman, Esq., our late county surveyor, who is a native
of the township, and fully acquainted with the facts connected with
its early settlement, says: "Several surveys were made and war-
rants issued in 1736, 1744 and 1746, but they were not very numer-
ous until 1750, though we find abundant evidences prior to this
latter date thatsettlements had been made years before. When the
P'rench and Indian war became serious in 1755, and the settlers were
burnt out, or massacred, and could not remain in safety, many of
them abandoned their improvements and removed eastward into the
older settlements. Emigration was checked and almost totally
ceased until about the year 1760 or 1762. Then there was a large
influx of settlers, and by the time the revolution broke out the
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 131
farming lands both in this valley and in Horse valley were largi-ly
taken up. I cannot find either warrants or surveys in Letterkenny
township prior to 1762."
"From this date the office rights multiply rapidly, especially after
the cheaper rates of £5 sterling per hundred acres were inaugurated
under the application system. This system went into effect in 1766.
All that was necessary, as long as this law was in force, was for the
settler to make application to the Land Office for so many acres,
bounded by certain lands. An order of survey was then issaed,
and the apphcant, for a small fee for his application and order of
survey, could take up a tract not exceeding four hundred acres,
without paying for the laud a farthing, except the fees above
named, and the expenses of surveying. It was expected that the
land would be paid for after the return of the survey, and a patent
then be taken out. This, however, was frequently not done, and the
purchase money of many tracts has not yet been paid to the Com-
monwealth. The land then cost twenty-two and two-tenths cents
per acre ; hence it is not wonderful that as soon as the Indian trou-
bles ceased the lands in Letterkenny were rapidly occupied. As
this township is mostly slate land, now considered by many as in-
ferior to the limestone and freestone, or pine lands of Green, South-
ampton, Guilford, Antrim, &c., it may seem strange that the first
settlers selected the slate lands, which were often quite hilly, in
preference to the others. But when it is remembered that the slate
lands were heavily timbered, and had abundant springs and mead-
ows, and were smoother and easily cultivated ; and the limestone
lands were nearly all quite destitute of timber, were often poorly
watered, were broken by ridges of rock, and were in other respects
uninviting and barren, the reasons for their preference are easily
seen."
"Some settlers who had taken out warrants at an early day at £15 ■
10s. per one hundred acres, and paid a part of the purchase money,
afterwards, when the rates were reduced, abandoned the old warrants
and took out new ones and obtained patents on them. But as the
Scotch-Irish of those days were acttial settlers, and not speculators,
whenever they went to the trouble to obtain evidence of title they
generally lived on their lands and retained them."
"After tlie battle of Trenton some of the Hessians captured there
found their way to this vicinity, and settling here, became useful
and industrious citizens, and their descendants are amongst the most
worthy and respectable of our people."
" So much has been said in praise of the Scotch-Irish pioneer that
I will not spoil a subject so well handled and oft repeated by en-
larging upon it. And concerning the 'Dutchman,' who has taken
his place, in a great measure, he has done his part so quietly that
there is not much to say about him. When the Germans first made
132 Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
their ai)poar;inc'e the nhl pioneer did not always look upon them
with much favor, and it is said that one of them who did not like
'Hans,' wondered, reverently, of course, 'what God Almighty
meant in making the Dutchman and letting him have the best of
the land besides.' "
" But the Scotch-Irishman, sturdy and strong, upright and fear-
less, if not a very successful farmer, still performed a mission that
cannot be easily overestimated, and as a descendant of a Swiss Ger-
man, I can and do cheerfully give my meed of praise to the early
settlers of the Cumberland Valley."
Major James M'Calmont, so famous in early times as an Indian
fighter, was born near Strasburg, in this township. Because of the
massacre of certain of his neighbors and acquaintances, he became
the sworn enemy of the savages. He was peculiarly fleet of foot,
knew every nook and corner of the country, was a sure shot, and
had many hair-breadth escapes in his contests with the Indians,
many of whom are said to have fallen bjj^ his gun. He is said to
have been very modest when speaking of his exploits, and never
admitted that he had killed an Indian. He would say: "I shot at
him," and it was i^retty well understood that when he shot at an
Indian tliere was a savage that needed burial.
"The Rocky Spring" Presbyterian Church is within the bounds
of this tiiwnship. It was organized about the year 1738, and had a
very large membership for many years.
WASHINGTON— 1779.
This township \vas organized by an order of the Court of Quarter
Sessions of Cumberland county about April term, 1779, out of An-
trim township. At January term, 1779, a petition of the citizens of
Antrim townshiij was presented, praying for the division of that
township, and James Johnston, Abraham Smith, Humphrey Ful-
lerton, James M'CIenehan, Elias Davison and William Finley were
appointed commissioners to examine and report upon the propriety
of the division. I have been unable to find any record of the report
of these commissioners, nor of the action of the court thereon.
They should have rej^orted to April term, 1779, and most probably
did, as the name of the new township — Washington — appears upon
the record of the court immediately thereafter. It was called after
General Washington, who was then " first in the hearts of his
countrymen," as the leaderof their armies in the contest then going
on for the independence of the United Colonies. The new township
took from Antrim more than one-half the hitter's area, and em-
braced all that territorj' now within the township of Quincy.
Settlements weie made iu what is now Washington township as
F~T
'W':
SUMMEF
CL£f?MONT miiSL, SOUTH
SORT.
BLUERIDGE SUMMIT.FRAMUNCO.F^.
Ta^e257.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 133
earlj^ as 1735-'4(). The tract of land upon which Waynesboro now
stands was taken up in 1749. The first road from what is now Ful-
ton county (then Cumberland county) through Peters and Antrim,
and wliat is now Washington township, was laid out by order of the
Court of Quarter Sessions of Cumberland county in the year 1768.
At the April sessions of the courts of Cumberland county, in the
year 1761, a petition of the citizens of Peters township was presented
setting forth " that they have no prospect for a standing market for
the produce of their country, only at Baltimore, and having no road
leading from their toMaiship to said town of Baltimore, and flour
being the principal commodity their township produceth, and
having tivo mills in said township, viz. : John M'Dowell's and Wil-
liam Smith's, they pray the court to appoint men to view and lay
out a road from each of said mills to meet at or near the house of
William Maxwell, and from thence to run by the nearest and best
way towards said town of Baltimore until it intersects the " tempo-
rury line,^' or ihe line of York county. The Court appointed Henry
Pawlin, James Jack, John Allison, Joseph Bradner, John M'Clel-
lan, Jr., and William Holliday, viewers, any tour of them to make
report. No report was made unril April term, 1768, when the view-
ers reported in favor of a road, for the accommodation of the i^eople
of Petei'H, Air and Hamilton townships. The roads were to be
'^bridle roads" from the mills to the boundaries of Peters township.
They were to unite at or near James Irwin's mill, in Peters town-
shij), thence crossing the Conococheague creek at the 7)iouth of
Muddy run^ thence through Antrim township to the Gap, commonly
called "Nicholson's," in the South mountain, and thence to the
town of Baltimore. This is substantially the route of the present
turni3ike from Mercersburg, by way of Greencastle and Waynes-
boro, towards Baltimore, and the reason that none of these towns
are named is because they were not then in existence.
MONTGOMERY — 1781. .
This township was formed out of the southern part of Peters
township, by a decree of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Cumber-
land county. At the October term, 1780, the petition for the division
of the township was presented, and the court appointed James
Maxwell, John M'Clellan, John Work, James Campbell, Adam
Holliday and Thomas Campbell to examine and report upon the
propriety of the division. They reported at January term, 1781,
and their report was then confirmed, dividing the township as fol-
lows, viz. : " Beginning at a pine on the Bedford county line, thence
five hundred perches to the south branc:h of Smith's run ; thence
down said run an easterly course until where it empties into the
134 Historical Sketch of FrdnkHn Count if.
West Conococheague creek ; thence south seventy one degrees, east
nine hunth-ed and ninety-four perclios to the liahimore road, Jiear
Charles Lowry's; theuce north eighty degrees, east one thousand
one lumdred and forty perches to a buttonwood tree standing on the
bank of the East Conococheague creek, at the mouth of Wood's
run, being the whole extent of said division line— the south side to
be called ' Montgomery.' " This name was undoubtedly selected in
honor of Brigadier General Richard Montgomery, who had been
killed in the attack upon (Quebec, Canada, on the 31st of December,
1775. The first settlers were mostly Scotch Irish, though there
were a number of Welsh in the south-eastern part of the township,
from whom the jiresent village of "Welsh Run" took its name.
They located between the years 1730 and 1735. The first Presbyte-
rian church there was organized about the year 1736, about which
time their first church edifice was erected, which was used until the
year 1760, when it was burned by the Indians In 1741 the Upper
West Conococheague Presbyterian (congregation was divided, and a
congregation organized in the Welsh Run district, under the name
of "The Lower West Conococheague Church." About 1774 they
built their second church, which was used until the present beautiful
structure ('The Robert Kennedy Memorial Presbyterian Church ")
was put up on the site of the old church, and dedicated September
30th, 1871.
On the 1st of September, 1787, Mr. John Kennedy, one of the cit-
izens of this township, and the owner of five lumdred acren of land
in it, advertised through the Carlisle Gazette that he had laid out a
new town at the forks of the east and west brandies of the Conoco-
cheague creek ; that there were two hundred and twenty-six lots in
his town, each of which was eighty-two and one-half feet wide by
cue hundred and sixty-five feet deep ; that tlie streets were to be
sixty and eighty feet wide, two of which were named "Water-
street," (east and west) ; tliat the lots were to be disposed of by lot-
tery on the 13th of November, 1787; that each lot must be inclosed
with a rail or paling fence witliin three years, and a house of brick,
stone, frame or log, at least twenty-two feet square, with a chimney
of brick or stone, must be put up within five yeirs, and that the
annual quit rent on each lot would be three bushels of merchantable
wheat. No name was given to the new town, and the whole enter-
prise must have been abandoned for some cause or another. A
wharf and a warehouse were erected at the site of this town many
years ago, and wheat and other grains purcliased and floated
down the Conococheague in flat boats to the Potomac, and hy that
river to Georgetown, whicli was then the principal marliet for the
products of this region of country. The erection of the mill dams
on the creek interfered with this trade, and it was long ago aban-
doned.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 135
SOUTH A MPTON— 1 783.
This township was organized out of the south-eastern part of Lur-
gan township, by the order of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Cum-
berland county, about the year 1783. I have been unable to find
the exact date of its organization, but as it appears upon the records
of that county in that year, and does not appear earlier, it must
have been organized about that time. Its earliest settlers were also
Scotch-Irish, who located in that township (then Hoi)ewell, Cum-
berland county) as far back as the year 1738. It is said that the
township was called after the county of Southampton, in the south
of England, in which there is a city, and important seaport, of the
same name, containing about 60,000 inhabitants.
FRANKLIN— 1784.
This township appears on the records of our county in the year
17S5, and was carried along upon the books of the Commissioners'
office, for taxation pui'poses, as late as the year 1S22. I could find
no trace of it on the records of Cumberland county, and therefore it
must have been organized by an order of the Court of Quarter Ses-
sions of this county in 1784, or in the early part of 1785. It was
formed out of parts of Guilford and Hamilton townships, and em-
braced the town plot of Chambersburg, and seven tracts of land
adjacent thereto in both townships, containing about 1,150 acres.
The Borough of Chambersburg was erected by an Act of Assembly
approved 21st March, 1803, with boundaries greatly less in extent
than those of the township of Franklin, yet the assessments were
made for the township for nineteen years afterwards, and how the
township organization was then gotten rid of, and the surplus land,
outside the borough limits, returned to the adjoining townships, I
cannot tell. It may have been done by the order of our Court of
Quarter Sessions, but as all the records of that Court prior to 1864,
were destroyed when our town was burnt on the 30th of July in that
year, I cannot speak with any certainty as to any action of that
Court in relation to this township. It was undoubtedly named
after our county.
GREENE — 1788.
This township was formed out of the eastern end of Letterkenny
township, by an order of the Court of Quarter Sessions of our
county in the year 1788. The records containing the action of the
Court no longer exist, but there are contemporaneous records in the
Commissioners' office which show that the township did not exist
in 1787, and did exist in 1788. Besides this, the township officers
have the township records of 1788, which show the election held
136 Historical Sketch of Franklin Connti/.
that year for their first township officers. These data render it cer-
tain that the township was organized in 17ST, or in the early part of
1788. It was nndoubtedly named after Major General Nathaniel
Greene, of tlie revolutionary army, who but a few years before had
so gallantly contested the possession of the Carolinas with the British
troops under Lord Cornwallis.
The original settlers in this township (then Hopewell or Lurgan),
were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, who came info it contemporane-
ously with the settlement of the surrounding districts. I have not
been given the dates of their settlements, and cannot therefore par-
ticularize them. Among them were the Armstrongs, Thomsons,
Bamages, Stewarts, Culbertsons, M'Clays, Hendersons, Criswells
Bittingers, Fergusons, Bairds, Johnsons, &c., &c., who lived there
many years, who are buried there, and whose descendants are among
the most worthy in the township, and still adhere to the faith of
their forefathers. A house built in IToo, one hundred and twenty-
one years ago, is still standing, and in a fair state of preservation.
The town of Green village stands upon the summit level between
the Susquehanna and Potomac, the waters rising east of it flowing
into the former, and those rising west of it flowing into the latter.
Years ago a certain James M'Nultj^, a Roman Catholic, kept a tav-
ern in the village, and the celebrated Lorenzo Dow frequently
preached in his bar-room to crowded audiences, '■''subject to certain
rules,'^ among which was one that he should not abuse the Catholics,
and whenever Lorenzo in his haste or zeal forgot the ^^ru!es,^' out
went the candle, and the preacher and his audience were left in the
dark.
METAL— 1795.
This township was formed out of the southern end of old Fannett,
by the order of the Court of Quarter Sessions of this county, about
the year 1795. As in the case of Franklin and Greene townships,
no record of its organization can be found, because of the destruc-
tion of the records of the court. But from the records referred to
before, as existing in the Commissioners' office, (wherein tables con-
taining the names of all the townships are found), it is certain that
this township must have been created about 1795, for its name does
not appear in 1795, and does appear in May, 1790. Its earliest settlers
were chiefly Scotch-Irish, of the same religious faith as those who
settled in the upper part of the Path Valley. Among them were
the Elliotts, Walkers, Nobles, M'Connells, Kilgores, Alexanders,
M'Cartneys, M'Curdys, Elders, Skinners, Campbells, Mackeys,
Montgomerys, Armstrongs, &c., &c. A Presbyterian congregation
was formed about the year 1767, composed of the Presbyterians of
the whole valley. They early difTered as to the locution of their
church edifice, and finally divided and formed two congregations,
Historical Sketch of Fy-anklin County. 137
that in the southern end of the valley taking the name of " The
Lower Path Valley Presbyterian Church," built their church about
one mile south of where Fannettsburg now stands. The congrega-
tion in the northern part of the valley took the name of " The Upper
Path Valley Presbyterian Church," and built their church edifice
where the village of Spring Run now stands. The Reverend Amos
A. M'Ginley ministered to both churches from 1802 to 1851 — nearly
fifty years. When first called his salary was fixed at five hundred
dollars per year, one-half of which was paid by each congregation.
About the year 1820 or 1823, when times became very hard, money
scarce and everything very high, the sessions of the churches metand
added two hundred dollars to theirpastor's salary, one-half thereof to
be paid by each congregation. In a few years, when times became
better and prices lower, Mr. M'Ginley called the sessions of the
chui'ches together and told them that they must take off the extra
two hundred dollars, and he afterwards continued to preach for
them until his retirement, in 1851, at his old salary of five hundred
dollars. Few clergymen can be found in these days who would act
so disinterestedly as did Dr. M'Ginley in this case.
This township was undoubtedly so called because of the large
quantity of metal to be found within its boundaries.
WARREN— 1798.
The " Little Cove," as this district was called in former times, was
a part of Bedford county until the 29th of March, 1798, when an Act
of Assembly was approved annexing it to our county, and making
it a part of Montgomery township. It was formed into a township
during that year, by au order of the Court of Quarter Sessions of our
county, and called " Warren," in honor of Brigadier General Joseph
Warren, who bad been killed at the battle of Bunker Hill, on the
17th of June, 1776. Because of the destruction of our county records
I have been unable to fix the exact date of the order of court organ-
izing the township, but it must have been between the April and
August terms of that year, for on the 3d of January, 1799, the
County Commissioners paid Benjamin Williams six dollars, in part
of his services for assessing Warren township.
Settlements were made in this township as early as 1740. Quite a
number of them were under rights from Lord Baltimore and the
Maryland authorities, whilst the true position of the boundary line
between Maryland and Pennsylvania was yet undetermined. There
are no towns in the township.
ST. THOMAS— 1818-1820.
This township was formed out of territory taken from Peters and
Hamilton. That part of the township east of Campbell's run was
18
138 Historical Sketch of FrdnJdin Countij.
taken from llainilton, that ^rNf" of tin' run from I'eiers. Tlu' pre-
cise (late of its organization is in more donbt than tiie organization
of townships formed in the last century. Tl»e records of our Court
of Quarter Sessions, by whose order it was created, have been de-
stroyed, and no contemporaneous record, either in tlie townsliip or
elsewhere, has been found that would fix the date. The first assess
book for the laying of a tax in it was issued in November, 1820, but
citizens of the township claim that it was formed in ISIS.
The early settlers in tho township were chiefly .Scotch-Irish, who
went there between 178;^ anil 1737. There were also some Germans
in the eastern or Hamilton part of the township at a very early
date.
The township, it is said by old residents, was called after Thomas
Campbell, the founder of Carapbellstown, (or St. Thomas, as it is
now called), by putting the prefix Saint to his given name, making
the new name "St. Thomas."
QUixNCY— 1S37-183S.
This township was formed out of the northern part of Washing-
ton township, by the Court of Quarter Sessions of our county, and
embraces rather more than the one-half of tlie territory originally in
Washington township. It was organized very late in the year 1837,
oi* within the first nine months of 1838. The assess books for 1837
were issued in November of that year, and no book for this town-
ship appears amongst them, whereas it does appear among tliose
issued in November, 1838.
The country now embraced in the township was early settled by
a mixed i)opuiation of Germans and Scotch-Irish. Frederick Fish-
er located in 1737; George Wertz came from York county in 1745;
Adam Small settled about the same time. John Snowberger, a
Swiss, settled in 1750; John M'Cleary, of Scotland, in 1768, and his
descendants occupied the same tract of land for one hundred and
two years. Christopher Dull, Abraham Knepper, Adam Small,
George Royer, John and George Cook, Samuel Toms, John Heefner
and othei's were early settlers.
William Hayman, Jr., says: "The first settlers \vere a hardy and
industrious class of men, who came principally from Germany, or
from other districts of this country settled by the Germans. They
had no lofty affixes or suffixes to their names. There were no Gener-
als, Colonels or "D. D's." amongst them; and as thej' were jjlain
and economical in their style of living, having few luxuries, they sel-
dom needed the "M. D's." They were peaceable, and strictly honest
in their dealings with their neighbors and fellow men. They loved
the institutions of the land, and were slow to favor innovations, think-
ing tliatthe old and well-known ways were the best. They went in
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 139
for the substantials of life. Their clothing was plain and comforta-
ble, both in summer and in winter. Shoddy was unknown to them.
Every farmer put out a small patch of flax for himself and his house-
hold. The fields yielded abundantly, and the men served their coun-
try as faithfully in raising produce for the sustenance of manl^ind
as many who occupied public stations and bore arms."
This township is very rich in iron ores and other minerals, and has
in it some of the most productive farm lands in our county. The
old residents say that it was called after John Qui.ncy Adams, the
sixth President of the United States.
POST OFFICES IN. FRANKLIN COUNTY.
The first settlement in our county, as has heretofore been stated,
was made about the year 1730. Thirty-four years afterwards, or in
1764, the town of Cliambersburg was laid out, and twenty years
after that, or in 17S4, the county of Franklin was formed, and yet,
it was not until six years later, or in 1790, that the people of the
couDty were given a post office. Considerable settlements had been
in existence for years before at Fort Loudon, Chambersburg, Mer-
cersburg, Greenoastle, Waynesboro', Roxbury, Strasburg, St. Thom-
as and other points in the county, whilst the population had in-
creased from between three and four thousand in 1750, to nearly
fourteen thousand in 1784, and numbered fifteen thousand six hun-
dred and flfty-flve in 1790; and yet for nearly sixty years our ances-
tors in this part of the Cumberland Valley had not a single post
office among them. How they were able to transact their necessary
public and private business, it is difficult to imagine. It is well
known that letters were not near as numerous then as now; but
how a people numbering nearly sixteen thousand, with a county or-
ganization, and all the consequent public and private corres-
pondence, could thus get along for six years I cannot conceive. Of
course they had to depend upon the courtesy of travelers, or neigh-
bors, or rely upon private post riders, for the transmission of their
letters aud other postal matter.
The Hon. James H. Marr, Acting First Assistant Post Master
General, has certified to me the following list of the post offices in
our county, with the dates of their establishment, respectively, and
the names of the first post masters, viz. :
Chambersburg, John Martin, appointed P. M. June 1, 1790
Greencastle, John Watson,
Mercersburg, James Bahn,
Fannettsburg, James Sweeney,
Brown's Mills, William Brown,
Concord, Edward W. Doyle,
Waynesboro, Michael Stoner,
April 4, 1799
Jan. 1, 1803
March 30, 1809
July 1, 1813
Jan. 16, 1816
Dec. 31, 1818
140
Historical Sketch of Franklin Counfi/.
\ Roxbuiy, William Reynolds, appointed P. M.
^ St. Thomas, John Sliafer,
Dry Run, William Cami)l)ell, Jr., "
Fayetteville, John Darl)y, "
Greonvillage, James ISI'Nulty, "
Jackson Hall, John 8. Kerr, "
Loudon, njenjamin 8tonger, "
Upper Strasburg, William IM'Clellan, "
State Line, David Brumbaugh, "
Quincy, Jacob Byer, "
Welsh Run, John Eldon, "
Marion, William Martin, "
Orrstown, James B. Orr, "
Sylvan, William Bowers, "
Bridgeport Mills, Martin Hoover, "
Mont Alto, John Kuhn, "
Scotland, George R. M'llroy, - "
Spring Run, William A. Mackey, "
Amberson's Valley, B. J. Culbertson, "
Doylesburg, Philip T. Doyle, "
Carrick Furnace, Geo. W. Swank, "
Shady Grove, Frederick B. Snively, "
Mount Parnel, John Mullan, "
Clay Lick, Elam B. Winger, "
Mowersville, Jacob Snoke, "
New Bridge, H. P. Piper, "
Mason & Dixon, A. B. Barnhart, "
Richmond Furnace, W. Burgess, "
Williamson, E. H. Hagerman, "
Five Forks, W. H. Brown, "
Rouzersville, C. H. Buhrman, •'
Lehmaster's, C. Plum, "
Feb.
5
1822
Feb.
21
1824
Sep.
lo
182-5
Sep.
4,
1826
Sep.
12
1827
Jan.
12
1828
Dec.
24,
1828
Feb.
28
1828
Feb.
9
183(1
March 27
1830
May
17
1830
March
2
1833
Jan.
26
1836
Feb.
3
1837
Feb.
15
1837
Dec.
14
1843
June
26
,1849
Nov.
13
1850
Dec.
16
1850
May
23
1854
July
5
1860
Dec.
7
1860
April
3
1862
April
21
1862
March
3
1868
Sep.
8
1868
IMay
15
1868
May
23,
1872
Aug.
20,
1872
March
5,
187.^
June
26
1873
1877
TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN FRANKLIN COUNTY,
Alto Dale. See Funkstown.
Bridgeport (P. O., Bridgeport Mills) is situated in Peters town-
ship, at the intersection of the roads from St. Thomas to Mercers-
burg, and from Loudon to Upton. It is a very old settlement. As
early as 1730 or 1781 John, William, Nathan and James M'Doweli,
four brothers, took up a large quantity of land immediately around
where the village now is. Within a few years afterwards John
M'Doweli built a grist mill, and in 1756 built the fort, which dur-
ing those early days was so well known as "M'Dowell's Fort." A
magazine was early established there by the Colonial authorities for
the deposit and safe keeping for arms and munitions of war. About
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 141
jRfty-flve years ago a stone bridge was built there over the West
Branch of the Conococheague, and from that time the place was
called Bridgeport. The town has grown up principally within
the last twenty five or thirty years. The population is now near
one hundred and fifty.
Camp Hill is situated in Montgomery township, at tlie base of
Casey's Knob, six miles south of Mercersburg. It was started by
William Auld, Esq., about the year 1830, and took its name from a
large camp meeting that was held there at that time. Its popula-
tion numbers nearly fifty persons.
Carrick (P. O., Carrick Furnace) is situated in Metal town-
ship, on the road leading from Loudon through Path Valley north-
ward, about four miles south of Fannettsburg. Carrick Furnace
was built by General Samuel Dunn in the year 1828. It is now
carried on by R. M. Shalter, and manufactures about thirty tons of
iron per week. The population of the village is about one hundred
aaid twenty persons.
Cashtown is situated in Hamilton township, on the slate road
leading from Chambersburg to Mercersburg, six miles from the
former place. Its population numbers about fifty persons.
Centre, or Centre Square, is situated in Lurgan township, on
the road leading from Orrstown to Roxbury, The population
numbers about one hundred and fifty persons.
Chambersburg (P. O.) is situated at the confluence of the Cono-
cocheague creek and the Falling Spring. Benjamin Chambers set-
tled here about the year 1730. On the 30th of March, 1734, before
the Indian title was extinguished, he obtained a license from Samuel
Blunston, the agent of the Penns, to take up four hundred acres
of landj on both sides of the creek, at the point where Chambers-
burg now stands. He immediately built a saw mill at the mouth
of the Falling Spring, and a few years afterwards erected a flour
mill just south of his sawmill. In the early part of June, 1764,
Colonel Chambers laid out the town of Chambersburg, and on
Thursday, the 28th day of that month, held a lottery to dispose of
the lots. The town grew slowly, and lots commanded but poor
prices, as thirteen years afterwards, viz. : on the 12th day of July,
1777, Colonel Chamberssold the lotTrostle's tavern now stands upon
to Nicholas Snyder for one pound ten shillings, Pennsylvania cur-
rency, (or f4.00 of our present money), upon the condition that
within two years he should build a house upon it at \ea,Bt sixteen feet
square, and forever pay an annual quit rent of fifteen shillings to the
said Chambers, or his heirs or assigns.
In September, 1784, by the act creating the county of Franklin,
Chambersburg was made the county seat of the new county. Its
population was then not more than four or five hundred. In 1786
there were ninety-six houses here, and in 1788 one hundred and
142 Historical Sketch of Franklin Countif.
thirty-roiir. We have now about 1085 houses, of stone, brick anil
framed timber, all of them substantially, and many of them taste-
fully built and ornamented. We have fourteen churches, viz. : two
Presbyterian, one Reformed, oneEnj^lish Lutheran, one Protestant
Episcopal, two INIethodist Episcopal, one German Reformed, one
Baptist, one German Lutlieran, one United Brethren, one Roman
Catholic, and two colored Methodist. Our Court House is one of
the best in the State, whilst our i)rison is a disji^race to the county.
We have two banks, witii commodious banking rooms, a conven-
ient and tasteful Masonic Hall, two Odd Fellow's Halls, "Re]>osi-
tory Hall," for public meetings, concerts, &c., and seven of the
most convenient and best conducted hotels to be found anywhere
in the interior of the State. We have also an immense straw-paper
mill, (Heyser's), a largesteam flouring mill, (W'umlerlich & Nead's),
the Chambersburg flour mill, and the Ciiambersburg Woolen Mills.
We have also the foundry and iron works of T. B. Wood & Co., and
the furniture manufactory of Henry Sierer& Co., where everything
in their lines of business is made, and we have water works and
gas works. Our population is about six thousand eight hundred,
and our municipal debt does not exceed ninety-five thousand dollars.
The borough of Chambersburg was formed out of parts of the town-
ships of Guilford and Hamilton, by an Act of Assembly approved
21st March, 1803, and has been enlarged several times since by the
action of the Court of Quarter Sessions.
Chahlestown is situate in Peters township, on the turnpike
leading from Mercersburg to M'Connellsburg, about three miles
from the former place. It has a population of near fifty persons.
Cheesetown is situated in Hamilton township, three miles north-
west of Chambersburg, on the road leading towards Reefer's store.
It was begun by Joseph Bowman about the year 1840, and has a
population of near forty persons.
Church Hill is a small village in Peters township, on the
"Warm Spring" road. It has sprung up recently, and is located
upon land formerly the property of the "Old White Church," from
which it takes i*^s name. The population numbers about thirty
persons, - •' '
Clay Lick (P. O.) is situate in Montgomery township, at the
base of Clay Lick mountain, from which it takes its name. It was
begun by Jacob Negley about the year 1831. Its poijulation is near
one hundred.
Concord (P. O.) is situated in Fannett township, in the upper
end of Path Valley. It was laid out by James Widney, and the
first sale of lots for building purjjoses was made by him in tlie year
1797. It was doubtless called after Concord, Massachusetts, the
place where, on the 19th of April, 1775, the British troops under
Lieut. Col. Smith, first felt the temper of the continental minute
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 143
men. The town now contains thirty-four dwellings, two churches,
two stores, one hotel and one grist mill, and one hundred and
seventy-six inhabitauts.
Cove Gap is situated in Peters township, at the point where the
public road leading out of the Little Cove, or Warren township, in-
tersects the turnpike leading from M'Connellsburg to Mercersburg.
Its population is about fifty persons.
DoYLESBUBG (P. O) is situated in Fannett township, three
miles south of Concord, at the mouth of Burns' Valley, on the pub-
lic road from Concord to Dry Run. It was laid out by Philip
T. Doyle, in the year 1851, and contains a large steam tannery, one
store and eleven dwellings, with a population of about seventy per-
sons.
Dry Run (P. O.) is situated in Path Valley, Fannett township,
eight miles north of Fannettsburg. The first house was built by
John Holliday, in the year 1833. James Stark built the second one
about the year 1836. In 1838 Stephen Skinner laid out the town and
called it "Morrowstown," (Morrow, being the maiden name of his
wife). By this name it was known for many years. It had been
called "Dry Run" before the town was laid out, from the fact that
the stream which passes through the town frequently ceased to
flow. The older name was preferred to that of Morrowstown, and
has now come into general use. The population numbers one hun-
dred and eighty persons.
Fairview is situated in Southampton township, at the point
where the road from Shippensburg to Roxbury crosses the Conodo-
guinet creek. It was laid out by the late William G. M'Lellan, Esq.,
of Strasburg, about twenty-five years ago. Its population numbers
ninety persons.
Fannettsburg (P. O.) is situated in Metal township, on the old
" Tuscarora Path," twelve miles north of Loudon. Settlements
were made at this point as early as 1787, but the town was laid out
by William M'Intyre, on the 25th July, in the year 1790, and took
irs name from the township of Fannett, of which it then formed a
part. The lots were sold at the price of four to six pounds, subject
to a quit rent of seven shillings and six pence e^^..... A number of
these quit rents yet exist. There is one church (Methodist) and a
public hall in the town, and two churches, oue Presbyterian and
one Reformed, near the town. The j)opulation numbers about three
hundred.
Fayetteville (P. O.) is situated in Greene township, on the
turnpike road leading from Chambersburg to Gettysburg, six miles
east of the former place. Settlements were made in this neighbor-
hood at a very early day. Edward Crawford owned a very large
tract of land — a thousand acres or more — but a short distance south
of where the village stands. In the year 1768 a petition was pre-
144 Hiatorical Sketch of Franklin Counfi/.
sented to the Court of Quarter Sessions of Cunibi-rlantl tM)Uiity, from
citizens of Peters, Hamilton and Guilford townships, for a public
road leading from James Campbell's, near Loudon, through Chani-
bersburg, to the county line in Black's Gap. Edward Crawford,
Josiah Cook, George Brown, William M'Brier, William Hoiliday
and Nathan M'Dowell were appointed viewers, who reported favor-
ably, and ut January term, 1772, the road was granted. Us route
was nearly that of the present turnpike. Samuel Beiglital bought
the property now known as the " Renfrew Mill " estate from John
Penn the elder and John Penn the younger, proprietaries, in the
year 1792. Jaeob Burkholder owned the land that Greenwood now
stands upon, about the same time. In the year 1810 David Eby
built the merchant mill, saw mill and several dwelling houses, and
called the place "Milton Mills." In 1824 a school house was built.
In 1826 John and Benjamin Darby bouglit the mill property, dwel-
ling houses, &c., from the Bank of Chambersburg. Shortly after
the Daibys purchased they laid oil' lots fronting the pike aud began
to build houses. The "arcade" was built by John Darb}', Jacob
Koontz and Miss Whitmore. They then applied for a post ottice, to
be called "Milton Mills," but their application was denied, unless
they would agree to change the name of the village. A family
council was held, lots were cast, and the name of " Fayetteville "
selected, in honor of General La Fayette.
Findlayville, about a half mile west of Fayetteville, and now in-
corporated in it, was laid out by Colonel John Findlay, of Cham-
bersburg, ab(Hit the yeur 1830. He sold a number of lots, and some
buildings were j^ut up, but the name never took. The places are
now united under the one name — Fayetteville. There are live
churches in the place — one Lutheran, one Covenanter, one United
Brethren, one Winebrennarian and one Presbyterian. There are
also two hotels, one town hall, three dry goods stores, one grocery
store and two drug stores, and two schools, one of which is graded.
The population is about six hundred.
FuNKSTowN (P. O. name Mont Alto) is situated in Quincy
township, on the road leading from Fayetteville to Quincy, five
miles south of the former place. John Funk was the first settler,
and built the first house in the town in the year 1817. The town
was called after him, though of late years an effort has been made
to change the name to Alto Dale, but it does not take with the peo-
ple of the neighborhood. There are three churches in the town,
viz.: one Reformed, one Methodist and one Brethren in Christ.
The population of the village is about three hundred and sixty-five.
Germantonvn is a small village in Greene township, situate on
the public road leading from Scotland to Fayetteville, about mid-
way between the two places. It contains a population of about fifty
persons.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County, 145
Grrencastle (P. O.) is situated in Antrim township, at the in-
tersection of the Cumberland Valley railroad and the Waync^sburg,
Greencastle and Mercersburg turnpike road. The land on which
the town stands was taken up on a warrant issued to Samuel Smith,
September 7th, 1750. He conveyed to John Smith, 4th November,
1761. John Smith conveyed to John Davison, 6th November, 1762,
and he sold to William Allison, 2oth April, 1763. A patent was
issued to William Allison, 26th July, 1766. and by his deed, dated
3d May, 1769, he conveyed the tract (three hundred acres) to his son.
Colonel John Allison, who laid out the town in 1782. He named it
"Green-Castle," some think in honor of Major General Nathaniel
Greene, of revolutionary fame; but it is more likely that it was
called after Green-Castle, a large fishing station, where there is a
fort and harbor, in the county of Donegal, Province of Ulster,
Ireland.
Colonel Allison divided his town plot into two hundred and flfty-
six lots, of equal size, and numbered them from one to two hundred
and fifty-six, inclusive, and put the price of each lot at three pounds,
or eight dollars. He then made a lottery, and every j^erson who
purchased a ticket was entitled to a lot somewhere in the new town,
and the drawing or lottery was held to determine what lots the
ticket-holders should get. There were no blanks. Every ticket
was bound to draw a lot; the only chance or uncertainty being
whether it should be located on the public square or on a back street.
Whatever number a ticket-holder drew he got the lot bearing the
satne number on the i:)lot of the town, and received a deed therefor
from Colonel Allison, subject to an annual quit rent of ten shillings
specie.
There are six churches in the town, viz.: one Presbyterian,
organized in 1737 or 1738, one Reformed, one Lutheran, one United
Brethren, one Methodist Episcopal and one African Methodist.
The edifices of the first three churches named are of the most com-
modious and tasteful character, whilst the others named are suffi-
cient for all their wants There is also a fine town hall in the place,
for the holding of lectures, concerts, &c. The town was made a
borough by an Act of Assembly passed March 2oth, 1805, and has
now a ipopulation of seventeen hundred.
Greenvillage (P. O.) is situated in Greene township, on the
Harrisburg turnpike, five miles from Chambersburg. It was laid
out by Samuel Nicholson in 1793. He purchased of Reuben Gilles-
pie forty-five acres of land at fifty dollars per acre, " at the intersec-
tion of the Chambersburg and Strasburg roads." This land, and
others around, was located as early as 1748. Jonathan Hirst built
the first house where the town now stands, on the north-east corner
of the intersection of the present turnpike and the Scotland road.
It stood until the year 1844. The " village " takes its name from the
14(1 Hisforical Sketch of Franklin Connfi/.
towiisliip, whirh was called after General Nuthuiiicl Greene, of the
revolutionary army. There is one hotel, two churches and two
stores in tiie place, and the ])0})ulatlon nuinl)ers three hundred
persons.
Ghki:xwooi)(P. O., Black's Gap) is situated in GreiMie township,
on the Chanihersburfi: and Getlyshurjj: turn|)ike, ei^ht miles east of
Chatnhorsburjr, at the entrance of Black's Gap, in the South moun-
tain. Settlenif-nts were made in the neighborhood at a very early
day. The Blaek's Gap road was laid out in 17o0, and was made by
Robert Black, the great-grandfather of Robert Black, Esq., of Green-
wood. Conrad Brown made the first improvement at this point
about the year 1S14.
Jacksox Hai.l (P. O.) is situated in Guilford township, on the
road leading from Chambersburg to Mount Hope and Waynesboro,
five miles distant from the former place. It was commenced by
Jacob Snj'der, in the year 1S12. It is called after President Jackson,
and contains one store and about twenty-eight inhabitants.
Lennhrrville is situated on the Warm Spring road, in Hamil-
ton township, just south of Cashto^vn, of which it may be consid-
ered as a part. It was started by and named after Henry Lennher,
who resides and keeps a store there.
Loudon iP. O.) is situated on the Chambersburg and Bedford
turnpike, in Peters township, near the base of the Cove mountain,
fourteen miles west of Chambersburg. It is a very old place, and
was the scene of manj^ a stirring incident in old Colonial times. It
is mentioned in history as "Loudon town," as early as 1756. In
that year. " Fort Loudon " was built by the Colonial government,
for the protection of the frontier settlers against the incursions of the
Indians. It stuod about a mile south-east of the pres-nt town, and
was frequently garrisoned by British and Provincial troops. Before
the making of wagon roads over the mountains it was a great point
of dei)arture for pack-horse trains for Bedford, Fort Cumberland
and Pittsburg. The present town was laid out by Johnston Elliott,
in the year 1804. For half a century, and particularly from the
completion of the Pittsburg turnpike, in the year 1819, it was a
great place for the manufacture of wagons, wagon gears and whips;
but after the opening of the Pennsylvania railroad to the Ohio its
business rapidly fell away. It now has one hotel, two graded
schools and three chuiches, and a population of three hundred and
fifty. The Southern Pennsylvania railroad passes by the town, and
aftbrds the citizens much greater facilities for all purposes than they
formerly had.
Mainsville (formerly Smoketown) is situated in Southampton
township, on the road leading from Shippensburg to the old South-
ampton iron works, and about two miles south of the former town.
It was laid out by Wm. Mains, Esq., about ten years ago, and con-
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 147
tains a church, store and blacksmith shop, and a population of about
forty persons.
Marion (P. O.J is situated in Guilford township, on the great
road from Chambersburg to Greencastle, sis miles south of the
former place. Settlements were made in the neighboi'hood as early
as 1748, and a tavern was kept near the south end of the town long
years ago. The village was commenced about the year 1810. It
was first called Independence ; but when a jaost office was estab-
lished there, it was called Marion, no doubt after General Francis
Marion, the "Swamp Fox of the Carolinas," so dreaded by the
British and Tories of the Sovith in revolutionary days. The first
store opened in the place was in the year 1822, by Major Cook. The
present population is one hundred and twenty-three.
Marion Station is situated in Guilford township, on the Cum-
berland Valley railroad, six miles south of Chambersburg, and about
half a mile east of the town of Marion. A new village is springing up
there. A warehouse now owned and conducted by Diehl & Co., was
built there in the year 1862, since which seven or eight new and ele-
gant dwellings have been put up, a German Reformed church is also
being built, and Andrew A. Statler is building a large dwelling and
store near the station, on land purchased from Jacob Myers, at the
rate of $900 per acre. A sale of lots has also recently been had, and
a number of dwelling houses are now under contract. It is a very
desirable point for a private residence.
Mason and Dixon (P. O.) is situated on the Cumberland Valley
raih'oad, in Antrim township, immediately at the State line, where
the public road from Middleburg to Welsh Run crosses the railroad.
There are a warehouse, a store and several dwellings at this point.
Population about thirty persons.
Merceksburg (P. O.) is situated on the Waynesburg, Greencastle
and Mercersburg turnpike, at the northern line of Montgomery
township. Much the larger part of the town is in Montgomery
township, and a small part of it is in Peters township. It is a very
old settlement. Locations were made in the neighborhood as early
as 1730, and it is stated that a man named James Black, built a mill
at or near where the town now stands, about the year 1730. His
improvement was at first called "Black's town." The settlers
around were nearly all Scotch-Irish, and by the year 1738 a Presby-
terian church was organized under the name of "The West Conoco-
cheague Church." Subsequently William Smith bought out Mr.
Black ; the date of that purchase I have not been able to ascer-
tain, but it was as early as 1750. The property subsequently passed
into the hands of William Smith, Jr., a son of William Smith, by
inheritance from his father, and was known during the troublesome
times from 1750 to 1764 as "Squire Smith's town," the proprietor,
William Smith, then being one of the Justices of the Peace for Cum-
14S ]IititoriccU Sketch of Fran Id in Counfi/.
berlaiui county. An extensive trade was carried on with the Indians
and first settlers on the western frontiers from this point during
those years. It was nothing uncommon to see from fifty to one
hundred pacli horses there at one time, loaded with merchandise,
salt, iron, and other commodities rea(Jy to be transported over the
mountains to the ISIonongaliela country. As is usual in frontier set-
tlements, there were many unruly sj>irits to be found about the
l^lace, and on more than one occasion they became participants in
riotous anil illegal proceedinirs that led to trouble with the Colonial
authorities, and with the British troops stationed at Fort Loudon.
The town was laid out in 1780 by William Smith, Jr., the lots
being subject to an annual quit rent of ten shillings. He called it
Mercersburg, in honor of General Hugh Mercer, of the revolutionary
arm}', who fell mortally wounded at the battle of Princeton, Janu-
ary 3, 1777, and died a few days afterwards. General Mercer was
an eminent i)hysician, and resided for a number of years in the
neighborhood of Davis' Fort, south of Mercersburg, near the jSIary-
land line, where he practiced his profession.
Having enjoyed some military training and experience in Europe,
and having a taste for military life, he was early in 1756 appointed a
captain in the Provincial service, in which he continued for some
years, rising to the rank of colonel. On the 13th of July, 1757, he was
appointed and commissioned by the Supreme Elxecutive Council, one
of the Justices of the Peace for Cumberland county. He was inti-
mately acquainted with General Washington, who had a high re-
gard for him, and upon the breaking out of the revolutionary war.
Congress, in 1776, upon the recommendation of General Washington,
who had served with him in Forbes' campaign in 1758, appointed
Dr. Mercer a brigadier in the army of the United States. Whilst
the army was encamiied near New Brunswick, New .Jersey, General
Mercer had shown great kindness to the father of Mr. Smith, or to
Mr. William Smith himself, it is not known which, but in remem-
brance of that kindness, Mr. Smith named his new town Mercers-
burg.
The town now contains seven churches, viz. : one Presbyterian,
one United Presbyterian, (formerly Associated Presbyterian), one
Reformed, one Lutheran, one Methodist Episcojml, one United
Brethren and one Bethel. Mercersburg College, under the care of the
Reformed church, is located there, the President of which is Rev. E.
E. Higbee, D. D. There is also a Female Seminary there, under the
care of Rev. Jacob Hassler. "The Farmers' Bank of Mercersburg"
was established in 1874, Mr. George Steiger is its President, and
William M. Marshall, Esq., its Cashier. Fairview Cemetery was
laid out in 1866. The population of the town at the present time is
about twelve hundred.
MiDDLEBURG (P. O., STATE Line) is situated in Antrim township,
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 149
immediately at the Maryland State line, on the great road leading
from Greencastle to Hagerstown, Maryland. It was laid out by
Jacob Strickler, about the year 1812, and takes its name from the
fact of its location midway between the towns named. The town is
regularly laid out, and at present has two churches, one Reformed
and one United Brethren, two stores and a town hall in it. The
population is about two hundred.
The town was originally called " Spiglersburg." A man named
Jack Wolgamot, built the first house in the place. He was a reckless,
rollicking fellow, and often had the constables after him, with a
warrant for his arrest for the non payment of his debts, contracted in
Maryland and in Pennsylvania. For the purpose of escaping the oflfl-
cers of the law, he built his house, which is still standing, across
the State line, as he thought, one-half in Maryland, and the other
half in Pennsylvania, so that when an officer came, all he had to do
to put him at defiance was to slip across the line into the other State,
take his seat and laugh at the baffled officer. He, however, made a
mistake as to the true location of the State line, and built all of the
house in the State of Maryland, except the chimney, which is in
Pennsylvania. But as this error was not discovered for many years
after the house was put up, his ruse served his purjDoses on many an
occasion, when he did not wish to have the company of those officers
who had warrants against him.
Mont Alto (P. O). See Funkstown.
Mount Hope (P. O. name Five Forks) is a small village situated
in Quincy township, on the road from Chambersburg to Waynes-
boro, four miles north-west of the latter place. There is a store,
grist mill, and a blacksmith shop, and a population of about eighty
persons in the place.
MowEKSViLLE (P. O.) is a small village in Lurgan township,
about three and a half miles east of Roxbury. It was started by Jo-
seph Mowers, Esq., fifteen or more years ago, and contains a store,
blacksmith shop, carriage manufactory, &c., with a jDopulation of
about forty persons.
New Franklin is situated in Guilford township, on the road
leading from Chambersburg to Waynesboro, four miles south-east of
the former place. It was commenced by Balthazar Kountz, in 1795,
and John Himes, Sr., built the next house in 1827, It now contains
one store and seventy-seven inhabitants.
New Guilford is situated in Guilford township, three miles east
of New Franklin. It contains a population of about sixty persons.
Orrstown (P. O.) is situated in Southampton township, on the old
State road frona Shippensburg to Strasburg, five miles west of the
former place. Settlements were made in that neighborhood as early
as the year 1738, and for many years prior to the completion of the
Pennsylvania railroad, down to within a very few years past, a very
I')0 Historical Sketch of Franklin Connttj.
hiriic luiinber of liorses and cattle were amuially i)ass»Ml alorin the
State roail from the jjcreat west to the markets of the east. The
town, which is one of the most beautiful in tlie county, was laid out
in 1833, by John and William Orr. They called it at first South-
ampton, after the township; but in 1835, when api)Iication was made
for a post office to be called Southampton, the Post Office Depart-
ment refused the grant for the reasmi that there was already an
office of that name. Hon. Cieorge Chambers, who was then in Con-
gress, named theoffice ^^Orrstown," and the name has sinceattached
to the town. It was incorporated as a borough in the year 1847, and
Ui>w contains one hotel, two stores, one carriage factory, and four
churches, viz. : one Lutheran, one Presbj'terian, one United Breth-
ren, and one Winebrennarian. The population is three hundred
and twenty-five.
PiKF.svii^LE. See Rouzersville.
PLiKas.-vnt HalIj is situated in Letterkenny township, on the old
State road, about two and a half miles east of Strasburg. It was
laid out by Joseph Burkhart about the year 1840. It contains one
store, one wagon-maker's shop and a blacksmith shop, and several
dwellings. The population is about thirty persons.
QuiNCY (P. O.) is situated in Quincy township, about four miles
directly north of Waynesboro, on the road leading to Fayetteville.
Mauy of the earlier settlers in this section of our county were Ger-
mans, as is shown by their family names. As it had been the
jjolicy and practice of the agents of the proprietaries, in the early
years of the past century, to send the German emigrants into York
county, (which then included what is now Adams county), it is
very likely that many of those Germans came over the mountains
from York county, and settled down in the eastern part of our
count3'', instead of coming up through Lancaster county by
way of Harris' Ferry, (now Harrisburg), as all the other early
settlers of the Cumberland Va'ley did. They made settlements in
what is now Quincy township as early as 1737, and many of their
descendants are to be found there yet,
Richmond (P. O., "Richmond Furnace") is situated in Metal
township, at the termination of the Southern Pennsylvania Rail-
road and Iron Company's railway, four miles north of Loudon.
The locality was formerly better known as "Mount Pleasant Fur-
nace," the oldest furnace in the county. The furnace has been re-
built by the present owners, and it and the village is now called
"Richmond," after Richmond L. Jones, who was president of the
company at the time their railroad was built. There is a large
warehouse, a store, a number of dwellings, and a population of
about sixty persons in the place.
Rouzersville (P. O.) or Pikes ville is a small village in "Wash-
ington township, on the turni^ike leading from Waynesboro to Em-
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 151
mittsburg, Maryland, three miles east of Waynesboro. It contains
a church anrl store, and a population of about thirty persons.
RoxBURY (P. O.) is situated in Lurgan township, upon the banks
of the Conodoguinet creek, at the base of the Kitatinny mountains.
It was commenced by William Leephar, about the year 1778. He
built a grist mill about the year 1783. "Sound-well Forge" was
built at Roxbury by Leephar, Crotzer & Co., in 1798, and " Roxbury
Furnace" by Samuel Cole, in the year 1815. The Hughes' ran these
works at one time, and the last persons who carried them on were
Messrs. Fleming & Sheffler, in 1857. In the old "pack horse " times
there was a considerable amount of business done at Roxbury. For
many years past, however, the town has not improved much. There
are two churches in the place — the " Union church," built in 1815,
and the "Methodist Protestant," built in 1873. Population about
two hundred.
St. Thomas (P. O.) is situated In St. Thomas township, on the
Chamhersburg and Bedford- turnpike, eight miles west of Chan*-
bersburg. Settlements were made in the neighborhood of where
the town stands as early as 1737. Thomas Campbell laid out the
town about the year 1790, and for many years afterwards it was
known by the name of "Campbellstown." It is only, however, with-
in the past thirty or thirty-five years that tlie toion began to be gen-
erally called " St. Thomas." Within the recollection of the writer it
was frequently called by itsold name — " Campbellstown." There are
two hotels, three stores and two groceries in the town. There are
also four church edifices, occupied by five denominations, viz. : one
Reformed, one Methodist:, one Brethren, and one used by the Pres-
byterians and Lutherans jointly. The population numbers about
four hundred.
Scotland fP- 0-) is situated on the Conoeocheague creek, in
Greene township, about five miles north-east of Chamhersburg, and
a short distance south of Scotland station, on the Cumberland Val-
ley railroad. It contains two churches, (one Covenanter and one
United Brethren), three stores, a grist and saw mill, a planing mill,
and a population of about two hundred and twenty-five persons.
Shady Gbove (P. O.) is situated in Antrim township, on the
Waynesburg, Greencastle and Mercersburg turnpike, two miles east
of Greeucastle. A warrant for the land on which it stands was
granted to Thomas Miunock in 1752. The town was started by
Melchi Snively, Esq., in 1848. There are now one store, twenty-
four dwellings and one hundred and twenty inhabitants in the place.
Shimpstown is a small village situated in Montgomery townshij),
three miles south of Mercersburg, on the road to Clay Lick. Popu-
lation about fifty persons.
Smoketown is a small village situated in Greene township, one
152 Historical Sketch of Franklin Countij.
and a half miles south-east of Scotland. It contains a i)()i)ulation of
about seven ty-five persons.
Snow Hill, or Schnekbkrg. is situated on Antietani creek, in
Quincy township, one mile south of Quiney. Since the decline of
Ephratn, in Lancaster county, it is tlie principal institution of the
German Seventh-day Baptists of the United States. The society
have u farm of about one lumdred and thirty acres, with a grist mill
upon it. They have also a large i)rick building, for the brothers and
sisters, two stories high and oiie hundred and twenty feet long.
They have also a church in whicli worship is held weekly, every
Saturday. Their annual religious meetings are held here. Their
whole property is worth about twenty-five thousand dollars. There
are only about eight male, and seven female members remaining
upon the i^remises — all old people — and as there are no accessions to
their numbers, the society must soon become extinct.
Spuing Run (P. O.) is situated in Fannett township, on the main
road through Path Valley, six miles nortli of Fannettsburg. There
are two churches, one Presbyterian and one United Brethren, two
stores, one tannery, and several shops, and a population of about
fifty persons.
Spbingtown is a small village, chiefly of farm bouses, situated in
Metal township, one mile north of Fannettsburg. A small fort or
block-house stood here during the troublous tiuies of 1750-176-1, to
which the settlers in the neighborhood frequently fled for refuge
during the incursions of the hostile Indians. Population about
twentj' persons.
Stoufferstown is situated in Guilford township, one and one-
fourth miles east of Chambersburg, on the Chambersburg and Get-
tysburg turnpike. The oldest house in the place was built by Pat-
rick Vance, about 1773. Daniel Stouffer built the "Falling Spring
Mill," or "Sto.iffer's Mill," about 1792, and the village has grown
up around it during the last twenty-five or thirty years. The pojju-
lation is now about two hundred.
Strasburg (P. O., Upper Strasburg) is situated in Letterkenny
township, on the old State road leading from Shippensburg to Fan-
nettsburg, near the base of the Kittochtinny mountains. It was
laid out by Dewalt Keefer, in the fall of 1789, and was called after
the city of Strasburg, in Germany. After the completion of the
Three Mountain road it became quite a business place, and so long
as transportation was done by the old-fashioned "Conestoga wagon,"
and horses and cattle were brought from the west to the east in
droves, Strasburg, because of the absence of all tolls on the road,
and because an abundant supply of feed was to be had at low rates,
was able to hold its own, but all improvement was at an end. It
has three churches — one vised by the Lutheran and Reformed con-
gregations, one Methodist and one United Brethren, in which the
Historical Sketch of FranJdin County. 153
Presbyterians worship at stated times. It has also one hotel, one
steam tannery, one saw mill, two stores, two blacksmith, two shoe-
makt^r, two cabinet-maker, one tailor and one saddler shops, and
two hundred and ninety-three inhabitants.
ToMSTOWN is situated in Quincy township, at the base of the South
. mountain, one mile south-east of Quiucy. It was started by a man
named John Toms, sixty years ago or more. It contains one store,
and twenty-five or thirty houses. Population about two hundred.
Upton (P. O.) is situated in Peters township, on the Greencastle
and Mercersburg turnpike, four miles west of the former place.
The first improvement was made by Alexander White, where the
hotel is now kept, in the year 1812. The town was commenced by
George Cook, in the year 1840, but the greater portion of it has been
built since 1860. The post office was established in 1836, and the
name "Jacksonville" was selected for it, but disapproved by the
Post Office Department, as there was already an office of the same
name. At the suggestion of Miss Elizabeth Watson, of Greencastle,
the name of "Upton" was taken for the office, which has also
attached to the village. There are one store and hotel, and several
shops in the pjace. Population about one hundred and eighty.
Waterloo is a small village situated in Washington township,
near the turnpike leading from Waynesboro to Emmittsburg, Ma-
ryland. It is a short distance south of Pikesville, or Eouzersville,
of which it may be considered as forming a part.
Waynesboro (P. O.) is situated in Washington township, on the
line of the turnpike road from M'Connellsburg to Baltimore. It is
one of the most beautiful and flourishing towns iu our county. The
land upon which the town stands was taken up by John Wallace,
Sr., in 1749. A settlement gradually grew up, in after years, at the
point where the town now stands, and was called " Wallacetown."
In the year 1797, John W^allace, Jr., formally laid out the present
town, and called it " Waynesburg," in honor of General Anthony
Wayne—" Mad Anthony "—of the revolutionary army. The price
of lots on "Main street" was fixed at five pounds specie, and on the
cross streets at six pounds, with an annual quit rent of one dollar on
each of them. The land around Waynesboro is among the most
fertile and valuable in our valley. On the 21st December, 1818, the
town was incorporated into a borough, by the name of "Waynes-
boro." There are two hotels, two drug stores, four dry goods stores,
four hardware stores, and eight churches in the town, viz. : the
Trinity Reformed, St. Paul's Reformed, Lutheran, Methodist Epis-
copal, Presbyterian, German Baptist orDunker, Reformed Mennon-
ite and Catholic. There are also a town hall, a Grangers' hall and
an Odd Fellows' hall, and three large manufacturing establishments
in the place, viz. : " The Geiser Manufacturing Company," makers
of grain threshers, reapers, mowers, &c. ; "Frick & Co.,'' steam en-
1-j4 Historical SketcJi of Franlclin Onint)/.
yine and boiler woi-ks, and "(ii'or>i:e F. liidy it Co.," liiinlKT mami-
facturers. .lolin Ikdl has also for years carried on a larjje jiottery at
this poiut. The j)oi>iihitiou of the town is about fifteen hundred.
Wri.sh Run (P. O.) is situated in Montgomery township, on the
road leadiii.u: from Mereersburfi: to Haj^erstown, Maryhmd, six miles
from the former place. David Davis, an emigrant from Wales,
l>iireliased a large tiact of land along the stream near by, between
the years 173(5 and 174U, and being joined by a number of others
from his native hmd, the settlement received the name of " Welsh
Run." The village now contains one store, one tannery, one black-
smith shop, one wagon-maker shop, one physician's office and one
hundred and fifty inhabitants. " Kennedy Academy," (Rev. J. H.
Fleming, i)rinc'ii)al), is situated here, as is also the "Robert Ken-
nedy Memorial Presbyterian Cluirch."
WiT.LlAMSON (P. O.) is situated in 8t. Thomas township, on the
line of the Southern Pennsylvania railroad, five miles south-west of
Marion. It was commenced about the year 1870, by Samuel Z.
Hawbaker, who then owned the land around, and who built the
principal buildings in the ])lace. There is a store, a grist and saw
mill, and about fifty inhabitants in the place.
Willow Grove is situated in Guilford township, on the Spring
road, about three miles south-east of Chambersburg. It was started
by John StoufFer, about the year 1850, and contains one grist mill,
one straw paper mill, and about one hundred and fifty inhabitants.
LIEUTENANTS AND SUIJ-LIEUTEN ANTS OF MILITIA.
In the olden time, as appears by the Colonial Records and Penn-
sj'lvania Archives, there existed an officer called the "County Lieu-
tenant," who figured prominently in all the military affairs of the
State. He was appointed by the Supreme Executive Council, and
held his office at the pleasure of that body. The office was some-
what like that of a Brigade Inspector, but the powers of the incum-
bent were greatly larger than those of this latter named officer, and
his duties much more diversified. By the act of 17th March, 1777,
(now obsolete), it was provided that "the President in Council, or
in his absence the Vice President, should appoint and commission
one reputable freeholder in the city of Philadelphia, and one in each
county, to serve as lieutenants of the militia; and also any number
of persons, not exceeding two for said city, and in the several coun-
ties any number not exceeding the number of battalions, to serve as
sMft-lieutenants, who were severally to have such rank as the Presi-
dent or Vice Presidetit might confer upon th<?m. In the absence of
the County Lieutenant, any two of the sub-lieutenants had power
to jDerform all his duties.
:;^y?^.
M>>pff-.«i..^:.vvAv
--^j^.^..^-.--- —
ST. JOHNS £V. LUTHERAN CHURCH Sr \
RSONAGE, MEROERSBURG FRANKLIN CO PA
JPa^eSr/P
i>.
L^
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 155
By the act of the 20th of March, 1780, now also obsolete, they were
each requh-ed to give bond, witli good securities, in the sum of
twenty thousand pounds. They were to divide the several counties
into miUtia districts, to contain not less than four hundred and
forty, nor more than one thousand militia-Tneo ; cause the said
militia to be enrolled ; divide each district into eight parts, or compa-
nies ; flx the time for holding elections for officers— one captain, one
lieutenant and one ensign, for each company, and one lieutenant
colonel and one major for each battalion of eight companies. They
were required to collect the militia fines, through the sub-lieuten-
ants, who were to settle every three mouths, whilst the lieutenants
were required to settle every six months, or forfeit the sum of ten
thousand pounds. The fine of an officer for non-attendance at com-
pany exercise was the price of three days' labor, and the fine of non-
commissioned officers and privates for such absence was the price of
one and a-half days' labor. At battalion trainings the fine of a field
officer for non-attendance was the price of eight days' labor, and
other commissioned officers four days labor, and privates two days
labor. All fines were collected under warrants from the County
Lieutenant by sale of all the goods of the delinquent, or by impris-
onment in jail for ten days for each fine.
The county lieutenants bought the arms for the militia — had
them marked with the name of the county, battalion and company,
and appraised all private arms and horses that went into service —
paid for those arms that were lost or horses that were killed. When
the militia were called out into service they gave them notice of the
time and place of assembling, held and-heard appeals, and granted
relief, forwarded the troops called out to their points of destination,
providing in the meanwhile for their support.
The county lieutenants were the representatives of the State gov-
ernment in military matters in the several counties, and had very
arduous and important duties to perform in the troublous times of
the revolution. To them the Supreme Executive Council issued
their orders direct, and they enforced them through their subordi-
nates — the sub-lieutenants— one of whom was attached to each bat-
talion.
The pay of the county lieutenants was the value of one and a half
bushels of wheat per day, and the pay of the sub-lieutenants, the
value of one and a quarter bushels of wheat per day, to be paid
out of the militia fines collected. On the 7th of April, 1785, Colonel
Abraham Smith, of Antrim township, was appointed lieutenant of
our county, and served until after his election as councillor, when
he resigned on the 2Sth November, 1787. On the 1st December, 1787,
Major Jeremiah Talbott was appointed lieutenant for this county,
and served until the abolition of the office under the constitution of
1 789-' 90.
156 JTiaforical Sketch of Franklin Connfi/.
JOHN DROAVN'S RAID INTO VIRGINIA.
I'lie year 1859 has become colebrMtod in tlit> annals of our conntry,
becanse of tho anti-slavery raid tlien made by Joiin lirown and his
followers into the ancient Commonwealth of Virjj^inia against human
slavery. The exciting, and oft-times bloody, struggles which took
place in Kansas, between the advocates of slavery, and the free-state
men of the nation, whilst that region of country was being settled
up, have become historical. John Brown was amongst the most
active and ardejitof the free-state men of Kansas, and owes his cog-
nomen of "Ossawatomie Brown," to his participation in one of the
fearful fights that took place there. So utterly hostile was h^ to
every thing that in any way gave sanction to human slavery, that
he became disgusted even with the Constitution of the United States,
and in the month of May, 1858, was one of a band of about fifty
ultra anti-slavery mpn who assembled at Chatham, Canada West,
and made a new constitution of forty-eight articles, and a schedule
"for the proscribed and oppressed people of the United States."
That convention, on the 8th (hiy of May, ISoS, unanimously elected
John Brown commander-in-chief of all the forces that might be
called into the field under their constitution. At the same time J.
H. Kagi was elected Secretary of War; Richard Realf, Secretary of
State; George B. Gill, Secretary of the Treasury; Owen Brown,
Treasurer; and Alfred M. Ellsworth and Osborne Anderson mem-
bers of Congress.
From that time forward the energies of John Brown were devoted
to the making of preparations for the destruction of slavery. Money
was collected and men were enlisted, both in the east and the west.
John Brown and two of his sons, under the name of Smith, visited
Virginia at various times between May, 1858, and June or July, 1859,
and Harper's Ferry was finally selected as the point for commencing
operations. The money collected by Brown was devoted to the pur-
chase of arms and munitions of war, and the payment of the
travelling expenses of those "choice spirits" whom he had persuaded
to join hiiTi in his enterprise, who were instructed to come to Cham-
bersburg in twos and threes, and there quietly take boarding, so as
not to attract attention to their movements. Of course all this was
done silently and secretly, no person but Brown and his followers
knowing ivho they were, where they came from, \\o\ what was their
purpose in coming to Chambersburg.
I. Smith, alia^ John Brown, was first seen at Chambersburg
about June or July, 1859. He was accompanied by one or two of
his sons. They got boarding for awhile at one of our hotels, and
afterwards in a private family' in one of the back streets of the town,
and professed to be engaged prospecting for minerals in the moun-
tains of Maryland and Virginia, skirting the Potomac river. Their
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 157
absences were frequfrit— sometimes shorter, sometimes longer— and
they never spoke of where they had been nor what they had been
doing. In a short time, about July or August, 1859, a number of
boxes were forwarded here through the commission house of Messrs.
Oaks & Caufman, consigned to I. Smith & Sons. These boxes were
most carefully secured, so that their contents could not be seen,
being in many cases double boxes. They were represented by the
Smiths to contain picks and mattocks, and other tools for mining,
and they were hauled away from the warehouse by persons em-
ployed by Smith, who were resident in sections of our county remote
from Chambersburg. Smith (or Brown) himself came several times
with a two-horse wagon and took away part of the goods consigned
to him, and the purchases made here by him.
There was nothing whatever in the conduct of Smith, nor of any
of those who were with him here, nor, indeed, in the character of
the freight he was receiving, to induce Messrs. Oaks & Caufman, or
any of their employes, to think that he and those with him were
not what they professed to be, nor that their consignments were not
what they said they were.
It is now known that those boxes contained Sharpe's rifles and
pistols, carbines, swords and pike heads, and ammunition suited to
the fire arms named ; but then all these things were most carefully
concealed from the most prying and inquisitive eyes.
The people of Chambersburg were greatly censured because they
did not find out what these boxes really did contain, whilst they
were passing through the warehouses here, and because they did
not discover the objects and purposes of Brown in time to' have
prevented his useless and murderous raid. But Brown told no one
here what he had in view, and his consignments came as any other
consignments did, and were delivered to him by the carriers without
a suspicion in regard to them. Besides, Brown, whilst here, openly
purchased mattocks and picks, and other articles such as he said
were in his boxes, and such as he would have had need for had his
business really been such as he stated it to be. His every act served
to prevent suspicion, and to make those dealing with him believe
that he was only what he professed to be; and when his aiad effort
had failed, and the truth became known as to who he was and what
his purposes had been, none were more surprised than were the
people of Chambersburg.
Shortly after Brown appeared in the vicinity of Harper's Ferry,
under his assumed name of I. Smith, he rented a small farm in
Maryland, a few miles from the ferry. There he took the goods he
received at Chambersburg, thus gradually collecting a considerable
quantity of arms and ammunition, and a body of twenty-two men,
of whom seventeen were white and five colored. The resolute and
loS nisforicaf Sl^ctch of Frdnldin Connfi/. .
(lariiij;- cliaractorof IJrowii was well cahMilatotl to make liiiii a leatler
in such an enterprise, and to inspire confidence in his followers.
His first effort was made Sunday evening, October 10th, 1850-
Before leaving his mountain retreat to commence operations, he
made an address to his followers, concluding thus : " And now, gen-
tlemen, let me press one thing on your minds. You all know how
dear life is to you, and how dear your lives are to your friends; and
in remenil)ering that, consider that the lives of others are as dear to
them as yours are to you. Do not, therefore, take tl)e life of any
one if you can possibly avoid it; but if it is necessary to take life in
order to save your own, then make sure work of it."
To all of those taken prisoner by Brown, and who inquired as to
the object of the proceedings, his answer was," "Tb free the slaves,^''
and to the question, by what authority he was acting, the reply was
made, " By the authority of God A/.iniyhty.^'
The result of Brown's mad undertaking is well known. Within
forty eight hours of its commencement, it was cruslied into nothing
ness by the troops of the general government, under Colonel Robert
E. Lee, and those of the Htate of Virginia, under Colonels Baylor,
Shutt, and others. Of Brown's whole band of twenty-two men, ten
whites and three negroes were killed — three whites, two of whom
were severely wounded, and two negroes, were taken prisoners, and
four escaped, two of whom, J. E. Cook and Albert Hazlett were
subsequently captured. John E. Cook, who with two or three
others had attempted to escape north, along the South mountain,
was captured in Quincy township, in our county, and was confined
in jail here for some time before his surrender to the authorities of
Virginia. In his pocket book was found a commission in the fol-
lowing form :
No. 4. He.\dquarters War Department, No. 4.
Near Harper's Ferry, Maryland.
Whereas, John E. Cook has been nominated a captain in the
army established under the Provisional Government. iVbw, The>*€-
fore, in pursuance of the authority vested in us, we do hereby ap-
point and commission said John E. Cook, captain.
Given at the office of the Secretary of War, this day, October 15, 1859.
H. Kagi, John Brown,
Secretary of War. Commander-in-Chief.
Brown was convicted November 2d, 1859, and sentenced to be hung
December 2d, 1859; Cook was convicted November 10th, 1859, and
sentenced to be hung December 16th, 1859, along with Edwin Cop-
pee, white, and Shields Green and John Copeland, colored.
Hazlett was captured at Carlisle aud surrendered to the Virginia
authorities, and subsequently tried, convicted and hung. The other
executions took place at the times appointed. When the union
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 159
arn}ies captured Eichmond they released from the penitentiary
there, a colored man named Jerry Myers, who had been tried and
convicted as an accomplice of Brown's, and sentenced to imprison-
ment for life. He denied that he had ever aught to do with Brown's
movements. After his liberation he came to Ghambersburg, where
he lived until his death, several years ago.
Looking back at the undertaking of John Brown, and all its sur-
roundings and attendant circumstances, one cannot fail to be im-
pressed with the belief that he was not in his right mind. No sane
man would have attempted what he did with such inadequate prep-
arations as he had made. Neither he, nor those acting with him,
could have reasonably hoped for success had they for a moment
seriously considered the jjower of the State upon which they made
their raid.
John Brown, upon being asked why sentence should not be passed
upon him, said : " I deny everything but what I have all along ad-
mitted, the de)<ign on my port to free the slaves. That was all I in-
tended. I never di<l intend murder, or treason, or the destruction
of property, or to excite or incite slaves to rebellion, or to make
insurrection. This court acknowledges, as I suppose, the validity
of the Law of God. I see a book kissed here which T suppose to be
the Bible, or, at least, the New Testament. That teaches me that
'all things whatsoever I would that men should do unto me, I
should do even so to them.' It teaches me further, to 'remember
them that are in bonds as bound with them.' I endeavored to act
up to that instruction. I am yet too young to understand that God
is' any respecter of persons. I believe that to interfere, as I have
done, was not wrong, but right. Now, if it is deemed necessary
that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the ends of jus-
tice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children,
and with the blood of millions in this slave country, whose rights are
disregarded by wicked, cruel and unjust enactments, I submit; so
let it be done."
Of John Brown's bravery, no testimony could be more emphatic
than that of his ojDponents. Governor Wise, who saw him after his
conviction, said: "They are mistaken who take him to be a mad-
man. He is a bundle of the best nerves I ever saw, cut, and thrust,
and bleeding, and in bonds. He is a man of clear head, of courage
and fortitude, and simple ingeniousness. He is cool, collected and
indomitable, and inspired me with great trust in his integrity as a
man of truth. He is as brave and resolute a man as ever headed an
insurrection. He has coolness, daring, persistency, stoic faith and
jDatience, and a firmness of will and purpose unconquerable. He is
the farthest possible remove from the ordinary ruffian, fanatic or
madman." Colonel Washington, also, said that "Brown was the
coolest man he ever saw in defying death and danger. With one
IGfl ' Hintorical Skefch of FrankHn Counf//.
8()i> (lead by his sido, and another shot throngli, he felt tlie pulse of
his dying son with one Imnd, held his rifle with the other, and com-
manded his men with tlie utmost composure, encouraging them to
be firm, and to sell their lives as dearly as possible."
I have referred to this chapter in the history of our country, be-
cause in our county town of Cliambersburg, unknown to our i)eople,
this great opponent of human slavery had established his base
for the receii)t of supplies for his undertaking; liere he lived for
several months; here his followers secretly and silently asseml)led :
here the oflice of his war department was established, and from
hence went out his orders north, south, east and west, and from
hence his chosen band of little over a score, went off upon that
desperate, dare-devil enterprise, in which nearly all of them ren-
dered up their lives to the furtherance of the cause they had so
blindly espoused. Unaided by any others than those leagued with
them, without the countenance of tliose surrounding them, and
with no hope of assistance from the anti-slavery element of the
country, like llie gallant six hundred at Balaklava, thej'
"Rushed into the jaws of death" —
and went down into bloody graves, martyrs to a desperate and
hopeless undertaking.
CONSTITUTIONAIi CONVENTIONS.
We have had four Constitutional Conventions in Pennsj'lvania in
the past one hundred years.
The delegates to the first Convention were elected July Sth, 1776,
in pursuance of a resolve of the Provincial Conference of Pennsylva-
nia, which met at Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, June 18th, 1776.
Among the members of that Conference from Cumberland county,
were James M'Lene, Colonel John Allison, John M'Clay, Dr. John
Calhoun and John Creigh, all of whom, T believe, were from the
region of country now in our county.
The Constitutional Convention metat Philadelphia, July loth, 1776,
and passed and adopted a constitution, which was signed September
28tli, 1776. There were eight delegates from Cumberlantl county, only
one of whom, James M'Lene, Esq., was, I believe, from our county.
The second Constitutional Convention convened in Philadeli)hia,
November 2-lth, 1789, and framed a new constitution, which was sub-
sequently adopted by the people of the State. The members fiom
Franklin county were James M'Lene and George Matthews.
The third Constitutional Convention metat Harrisburg, May 2d,
1837. After several adjournments they reassembled at Philadelphia,
November 28th, 1837, and adjourned finally February 22d, 1838. The
constitution, as amended, was adopted by the people at October
election, 1838, by one thousand two hundred and thirteen majority.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 161
This convention was composed of senatorial and rerresentative
delegates. The senatorial district composed of Frankuu, Cumber-
land and Adams counties, was represented by James Dunlop, of
Franklin county, and Levi Merkle, of Cumberland county.
The representative delegates from Franklin county were George
Chambers, of Chambersburg, and Joseph Snively, of Antrim.
The fourth and last Constitutional Convention met in the hall of
the House of Representatives, at Harrisburg, November 12th, 1872,
and on the 27th of the same month adjourned to meet in Philadel-
phia on the 7th of January, 1873. This convention was composed
of one hundred and thirty-three delegates— twenty-eight from the
State at large, and one hundred and five from the senatorial districts.
The nineteenth senatorial district, composed of the counties of
Cumberland and Franklin,, was represented by Samuel M. Wherry,
of Cumberland, and J. M'Dowell Sharpe and John Stewart, of
Franklin.
The new constitution was submitted to the voters of the Common-
wealth at a special election held 16th December, 1873, and was
adopted by a majority of one hundred and forty-four thousand three
hundred and sixty-two votes.
CONGRESSMEN.
Under the constitution of 1776, delegates to the Congress of the
United States were appointed by the General Assembly of the State,
to serve for one year, and were liable to be superseded at any time.
One of our citizens was twice appointed, viz. :
James M'Lene, 3d March, 1779, to 13th Nov., 1779, to fill a vacancy.
James M'Lene, 13th November, 1779, to 13th November, 1780.
Under the constitution of the United States, which went into
force on the first Wednesday of March, 1789, members of Congress
were required to be elected by the people. They were thereafter
elected by a general ticket throughout the State. At the first elec-
tion, held in October, 1789, there were eight members of Congress
elected, the highest vote for the successful candidates being that of
Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg, of Montgomery county— eight
thousand, seven hundred and seven votes ; and the highest vote for
the unsuccessful ticket being seven thousand and sixty-seven, for
John Allison, of Franklin county.
I am not sufiieienlly well acquainted with the residences of the
members of Congress elected between 1789 and 1802 to determine
which ones, if any of them, were from our county.
On the 2d of April, 1802, an act was passed dividing our State into
eleven congressional districts. By that act the counties of Franklin
and Bedford were made a district, to elect one member. The fol-
lowing persons were elected, and served for the following years, viz. :
21 <= J .
162 Historical Sketch of Franldin Counii/.
I8O3-I8O0, John Rea, of Franklin, .
1805-1807,
1807-1809, " "
1809-1811, " "
1811-18l;5, William Piper, of Bedfonl,
Vlllth Congress.
IXth
Xth
Xlth
xirth
ACT OK 20th march, 1812— 5TH district— CUMBERLAND, FRANK-
LIN AND ADAMS, TWO MEMBERS.
1813-1815, Robert Whitehill, Cumberland; Dr. William Crawford,
Adams; John Rea, Franklin, (1); Xlllth Congress.
1815-1817, William Maclay, Franklin ; Andrew Boden, Cumberland;
XlVth Congress.
1817-1819, William Maelay, Franklin ; Dr. William Crawford Adams;
XVth Congress.
1819-1821, David Fullerton, Franklin, (2); Andrew Boden, Cumber-
land; Thomas G. M'Culloh, Franklin (2); XVIth Congress.
Perry county was created in March, 1820, and made part of the
JF'ifth District, and so voted at the regular election in 1821, when
Colonel John Findlay was first elected.
1821-1823, James M'Sherry, Adams; James Duncan, (3), Cumber-
land; John Findlay, (3), Franklin; XVIIth Congress.
ACT OF 2d APRIL, 1822— llTH DISTRICT— ADAMS, FRANKLIN, CUM-
BERLAND AND PERRY, TWO MEMBERS.
1823-1825, John Findlay, Franklin; James Wilson, Adams; XVIIIth
Congress.
1825-1827, John Findlay, Franklin; James Wilson, Adams; XlXth
Congress.
1827-1829, James Wilson, Adams; William Ramsay, Cumberland;
XXth Congress.
1829-1831, Thomas H. Crawford, Franklin; William Ramsay, Cum-
berland ; XXIst Congress.
1831-1833, Thomas H. Crawford, Franklin ; William Ramsay, Cum-
berland ; XXIId Congress.
ACT OF 9th JUNE, 1832 — 12TH DISTRICT — ADAMS AND FRANKLIN,
ONE MEMBER.
1833-1835, George Chambers, Franklin, .
1835-1837, "
1837-1839, Daniel Sheffer, Adams, .
1839-1841, James Cooper, "
1841-1843, " " " . .
XXIIId Congress.
XXIVth "
XXVth "
XXVIth
XXVIIth "
Historical Sketch of FranJdin County. 163
ACT OF 25th march, 1843— 16th district— franklin, cumber-
land AND PERRY.
1843-1845, James Black, Perry, . . . XXVIIIth Congress.
1845-1847, '' " " ... . XXIXth
1847-1849, Jasper E. Brady, Franklin, . XXXth "
1849-1851, James X. M'Lanahan, Franklin, XXXIst "
1851-1853, " " " XXXIId "
act of 1st may, 1852— 17TH district— ad AMS, franklin, FULTON,
BEDFORD AND JUNIATA.
1853-1855, Samuel L. Russell, Bedford,
1855-1857, David F. Robison, Franklin,
1857-1859, Wilson Reilly, Franklin, .
1859-1861, Edward M'Pherson, Adams,
1861-1863, " " "
XXXIIId Congress.
XXXI Vth
XXX Vth
XXXVIth
XXXVIIth "
ACT OF 10th APRIL, 1862 — 16TH DISTRICT— ADAMS, FRANKLIN, FUL-
TON, BEDFORD AND SOMERSET.
1863-1865, Alex. H. Coffroth, Somerset, . XXXVIIIth Congress.
(- A. H. Coffroth, (4), Somerset, •>
1865-1867, { ^.jii^,^ jj. Kiontz, " } XXXIXth
1867-1869, " " " XLth
1869-1871, John Cessna, Bedford, . . XLTst
1871-1873, Benjamin F. Myers, Bedford, XLIId
1873-1875, John Cessna, " . XLIIId
ACT OF 28TH APRIL, 1873— 18TH DISTRICT— franklin, PULTON,
JUNIATA, HUNTINGDON, SNYDER AND PERRY.
1875-1877, William S. Stenger, Franklin, . XLIVth Congress.
1877-1879, " " " . XLVth "
(1) Robert Whitehill and Dr. William Crawford, were elected for
the Fifth District in 1812, but Mr. Whitehill died April 7th, 1813,
soon after his return home, upon the adjournment of the Xllth
Congress, of which he had been a member from another district, of
which Cumberland formed a part ; and at a special election held on
the 11th May, 1813, John Rea was chosen to fill the vacancy, by a
majority of five hundred and twenty-three over Edward Crawford,
of Franklin. He took his seat in the extra session of Congress,
which met in May, 1813.
164 Jlixtorical Sketch of Franldhi Count//.
(2) David Fullorton resigned after the close of his first session in
Congress, because his constituents disapproved of his votes upon the
Missouri Compromise, and upon some otlier (juestions. On tlie 9th
of October, 1820, Thomas G. M'CulIoh was elected to fill the vacancy.
He took his seat l.'itli November, 1820, and served until the od of
March, 1821.
(3) At the regular election in 1820, James M'Sherry, of Adams,
and James Duncan, of Cumberland, were elected ; but before the
meeting of the XVIIlh Congress, Mr. Duncan resigned, and at the
regular election in 1821, John Findlay, of F'ranklin, was chosen his
successor over Thomas G. M'CuUoh.
(4) At the opening of the first session of the XXXIXth Congress,
Mr. Cotlroth was awarded a seat on a 2J7-lma-fncie case, and served
during most of the session, but Mr. Koontz obtained the seal on a
contest, and was sworn in July 18th, 18GG.
I.EGISLATOKS — SUPREME EXECUTIVE COUNCIL— SENATE.
Under the constitution of 1770, which was in force when the
county of Franklin was organized, there was no State Senate. The
State was governed by an Assembly of the Representatives of the
freemen of the State, and by a President and Council. Councillors
were elected for three years. The following persons served as Coun-
cillors for this county, viz. :
James M'Lene, from 1784 to 1787
Abraham Smith, " 1787 to 1790
Under the constitution of 1790, the Supreme Executive Council
was abolished, and it was provided that the government of the
State should be carried on by a Governor, and a Senate and House
of Representatives, all of whom were to be elected by the people,
the Governor to hold oflfice for three years. Senators for four years,
and Representatives for one year. The following are the senatorial
districts in which Franklin county has been since 1790, and the
names of the various persons who have represented this district in
the Senate, with their terms of service.
DISTRICT — FRANKLIN AND BEDFORD.
Abraham Smith, of Franklin, from Dec, 1790, to December, 1794
Thomas Johnston, " " " 1794, to " 1803
James Foe, " " " 1803, to " 1807
Archibald Rankin, " " " 1807, to " 1811
By the act of 21st March, 1808, Frankliji county was made a sen-
atorial district, and given one Senator.
1819,
to
" 1823
1823,
to
" 1824
1824,
to
" 1827
1827,
to
" 1889
Historical Sketch of FranhUn County. 165
James Poe, from Dec, 1811, to Dec, 1819
Robert Smith, ....
John Rea, (resigned), ... "
James Dunlop, ....
David Fullerton, .... "
By the act of 16th June, 1836, Franklin, Cumberland and Adams
were made a senatorial district, to elect tivo Senators. The persons
who served under this act in this district, were—
Charles B. Penrose, of Cumberland, from Dec, 1837, to Dec, 1841
Jacob Cassat, of Adams, from December 1887, to December 25, 1838, (1)
Thomas C. Miller, of Adams, from Jan. 13, 1839, to December, 1841
Under the constitution of 1838, the senatorial term was reduced to
three years. The Senators were —
William R. Gorgas, of Cumberland, . for 1842, 1843 and 1844
James X. M'Lanahan, of Franklin, . " " " " "
By the act of 14th April, 1843, Franklin and Adams were made a
senatorial district, to elect one member. The Senators were —
Thomas Carson, of Franklin, .... 1845,1846,1847
William R. Sadler, of Adams, .... 1848,1849,1850
Thomas Carson, of Franklin, .... 1851, 1852, 1853
David Mellinger, of Adams, .... 1854, 1855, 1856
George W. Brewer of Franklin, .... 1857, 1858, 1859
By the act of 20th May, 1857, Adams, Franklin and Fulton were
made a senatorial district, and given one Senator. The Senators
were —
A. K. M'Ckire, of Franklin, .... 1860, 1861, 1862
William M'Sherry, of Adains, .... 1863, 1864, 1865
David M'Conaughy, of Adams, . . • . 1866, 1867, 1868
Calvin M. Duncan, of Franklin, . . . 1869, 1870, 1871
By the act of 6th May, 1871, Cumberland and Franklin were made
a senatorial district, to elect one member. Under it James M.
Weakley, of Cumberland, served in 1872, 1873 and 1874.
By the constitution of 1873, the senatorial term was again made
four years.
By the act of May 19th, 1874, Franklin and Huntingdon w-ere
made a senatorial district, to elect one member. Under it the Sen-
ator elected in this district in 1874, was to serve but two years.
Chambers M'Kibbin, of Franklin, served in 1875 and 1876; Hora-
tio G. Fisher, of Huntingdon, elected November, 1876, for four years.
(1) Mr. Cassat died at Harrisburg during his second session in the
Senate, on the 25th of December, 1838, and General Thomas C. Miller,
of Adams county, was elected to till the vacancy. He subsequently
removed to Cumberland county, and died there a few years ago.
166 Historical Sketch of Franfclin County.
HOUSE OF RKPKESENTATIVES.
Names of persons who have represented the county of Franklin
in the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania:
1784-1785, James Johnston, Abraham Smith, James M'Cammont.
1785-1786, James M'Cammont, Abraham Smith, John Rea.
1786-17S7, Abraluim Smith, James M'Cammont.
1787-1788, James M'Leue, James M'Cammont.
1 788-1789, James M'Lene, James Johnston.
1789-1790, James Johnston, John Rea.
1790-1791, James Johnston, James M'Lene,
1791-1792, James Johnston, John Maclay.
1792-1793, James Johnston, John Rea.
1793-1794, James M'Lene, John Maclay.
1794-1795, William Henderson, James Poe, Daniel Royer.
1795-1796, William Henderson, James Poe, Daniel Royer.
1796-1797, James Poe, William Henderson, John Rea.
1797-1798, William Henderson, John Rea, William Findlay.
1798-1799, John Scott, Andrew Duulop, John Spear.
1799-1800, Daniel Royer, John Scott, Andrew Dunlop,
1800-1801, John Rea, James Poe, John Statler.
1801-1802, John Rea, James Poe, John Statler.
1802-18ii3, Robert Peebles, James Poe, John Statler.
1803-1804, William Fiudlay, Robert Peebles, Jacob Dechert.
1804-1805, William Findlay, Jacob Dechert, James M'Connell,
1805-1806, William Findlay, Jacob Dechert, James M'Connell.
1806-1807, William Findlay, William M'Clelland, George Nigh.
1807-1808, William Maclay, Robert Smith, Jacob Heyser.
1808-1809, William Maclay, Robert Smith, Jacob Heyser.
1809-1810, Jacob Dechert, James Smith, Archibald Bard.
1810-1811, Jacob Dechert, James Smith, Archibald Bard.
1811-1812, Robert Smith, James Smith, Jacob Dechert.
1812-1813, Robert Smith, David Maclay, Jacob Dechert.
1813-18)4, Robert Smith, David Maclay, Jacob Dechert.
1814-1815, Jacob Heyser, Patrick Cami^bell, John Cox.
1815-1816, Robert Smith, Jacob Dechert, David Maclay.
1816-1817, Andrew Robeson, Stephen Wilson, Ludwig Heck.
1817-1818, Andrew Robeson, Stephen Wilson, Ludwig Heck.
1818-1819, Andrew Robeson, Stephen Wilson, Ludwig Heck.
1819-1820, Andrew Robeson, William Alexander, Ludwig Heck,
1820-1821, Samuel Dunn, John Stoner, Robert Croolts.
1821-1822, John Holliday, Peter S. Dechert, John Flanagan.
1822-1823, John King, John Holliday, Peter S. Dechert.
1823-1824, Frederick Smith, Robert Smith, William Maclay.
1824-1825, Frederick Smith, James Walker, William Alexander.
1825-1826, Frederick Smith, James Walker, William Alexander.
.i^%ti
W^^csuMiiiu, „„„|^„.«Spffi»a.
*>r"-sv*^
V t.mLMEs,Fm.
^ "3
MOUflTAIN SPf!IN&
-— ff?AN«'tfNCd.,PA- —
V.£. Holmes, f^o.
^^ ^x.ij!*®"
WMorical Sketch of Franklin County. 167
. 1826-1827, Frederick Smith, James Walker, Peter Aughinbaugh.
1827-1828, Philip Berlin, Andrew Robeson, Benjamin Reynolds.
1828-1829, Ludwig Heck, William Boal, John Cox.
1829-1830, Frederick Smith, John Cox.
1830-1831, Frederick Smith, John Cox.
1831-1832, James Dunlop, Thomas G. M'Culloh.
1832-1833, Thomas Bard, Thomas G. M'Culloh.
1833-1834, Thomas H. Crawford, William S. M'Dowell.
1834-1835, Thomas G. M'Culloh, Thomas Carson.
1835-1836, Thomas Carson, John D. Work.
1836-1837, John D. Work, John Flanagan.
1837-1838, James Colhoun, Henry Funk.
1838-1839, William M'Kinstry, Frederick Smith.
1840, William M'Kinstry, James Nill.
1841, Andrew Snively, Joseph Pomeroy.
1842, Andrew Snively, Peter Cook.
1843, Jacob Walter, Thomas Carson.
1844, Jasper E. Brady, Thomas Carson.
1845, Jasper E. Brady, Andrew Snively.
1846, John Stewart, John M. Pomeroy.
1847, Thompson M'Allister, John M. Pomeroy.
1848, William Baker, Samuel Seibert.
1849, William Baker, Samuel Seibert.
1850, William Baker, John M'Lean.
1851, David Maclay, John M'Lean.
1852, David Maclay, George A. Madeira.
1853, John Rowe, Charles T. Campbell.
1854, John Rowe, Samuel Gilmore.
1855, James B. Orr, James Lowe.
1856, James B. Orr, James C. Boyd.
1857, George Jacobs, John Witherow.
By act of 20th May, 1857, Franklin and Fulton were made a dis-
trict and given two members.
1858, A. K. M'Clure, James Nill.
1859, A. K. M'Clure, James Nill.
1860, James R. Brewster; James C. Austin, of Fulton.
1861, James R. Brewster; James C. Austin, "
1862, John Rowe; WilUam W. Sellers, "
1863, Jonathan Jacoby; William Horton "
1864, J. M'Dowell Sharpe; WiUiam Horton, "
By act of 5th May, 1864, Franklin and Perry were made a district
and given two members.
1865, A. K. M'Clure, J. M'Dowell Sharpe.
1866, F. S. Stumbaugh ; G. A. Shuman, of Perry.
1867, F. S. Stumbaugh; G. A. Shuman,
J68 Historical Sketch of Franklin Counti/.
1868, B. F. Winger; John Shively, of Perry county.
18(59, John H. Walker; John Shively, "
1870, George W. Skinner; D. B. Miliiken,
1871, George W. Skinner; D. B. Miliiken, "
By act of 6tli May, 1871, Franklin was made a district and given
one member.
1872, Thaddeus M. Mahon,
1878, Thaddeus M. Mahon.
1874, George W. Welsh.
By act of 19th May, 1874, Franklin was given three members.
1875, Hastings Gehr, M. A. Embich, Simon Lechron.
1876, Hastings Gehr, M. A. Embich, Simon Lechron.
1877-1878, Hastings Gehr, H. C. Greenawalt, William A. Burgess.
JUDICIARY — LIST OF OUR JUDGES SINCE 1790— 4tH DISTRICT —
FRANKLIN, BEDFORD, HUNTINGDON AND MIFFLIN.
President Judge — Thomas Smith, from 20th August, 1791, to 31st
January, 1794.
Associates — James M'Dowell, First Associate, 17th. August, 1791 ;
James Maxwell, Second Associate, 17th August, 1791; George
Matthews, Third Associate, 17th August, 1791; James M'Cammont,
Fourth Associate, 17th August, 1791.
4th district— 1794 — Cumberland, franklin, Bedford, Hun-
tingdon AND MIFFLIN.
President Judge — James Riddle, of Chambersburg, from 4th Feb-
ruary, 1794, to latter part of 1804.
Associates — James M'Dowell, George Matthews, James M'Cam-
mont; James Chambers, from November 12th, 1795, until his death,
April 25th, 1805,
9th district — 1806— ADAMS, CUMBERLAND AND FRANKLIN.
President Judge — James Hamilton, of Carlisle, from 1st March,
1806, to 13th March, 1819.
Associates — James M'Cammont, till his death, in 1809; James
Maxwell, James M'Dowell; William Maclay, September 2d, 1809;
Archibald Bard, April 2d, 1811 ; Isaac Eaton, January 9th, 1815.
9th district- 1819— ADAMS, CUMBERLAND AND FRANKLIN.
President Judge — Charles Smith, of Carlisle, from March 27th,
1819, to April 27th, 1820.
Associates — Archibald Bard, Isaac Eaton.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 169
9th district — 1820— CUMBFJKLAND, FRANKLIN, ADAMS AND PERRY.
President Judge — John Reed, of Carlisle, from 10th July, 1820, till
29th March, 1824.
^ssocm!les— Archibald Bard, Isaac Eaton ; Jacob Oyster, August
23d, 1823.
16th district— 1824 — franklin, Bedford and somerset.
FORMED 29th march, 1824.
President Judge— John Tod, of Bedford, appointed June 8th, 1824;
served till 25th May, 1S27, when he was appointed a Justice of the
Supreme Court.
^.ssociaiJ'^s— Archibald Bard, Jacob Oyster.
16th district— 1827— franklin, BEDFORD AND SOMERSET.
President Judge— Alexander Thompson, of Bedford, from 2oth
June 1827, till 1842.
Associates — Archibald Bard ; Jacob Oyster; Matthew Patton, from
October 9th, 1830; William M'Kesson, from November 7th, 1832;
Robert Smith, from December 12th, 1836.
By the constitution of 1838, the terms of the Judges then Id com-
mission were all shortened and terminated ; and thereafter the
President Judges were nominated by the Governor, with the consent
of the Senate, to hold for ten years, and Associate Judges to hold
for Jive years.
16th district— 1842— franklin, Bedford and somerset.
President Judge— Jeremiah S. Black, of Somerset, from 30th June,
1841, to 1st Monday in December, 1851.
Associates — Robert Smith; James J. Kennedy, March 5th, 1842;
Samuel Dun, March 5th, 1843; Henry Ruby, March 5th, 1847; John
Orr, March 9th, 1848.
By the amendment to the constitution of 1850, the Judges were
all made elective.
16th district— 1852— franklin, FULTON, BEDFORD AND SOMERSET.
President Judge— FrauGis M. Kimmell, of Somerset, from first
Monday in December, 1851.
Associates— James L. Black, first Monday in December, 1851 ;
Thomas Pomeroy, first Monday in December, 1851 ; John Huber,
first Monday in December, 1856; James O. Carson, first Monday in
December, 1856 ; John Orr, first Monday in December, 1857,
22
170 Historical Sketch of Franklin Countfj.
16th district— 1862— franklin, FULTON, BEDFORD AND SOMERSET,
President Judge — James Nill, of Chambersburg, from first Monday
in December, 1861, till his death, May 27th, 1864.
Associates — John Orr, James O. Carson, first Monday in December,
1861 ; W. W. Paxton, first Monday in December, 1862.
16th district— 1864— franklin, fulton, Bedford and somerset.
President Judge — Alexander King, of Bedford, from 4th June,
1864, till his death, January 10th, 1871. (1)
^ssoc«<!!e6— James O. Carson, W. W. Paxton; James Ferguson,
froai first Monday in December, 1866; John Armstrong, from first
Monday in December, 1867.
Additional Law Judge— J). W. Rowe, from 18th March. 1868. (2)
16th district— 1871— franklin, fulton, BEDFORD AND SOMERSET.
President Ji/d(/e— William M. Hall, of Bedford, from February
1st, 1871, till 17th April, 1874. (3)
Additional Law Judge — D. W. Rowe.
Associates— James Ferguson, John Armstrong ; James D. M'Dow-
ell, from first Monday in December, 1871 ; David Oaks, from the
first Monday in December, 1872.
39th DISTRICT — 1874— FRANKLIN AND FULTOX.
President Judge— D.yV . Rowe, of Green castle, from 17th April, 1874.
Associates— 5 ames, D. M'Dowell ; David Oaks, till his death, De-
cember 2d, 1874.
(1) Judge King was appointed June 4th, 1864, to fill the vacancy
caused by the death of Judge Nill. He was elected President Judge,
October, 1864, and was commissioned December 3d, 1864, for ten
years.
(2) Judge Rowe was appointed Additional Law Judge, 18th
March, 1868. He was elected to the same position in October, 1868,
for ten years from first Monday in December, 1808. Under the con-
stitution of 1873, Franklin county became a separate judicial district,
to which Fulton county has been attached, and on the 17th April,
1874, Hon. D. Watson Rowe, was commissioned President Judge of
the thirty-ninth district, to hold for the balance of his term as Ad-
ditional Law Judge, viz. , till the first Momiay of December, 1878.
(3) Appointed 1st February, 1871, to fill vacancy caused by death of
Judge King ; nominated and elected October, 1871, for full term of
ten years. The district having been divided, Bedford and Somerset
counties were continued as the sixteenth district, and Judge Hall
continues to preside there.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
171
COUNTY OFFICERS— PROTHONOTAEIES.
Edward Crawford, Jr.,
Edward Crawford,
Edward Crawford,
Edward Crawford, cont
Edward Crawford,
Jonn Findlay,
John Findlay,
John Shryock,
John Hershberger,
John Hershberger,
John Flanagan,
John Flanagfin,
Joseph Minnich,
Recommissioned,
Mathias Nead,
Mathias Nead,
Mathias Nead,
Thomas P. Bard, .
James Wright, ,
Isaac H. M'Cauley,
Abraham K. Weir,
Hirara C. Keyser, .
Abraham D. Caufman,
K. S. Taylor, .
William H. M'Dowell,
George W. Welsh, .
John A. Hyssong, .
John A. Hyssong, .
When Appointed.
September 10th, 1784
August I7th, 1791
nued by proclamation,
January
ELECTED HEREAFTER
January
April
Ftrbruary
January
8th, 1800
1802
1805
27th, 1809
1st, 1818
8th, 1821
14th, 1824
December 30th, 1826
January 28th, 1830
December 24th, 1832
January 18th, 1836
January 2d, 1839
January 29th, 1839
November 14th, 1839
November 12th, 1842
November 17th, 1845
November 25th, 1848
November 22d, 1851
November 14th, 1854
December 1st, 1857
December 1st, 1860
December 1st, 1863
December 1st, 1866
December 1st, 1869
December 1st, 1872
first Monday of January, 1876
REGISTERS AND RECORDERS.
Edward Crawford, Jr., ..... September 10th, 1784
Edward Crawford, Jr., ..... September 4th, 1790
Edward Crawford, continued, . . . December 13th, 1790
Edward Crawford, January 8th, 1800
Edward Crawford, continued by proclamation, 1802
Edward Crawford, " '' " 1805
John Findlay, January 27th, 1809
Peter Spyker Dechert, April 1st, 1818
Joseph Culbertson, . . . . . February 8th, 1821
172 Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
BEGISTKR AND RECORDER AND CLERK OE ORPHANS' COURT.
When Appointed.
John Findlay, Jr.,
John Findlay, Jr.,
January 14th, 1824
December 30th, 1826
REGISTERS AND RECORDERS.
Paul J. Hetich,
Paul J Hetich,
Joseph Pritts,
Recommissioned,
Henry Ruby. .
Henry Ruby, .
John W. Reges,
James Watson,
Benjamin Mentzer,
David Oaks,
George H. Merkleln,
George W. Toms, .
Edward C. Boyd, .
Henry Strickler,
Henry Strickler,
Hiram T. Snyder, .
Adolphus A. Skinner,
Adolphus A. Skinner
ELECTED HEREAFTER.
January
28th,
1830
December
24th,
1832
January
18th,
1836
January
2d,
1839
January
29th,
1839
November
14th,
1839
"TER.
November
12th,
1842
November
17th,
1845
November
25 th.
1848
November
22d,
1851
November
14th,
1854
December
1st,
1857
December
1st,
1860
December
1st,
1863
December
1st,
1866
December
1st
1869
December
1st
1872
1st Monday of Jan
uar^'
1876
CLERK OF THE COURT OF QUARTEK SESSIONS, OYER AND TERMINER
AND ORPHANS' COURT.
Edv^^ard Crawford, Jr., September 10th, 1784
Edward Crawford, Jr., August 17th, 1791
Edward Crawford, • January 8th, 180fi
Edward Crawford, continued by proclamation, 1802
Edward Crawford, " " " 1805
John Findlay . January 27th, 1809
John Findlay, April 1st, 1818
John Shryock, February 8th, 1821
CLERK OF QUARTER SESSIONS AND OYER AND TERMINER,
John Hershberger,
John Hershberger,
January 14th, 1824
December 30th, 1826
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
173
CLERK OF QUARTER SESSIONS, OYER AND TERMINER AND ORPHANS'
COURT.
Richard Morrow,
Richard Morrow,
Joseph Morrow,
Recommissioned
John Wood, .
John Wood, .
John Wood, .
John M. Fislier,
Josiah W. Fletcher,
Henry S. Stoner, .
Henry S. Stoner, .
B. Y. Hamsher,
William G. Mitchell,
William G. Mitchell,
Thaddeus M. Mahon,
Bernard A. Cormany,
Lewis W. Detrich,
W. Rush Gillan, .
ELECTED HEREAFTER
When Appointed.
January 28th, 1830
December 24th
January 18th
January 2d
January 29th
November 14th
November 12th
November 17th
November 25th
November 22d
November 14th
December 1st
December
December
December
December
December
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st
1st Monday of January
1832
1836
1839
1839
1839
1842
1845
1848
1851
1854
1857
1860
1863
1866
1869
1872
1876
SHERIFFS.
Jeremiah Talbot,
Jeremiah Talbot,
Jeremiah Talbot,
John Johnston,
John Johnston,
John Johnston,
Heury Work,
Robert Shannon,
George Hetich,
John Hetich,
John Brotherton,
Jacob Snider,
Jacob Merkle,
W^illiam Alexander,
Thomas Alexander,
Jeremiah Snider,
John Maclay,
David Washabaugh.
Archibald Fleming,
October 20th, 1784, for one year.
26th, 1785, "
23d, 1786, "
23d, 1787, "
November 8th, 1788, "
" 5th, 1789, "
from October, 1790, to October, 1793.
1793, " 1796.
1796, " 1799.
1799, " 1802.
181(2, " 1805.
1805, " 1808.
1808, to Nov. court, 1811.
Nov. court, 1811, to Nov. court, 1814.
1814, " " 1817.
1817, '• " 1820.
1820, to June, 1823.
16th June, 1823, to Nov. court, 1823.
Nov. court, 1823, " " 1826.
174
Historical SIcetch of Franklin Count;/.
Joseph Culbertson, from
David Washabaugh, "
Ennion Elliott, '*
James Burns, "
George Hoffman, "
William Gilmore, "
Adam M'Kinnie, "
John W. Taylor, "
Thomas J. Earley, "
William Skinner, "
Jacob S. Brown, "
William M'Grath,
Samuel Brandt, *'
John Doebler, "
J. W. Fletcher, "
S. F. Greenawalt, "
John Sweney, "
Nov. court.
1826, to Nov. court.
182?y,
1S29, "
1832,
1832, "
1835.
1835, "
1838.
1838, "
1841.
1841, "
1844,
1844, to October"
1847.
Oct. court.
1847, "
1850.
u
1850, to Nov. "
1853.
Nov. court
1853, to Oct.
1856.
Oct. court,
1856, to Nov. 18th,
1859.
Nov. 18th,
1859, to Oct. 18th,
1862.
October,
1862, to November
1865.
November,
1865, to October,
1868.
October,
1K68, to November
, 1871.
November,
1871, t > Jan. 4th,
1875.
January 4ti
», 1875, to
CORONERS.
John Rea, . -
John Johnston,
Conrad Snyder,
Conrad Snyder,
George Clark,
George Clark,
George Clark,
Matthew Duncan, .
Archibald Rankin,
Archibald Rankin,
James Campbell, .
Andrew Robeson, .
Robert Liggett,
William Young,
Thomas M'Kinstry,
William Young,
David Washabaugh,
James Burns, .
Allen K. Campbell,
John Tritle,
James M'Dowell, .
William Slyder, .
Alexander Hamilton,
John M. M'Dowell,
James Burns,
October
20th,
1784
October
26th
1785
November 20th
1786
October
23d
1787
November
8th
1788
November
5th
1789
October
22d
1790
October
21st
1793
October
21st
3 796
January
19th
1801
October
28th
1805
January
11th
1809
May
1st
1812
February
14th
1815
October
24th
1817
December
5th
1820
March
6th
1824
January
22d
1827
November
24th
1829
November
29th
, 1882
November
18th
, 1835
October
30th
, 1838
November
16th
, 1841
November
6th
, 1844
November
3d
,1849
Historical Sketch of Fixmklin County.
175
COUNTY TREASURERS
wereappointed by the County Commissioners until the act of 27th May,
1841, provided for their election, in October of that year, to hold office
for two years, from the first Monday of January after their election.
The following is a list of the names of those persons who have
been Treasurers of this county, with their years of service,
Dr, George Clingan, ..!.... 1785-1790
Matthew Wilson, 1790-1793
John Riddle, . 1793-1796
Patrick Campbell, . «, 1796-1806
David Denny, . . . . . . . . . 1806-1809
Jacob Heyser, 1809-1812
Henry Reges, , • . 1812-1814
John Hershberger, ' . . 1814-1817
Jacob Heyser, 1817-1820
William Heyser, 1820-1823
Samuel G. Calhoun, . . . . . . . . 1823-1824
Dr. John Sloan, 1824-1825
Hugh Greenfield, . ,- __ 1825-1827
Williann Hamilton, . . . , . . . . 1827
Daniel Spangler 1827-1830
Joseph Pritts, 1830-1832
Henry Smith, ......... 1832
Jasper E. Brady, , . 1833-1836
George Garlin, Jr., . 1836-1839
Henry Smith, . . * 1839-1842
ELECTED HEREAFTER FOR TWO YEARS.
Joseph Pritts, . . . 1842-1844
George K. Harper, 1844-1846
George Garlin, 1846-1848
William M' Lei Ian, . . . . • • , . 1848-1850
Lewis Denig, 1850-1852
Washington Crooks, 1852-1854
Daniel K. Wunderlich, 1854-1856
J. Smith Grier, . . . 1856-1858
William D. M'Kinstry, 1858-1860
John StouflTer, ......... 1860-1862
George J. Balsley, 1862-1864
James G. Elder, • . 1864-1866
JohnHassler, 1866-1868
George W.-Skinner, 1868-1870
William Reber, 1870-1872
Samuel Knisely, > . , . 1872-1874
Hiram M. White, 1874-1876
Elias K. Lehman, 1876-1878
J 76 Historical Sketch of Franfdin Counii/.
COUNTY COMMISSIONEKS.
1785, James Poe.
1786, John Work.
1787, John Beard.
1788, Bobert Boyd, James M'Connell, William Allison.
1789, James M'^Connell, William Allison, Josiah Crawford,
1790, William Allison, Josiah Crawford, Matthew Wilson.
1791, Matthew Wilson, James Poe, Daniel Rover.
1792, Matthew Wilson, James Poe, John Work.
1793, James Poe, Daniel Royer, James Chambers,
1794, Daniel Royer, James Chambers, George Hetich,
1795, James Chambers, George Hetich, Heniy Work.
1796, George Hetich, Henry Work, William Scott.
1797, Henry Work, William Scott, William Allison.
1798, William Scott, William Allison, James Irvin,
1799, William Allison, James Irvin, John Holliday.
1800, James Irvin, John Holliday, Nathan M'Doweli.
1801, John Holliday, Robert M'Doweli, David Maclay,
1802, R. M'Doweli, David Maclay.
1803, R. M'Doweli, David Maclay, William Rankin.
1804, R. M'Doweli, David Maclay, Archibald Rankin, Jacob Heyser.
1805, William M'Clay, Archibald Rankin, Jacob Heyser.
1806, William M'Clay, Jacob Heyser, Patrick Campbell.
1807, Jacob Heyser, Patrick Campbell, John Royer.
1808, Pat Campbell, James Smith, Jacob Dechert.
1809, Jacob Dechert, John Rothbaust, Robert Crooks.
1810, John Rothbaust, Robert Crooks, William Alexander.
1811, John Rothbaust, Robert Crooks, William Alexander.
1812, David Rankin, John Cox, Ludwig Heck.
1813, David Rankin, John Cox, Ludwig Heck,
1814, John Cox, Ludwig Heck, Isaac Eaton.
1815, Ludwig Heck, James M'Doweli, John M. Maclay.
1816, James M'Doweli, John M. Maclay, William Bleakney,
1817, John M, Maclay, William Bleakney, Philip Berlin.
1818, William Bleakney, Philip Berlin, William Ripi:)ey, Jr.
1819, Philip Berlin, William Rippey, Jr., David Beshore.
1820, William Rippey, Jr., David Beshore, Frederick Miller,
1821, Frederick Miller, David Beshore, Andrew Thomson.
1822, David Beshore, Frederick Miller, Andrew Thomson.
1823, Andrew Thomson, James Walker, Jacob Wunderlich,
1824, Jacob Wunderlich, Philip Laufman, David FuUerton.
1825, Jacob Wunderlich, Philip Laufman, Benjamin Keyser,
1826, Philip Laufman, Benjamin Keyser, William Heyser.
1827, William Heyser, Benjamin Keyser, John Walker,
1828, William Heyser, John Walker, Daniel Shaffer.
1829, John Walker, Daniel Shaffer, John Radebaugh,
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. / 177
1830, Daniel Shaffer, John Radebaugh, John Walker. ''
1831, Daniel Shaffer, John Radebaugh, Jacob Walter.
1832, John Radebaugh, Jacob Walter, Samuel Dunn.
1S33, Samuel Dunn, Joseph Culbertson, John Cox.
1884, Joseph Culbertson, John Cox, Tobias Funk.
1835, John Cox, Tobias Funk, George Hoffman.
1836, Tobias Funk, George Hoffman, George Johnston.
1837, George Hoffman, John Johnston, John Johnston, (of George).
1838, John Johnston, John Johnston, (of George), George Hoffman.
1839, John Johnston, (of George), D. Washabaugh, Emanuel Hade.
1840, John Johnston, (of George), D. Washabaugh, Emanuel Hade."
1841, D. Washabaugh, Emanuel Hade, William Seibert.
1842, Emanuel Hade, William Seibert, Garland Anderson.
1843, William Seibert, G. Anderson, James Burns.
1844, G. Anderson, James Burns, Jacob Oyster.
1845, James Burns, Jacob Oyster, Thomas Pumroy.
1846, Jacob Oyster, Thomas Pumroy, James Davison.
1847, Thomas Pumroy, James Davison, George A. Madeira.
1848, James Davison, George A Madeira, Dewalt Keefer.
1849, G. A. Madeira, Dewalt Keefer, John A. Shank.
1850, D. Keefer, John A. Shank, George S. Eyster.
1851, John A. Shank, George S. Eyster, James Lowe.
1852, George S. Eyster, James Lowe, John Alexander.
1853, James Lowe, John Alexander, John Huber.
1854, John Alexander, John Huber, Jos. Johnston.
1855, John Huber, Jos. Johnston, Robert M'llvaney.
1856, Jos. Johnston, Robert M'llvaney, Samuel Myers.
1857, Robert M'llvaney, Samuel Myers, D. M. Leisher.
1858, Samuel Myers, D. M. Leisher, John S. Nimmon.
1859, D. M. Leisher, John S. Nimmon, J. A. Eyster.
1860, J. S. Nimmon, J. A. Eyster, Jacob S. Good.
1861, J. A. Eyster, Jacob S. Good, James D. Scott.
1862, Jacob S. Good, James D. Scott, John Nitterhouse.
1863, James D. Scott, John Nitterhouse, John Downey.
1864, John Nitterhouse, John Downey, Henry Good.
1865, John Downey, Henry Good, John Armstrong.
1866, Henry Good, John Armstrong, Daniel Skinner.
1867, John Armstrong, Daniel Skinner, Jonas C. Palmer.
1868, Daniel Skinner, J. C. Palmer, William Shinafield.
1869, J. C. Palmer, William Shinafield, E. K. Lehman.
1870, William Shinafield, E. K. Lehman, J. B. Brumbaugh.
1871, E. K. Lehman, J. B. Brumbaugh, S. M. Worley.
1872, J. B. Brumbaugh, S. M. Worley, R. J. Boyd.
1873, S. M. Worley, R. J. Boyd, Jacob Kauffman.
1874, R. J. Boyd, Jacob Kauffman, W. D. Guthrie.
1875, Jacob Kauffman, W. D. Guthrie, Samuel Coble.
11
Historical Sketch of Franklin Count >/.
1876, Daniel Gelwix, James Patton, J. Watson Craig.
Note.— James Poe, Joli
during the years 1785, 1781)
Clil-
Unknown,
Robert Boyd,
Unknown,
James Parks,
William Scott,
William Orbison,
William Ward, Jr.,
Thomas G. M'Culloh,
J. M. Russell,
E. B. Mendenhall,
Henry Reges,
William M. M'Bowell
Peter S. Deckhert,
Daniel Spangler,
Hiram Cox, .
John Colhoun,
Richard Morrow,
Henry Smith,
James R. Kirby, .
I. H. M'Cauley, .
A. H. M'Culloh, .
John M. Fisher, .
Thomas L. Fletcher,
Jacob Sellers,
William Gelwicks,
Jacob Sellers,
Samuel Longenecker,
George Foreman,
H. C. Koontz,
H. C. Keyser,
H. S. Shade,
H. C. Keyser,
Thomas M. Nelson,
Work and John IJeard served as Commissioners
nd 1787.
KKS TO COMMISSIONERS.
PARTIAL, LIST OF COUNTY AUDITORS.
1784-1788
1788
1789-1796
1796-1799
1799
1800
lSOl-1804
1804-1806
1806
1807
1808-1811
1811-1815
1815-1818
1818-1827
1827
1828-1836
1836-1842
1842
1843
1844-1846
1846-1850
1850-1853
1853-1856
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860-1871
1871
1872
1873-1875
1875
1876
1785-1788, Unknown.
1788, James Johnston, Benjamin Chambers, James Irwin.
1789-1793, Unknown.
1793-1794, Benjamin Chambers, James Irwin, John Rea.
1794-1798, Unknown.
1798-1800, James Ramsey, John Brown.
1800-1801, John Brown, James Buchanan.
Mk|j, j jiSaLJ^
1802
1803^
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818^
1819
1820,
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832,
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842,
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 179
James Buchanan, Nicholas Clopper.
Nicholas Clopper, George Hetich.
George Hetich, William Scott.
Nicholas Clopper, William Scott, Robert Smith.
William Scott, Robert Smith, Thomas Brown.
Robert Smith, Thomas Brown, John Gilmor.
Thomas Brown, John Gilmor, John Holliday.
John Gilmor, John Holliday, David Rankin.
D. Fullerton, David Maclay, Henry Thompson.
Henry Thompson, David Fullerton, D. Maclay.
Henry Thompson, Robert Robison, Joseph Scott.
Robert Robison, Josepli Scott.
Patrick Campbell, David Eby, William Scott.
David Eby, Andrew Robison, William Alexander.
William Alexander, Sr., Andrew Robison, John Walker.
John Walker, John Culbertson.
John Walker, John Culbertson, James M'Coy.
John Culbertson, James M'Coy, John Flanagan.
James M'Coy, John Flanagan, Thomas M'Clelland.
John Flanagan, George Hetich.
Thomas M'Clelland, George Hetich, Thomas Waddell.
George Hetich, Joseph Grubb.
Thomas Waddell, Joseph Grubb, William Gamble.
Joseph Grubb, William Gamble, Thomas Carson.
William Gamble, Thomas Carson, John Walker.
Thomas Carson, John Walker, Isaac Ward.
John Walker, Jacob Negley, John Findlay, Sr.
Isaac Ward, Jacob Negley, John M'Clintock.
Jacob Negley. Archibald S. M'Cune.
Archibald S. M'Cune, J. Allison.
.1. Allison, James Colhouu.
Jacob Heyser, Joseph Pumroy.
Jacob Heyser, Joseph Pumroy, John M'Clintock.
Joseph Pumroy, John M'Clintock, John Witherow.
Jolm M'Clintock, John Witherow, Jacob Negley.
John Witherow, Jacob Negley.
Jacob Negley, William Fleming, David Lytel.
William Fleming, David Lytle, John Orr.
David Lytle, John Orr, J. B. Guthrie.
John Orr, J. B. Guthrie, John Deardorff.
J. B. Guthrie, John D. Work, John Deardorff.
John Deardorff", John D. Work, Robert Wallace.
Samuel Lehman, Robert Wallace, John Tritle.
Robert Wallace, John Tritle.
John Tritle, Jolan Johnston, Abram StoufFer.
John Johnston, Abram Stouffer, Joseph Snively.
180
1S48
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858^
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868,
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
Historical Sketch of Franklin Counti/.
Abram Stouffer, Joseph Snively, Thomas Carson.
Joseph tSnively, Thomas Carson, B. A. Doyle.
Thomas Carson, B. A. Doyle, George W. Zeigler.
B. A. Doyle, George W. Zeigler, James L. Black.
G. W. Zeigler, James L. Black, W. A. Shields.
William A. Shields, William Armstrong, David Spencer.
William Armstrong, David Spencer, W. S. Amberson.
D. Spencer, W. S. Amberson, John Bowman.
W. S. Amberson, John Bowman, C. W. Biirkholder.
John Bowman, C. W. Burkholder, D. H. M'Pherson.
C. W. Burkholder, D. H. M'Pherson. William Fleagle.
D. H. M'Pherson, William Fleagle. J. R. Brewster.
William Fleagle, Andrew Davison, John Downey.
John Downey, Andrew Davison, George Jarrett.
John Downey, George Jarrett, D. K. Wunderlich.
George Jarrett, D. K. Wunderlich.
D. K. Wunderlich, D. B. Martin, W. S. Amberson.
D. B. Martin, W. S. Amberson, M. Martin.
W. S. Amberson, D B. Martin, Samuel W. Nevin.
M. Martin, Samuel Nevin, Samuel Myers.
Samuel W. Nevin, Samuel Myers, Joseph Mowers.
Samuel W. Nevin, Samuel Myers, Joseph Mowers.
Samuel Myers, Joseph Mowers, J. W. Winger.
Joseph Mowers, J. W. Winger, John C. Trille.
J. W. Winger, John C. Tritle, John A. Sellers.
John A. Sellers, John Cressler, Samuel Taylor.
John A. Sellers, John Cressler, H. R. Harnish.
J. Cressler, H. R. Harnish, Samuel Taylor.
Samuel Taylor, W. H. Blair, William M. Gillau.
POOR HOUSE.
The act of assembly for the erection of the "house for the em-
ployment and support of the poor" of our county was approved by
the Governor, March 11th, 1807. The second section of the act i^ro
vided that at the election to be held in October, 1807, five persons
should be elected "to determine upon and fix the place on which the
buildings should be erected," and also that there should be elected
"three persons to be Directors of the Poor," one to serve for one
year, one for two years, and one for three years, their terms to be
determined by lot.
William Allison, David FuIIerton, John Colhoun, Colonel Joseph
Culbertson and John Maclay, were elected the Commissioners to fix
the site for the Poor House ; and Robert Liggett, James Robinson
and Ludwig Heck were elected Directors of the Poor.
The Commissioners selected the farm of Thomas Lindsay (the
MESSiNGER DAME STARLI&HT COLTS
Stock Farm & Res. of COL.Wm. D. DIKQ]
NI.St TunMi.c Tp Ffnuifiiu r.n Pi / p n vnunuAc 1
Ta^^2^/P.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 181
site of the present Poor House) as the place where the Poor House
should be placed ; and in the year 1808 the directors purchased it for
the sum of eight thousand two hundred dollars. The farm then
contained one hundred and sixty-five acres, and had a stone farm
house, barn, &c., upon it. This house was somewhat enlarged, and
used until the year 1811, when the large stone building now standing
was put up.
In the years 1853-'54, the large brick house was erected at a cost of
about twelve thousand dollars. The farm now contains about two
hundred and ten acres.
The following lists contain the names of the Directors of the
Poor, their stewards, treasurers, attorneys, clerks and physicians,
from the year 1807 to the present time, so far as they could be ascer-
tained:
1808
180i)
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814,
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823,
1824,
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
18 i 2
1833
1834
1835
DIRECTORS.
James Robinson, Robert Liggett, Ludwig Heck.
Robert Liggett, Ludwig Heck, Henry Etter.
Ludwig Heck, Henry Etter, Isaac Eaton.
Henry Etter, Isaac Eaton, Samuel Radebaugh.
Isaac Eaton, Samuel Radebaugh.
Samuel Radebaugh, Matthew Lind.
, Matthew Lind, John Vance.
Matthew Lind, John Vance, Philip Berlin.
John Vance, Philip Berlin, John Snider.
Philip Berlin, John Snider, John Rudicile.
John Snider, John Rudicile, Matthew Patton.
John Rudicile, Matthew Patton, D. Washabaugh.
Matthew Patton, D. Washabaugh, J. Stouffer.
D. Washabaugh, J. Stouffer, William M'Kisson.
J. Stouffer, William M'Kisson, John Snider.
William M'Kisson, John Snider, Thomas Yeates.
John Snider, Thomas Yeates, Jacob Heck.
Thomas eates, Jacob Heck, A. Thompson.
Jacob Heck, A. Thompson, John Davison.
A. Thompson, John Davison, Thomas Yeates.
John Davison, Thomas Yeates, John Vance.
Thomas Yeates, John Vance, John Coble.
John Vance, John Coble, Samuel Dechart.
John Coble, Samuel Dechart, Nicholas Baker.
Samuel Dechart, Nicholas Baker, James Davison.
Nicholas Baker, James Davison, John Radebaugh.
James Davison, John Radebaugh, John Orr.
John Radebaugh, John Orr, Jacob Oyster.
1836, JoLn Orr, Jacob Oyster, John Whitmore.
1837, Jacob Oyster, John Whitmore, William Linn.
1S2 Historical Sketch of Franklin Count}/.
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1848
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1829
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
John Whitmore, William Linn, Samuel Campbell.
William Linn, Samuel Campbell, Philip Nitterhouse.
Samuel Campbell, Philip Nitterhouse, James Davison,
Philip Nitterhouse, James Davison, Matthew Patton.
James Davison, Matthew Patton, Upton Washabaugh.
Matthew Patton, Upton Washabaujih, John Monn, Jr.
Upton Washabaugli, John Monn, Jr., Samuel Lehman,
John Monn, Jr., Samuel Lehman, John L. Detwiler.
Samuel Lehman, John L. Detwiler, Daniel Bonebrake.
John L. Detwiler, Daniel Bonebrake, Fred. Boyer.
Daniel Bonebrake, Fred. Boyer, John Wise.
Fred. Boyer, John Wise, David Hays.
John Wise, David Hays, S. Detwiler.
David Hays, S. Detwiler, Jacob Garver.
Samuel Lehman, Jacob Garver, Martin Newcomer,
Jacob Garver, Martin Newcomer, D. O. Gehr.
Martin Newcomer, D. O. Gehr, James Furguson.
D. O. Gehr, James Furguson, Josiah Besore.
James Furguson, Josiah Besore, Jacob Weaver.
Josiah Besore, Jacob Weaver, M. Gillan.
Jacob Weaver, M. Gillan, Jacob Strickler.
M. Gillan, Jacob Strickler, David Spencer.
Jacob, Strickler, David Spencer, J. S. Latshaw.
David Spencer, J. S. Latshaw, William Harris.
J. S. Latshaw, William Harris, Samuel Seacrist.
William Harris, Samuel Seacrist, John Doebler.
Samuel Seacrist, John Doebler, John H. Criswell.
John H. Criswell, John H. Clayton, Martin Heintzelman,
John H. Criswell, John H. Clayton, Martin Heintzelman.
James H. Clayton, Martin Heintzelman, John Gillan, Jr.
Martin Heintzelman, John Gillan, Jr., J. R. Smith.
Martin Heintzelman, John Gillan, Jr., J. R. Smith,
John Gillan, John Smith, Fred. Long.
J. R. Smith, Fred. Long, Peter M'Ferren.
Fred. Long, Peter M'Ferren, David Deatrick.
Peter M'Ferren, David Deatrick, Jacob Kreider.
David Deatrick, Jacob Kreider, Amos Stouffer.
Jacob Kreider, Amos Stouffer, William Bossart.
Amos Stouffer, William Bossart, Henry Lutz.
William Bossart, Henry Lutz, B. F. Funk.
STEWARDS OF POOR HOUSE.
Daniel Shroeder, 1808-1814
Benjamin Gruver, . . 1814-1821
Richard Morrow 1821-1827
FFisforical Sketch of Fy-anklin County. 183
Philip LauffQian, 1S27-1S30
Andrew M'Lellan, . . 1880-1833
Col. John Snider, . . 1833-1839
David Fegley, 1839
William J. Morrow, 184(M843
Emanuel Crosland, 1843-1845
Samuel Jeffries, 1845-1854
David Piper, 1854-1856
William Shinafield, 1856-1859
John Bowman . . . 1859
James Chariton, . . . • 1860-1864
William M'Grath, 1864-1866
John Ditzlear, 1866-1868
David Piper, 1868
Samuel Brandt . . 1869-1873
Joseph Middower, 1873-1877
TREASURERS OF POOR HOUSE.
David Denny, . '. . __ 1808-1814
Unknown, . , 1814-1821
William Heyser, 1821-1823
John Sloan, . 1828
Hugh Greenfield, 1824-1827
Daniel Spangler, 1827-1830
Joseph Pritts 1830-1832
Henry Smith, 1832-1835
Jasper E. Brady, . . 1835
William Bard, . . . " 1836-1838
Henry Ruby, . 1838
Daniel Dechert, . . . 1839-1843
William Flory, 1848-1845
Daniel S. Fahnestoek, 1845-1848
James Wright, 1848
D. S. Fahnestoek, 1849-1856
J. Smith Grier, I 1856-1858
John W. Reed, . . . 1858-1861
Charles Gelwieks, 1861-1869
Alex. Martin, 1869-1872
Thomas Metcalfe, I872
H. B. Davison, ......... 1878-1876
CliERKS TO DIRECTORS OF POOR.
Elijah B. Mendenhall, 1808-1814
F. Hershberger, . . 1814
Matthew Lind, 1815
18-i
Historical Sketch of Franklin Conntij.
D. C. Dehart,
James M'Kay,
Henry Reges,
Daniel Spangler.
Richard Morrow,
Hiram Cox,
William S. Davis
John Colhoun,
James R. Kirby,
John Smith,
John W. Reges.
Richard Morrow,
Jacob Heck,
Hugh B. Davison
Charles W. Heart
John W. Reges,
Lyman S. Clarke,
J. Wyeth Douglas,
Suively Strickler,
William S., Everett,
E. J. Bonebrake,
John R. Orr,
James A. M'Knight,
Frank MehafFey,
ATTORNEYS AND CLERKS.
ISlfi
1817
1818-
1821
1823
1827
1828
1831
1832
1833
1835
1837
1840
1843
1845
1848
1851-
1856-
1859-
1862-
1866-
1869-
1873-
1876
-1821
-182.i
-1827
-1831
-185r>
-1837
-1840
-184a
-1845
-184H
-1850
1856
■1859
1862
■1866
■1869
■1873
■1876
PHYSICIANS TO POOR HOUSE.
Abraham Senseny, . . ... . . . 1808
John Sloan, 1809-1814
Andrew M'Dowell, 1815-1818
George B. M'Knight, 1819-1820
A. J. Dean, 1821-1823
Samuel D. Culbertson, . 1824-1826
Peter Fahnestock, 1827
N. B. Lane 1828
Andrew M'Dowell, 1829-1830
Jeremiah Senseny, 1831-1832
D. S. Byrne, . . . . . . . ' . ■ . 1833
J. Bain, 1834-1835
A. H. Senseny, 1836-1837
John Lambert, 1838
J. Evans, .- . . 1839-1841
J. C. Richards, 1842-1843
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
William H. Boyle,
John Lambert, ....
N. B. Lane
John King, ....
John Lambert, ....
A. H. Senseny, ....
S. G. Lane, ....
A. H. Senseny, . ,
W. H. Boyle, ....
S. G. Lane, ....
James Hamilton,
J. L. Suesserott, .
J. C. Richards, ....
C. L. Bard and T. J. M'Lanahan,
W. H. Boyle, ....
T. J. M'Lanahan,
S. G. Lane, ....
CHAPIjAIN.
Augustus Bickley,
1844 '
1845- ,47
. 1848-1849
1850-1852
1853
1854
1855
1856-1857
1858
1859-1861
1862-1863
1864-1865
1866-1867
1868
1869-1872
1873-1875
1876
Elected 1873.
DEPUTY SURVEYORS UNDER APPOINTMENT FROM THE SURVEYOR
GENERAL.
Zachariah Butcher, Lancaster county, . . . . 1736
Thomas Cookson, " .... 1743-1746
Colonel John Armstrong, Cumberland county, . . 1750
Matthew Henderson, of Cumberland county, to . . 1784,
Matthew Henderson, of Lurgan township, . . . 1784-1796
Daniel Henderson, . . . . . . . . 1796-1804
Thomas Kirby, Chambersburg, 1804-1809
Thomas Poe, Antrim, . 1809-1813
Archibald Fleming, Antrim, 1813-1821
William S. Davis, 1821-1824
William Hamilton, Peters or Montgomery, . . . 1824-1829
William S. Davis, Chambersburg, 1830-1834
Seth Kline, Greene, . . ■ 1834-1836
William S. Davis, Chambersburg, 1836-1837
Samuel M. Armstrong, . 1837-1839
Hugh Auld, Chambersburg, 1839-1845
Augustus F. Armstrong, Chambersburg, . . . 1845-1847
Hugh Auld, Chambersburg, 1847-1850
COUNTY SURVEYORS.
By the act of 9th April, 1850, County Surveyors, were directed to be
elected to serve for the term of three years each. The following
persons have filled the office :
24
186 Historical Sketch of Franldin County.
Emanuel Kuhn, St. Thomas, lSoO-1856
John B. Kaufman, Letterkenny, 1856-1862
Emanuel Kuhn, Chambersburg, (1) .... 1862-1871
John B. Kaufman, Letterkenny, 1871-1875
John W. Kuhn, • . . 1875
(1) Resigned April, 1871, and John B. Kaufman was appointed for
the unexpired term. Mr. Kaufman wjis also elected for the full term
in October, 1871.
PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS.
Prior to the passage of the act of 1850, providing for the election of
District Attorneys, the "State's Attorney" or "Prosecuting Attor-
neys" were the "Deputies" of the Attorney General for the time
being, appointed by him, and removable at his pleasure. Our court
records prior to 1842 having been burned, I have not been able to
make more than a partial list of our former Piosecuting Attorneys,
as follows:
John Clark 1789-1790
William M. Brown, . 1790-1802
William Maxwell, Gettysburg, 1802-1812
William M. M'Dowell, 1813
Matthew St. Clair Clarke, 1819
Frederick Smith, 1824
Wilson Reilly, 1842-1845
William R. Rankin, '. 1845-1847
George W. Brewer, 1847-1849
Hugh W. Reynolds, . . . .' , . . . . 1849-1851
DISarRICT ATTORNEYS.
Elected under fhe act of 3d of May, 1850, to serve for three years,
from first Monday of November after election.
James S. Ross, 1851-1854
Thomas B. Kennedy, ) io,,i icr-
T o /^i 1 (•••.••■• 1854-180/
Lyman S. Clarke, J
Lyman S. Clarke, 1857-1860
George Eyster, . . . . . . . . ■. 1860-1863
William S. Stenger, 1863-1866
William S. Stenger ' . 1866-1869
William S. Stenger, ■ . . . 1869-1872
Theodore M'Gowan, 1872-1875
Oliver C. Bowers, 1875
Historical Sketch of Franklin County,
JURY COMMISSIONERS.
187
Elected under the act of 10th April, 1867, to serve for three years.
1867-1870, Addison Imbrie, William Boyd.
1870-1873, W. H. H. Mackey, Elias Patton.
1873-1S76, John Gilbert, A. H. Etter.
1876-1879, J. C. M'Culloh, Lewis Lechron.
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS OF COMMON SCHOOLS.
Selected under act of 8th May, 1854
1854-1857, James M'Dowell,
Hugh J. Campbell,
1857-1860, Philip M. Shoemaker,
1860-1863, Philip M. Shoemaker,
1863-1866, Andrew J. M'Elwain,
1866-1869, Philip M. Shoemaker,
1869-1872, Samuel Gelwix,
1872-1875, Jacob S. Smith,
1875-1878, S. H. Eby, \^ .
to serve for three years.
iry, $600 per year.
600
500
600
800
800
1,200
1,000
1,000
A LIST OF THE CLERGYMEN OP OUR COUNTY, WITH THEIR PLACES
OF RESIDENCE AND CHARGES, RESPECTIVELY.
Thomas Creigh, D. D.,
J. Agnew Crawford, D.
John C. Caldwell,
R. Lewis M'Cune,
J. Smith Gordon,
Samuel C. Alexander,
Samuel C. George,
David K. Richardson,
Joseph H. Fleming,
PRESBYTERIAN.
Mereersburg,
D., Chambersburg,
Mereersburg,
Fannettsburg,
Dry Run,
Chambersburg,
Greencastle, -
Welsh Run,
Mereersburg.
Falling Spring.
Central Church.
Fayetteville.
Lower Path Valley
, and Burnt Cabins.'
Upper Path Valley.
St. Thomas andRockj'
. Spring.
Greencastle.
Welsh Run.
A. Stewart Hartman,
R. H. Clare,
A. Hamilton Shertz,
F. Klinefelter,
P. Bergstresser, .
D. Black welder, .
LUTHERAN.
Chambersburg,
Greencastle,
Waynesboro,
Upper Strasburg,
r First Church, Cham
\ bersburg.
I Second Church Cham-
l bersburg, (German).
Grindstone Hill.
Greencastle.
Waynesboro.
Upper Strasburg.
188
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
N. J. Hesson,
B. F. Allemau,
H. B. Wintou,
Hiram Knodle,
William C. Cremer,
H. I. Comfort,
Carl Gundlach,
H. H. W. Hibshman,
J. G. Brown,
E. E. Higbee, D. D.,
John H. Sykes, .
Jacob Hassler,
Isaac M. Hotter,
William J. Stewart,
Mercersburg,
Shippensburg,
M'Connellsburg,
Clearspring, Md.,
REFORMED.
Chambersbvirg,
<i
(1
Waynesboro,
Mercersburg,
It
Greencastle,
Mercersburg,
Waynesboro,
St. Thomas,
Mercersburg.
Greenvillage.
Loudon.
Sylvan.
Chambersburg.
Grindstone Hill.
St. John's, (German).
Waynesboro.
Mercersburg.
College Church.
Greencastle.
Loudon.
/Waynesboro & Mont
I Al"to.
St. Thomas.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL.
B. B. Hamlin, Presiding Elder,
W. G. Ferguson, . Chambersburg,
M. L. Smith,
J. H. M'Cord, .
H. C. Cheston,
T. M. Griffith,
E. W. Wonner.
W. Moses,
A. R. Bender,
Waynesboro,
Greencastle,
Mercersburg,
Loudon,
Greenvillage,
Mont Alto,
Chambersburg.
r First Church, Cham-
\ bersburg.
f King Street Church,
\ Chambersburg.
Waynesboro.
Greencastle.
Mercersburg.
Loudon.
Greenvillage.
Mont Alto.
H. A. Schlichter,
W. A. Dickson,
W. B. Evers,
W. H. Shearer,
D. W. Proffitt,
S. T. Wallace,
William Quigly,
H. Stouffer, Sr.,
W. Humberger,
Augustus Bigley,
J. Fohl,
J. M. Bishop,
W. H. Rebok,
UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST.
Chambersburg, Chambersburg.
Greencastle,
Orrstown,
Funkstown,
Loudon,
Spring Run,
LOCAL PKEACHEKS.
Chambersburg,
Orrstown,
Greencastle.
Orrstown.
Funkstown.
Loudon.
Spring Run.
Historical Sketch of Franklin County..
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL.
H. C Swentzel, . . Chambersburg, Chambersburg.
ROMAN CATHOLIC.
189
T. J. Fleming, Pastor, Chambersburg,
Joseph Kalin, assistant, "
J. M. Carveli,
John Hunsecker,
John O. Lehman,
Peter Wadle,
Philip Parret,
Benjamin Lesher,
Samuel Stoner, .
Jacob S. Lehman,
Henry Strickler,
Jacob Frantz,
Martin Hoover, .
John Bouebrake,
Joseph Wenger,
Henry Lesher,
Samuel Zook,
Aaron Wenger,
John Burkhart,
Johu Bert,
Noah Zook,
Martin Oberholtzer,
Michael Wenger,
Peter Bert,
William Tanner,
Christian Stoner,
Jacob Lesher,
CHURCH OF GOD.
Chambersburg,
MENNONITE CHURCH.
BISHOP.
PREACHERS.
Chambersburg.
Chambersburg, Orrs-
town & Fayetteville.
Letterkenny township.
Letterkenny township.
Greene "
11 11
near Mercersburg.
REFORMED MENNONITES.
BISHOPS.
PREACHERa.
Guilford township.
Montgomery township.
Washington "
II II
Waynesboro.
KIVER BRETHREN.
BISHOPS.
PREACHERS.
Guilford
Antrim
Southampton
Washington
township.
Lurgan
Southampton
Greene
11
Letterkenny
Peters
Montgomery
Antrim
township.
190
Historical Sketch of Pra
Abraham Lesher,
Isaac Shank,
L. C. Wenger,
Noah Myers,
George Wenger,
John Sollenberger,
Eli Martin,
Benjamin Myers,
•iklin County,
Antrim
townsliip.
Waynesboro.
Guilford township.
Hamilton
Montgomery
TUNKERS.
BISHOPS.
Joseph Gipe, Guilford township.
David Buck, Quincy "
Henry Kontz, . • Antrim "
John Shank, " "
Jacob Price, Washington "
PKEACHERS
Adam Pile, St. Thomas township.
Abraham Pile, ■ '' "
John Lenard, ....... " "
Daniel Miller, , Peters "
Daniel Miller, Hamilton "
David Bonebrake, Quincy "
Jonathan Baker, Antrim "
Christian Eoyer, " "
Benjamin StoufFer, . • . . . Guilford "
Jacob Oyler, Waynesboro.
Jacob Snider, "
Daniel Good, ,..,,. Washington township.
Daniel Baker, " "
Henry Etter Greene "
SEVENTH DAY BAPTISTS.
PREACHEKS.
John Riddlesberger,
John Walk,
Quincy
township.
MORMONISM IN OUR COUNTY.
The fact that an effort was made, years ago, under the leadership
of Sidney Rigdon, one of the first Presidents of the Mormon Church,
to build their promised new "City of Zion " within the borders of
our county, has passed away from the recollection of most of our
people. And yet such was the fact. Joseijh Smith, the founder of
Mormonism, and Sidney Rigdon were intimate acquaintances for a
considerable time before Mormonism was first heard of. Together
Historical Sketch of Franklin County. 191
they planned the great imposture which they subsequently brought
into life as the " Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints."
It was started at Manchester, New York, in April, 1830. In Janu-
ary, 1831, Smith, who claimed to be the " Prophet of the Lord," led
his followers to Kirtland, Ohio, which he then said was to be the
seat of the City of the New Jerusalem. There they remained until
January, 1838, organizing the church, appointing presidents, bishops
and apostles, and sending out missionaries to all the ends of the
earth. They built a large and costly temple, which it took them
three years to erect. There they had a bank, run by Smith and
Eigdon, which failed disastrously for its noteholders and depositors,
and Smith and Rigdon fled to Missouri to avoid arrest. Their de-
luded followers went after them, being called so to do by a new rev-
elation from Smith, as prophet. They were soon driven out of
Missouri, Smith and Rigdon having been tarred and feathered by
the indignant Missourians, and came back to Commerce, Carthage
county, Illinois, in 1840, where they founded the city of Nauvoo,
and built a magnificent temple. There, in July, 1843, Smith pro-
mulgated the revelation in relation to polygamy, making a plu-
rality of wives one of the doctrines of the new church. It was not
well received by many of his co-workers. Dissensions arose; the
church split into factions; anarchy and lawlessness were wide
spread. The people of the State of Illinois arose in arms against
the doctrines and crimes of those who had thus come amongst them
as fugitives from the neighboring State of Missouri. Smith and his
brother Hyrura, and some sixteen others, were arrested and impris-
oned at Carthage, the county seat, where, on the evening of the
27th of June, 1844, Joseph and Hyrum Smith were killed by an
armed mob. The death of their prophet caused much temporary
confusion among the saints. Sidney Rigdon aspired to succeed him
as head of the church, bu^Brigham Young was chosen first presi-
dent, and Rigdon, being contumaceous, was cut off" from the com-
munion of the faithful, cursed, and solemnly delivered over to the
Devil, " to be buffeted in the flesh for a thousand years." fti a short
time Rigdon, who had a considerable number of followers, seceded
and came eastward to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where they estab-
lished a paper through which to spread their doctrines. But public
sentiment being against them, they resolved to remove to a more
quiet neighborhood. *
In September, 1845, the city of Nauvoo was cannonaded for three
days by the forces of the State of Illinois, its inhabitants driven out
at the point of the bayonet, and the city, with its magnificent tem-
ple and public buildings, wholly destroyed. About the same time two
of Rigdon's emissaries came through the southern part of our county,
on the turnpike leading from Mercersburg to Greencastle. Stopping
upon the bridge spanning the Conococheague creek, about a mile
192 Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
and a quarter west of Greencastle, they looked over the farm of
Andrew G. M'Lanahan, Esq., wliich lay spread out just north of
'them, and said that " there was the place the Lord had shown them
in visions was to be the site of the City of the New Jerusalem." In
a short time afterwards Mr. Peter Boyer, a wealthy farmer of
Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, came on and contracted with Mr.
M'Lanahan for his farm of four hundred acres, at the price of four-
teen thousand seven hundred dollars. Six hundred dollars were
paid in cash, and on the 3d of April, 1846, Mr. M'Lanahan received
five thousand four hundred dollars additional, gave a deed and took
a judgment tor the balance of the purchase money — eight thousand
seven hundred dollars — payable April 1st, 1847. The purchaser at
once took possession, and in a short time Sidney Rigdon, Elders
Hyde and Heber, Judge Richards, William E. M'Lellan, Hatch,
Hinkle, Zody, Grimes, Ringer and others joined them. The
band numbered from one to two hundred all told. The most
of them went upon the farm, where they said that they intended to
lay out a great city, build a magnificent temple and other needed
public edifices. Quite a number of them located in the town of
Greencastle, where they established a weekly newspaper, called the
" Conococheague Herald," under the editorship of Mr. E. Robinson,
the church printer. Among them were professional men, mechan-
ics and farmers, and one or two who had been heavy capitalists in
Pittsburg when they joined the band, but their riches had been
squandered subsequently. Sidney Rigdon was their Prophet and
High Priest. Every Sunday they held services in the barn on the
farm, Rigdon generally doing the preaching; occasionally one of
the elders held forth. Their meetings were largely attended by the
people of the neighborhood, more from curiosity to hear what would
be said than from any similarity of thought or feeling with them.
They made few converts amongst our people — not, perhaps, over
half a dozen in the whole county. They talked largely about what
they intended to do — about laying out avenues and streets, building
glass works, cotton mills, &c. But most of them lived in idleness
the while, and all their plans soon came to naught. Their money
yfas, soon spent; death swung his scythe amongst them and cut
down quite a number of them ; others became discouraged and left ;
they could not meet their indebtedness due to Mr. M'Lanahan on
the 1st of April, 1847, and the farm was sold at sheriff's sale and
bought in by Mr. M'Lanahan, in August of that year, who again
obtained possession of it in November following. After this death-
blow to their hopes and prospects all discipline and organization
were at an end, and the band dissolved. A majority of them went
to Salt Lake, whilst others joined the Gentiles and started life anew.
In the pines, on the farm, a number of them lie buried, and the
spot is known as the "Mormon Grave-yard."
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
193
Brigham Young died at Salt Lake City, August 29tli, 1877, aged
sev'^enty-six years. It is thought by many that Mormonism will
not long survive this event ; that there is no person among his fol-
lowers who will be able to keep them together as he did ; that divi-
sions and heart burnings will inevitably arise, no difference upon
whose shoulders his mantle may descend, and that disintegration
and dissolution must speedily follow. An historian cannot foretell
the future. It is his province to speak of the ^ja>f, and Time alone
will show what is to become of this great imposture of the nine-
teenth century.
PHYSICIANS RESIDING IN FBANKIilN COUNTY.
James K. Davidson,
William Grubb,
Adam Carl,
A. A. Miller,
D. Bench Miller,
Thomas M. Kennedy
George Carl,
A. S. Bonebrake,
E. A. Hering,
Isaac N Snively,
Benjamin Frantz,
J. Burns Amberson,
John Ripple,
A. H. Strifckler,
G. W. B-teler,
Ezekiel Hartzell,
Henry K. Byers,
William C. Lane,
Robert 8. Browuson,
Eliab Negley,
D. F. Unger,
Thomas H. Walker,
Frank Oellig,
John S. Flickinger,
M. G. Alexander,
John M. Van Tries,
Robert W. Ramsey,
George R. Caufman,
Charles H. Garver,
J. C. Gilland, .
H. X. Bonbrake,
Hiram Buhrman,
Charles T. Maclay,
25
Greencastle.
Waynesboro,
Fayetteville.
Orrstown.
Mercer^burg.
Fannettsburg.
11
St. Thomas.
i(
Caufraan's Station.
Scotland.
New Franklin.
Mont Alto.
Funkstown.
Green village.
194
Historical Sketch of Franklin Count)/.
David Maclay, ,
T. B. Ufifsnider,
William A. Hunter, .
James M. Gelwix,
Henry G. Cliritzman,
William P. Noble, .
Joseph H. M'Clintic,
William A. Hiiichman,
J. B. M'Donahl,
Samuel B. Ickes,
John H. Flickinger, .
W. O. Skinner, ,
D. F. Royer, . .
M. M. Gerry,
John Montgomery, .
A. H. Senseny, .
B. Rusl) Senseny,
Edgar N. Senseny,
Jacob L. Suesserott, ,
Samuel G. Lane,
William H. Boyle, .
T. Johnston AI'Lanahan,
John Seibert,
S. F. Reynolds, (Eclectic)
B. Bowman, (Homeoi)ath
I. Y. Reed, "
J. F. Nowell.
ic),
Greenvillage.
Upper Strasburg.
Welsh Run.
Upton.
Loutlon.
Concord.
Dry Run.
Shady Grove.
Sylvan.
Ciiambersburg.
Greencastle.
ATTORXEYS.
John Clark, .
Robert Magaw,
Thomas Hartley, .
James Hamilton, .
Thomas Duncan, .
Thomas Smitti,
Ross Thompson, .
Ralph Bowie,
James Ross,
James Riddle,
Stephf-n Chambers,
John M. M'Dowell
Andrew Dunlop, .
William Bradford, Jr.,
James Carson,
James Smith,
admitted September term, 1784
" December term,
September
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
195
Jasper Yeates,
Samuel Riddle,
David Watts,
James Orbison,
M'Steel Sample,
*Thomas Hartley,
*Thomas Duncan,
*James Riddle,
Andrew Dunlop,
William M. Brown
John Smith,
*Samuel Riddle,
George Smith,
*John Clark,
Richard Smith,
James Duncan,
John Cadwallader,
George Armstrong,
William Claggvtt,
Jonathan Henderson,
William Barber, .
James Crawford, .
Parker Campbell, .
William Clark, .
Paul Morrow,
James Brotherton,
Samuel Hughes, .
Thomas Baily,
Joseph Shannon, .
George Jennings, ,
William Reynolds,
John F. Jack,
Josej)h Paiks,
Robert Hasel hirst,
James Kelly,
S. W. Culbertson, .
Robert Ha.ys,
Wdliam Orbison, .
William Maxwell,
Jonathan Haight,
James Daubins, •.
William L. Kelly, (froa
William Ross.
admitted March ter
" December '
" March '
m, 1
September
April
May
December
New Jersey)
April
u
August
u
II
April
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
98
99
1801
1802
u
1803
* Those gentlemen marked thus were re-sworn after the adoption of the
Constitution of 1790.
196
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
Alex. Lyon, .
Otho Shroder,
John T. .StuU, (from M
Josiah Espy,
James Carson,
Thomas G. M'Culloh,
Andrew Bo*;:gs,
Samuel Leeper,
David Snively,
Upton Lawrence, .'
George Chambers,
Thomas H. Crawford,
James M. Russell,
John M'Con nelly,
Andrew Caruthers,
Elijah Mendenhall,
William L. Brent,
Wilson Elliott,
Charles B Ross, .
George Ross, .
Daniel Hughes,
George Metzger,
Alexander Mahon,
M. St. Clair Clarke,
Richard W. Lane,
John Larkel,
James Buchanan,
William Irwin,
John Johnson,
William S. Finley,
James Dun lop, . *
Paul I. Hetich,
Samuel Liggett,
James M'Dowell, .
William Chambers,
Frederick Smith, .
Burr Harrison,
Samuel Ramsay, .
Hugh Torrence,
Samuel Alexander,
James Riddle,
Robert ^L M'Dowell,
John F. Denny,
Joseph Chambers,
EbeUitier S. Finley,
John Williamson,
iryland).
admitted April
term, 1803
1806
" 8th. "
" term, "
January 12th, 1807
November 9th, "
10th, "
admitted
1808
1809
1810
admitted August term,
October "
admitted,
admitted
January term,
admitted,
admitted
admitted
admitted
1811
li
it
1812
i(
1813
1813
i(
1817
u
u
1818
April term,
admitted,
1819
1820
August term,
admitted,
August 24th,
admitted
1821
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
Archibald I. Findlay, . • . admitted April 21st,
George Augustus Shryock, . . admitted August term,
Jacob Madeira, admitted,
Richard Bard,
John A. Sterrett,
Andrew Davison, • • • •
Wiliiam Miller, Jr., ,...•••
Thomas Chambers,
David R. Denny, • •
John S. Riddle,
Reade Washington, . . . admitted August lOth,
Tliomas Harbison, admitted,
William S. Buchanan,
Leonard S. Johns,
Michael Gallaher, .......
Jasper Ewing Brady, . . . admitted August 14th,
William M. Greer, . . . . . . admitted,
James M. Reynolds,
Andrew P. Wilson,
James X. M'Lanahan, . . . admitted January 11th,
James H. Hepburn, admitted,
Jatnes Nill admitted April 8th,
John M Ginley, adaiitted
Daniel Denny, . . . . . . . . "
Joseph Minniek, "
Robert M'Lelland, , . . ' admitted November 15th,
Humphrey Robison, • . . . . . admitted,
Andrew Howlett, "
Robert M. Bard, .... admitted January 14th,
A. J. Durboraw, admitted,
N. C. Snider
John W. Reges, "
B. Bordley Crawford, .
James W. Buchanan, "
WMlson Reilly admitted April 4th,
Robert Quigley, admitted,
C. S. Eyster, "
James W. M'Kinstry, . ' "
William C. Aughinbaugh, "
William M'Lellan, . . . admitted October 2d,
Joseph Nill, admitted.
Experience Estabrook, ...... "
John C. Williamson, "
William R. Rankin, . "
Theodore Friend, • ''
George Chambers, Jr., . "
197
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
tl
1832
u
1834
1835
ii
<t
1837
(1
u
((
1838
U
1839
198
Historical Sketch of Franfdin County.
juinea C. Moody, .
Isaac H. M' Cm ley,
Hugli \V. Reynolds,
John A. Powell,
E. Crawford Washington,
E. i\r. Biddle,
Frederick Watts, .
Samuel H. Tate, .
Alexander H. M'Ciilloh,
Cyrus G. French, .
W. V. Davis,
Edward F. Stewart,
Alexander F. Thompson, S
William Baker,
Hon. James Cooper,
David F. Eobisoii,
Jacob H. Heyser, .
Benjamin Chambers,
Lewis C. Levin,
James S. Ross,
Abner M. Fuller, .
Louis M. Hughes,
Alexander Thomson,
George W. Brewer,
John M. Ra(Jebaugh,
Henry A. Mish,
Robert P. M'Clure,
John Scott,
J. Parker Fleming,
Alfred H. Smith, .
Victorine N. Firor,
Washington Crooks,
Frederick INI. Adnms,
John C. Culbertson,
Frederick Smith, .
John Cessna,
Edward G. Behm,
Thomas B. Kennedy,
J. Randolpli Coffroth,
Perrj' A. Rice,
Ljanaii S. Clarke, .
Henry L. Fisher, .
Thomas M. Carlisle,
Thomas B. M'Farland,
admitted
adm
admitted, 1840
April loth, "
admitted, "
1841
1842
1S43
1844
1845
1846
1847
tted Ausust loth,
January 17th,
inth,
April nth,
November 2d,
1848
Aujrust 17th,
January 2oth,
1849
(I
1850
IRsforical Sketch of Frankliii County.
199
John G. Letnon, .
William Adams, .
Boliver B. Bonner,
David R. B. Nevin,
John Dush,
J. M'Dowell Sharpe,
A. R. Corny n,
William V. Davis,
Andrew N. Rankin,
Frederick Watts, .
Thomas L. Fletcher,
Columbus F. Bonner,
James Buoiianan Boggs
Thomas A. Boyd, .
George F. Cain,
Wiilliam J, Baer, .
James P. M'Clintock,
J. W. Douglas,
William Carlisle, .
Frederick S. Stumbaugh,
James Allison, Jr.,
George Eyster,
Hiram C. Keyser,
A. J. Cline,
John Kyle,
Piiiilp Hamman, .
F. A. Tritle, .
Michael B. Doyle, ,
David H. Wiles, .
A. K. M'Clure, .
Israel Test,
James H. Bratten,
George W. Welsh,
John Robison,
George tSchley,
A. K, Siester,
H. J. C'ampbell,
H. B. Cassidy,
J. C. Kunkel,
W. H. Miller,
William S. Everett,
D. Watson Rowe,
Charles Sumner,
J. D. W. Gillelan,
C. A. M'Guigan,
J. P. Rhodes,
admittec
April
10th,
1800
(1
ii
u
"
'*
January
22d,
1851
ii
<i
u
March
lltJi,
u
August
20th,
( 1
March
loth.
1852
April
14th,
u
August
0th,
January
17th,
1S53
April
12th,
11
11
January
17th,
1854
11
11
II
April
12th,
II
June
6th,
II
August
15th,
"
November
2d,
1',
April
11
9th,
ii
1855
II
li
August
15th,
II
June
17th,
1856
October
29th,
( (
April
11
13th,
14th
1857
"
20th,
.<
August
10th,
12th,
II
11
October
March
15th, "
II (I
26th, "
29th, "
9th, 1858
200
Historical Sketch of Franklin Count}/.
John R. Orr, .
Robert P. M'Kibbin,
Calvin M. Duncan,
Snively Strickler, .
A. 1). Fuiguson, .
William C. Logan,
C. M. Barton,
T. J. Nill,
John W. Goettman,
Charles H Taylor,
Tliomas X. Orr,
William Kennedy,
J. A. S. Mitchell, .
David W. Chambers,
Henry G. Smith, .
E. J. Bonebrake, .
Hiram M. White, ,
George M. Stenger,
Jonathan C. Dickson,
T. J. M'Grath,
Hastings Gehr,
Leonard C, Piltinos,
Benjamin K. Goodyear,
William S Stenger,
Jeremiah Cook,
Ross Forvt'ard,
George A. Smith, .
John Stewart,
Samuel Lyon,
D. W. Thrush,
Amos Slay maker, ,
George O. Seilhamer,
William Etter,
J. Montgomery Irwin,
William H. Hockenberry,
Joseph Douglas,
William M. Mervin,
John W. Taylor, .
Jarrett T. Richards,
K. Shannon Taylor,
J. Porter Brown,
Jacob S. Eby,
S. J. Henderson,
George Chambers,
Stephen W. Hays,
Theodore M'Gowan,
admittt^d April
12th, 1 80S
August
loth.
October
3l9t,
1 1
January
28th,
18of?
April
14th,
"
August
November
January
April
8th, "
15th, "
II 11
2d, "
20 th, 1S60
14th, "
August
January
August
January,
February
October
January
April
October
Aiiril
August
18th, "
• I i<
21st, 186 J
L'2d, "
23d, "
24th, "
12t)i, "
29th, "
1st, '•
2Sth, 1862
23d, 1863
18th, "
2Sth, "
16th, 1865
17th, "
November 7th,
August
ii
January
14th, 1866
11 II
22d, 1867
25th, "
Historlca.l Sketch of Franklin County,
201
Claudius B. M'Kinstry,
Amos S. Smith,
Joseph M. M'Clure,
John S. M'Cune, .
Wm. M. Peni-ose,
Adam Keller,
J. B. Cessna,
A. D. Merrick,
F. M. Darby.
Wm. F. Duffield,
John D. DeGolly,
Wm. U. Brewer,
John A. Hyssong,
John M. McDowell,
T. F. Garver,
John A. Robinson,
Lewis W. Detrich,
John C. Zeller, .
Ed. Stake, ' .
John R. Miller, .
J. Alexander Simpson
B. Frank Winger,
Andrew M'llwain,
W. T. Cressler, .
C. Watson M'Keehan
J. R. Gaff, .
Josiah Funck,
Cyrus Lantz,
S. S. M'Lanahan,
B. M. Nead,
Jos. M'Nulty,
James A. M'Knight,
A. G. Huber,
T. H. Edwards, .
H. B. Woods,
M. Williams,
Andrew Gregg M'Lanahan
Dan. H Wingerd,
Wm. A. Morrison,
A. G. Miller, Jr.,
Franklin Mehaffey,
O. C. Bowers,
John Adams M' Allen
Jacob D. Ludwig,
Joshua W. Sharpe,
W. S. Alexander,
Charles Suesserott,
^ 26
Jr.
ted August
13th,
1867
"
16th,
"
November
1st,
u
January
20th,
1868
<(
27 th,
'•
(1
(1
u
April
14th,
1868
u
21st,
11
August
12th,
li
October
27th,
u
ti
ti
11
/ December
15th,
11
11
April
12th,
1869
June
1st,
11
April
21st,
1870
August
8th,
"
December
21st,
11
u
((
1 1
11
24tli,
It
January
25 th,
1871
March
12th,
1871
August 17th,
Februaiy
1 1
6th,
7th,
1872
1 1
June
4th,
1872
October
28th,
1872
January
20th,
1873
April
14th
11
It
17th,
11
June
3rd,
11
August 11th,
November
14th,
t(
11
17th,
11
January
19th,
1874
September
7th,
1875
April
28th,
1876
June
26th,
1877
ERRATA.
On page 38, among the physicians in Chanibersburg in 1786-'88,
read George CHnqan, instead of George Sloan.
INDEX
Abraham, Captain Noah,
Academies and Colleges,
Acreage of the County,
" State, .
Alexander, Captain William, his company,
Antrim township, formation of,
Armstrong, Colonel Joseph,
Arts, the lost in the county.
Assembly, first members of.
Associate Judges,
Attorneys, in 1786-'88. .
" general list of,
" ■ to Poor Directors,
Baltimore, Lord, grant to.
Banks in county,
Baptists, Seventh Day, clergy .of,
Bard, Captain Thomas, his company
Blair, Rev. Sanairel,
Brady, Captain Samuel,
Brown John, his raid, .
Catholic Clergy,
Chambers, General James,
'' his first company roll
Chambersburg, when laid out.
In 1 784-' 88
Changes in population, .
Chaplains to Poor House,
Church of God, clergy in.
Clergymen in county.
Clerks, of Commissioners,
" of the Courts,
" of the Poor House,
Colleges and Academies,
Commissioners of county, list of,
PAGES.
85
56
26
7
105
15, 125
66
121
29
168
38
194
184
12
54
190
102
74
66
156
. 189
' 70, 89
71
22
38
115
185
189
187
178
172
183
56
30, 176
204
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
Commissioners, Jury, list of,
Common Schools,
" " Superintendents of,
Congressmen, first election of,
list of, .
Constitutional Conventions,
Coroners, list of.
Councillors, election of.
County, organization of,
" Auditors,
" Commissioners,
" Coroners,
" Courts,
" Criminal history of,
" Lieutenants,
" Surveyors,
" Treasurers,
Court House, first erected,
Criminal history of county,
Culbertson, Captain Samuel D., company r
Cumberland county, when organized,
Cumberland Valley, First settlement,
" " Division of,
" ^ " In 1730-'60,
" " In the Revolution,
" Railroad, .
Deputy Surveyors, list of,
Directors of Poor, list of, . . .
District Attorneys, list of, .
Dunn, Captain Samuel D., company roll,
Durham, Jack, convicted of murder,
Early settlements in county,
Election districts, old,
Elections, first,
Episcopal clergy.
Executive Council, Supreme,
Fannet township, erection of,
Fenton, Colonel James, liis regiment,
Findlay, Captain John, company roll,
" ," Elected Colonel,
First regiment, Cumberland county, .
First township, Cumberland county, .
Flanagan, Captain John, company roll,
Franklin county, acreage in,
" " Area and location,
oil.
PAGES.
187
56
187
42
161
160
175
29, 164
24
178
30, 176
175
33
58
154
185
175
31
58
100
8
8,9,14
15
9
22
53
185
181
186
95
59
14
30
29,51
189
164
129
95
99
105
74,5
15
104
7
26
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
205
Franklin county, First election in,
•' " Geological features,
" " Organization of,
" '' Population,
" " Soil, topography, &c.
Franklin township, erection of, .
French and Indian wars of 1744-'56,
Frontier forts, ....
Furnaces,
Gordon, Captain Samuel, company roll,
Grant to William Penn,
Green township, erection of,
Guilford township, " "
Hamilton township, " "
Hanna John, conviction for murder,
Harper, Captain Michael, company roll,
Hays, Captain Patrick,
Hopewell township, formation of,
House of Representatives, members of.
Independence, war for,
Inn Keepers in 1786-'88,
Irvine, Colonel William, his regiment,
Irwin, Colonel Jared, his regiment,
Jail, old, ....
Johnston, James, Sr.,
John,
" . Colonel James,
" " Thomas, .
" Dr. Robert, .
Judges, President and Associate,
" Under constitution of 1776,
Judicial districts.
Jury Commissioners,
Justices in 1786-'88,
Justices who were Judges,
Land in the county,
" State, . . ,.
Lancaster county, organization of,
Laws in force in l784-'88,
Letterkenny township, organization of.
Liberty poles, erection of.
Lieutenants and Sub Lieutenants,
Lost Arts, . . ...
Lurgan township, organization of,
PAGES.
29
28
24
16,50
27
37, 135
16
17
1,13
97
7
135
128
128
58
94
93
15
166
22, 23
38
77
90
32,34
69
70
69
69
69
35, 168
35
36
5S, 168
187
38
35
26
7
8
28
130
49
154
121
126
206
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
Lutheran clergy, list of,
Magaw, Colonel Robert,
Magavv, Dr. William,
Maryland, Grant for,
Mason & Dixon's Line, history of,
M'Cammont, Major James, .
M'Kean John, convicted of murder,
Men of mark in politics,
Mennonite clergy, list of.
Merchants in 1786-'88, .
Metal township, erection of .
Methodist clergy, list of,
Mexican War, ....
Military Record, . . . .
Militia, lieutenants of, .
Minerals in county,
Montgomery township, erection of,
Mormonism, history of, .
Murders, convictions for,
Murtaugh John, conviction for murder.
New Castle, location of.
New England, extent of.
New Jersey, grant for.
Newspapers in Franklin county,
Offices, Public, location of old,
Paper, manufuctnre of,
Patton. Captain Samuel, company roll
Penn, William, grant to,
•' " Landing of, .
" " Death of,
Pennsylvania, grant for
" Location and price of,
Physicians in 1786-'88,
" " 1876, list of, .
Piper, Colonel William, his regiment
Poor House, history of.
Population in 1786 and since,
" Changes in.
Post Offices, establishment of.
Postal facilities in 1788,
Potter, General James,
President Judges,
Presbyterian clergy, list of, .
Prosecuting Attorneys, list of,
Protestant Episcopal clergy, list of.
PAGES.
187
74-6
74
12
11
65
59
117
189
38
136
188
106
63
154
113
133
190
58
60
13
12
12
42
33
55
88
7
S
13
7,13
7
38
193
90
180, 84
50
115
41,139
40
64
169
187
186
189
Historical Sketch of Pi-an/din County.
207
Prothonotaries, list of,
Provincial Conference of 177(5,
Public buildings and offices,
Purviance, Colonel John, his regimen
Quincy township, erection, of,
Ramage, Josiah, conv:ction of murder
Railroads in our county.
Rebellion, the war of.
Reformed clergy, list of,
Reges, Captain Henry, his company r
Registers and Recorders, list of.
Representatives, list of,
Rippey, Captain William, his compan
River Brethren, clergy of,
Robison, Captain Andrew, company r
Route from east to west.
Saint Thomas township, erection of,
Schools, common, establishment of,
Scotch Irish, history of, .-^
Senators, list of, ... .
Seventh Day Baptists, clergy of, .
Sheriffs, list of, . . . ,
Slavery, abolition of, . . .
Smith, Captain Abraham, iiis compan
Smith. Co/one^ Abraham,
Smith, Colonel James, .
Smith, Captain John, survey by, .
Snider, Colonel Jeremiah, his compan
Stage Coaches, ....
Stake, Captain Jacob,
Steele, JReverend Captain John, .
Soldiers, Three Month's Men,
Six Month's Men, .
" Nine Month's Men,
" One Year's Men, . .
" Three Year's Men, .
" Nine Month's, drafted, .
" Independent Batteries, .
" Militia and Emergency Men
Southampton township, erection of.
Stewards of the Poor House, list of.
Straw Paper, manufacture of.
Superintendents of common schools,
Supreme Court, ....
Supreme Executive Council,
oil,
y roll
■oil
y rol
y an
d reg
PAGES.
171
23
30,33
90
138
58
53
56, 107
188
92
171
29. 166
80
189
103
21
137
56
18
164
190
173
60 ,
78
78
63
12
90,91
52
95
68
107
111
109
HI
107-10
110
112
112
135
182
55
187
54
164
208
Historical Sketch of Franklin County.
Surveyors, county,
Swedish colony,
Talbott, Colonel 3 Gvexniah, company rolls,
Taxables in county,
Taxes, early,
Thompson, Colonel William,
Towns and villages in county,
Townships, formation of,
Transportation last century, .
Treasurers of Poor House,
TroojDS in Whisky Insurrection, .
Tunkers, list of their clergymen,
Turnpikes, list and history of,
United Brethren in Christ, clei'gy of.
War for Independence,
War of 18i2-'14,
War with Mexico, .
War of the Rebellion, .
War Losses in Rebellion,
Warren township, erection of,
Washington, General, visit of,
Washington township, erection of.
Water Works, history of.
Whisky Insurrection, history of.
Young, Captain William, his company roll,
PAGES.
185
12
82
50
15,36
70, 75
140
15, 37, 124
21,51
183
49
190
52
188
22
89
106
107
56
137
47
132
55
47,89
105
APPENDIX.
INTRODUCTORY AND EXPLANATORY.
The object of this Appendix is to give brief descriptive, and in a
naanner historical, sketches of the illustrations contained in Mr.
M'Cauley's full and accurate History of Franklin County. The
pictures are from the pencil of Mr. Denslow, and the sketches writ-
ten by D. M. Kennedy, with one or two exceptions. They are
entirely distinct from Mr. M'Cauley's work, and are intended
only as minute descriptions which could not have been era-
braced in so general a history as the foregoing. Many of the
buildings illustrated have long been prominently identified with
the local history of the county. Some contrasts have been
embodied in the artist's work, such as the old and new Court
House. In the residence of Dr. J. L. Suesserott we see a
sample of the strong and massively built Flemish bond house, a
style largely predominant previous to the M'Causland raid, in 1864.
The more modern system of architecture appears in the neat and
attractive homes of Mrs. Louisa Ludwig and Hon. W. S. Steuger.
Handsome mercantile buildings are shown forth in the drawings of
the houses of Brand & Speer, George A. Miller & Son, Hoke & Co.,
W. C. M'Nulty and others, while such a house as that of Colonel
B. F. Winger strongly reminds us of days lang syne, when orna-
mentation was secondary to utility. The historical matter has been
very difficult to obtain, owing to the fact that so many records were
destroyed by fire. We have given all that could be obtained from'
the present proprietors of the buildings. We therefore commit
drawings and sketches to the public, resting assured that they will
appreciate our efforts to more fully carry out Mr. M'Cauley's contri-
bution to historic lore through the medium of these illustrations.
We feel certain that future generations will be glad to see how the
business houses, churches and j^ublic buildings of old Franklin
appeared in 1877.
D. M. K.
27
210 Appendix.
H. SHEPLER & SON, STEAM SAW MILL, WITH COAL AND liUMBRR
EXCHANGE.
In the year 1857, Mr. Henry Shepler and Rev. Joseph CUirk, of
Chambersburg, associated themselves in a eo-partnership for the
purpose of carrying on a general carpentry business, together with
all classes of turning work, such as hubs, spokes, screws, etc. On
what is now called Broad street they had erected a large frame mill,
which was fitted up with all the new and imjiroved machinery
necessary for the work purposed to be carried on. A brick engine
house was added, with an engine of tliirty horse power, suflicient
to drive the large lumber saws and all the machinery. Operations
were immediately commenced, and the firm floated on the tide of
prosj^erity. Some fifteen or twenty hands were continuously at
work. Large contracts were undertaken, and the immediate neigh-
borhood soon became a busy hive of unceasing industry.
About 1859 Mr. J. P. Culbertson was admitted as a partner, and
the firm name was changed from Shepler & Clark to Shepler, Clark
& Co. Under the new management the business still further in-
creased, until as many as forty workmen were employed. This
state of affairs kept up until after the breaking out of the war, when
rebel raids made it very uncertain whether a large lumber mill of
one day would not be a large pile of ashes the next. After the battle
of Gettysburg, in 1863, Mr, J. P. Culbertson was in Hagerstown
and the defeated army of Lee captured him, together with a num-
ber of our citizens. " On to Richmond " they were taken and were
ushered into Libby prison. Some months later Mr. Culbertson re-
turned from his forced visit to rebel realms, and shortly after his
return. Rev. Joseph Clark had his arm crushed while hauling logs
to the mill. This accident resulted in the death of Mr. Clark,
which made a change in the firm necessary. An incorporated com-
pany was then formed, which, after several years of existence, sold
out the entire works and good will to Messrs. Shepler & Myers. At
this time the business had become somewhat reduced, necessitating
the emiDloyment of a limited number of workmen. However, trade
brightened, and a very good run of business was the consequence.
This firm continued the work until July 1st, 1877, when the junior
member retired, William H. Shepler, a son of the senior partner,
having purchased his interest. Messrs. Shepler & Son are now
running the mill, with every prospect of continued success.
The specialties to which they pay particular attention, are lathe
work, turning all kinds of wooden screws, every variety of fine
scroll sawing and carpenter work generally. The firm liave also
added to their business a coal exchange. It is their purpose to sell
the different kinds of coal, and also, for the benefit of farmers, to
take their lumber and logs in exchange for any sort of coal or work
Appendix. 211
they may desire. Since the erection of the mill, the firms connected
with its management have had a high standing in the opinions of
the business men of the county. This opinion will certainly be
sustained by the gentlemen whose names stand at the head of this
article.
J. HOKE & CO , WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DRY GOODS AND NOTION
HOUSE.
The majority of the readers of this sketch will remember the old-
fashioned, two story brick house which stood on the north-east
corner of the diamond, before the fire of 1864. This house was
erected in 1800 by a Mr. Eberly, and was owned by him and his
heirs until 1855. At that time it was purchased by the preseat pro-
prietors, J. Hoke & Co. Samuel Nisely commenced business on
the corner about 1828. In 1832 James Kirby bought him out and
ran the business until 1845, when David Oaks became the proprietor,
and Avas succeeded in 1848 by J. Hoke. In 1855 Jacob and H, E.
Hoke formed a partnershi]? and continued business under the pres-
ent firm name. They dealt in a general assortment of dry goods,
notions, groceries, &c.
In 1863 Gen. R. E. Lee, with sixty thousand of his friends, bought
out the entire line of groceries, and pai<l for their purchase in cur-
rency of the Confederate government. After this bargain Hoke &
Co. gave up the groceries and confined themselves to dry goods and
notions. In 1864 the firm lost the house in which their store was
located, and all goods which had not been shipped away. Shortly
after the fire the present building was erected and the business re-
sumed. In 1865 Mr. D. K. Appenzelier went into the store as a
salesman, and ten years afterward was admitted as a member of the
firm. Mr. Appenzelier has now the charge of the active business of
the house. The wholesaling became a feature of their trade in 1864.
Hoke & Co. are among the largest dealers in dry goods outside of
the cities, and are doing an immense business at the present time.
KEYSTONE GROCERY, BRAND & SPEER.
On South Main street, at the corner of the alley between Market
and Queen, is located one of the oldest business stands in Cham-
bersburg. As early as 1785, Samuel Calhoun kept a house of gen-
eral merchandize, and since that time the room has never been
exempt from barter and trade. Before the great fire of 1864, a large
stone house occupied the position of the present three storied brick
one. It was for many years the residence of Judge Thomson, but
throughout his life this room was always used for mercantile pur-
poses. The proprietors, in years gone by, were James Marshall,
212 Appendix.
James Rosh, David Oaks and John Armstrong, who kept what are
now denominated "country stores." Myers & Brand kept a hard-
ware store, succeeded by Brand & Flack, who bought the property
and at the time of M'Causland's raid had a hardware store. After
losing almost their entire stock, they energetically rebuilt the
house that now occupies the lot. George A. Miller succeeded them
in the business, and occupied the room until April 1st, 1877. At
this time Messrs. J. S. Brand and John Speer went into a partner-
ship to carry on a wholesale and retail grocery business. As the
building was partially owued by Mr. Brand, Mr. Miller vacated
and the new firm took possession. The store room, about ninety
feet in length, was refitted entirely with a view to the grocery line,
and the new firm are progressing very successfully, as they fully
deserve.
CHAMBERSBURG EAST OF THIRD STREET.
Third street, through which that which was orijiinally known as
the Franklin Railroad runs, and which, since its absorption by the
Cumberland Valley Railroad, has extended to Martinsburg, Va.,
at the time of the building of the railroad in 1838, was almost the
extreme eastern boundary of the town. The elegant residences of
Messrs. Nixon, Sharp, Duncan, M'Lellan, Hoke and M'Knight, to-
gether with many others that now adorn tlie eastern section of this
borough did not cast the faintest shadow on the misty future of the
town. Tlie now attractive yards and gardens were then used as
pasture lauds and for other agricultural purposes, and they who were
wont to climb the Academy hill in pursuit of knowledge, and also
often in other pursuits not so honorable, could look out all over the
broad expanse of country and meditate of tilings other than the crea-
tion of a town in a few years. The original settlement havingbeen
in the neighborhood of the Woolen Mill, the village expanded from
that center in all directions, but more rapidly toward the western
end of Market street, as that was the direction of the bulk of travel,
and by reference to a map made as late as 1858, it will be seen that
comparatively few houses of any pretension were erected east of
Third street, on either Market, Queen or Washington streets, but
with the more recent advance of the town in an easterly direction,
and the rapid growth of the village of Stoufferstown, the prediction
is not a preposterous one that within the next decade the consolida-
ted borough of Chanibersburg will measure from three to three and
a half miles in width, in the direction from east to west.
The very eligible locations for building, purposes that can be
found east and south-east of the present borough limits, give prom-
ise of a rapid extension of the town in those directions. A number
of lots that have been laid out an4 sold by Dr. J. L. Suesserott on
Washington street and Baltimore avenue have already been built
Appendix. 213
upon, and others that have been sold, and many more yet to sell by
the same person, together with the lands of Frederick Byers, F. A.
Zarman, Wm. Huber and others, will atford sueh a space for im-
provement that when once occupied by houses that which was orig-
inally the center of the town will hold a position in one extreme,
for the insurmountable reason that the location of the Cedar Grove
cemetery, the natural condition of the land west and north-west,
and other causes will make building, to any great extent, in any
other direction than that indicated impracticable.
The present generation has seen Chambersburg extend itself to
more than double its proportions of forty years ago, and now with
its splendid water supply, gas works and railroad facilities, few
towns in this State or any other State have a more brilliant future
before them, surrounded as this is by one of the most fertile agri-
cultural regions, which covers inexhaustible deposits of iron and
other valuable ores, and bristling with timber that is suited for al-
most any purpose.
WATCH AND JEWEI^RY HOUSE— A. V. REINEMAN.
In the year 1832 Mr. A. Eeineman came from Zeigenhein, Prussia,
to this country. The family came to Pennsylvania and located at
St. Thomas. In 1834 Mr Reineman came to Chambersburg and be-
gan- work on a small scale in the front room of a log house which
stood where the residence of Mr. Frank Henninger now stands, on
south Main street, a few doors north of the Reformed church. Af-
ter living there two or three years he married and moved across the
street to a house which he bought and still owns. Gradually getting
trade he bought out a jeweler by the name of Holsey, who carried
o-n bis business in a one story weather-boarded house which occu-
pied the site upon which is now located the residence of Mr. H. M.
White, on south Main, a few doors from the Diamond. A two-story
stone house owned by Pritts and Gilmore was next bought by him.
It stood one door north of his shop, where John Jeffries, Esq., now
lives. In 1849 he sold this house and moved his store to the corner
where Repository Hall now stands. It was then a two-story brick
house, and had for many years been in the occupancy of a Mr.
Scott, who was also a silversmith. Thence he went to the house
built by Sheritr HoflTman on south Main, between Queen and Wash-
ington streets. Here he remained for many years. His was one of
the few houses which M^ere not destroyed by the rebels in 1864. In
1869 he bought the property on the corner of the alley on south
Main street, between Market and Queen streets, and removed his
store there. In the same year he took his son, Mr. A. V. Reineman,
into partnership with him. Three years afterwards Mr, A. V.'
Reineman bought out his father's interest in the store and has been
214 Appendix,
carrying it on since. In November, 1877, the house was also bought
by the son from ihe father, and the whole establishment is now in
the possession of Mr. A. V. Reineman.
When Mr Augustus Reineman came to Chambersburg he carried
his entire stock and tools in a satchel. Nobody knew him, and it
was an up-i)ill work to secure any share of the public patronage. A
kind hearted gentleman heard of a clock which no jeweler had
been able to put in running order for many years, and thinking it a
good chance to test his skill took Mr. Reineman to see it. The
owner of the clock was loth to allow him to try his workmanship,
but after some talk the task was given him with the assurance that
if he spoiled the time-keeper it would go hard with him. It is
needless to say that the clock was put in perfect order and ran to the
entire satisfaction of the owner. To this little incident, Mr. Reine-
man is no doubt indebted for iiis success. Chambersburg was a
small town then, and when it became known that this stubborn
clock was again ticking away the hours, everybody had a clock to
be repaired. Mr. Reineman has turned out many good apprentices
from his workshop, and there are yet some of the old bulls-eye
watches in the county whicli had their origin from his skilful
hands.
The present proprietor is kept busily engaged, and also deals large*
ly in all kinds of silver ware and ornamental jewelry.
HARDWARE— GEO. A MILLICR & SON.
The site, south-east corner of Main and Q.ueen streets, Chambers-
burg, now occupied by George A. Miller & Son, is one of the oldest
hardware stands in tlie Cumberland Valley. The lot was purchased
about the >ear 1815, by the late Barnard Wolff, Esq., who com-
menced the general hardware business nearly fifty years ago. After
a long time, during which the business was conducted with con-
siderable pecuniary profit to its owner, it passed into the hands of
his son J. G. Wolff, and afterward, by him sold to Huber & Tolbert,
who continued until the fire in 1864. In September, 1876, arrange-
ments were made by Geo. A. Miller & Son with C. H. Wolff and
B. Wolff, Jr , sons of B. Wolff Sr., and present owners of the
property, for the erection of a building on the old corner for their
business. The drawings for the store were made by F. Keagy, Esq.,
architect, and built by Henderson and Gillespie, carpenters. The
whole structure is 106 feet deep on Queen street, by 23 feet, on Main.
The store room is 79 feet 9 inches by 20 feet 4 inches, with a ware-
house 26 by 20 feet 4 inches for iron, in rear, divided from store by
a glass partition. The interior fixtures are of yellovi' pine and black
walnut, shellacked. The shelving is made adjustable. The building
was completed by March, 1877. Geo. A. Miller commenced the
Appendix. 215
hardware business in Chambersburgin October, 1870, by purchasing
the stock of Brand Flack & Co., occupying their old quarters until
he removed to the present location. January 1st, 1876, he admitted
his son, Geo. A Miller, Jr., into partnership with him, under the
firm name of Geo. A. Miller & Son. They have now one of the
best arranged stores in the valley, and carry a large stock of goods,
embracing a very general assortment of Builder's Hardware, Cut-
lery, Tools, Coach Trimmings, Saddlery Hardware, Shoe Findings,
Paints, Oils, Iron, Steel, House Furnishing Goods, Wood and Wil-
low Ware, Terra Cotta Pipe, Vases, <fcc., &c. They also have the
agency for the following well known manufactories. Dupont's
Powder Works, of Wilmington, Delaware; Calumet Sewer Pipe
and Fire Brick Works, of Ohio ; Hall's Safe and Lock Co., of Cin-
cinnati; and Saluvia (Fulton Co.) Tannery.
DR. J. L. SUESSEROTT'S RESIDENCE.
The residence of Dr. J. L Suesserott, the house in which he was
born almost 50 years ago, situated on the south-vi^est corner of Main
and Washington streets, Chambersburg, was erected by his mater-
nal grandfather, Jacob Dechert, three or four years^fter the incor-
poration of the town into a borough in 1803. Mr. D., was a native
of Reading, Pa., and migrated to this county about the year 1796,
and established himself at once on the property where this house
now stands. He was by occupation a hatter, for the purpose of
which branch of industry he erected the building south of the
corner, now in the occupancy of T. A. Mohr as a tin and stove store.
After the erection of the corner house the intervening space was
used as an open alley for a number of years, until the proprietor be-
cause of his increased force of workmen, experiencing the want of
more house room, caused the upper portion to be closed with an
archway, leaving the lower part open until early in the year 1818,
when he converted that also into a room for the accommodation of
the post office, he having been appointed Post Master April 7th,
1818, and continuing in that capacity until March 20th, 1829. After
that the room was occupied as a finishing room for the hat estab-
lishment by his brother Daniel Dechert, who succeeded him, and
who continued to use it for that purpose until April, 1854, when it
was converted into a physician's office by its present occupant.
Jacob Dechert's name appears upon the list of the first borough
council, which was elected in 1804, and although greatly disabled
by an injury to one of his limbs, he continued to occupy a promi-
nent position in the afTairs of the town until the time of his death,
which occurred March 26th, 1829.
The publishers of this work have secured a sketch of this house,
not because of its possessing any particular architectural merit, al-
216 Appendix.
though being of brick, laid in the old Flemish bond, as is the one
directly opposite as well as the one a few doors south, now owned
and used as a dwelling by Mrs. L. M'Kesson, all of which were
erected within a year or two of each other ; it is one of tho most
substantial buildings in Ihe town. But it occupies another and
more important position in the history of Chambersburg, it being
the point where the fire that had been kindled by rebel vandals on
the 30th of July, 1864, was arrested.
The portion of the town south of this property, which covers a
considerable space, with the exception of the houses that have been
erected since the memorable burning, are of the old style of archi-
tecture, and were, if we except three or four, all built after the one
now under consideration, and constitute the only section of this
now beautiful town that will be recognized by visitors who were
familiar with it prior to its destruction.
South Main street on that eventful occasion presented a scene that
can scarcely be depicted. The street and houses were crowded with
carriages, women and children who had been driven from their
homes by the fiery element, which in lanibent flames licking each
other, had formed a scorching archway over the streets north of
Washington street. The retreating mass, still unwilling to yield
their household gods without a struggle, with defiance on their
countenances, withdrew inch by inch, as would a well organized
army before a relentlfss foe. When the refugees that had collected
into the house represented by our picture were about to depart, sat-
isfied that it too must fall before the flood of destruction, the pro-
prietor at the request of a sister now deceased, went to his desk to
secure any valuable papers that might have been overlooked, and
finding a traveling flask of witisky, which had. been placed there
after- a former flight to save his horses from the raiding rebels, and
feeling that he might need some medicinal agent, a«r he expected
to have a large number of helpless women and children under his
care, placed it in a side pocket, but it was scarcely there until it be-
came a source of great anxiety to him, inasmuch as the rebels were
appropriating the hats and handkerchiefs, and all other movable
effects of the citizens, and as his handkerchief covered the flask, he
expected that if it were taken the flask would soon follow, and be
the caune of much injury. By a little extra care, however, he was
enabled to protect it until his attention was engrossed by, to him, a
more weighty consideration. His surgical instruments, which had
been placed in a secret cupboard behind the hall door, had been dis-
covered by the rebels, who were then swarming in and out of the
office and hall, and in their efforts to force the locks of the cases
they had thrown them on the floor near the open door. Noticing
an officer near the front, on horseback, he accosted him as Colonel,
and informed him that if called upon in the capacity of a surgeon
Appendix. 217
he would be unable to render any service, as his men were disabling
him. The officer ordered them to lay the instruments down and
come out of the house. This order was hardly complied with and
the door closed until he countermanded it, saying that the instru-
ments would be useful to the Conft-derac^y, and in their eagerness to
recover them the men were about to break through the door, when
the Doctor, with a dead-latch key, opened the same. They had
scaTcely begun to gather them up when they were again ordered to
lay them doAvn and come out, and instructions were given to close
the door. The proprietor was then called to the side of the officer,
who informed him that there were ten men with them who did not
belong to the army who would save the balance of the town if
$20,000 were immediately forthcoming. He, the officer, was politely
informed that it was cruel to mock a crippled foe, and that he must
know that he was demanding that which it was impossible to fur-
nish. He then demanded $10,000, then $5,000, and was informed
that not $5 would be paid. He then replied that it would all have
to go. and rode away.
A man without any mi'litary insignia was noticed near by, who,
during a great portion of the time that the Rebels had been in the
occupancy of the town, was seen to exert a great influence upon the
men, was interrogated as to who the departing officer was, and he
replied that he was Colonel Dunn. The flask that had caused so
much anxiety was politely handed to him, with a request that he
would sliare it with Colonel Dunn, and press the petition that the
fire might be stopped. With great alacrity he started, but soon re-
turned with a flat denial from Colonel Dunn. The whisky had
how ever made a fast friend out of the individual, who iDroved to be
a John Callon, from Baltimore, an independent aid on General
Johnston's staff. Colonel Dunn soou returned to the scene and was
again importuned, but as obdurate as evnr he advanced as far in a
northward direction as the flames and heat would allow, and on
being driven back by the same, said to his petitioner that he might
now stop the fire if he could. The liouses on the north-e ast and
north-west corners of Main and Washington streets were a mass of
flames, as was all the northern portion of the town, as fiir as could
be judged from this locality, and the cornices and roofs of the houses
on the opposite corners were smoking and ready to ignite when the
present proprietor of the one rej^resented in our illustration hurried
three of his neighbors, namely. Miss Charlotte Oyster, Wm. H.
Mong and P. Dock Frey through the house to the garret with buck-
ets of water, who, by unsurpassed agility and energy, quenched
the already developing flames, and with the assistance of a fiiendly
rebel he got the only remaining fire engine to the scene of conflict.
After the engine arrived, on two or three occasions, heartless
rebels attempted to arrest its worl\:ing, but they were quicl^ly dis-
28
218 Ap2)cndlx.
posed of through the agency of the whisky-bought friend, who to-
gether with some other rebels, who were not entirely lost to all
feelings of humanity, rendered valuable assistance at the engine
until the report reached them of the advance of General Averill by
way of New Franklin, four miles distant, when a hasty departure
of the invadi ng fiends was inaugurated. In the midst of tiiese
rapidly passing events, after the owner of the property on the
south-west corner had been sufficiently assured so as to venture to
open up the rear of his premises for the purpose of procuring water,
the other sources of supply having been exhausted, he was accosted
by a young rebel who de.<ired his assistance in making his escape
from his companions, and also to secure a mare which he represent-
ed had been given to him by a sister in Mississippi, who had since
died. Placing this would-be deserter as a 2;uard to protect his stable,
which had on several occasions during the day been saved from the
flames through the exertions of his new-made friend Gallon, he
secured the services of a man whom he knew would be efficient,
and at the proper tine had the sentinel at the stable transformed
into a jDatit-nt at the hospital, and his mare was furnished with a
secure abode. The disguise of the deserter, by the cropping of his
hair and the donning of a patient's gown, was so perfect that he, to-
gether with regular occupants of the hospital, were on the front
pavement watching the departure of his former comrades. He was
afterwards sent to General Coucli's headquar ers at Harrisburg, but
the mare, instead of reaching the custody of the Federal authori-
ties, as contiaband of war, was spirited away by one whose position
under the government should have elevated him above the commis-
sion of larceny. It is strongly surmised that she was afterwards re-
covered by her original owner, for very soon after his discharge from
military control, at Harrisburg, the animal, which had been dis-
posed of to a crippled horse doctor, a patient in the hospital, was
stolen from town and her subsequent history could not be follow^ed.
MRS. LOUISA LUDWIG'S RESIDENCE.
King street west of Main was a thoroughfare of magnificent dis-
tances before the year 18G4. Very few houses were built betvk^een
Main and Franklin streets. The two-story frame house which oc-
cupied the place upon which Mrs. Ludwig's cottage now stands was
burned by the rebels. In 1865 Mr. Upton Washabaugh contracted
with Mr. Samuel Seibert for the present edifice, and it was built
during that year. The cottage is pleasantly located between the
Falling Spring and the Conococheague creek, on the north side of
the street. It is built of brick, two storitrS in height, with a middle
gable ill the roof. The entx'ance is by a central hall, with a large and
well lighted sitting room on one side and a handsome parlor on the
Ap2Jendix. 219
other. There are two rooms in the front building and one in the
back down stairs, while on the second story there are five rooms in
the front and two in the rear part of the house. The whole build-
ing has been washed with a lead colored mixture and the doors
and shutters painted to correspond.
Its first occupant was Mr. Upton Washabaugh, and after his death,
Mr. Luther B. Kurtz rented it and resided there for some years. In
1871 the cottage was purchased from the Woolen Mill company by
Mr. Martin Ludwig, who occupied it with his family until his
death, since which time Mrs. Louisa Ludwig, his widow, has re-
sided there. This residence is a specimen of the style of architec-
ture which has been so popular in Chambersburg since the destruc-
tion of so many of the old style houses. In the suburbs of town
there are many of these residences erected, where our business men
enjoy their leisure after work. Having been built so soon after the
fire this is among the fiist of tlie cottage style, and can claim in
future years to have borne its share in making the county seat a
town of pleasant homes.
CHAMBEBSBURG ACADEMY.
In the Wentern Advertiser, publislied in Chambersburg in 1793
appeared an advertisement signed by James Ross, in which he said
that if suitably encouraged he would open a grammar .*chool,
"which promises to be the foundation of a permanent seminary of
learning." The school was accordingly opened in a small log house
on west Queen street, near Water. Here the institution remained
until in 1796 Captain Benjamin Chambers gave two lots, now cor.
ner of Third and Queen streets, for the purpose of establishing ah
Academy. On August 23d, 1797, a charter was granted, and a sub-
stantial, though small, brick school house was erected by the Board
of Trustees. James Ross moved his grammar school into it and the
Academy became a fixed fact. Rov. David Denny took charge of
the school in 18U0, and for twenty-six years was its Principal. In
1825 the old house, becoming too small to accommodate the pupils,
was removed and a large two-storied brick building was erected.
It contained four large school rooms and a basement story, the east-
ern side of which was occupied by the janitor, and the western as
a drill room for the students during the war. Rev. D. V. M'Lean
succeeded Rev. Mr. Denny. Rev. Dr. S. W. Crawford had char^ie
of the classical department for several years previous to 1830, when
he was called to a chair in the University of Pennsylvania. Mr.
Van Lear Davis, J. K. Shryock and Rev. Gracy filled the intervals
from 1830 to 1850. Rev. James F. Kennedy was Principal from 1850
to 1854. After this time Messrs. John Davis, Van Lear Davis, J. K.
Shryock and Mr. Kinney taught, but as the building, with all records
220 Ai)pGndix.
of teaohers and pupils, \v(>re destroyed by the fire of 1SG4, dates
and names, except those above given, have been irrecoverably lost.
During the interval between the fire and tlie rebuilding of the
Academy, Rev. James F. Kennedy, John M'Dowell, Esq., Andrew
M'Elwain, Esq., and a Mr. Ewell taught select schools. In 1867
measures were taken to rebuild the Academy, and in 1868 the pres-
ent structure, a large three storied front and two-storied back build-
ing, was completed. In September of the same year Dr. J. H. Shu-
maker, having removed from Aeademia, Juniata county. Pa., open-
ed the school. In 1871 an additional two storied biick building was
erected to meet the growing wants of the Academy. From 18G8 to
1876 three hundred and seventy-three pupils were connected with
the institution. There are now ample accommodations for thirty-
six boarders and seventy-five day pupils, with huge school room,
separate class rooms, and every needed facility for successful study
and instruction. The Chambersburg Academy under its present
management has become well known throughout this and other
States as a first-class school in every respect.
INDIAN QUEEN HOTEL — BIR. JOHN FISHER, PROPRIETOR.
This well-known hostelry, on South Main, between Queen and
Washington streets, Chambersburg, dates back to the last century.
The first landlord whose name we can trace was a man by the name
of Markle, who was located there between 1790 and 1800. Follow-
ing him came Mlcha^-l Trout, in 1800, who remained for three or
four years. About the time that recruiting was going on for the
war of 1812 this hotel was a great resort. An incident in its history
may not be out of place here. The sign which swung on a post in
front of the house had become very much dilapidated by rain, sun-
shine and storm. The landlord knew an odd genius by the name of
Frymeyer, who lived along the creek, near town. He asked Fry-
meyer, who was a natural artist, whether he could paint an Indian
Queen, and received an affirmative reply. Frymeyer asked who
would sit for his drawing, and some one suggested Jane Holland, an
employee of the house, who was gazing out of a second-story win-
dow at the time. The artist immediately went to work, and Jane's
portrait, as Queen of the Indians, swung out on the sign in a few
days thereafter. It is said to have been a remarkably correct like-
ness. After Mr. Trout, came David Radebaugh, John Kuiin,
Samuel Lochbaura, John Mish, John Kuhn again, David Beaver
and John W. Taylor. The terms of their occupancy the writer
has been unable to find record of. After the destruction of
the hotel, a two-storied brick building, by the fire of 1864,
measures were taken to rebuild, and in 1865 a part of the
present large and commodious three-storied brick building
Appendix. 221
was erected. David Taylor and Henry Feldman occupied the
house as a hotel until in 1870, when Mr. George Ludwig
bought the property. A half lot directly south of the building
was purchased and an addition built to accommodate the increase
in custom. Mr. John Fisher took the stand after its purchase by
Mr. Ludwig, and is now running a first-class house. On the first
floor of the hotel is the office, bar room, wash rooms, sitting
r<>om, dining rooms, etc. On the second floor is a handsome parlor,
and the remainder of this floor and the whole of the third is devoted
to bed rcoms, of which there are forty. Bath rooms are also in the
house. . Large stables are in the rear of the building, and altogether
it is a model of the successful hotel of 1877.
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL GROCERY — W. C. M'NULTY.
Previous to the flre of I8G4 there stood on the Diamond, next
door to the Repository and Whig building, a two-storied brick house.
Some years before the fire the store room in the building was occu-
pied by a Mr. Riddle as a bookstore. Mr. William Cook purchased
the stoie from him and conducted the business for some years. Just
preceding the tire Mr. C. H. Bush had a tobacco store, and hi^ stock
was burned. The building was owned by Col. D. O. Gehr and Miss
Maggie Denny. In 1866 or 1867 Messrs. Austin, Elder & Fletcher
purchased the whole lot from the Market Street corner to the old
Mansion House lot. In 1869, Mr. Alex. Martin, having purchased
a part of this lot, erected the three-storied brick building which is
now located the.re. In the store room he opened a grocery store.
After some time he sold out to Mr. Henry Reilly, from whom, in
turn, Mr. W. H. M'Dowell purchased in 1871. Mr. C. Burkhart
bought the building, and in 1874 opened a wholesale and retail store,
with Mr. Lortz as a partner, under the firm name of C. Burkhart
& Co. In 1876 Mr. Burkhart sold his interest in the store, and Mr.
W. C. M'Nulty went into the business with Mr. Loriz, under the
title of Lortz & M'Nulty. Then in the spring of 1877 Mr. Lortz
retired and Mr. M'Nulty took the store himself. He has since that
time been carrying on the wholesale and retail line in groceries,
candy, etc.
MARBLE W^ORKS— FORBES & EARHART.
About the year 1775 a man by the name of M'Cune erected a two-
story frame house on the south-eastern corner of Main and King
streets, Chambersburg. Captain Owen Aston lived in it for some
years, but all records are lost which would reveal its proprietorship
until it came into the possession of Mr. Peter Cook. He occupied
the house for many years, but, failing in business, the property was
seized by the Sheriff and sold to Thomas G. M'Culloh, Esq. In 1843
222 Appendix.
Mr. George Goettman bought tlie lot, having thirtj'-two feet frorit-
asie on Main street and one iuindred and eight on East King. An
addition of a two storied brick building was built at the rear of the
frame house, along King street. The frame building was changed
to a rough cast one, Mr. Goettman died about 18oP, and liis widow
continued her residence in the house. The fire of 1SG4 ended with
Mrs. Goettman's house on that side of North Main street. The corner
remained unimproved until Mr. Joseph Forbes obtaiiied a ground
lease for three years, in April, 1877, and erected thereon a fiame one-
storied building for the marble manufactory In which he and Mr,
Earhart are now located.
In 1775, Main st-eet only extended as far as King street. The road
ran westward, out King, crossing the Falling Spring, thence north-
ward between the Conococheague and the Spring. Passing along
by the location of the present brewery, through the lot now owned
by Benjamin Chambers Esq., then called the Indian burial ground,
it passed through the Presbyterian cliurch yard, and came
out directly In front of the church edifice. This tortuous course
was occasioned by the fact that from Mrs. Goettman's property the
land gradually sloped to the Spring, and on the opposite side was a
large swahip extending along the water course for some distance.
ANTRIM HOUSE— MR. C. H. SHILI.ITO PROPRIETOR.
On the corner of East Baltimore and Washington streets, one
square fi'om the Diamond, in Greencastle, is located the hotel
whose name heads this sketch. This house of entertain-
ment was opened to the traveling public in the year 1859, by J.
Thomas Pawling. This gentleman having emigrated from county
Antrim, Ireland, perpetuated the name of his native land by bap-
tizing his hostelry in its honor. Avery flourishing business was
done at this house during the reconstruction of the Cumberland
Valley, or as it was then known, Franklin railroad. This change
brought many strangers to Greencastle, the majority of whom
availed themselves of the pleasant surroundings of the Antrim
House.
Since that time the house has been always open. In the spring
of 1877 Mr. C. H. Shillito was granted a license to keep a public
house at this location, and he had a complete renovation effected.
The house was thoroughly remodeled and refitted. The only cattle
yards and scales in Greencastle are under the proprietoivhip of Mr.
Shillito, thus making it a resort for the cattle dealers and buyers of
the southern end of the county. Ample stabling room is provided
for those of the guests who visit the town in teams, while a livery
stable provides teams for those who desire to hire. A restaurant is
also connected with the hotel.
Ap2^endix. 223
WILL H. EYSTER'S TIN WAKE AND STOVE STOKE.
A one story fi-ame house in 1844 occupied the lot on south Main
street, between Mnrket and Queen, upon which is built the three-
storied iron front building in which Mr. W. H. Eyster carries on
the stove and tinware business. Some years after Mr. Van Lear
Davis bought the property, removed the frame structure and erected
a two-storied brick house in which he kept a book store. A Mr.
Irvine succeeded him Avith a hardware store. Messrs. D. S. Fahne-
stock and jr. S hafe r next purchased the property and ojjened a gro-
cery storer* After them Mr. C. Burkhart became the owner, and
established an ice cream saloon, which was destroyed in the fire of
1864. In September, 1864, Messrs. L. B. Eyster and E. G. Etter
bought the ground, erected the present building, and engaged in the
stove and tinware trade. In 1866 this firm dissolved, Mr. L. B. Eys-
ter retiring, and Mr. S. F. Greenawalt entered the establishment,
under the firm name of Etter & Greenavvalt. In 1868 Mr. Greena-
walt left the house and Mr. Etter continued the business alone until
1870. Mr. L. B. Evsterthen bought the stock and continued the
business until October, 1876, when his son, Mr. W. H. Eyster, be-
came the proprietor, and is now enjoying a fair share of the public
patronage. All sorts of plumbing, gas fitting, slate mantels, tin and
stove work are the specialties of this house."
C. H. CRESSLER'S drug STORE.
Ik
On the 29th of June, 1775, Colonel Benjamin Chambers, the
founder of Chamhersburg, and Jean his wife, conveyed the lot, (No.
fi in the plan of Chamhersburg), situate at the south-west corner of
Main and Queen streets, 64 feet wide on Main street, and 256 feet
deep on Queen street, to Captain Williams Chambers, for the consid-
eration of one pound ten shillings, Pennsylvania currency, or three
dollars and fifty cents of our present money, on condition that he
would build a house upon it, at least sixteen feet square, within two
years, and subject to an annual quit rent of fifteen shillings. Wheth-
er Captain Williams Chambers ever built that house is not known.
On the 7th of May, 1778, Captain Chambers conveyed to Joseph
Thorn, Sr., for the sum of £15. Joseph Thorn, on the 22d of No-
vember, 17S3, conveyed to Dr. Alexander Stewart, for the sum of
£36 specie. Dr. Stewart, on the 12th of April, 1785, conveyed the
western quarter of the lot to James Caldwell for £40 specie, and on
the 7th of April, 1789, sold the eastern three-fourths of the lotto
Patrick Campbell, (Merchant), for £140 specie. And on the 19th of
October, 1790, Patrick Campbell sold the property to John Colhoun,
(Merchant) for £140 specie. John Colhoun owned the property until
his death in 1822, and it is believed that he erected the substantial
224 Appendix.
brick building which stood upon it prior to 1804. Mr. Colhoun was
one of the uierchauts in our town in 1784, when the county of
Franklin was erected, and for many years carried on the merchan-
dizing in a room situated where JNIr. Cressler's drui; store now is.
About the year 1815 he was succeeded in business by two of his
sons, James Colhoun and Andrew Colhoun. After some time
Andrew retired, and James Colhoun continued business alone
for a number of years. He was succeeded by Michael Grier and
Holmes Crawford. About the year 1830 or 1832 Alexander Colhoun
became the owner of the property under an Orphans' Court sale,
and on the 12th December, 1832, he sold it to Rev. James Culbertson
for $6,000, who on the 18th of November, lSo4, sold to James Col-
houn for the same price, $6,000. Elihu D. Reed carried on the Mer-
cantile business at this corner from about 1833 to 1837, and was suc-
ceeded by Franklin Gardner for two or three years. After Gardner
quit business, Walter Beatty and John M'Geelian carried on the
dry goods business at this point for a number of years. Colonel
M'Geehan then retired and Mr. Beatty continued until about the
year 1853 or 1854, when Wm. Heyser, Sr., ])urchased the property
from James Colhoun's administrators. Mr. Heyser held it until his
death in 1863, when it passed into the hands of J. Allison Eyster.
William Heyser, Jr , commenced the drug business at this stand in
1854, and continued there in business until September, 1863, when
the firm of Heyser & Cressler was formed, azid they were in the
occupancy of the stand as a drug store when the town was burned
by the rebels on the 30th of July, 1864. The present building was
erected by J. Allison Eyster, in the year 1866, and Mr. Charles H,
Cressler has occupied the corner room as a drug store from Novem-
ber of that year to the present time. The business under his man-
agement has been large and prosperous, and his well known knowl-
edge and experience as a i)harniaceutist, and the varied and exten-
sive stock always kept on hand by him, have made his establishment
the leading drug store of the county, and > ielded him that generous
return which is their legitimate fruits. He is now the owner of the
property, having purchased it during the present year.
THE NATIONAL, HOTEL— MRS. MARTHA TROSTLE, PROPRIETRESS.
On March 30th, 1734, Benjamin Chambers took out a license from
the Penn proprietary for four hundred acres of land at the Falling
Spring's mouth, and on both sides of the Conococheague, the pres-
ent site of the town of Chambersburg. Benjamin Chambers, on
July 12th, 1777, conveyed the lot, bounded now on the north by lot
of Miss Susan Chambers, on the east by a sixteen foot alley, on the
south by a sixteen foot alley, and on the west by North Main street,
to Nicholas Snyder. The price paid was £1, 10s., currency, equal to
Appendix. 225
about four dollars of our prtsent money, and the provisioDS of the
sale were that within two years Mr. Snider should erect a substan-
tial dwelling house, at least sixteen feet square, and forever after
pay an annual quit rent of I5s., to said Benjamin Chambers, his
heirs or assigns, on the 28th day of June of each year. Mr. Snider,
who lived in a stone house on the corner now owned by George
Ludwig, opposite the Central Presbyterian church on the Diamond,
erected a two-storied stone building on the site now occupied by the
National Hotel At the death of Nicholas Snider, his son Jacob
took the house at its appraised value, and kept a hotel known as
the "White Horse Tavern." He had the building rough-east, and
at his death Mr. Barnard WolfT, his executor, sold the property to
John W. Taylor, on November 18th, 1851, for $2,265, who changed
the name to the "White Swan Hotel," and bought out the annual
quit rent on March 3d, 1854. On March 21st, 1855, John Miller be-
came the owner of the stand. He added to his purchase a small lot
immediately to the east of the hotel grounds, across the alley and
opposite to Colonel Gehr's stable. An addition of a brick building
was made by Mr. Miller during his occupancy of the premises.
April 2d, 1860, Mr. Miller sold to Michael M. Grove and John R.
Weist, Weist selling his interest to Grove on April 1st, 1861. Two
years afterwards, March 31st, 1863, Mr. Grove retired, Mr. Daniel
Tro.stle becoming the owner. On July 30th, 1864, the hotel went in
the general conflagration, but nothing daunted, Mr. Trostle imme-
diately began rebuilding. In the Spring of 1865 the house was
opened under the name of tlie "National Hotel." February 20th,
1875, Mr. Trostle died, and since that time the hotel has been under
the management of his widow, Mrs. Martha Trostle. The building,
a three-storied brick, contains forty-four sleeping rooms, besides the
oflQce, reading room, dining room, parlor and sample rooms. The
list of landlords since the hotel was first opened is as follows : —
Jacob Snider, John W. Taylor, John Miller, James Montgomery,
Thomas Grey, Weist & Grove, Michael Grove, Daniel Trostle
and Mrs. Martha Trostle. Just previous to the burning of
the town this hotel was a great resort for the army officers
stationed here. There is quite a romantic story told about it,
and vouched for by an officer. About the time that the hotel was
made headquarters a young woman applied for employment as a
waiter. Whenever the offieei's went to their meals this girl always
waited on them. After the army left Chambersburg she followed
it to Hagerstown, and obtained employment in the same capacity
at a hotel there which the officers frequented. By some means a
great deal of information was carried to the rebel lines, and finally
this girl was caught in the act by a Lieutenant, whose suspicions
had been directed towards her.
The hotel at present is one of the best known houses in the Cum-
29
226 Aj32Jendix.
berland Valley and sustains a reputation second to none, anions:
traveling men who come to Chambersburg.
DIAMOND NOTION HOUSK — J. & G. WATSON.
On April 1st, 1848, the executors of Dr. Andrew M'Dowell sold
to David Oaks the property now owned by Mrs. Watson, located on
the north-western side of the Diamond, Chamhersburg. A two-
storied brick house then stood there. Mr. Oaks only held the prop-
erty three days, and on April 3d, 184S, sold it to Benjamin Trexler.
For six years Mr. Trexler retained it, when he, in turn, on January
17th, 1854, sold out to John Reasner. Mr. Reasner, on March 15th,
1857, sold to Alex. K. M'Clure, from whom Mrs. Charlotte Watson
bought it on April 3d, 1858, and it has remained in her possession
ever since. This is its connected history from the year 1848 until
the present time. From whom Dr. M'Dowell bought I cannot say.
The deed was not recorded, and therefore it is almost an impossi-
bility to trace its history any further back than the year above men-
tioned.
The "Diamond Notion Store" was established in 1861 by James
Watson & Son on the same spot it now occupies. The assortment
was not large, consisting of wall paper and notions. In January,
1864, Mr. James Watson retired, his son George having purchased
his interest. Then the firm name was changed to J. & G. Watson,
and thus it has been ever since. After Mr. George Watson's en-
trance into business the store room was enlarged and improved by
the construction of bulk windows. Just at the termination of these
improvements came the raid of JM'Causiand and its consequences.
After the fire the firm, with its well known energy, opened out in a
hastily thrown together frame building on south Main street, be-
tween Queen and Washington, In 1865 and tbe spring of 1866 the
three-storied brick building now located on the ground was
erected. In March or April, 1866, the firm re-occupied their old
position, though in a much neater room, and betteradapted to their
particular line of trade. Business moved along slowly, their sales
averaging from three to four thousand dollars a year. In 1867 a
"New York Store," in the ^ame style, opened out, and the Watson
Brothers came before the public by means of jjrinter's ink, and ran
their sales up to tliirty or forty thousand dollars per year. Since
that time they have enjoyed a first rate run of custom, both in their
wholesale and retail departments.
THE CENTRAL, PK,E.SBYTERIAN CIIUKCH OP CHAMBERSBUBG.
On the 9th day of June, 1868, the Pi-esbytery of Carlisle, in accord-
ance with a request of certain members of the Falling Sirring Pres-
RES. OF JOHN R. Of?R. Market St. Ghamb9 PA
iimWiMiiitiMJ
CENTRAL PRESBYTER
J. C . CA
"Antral w^si^/'f^'/jlgf ^^^^s^^.LJ
Appendix. 227
byterian Church, appointed a committee to visit Cham borsburg and
inquire into the expediency of organizing a second Presbyterian
church. This committee met in the Falling Spring church on the
15th day of August following, and after a careful investigation of
, the circumstances determined, and proceeded to organize what was
at first called the Second Presbyterian Church of Chambersburg,
Twenty-eight persons, twenty women and eight men, presented
certiticates of membership in the Falling Spring Church, and were
organized into the new congregation. An election for elders was
then held, which resu'ted in the unanimous choice of James C.
Austin and James A. Reside.
The Commissioners of the county very generously, and without
solicitation, oiTered the free use of the Court House to the new or-
ganization as a place of public worship. On the morning of the
24th of August, the Church held its first religious service, when the
Rev. James F. Kennedy, D. D., preached. A Sabbath School was
soon put into operation, and has been continued to the present time
without intermission.
After hearing several ministers as candidates, the Rev. I. N. Hays
then serving the Middle Spring Church, received and accepted a
call to the pastorate of the congregation. Mr. Hays soon entered
on his duties, and was formally installed by a committee of the
Presbytery on the 11th day of December, 1868.
Immediately after the organization the purpose was formed to
secure a permanent home for the congregation. A committee, pre-
viously appointed, reported on December 12th that they had' pur-
chased the lot on which the Franklin Hotel had stood ^before the
burning of the town. As soon as possible, plans for a church build-
ing were secured and adopted. A Building Committee, consisting
of James C. Austin, James A. Reside and Col. O. N. Lull, were
chosen, and proceeded at once to prepare the foundation. These
men faithfully and vigorously pushed on the work. On the 25th
day of May, 1869, the corner stone was laid with appropriate and
solemn ceremonies.
On Sabbath, December 12th, 1869, just one year after the purchase
of the lot, the congregation met for the first time in the new lecture
room, to worship and praise the Lord, at which time the sacrament
of the Lord's Supper was administered. The membership had by
this time increased to the number of seventy.
Early in 1870 the work of completing the large audience room
was undertaken. In 1874 it was finished and was dedicated to the
service of Almighty God on Thursday, the twenty-first of Seotem-
ber.
The Rev. Mr. Hays labored as pastor of the church till May 24th,
1875, when he preached his farewell sermon, and soon started for his
newly-adopted home in Junction City, Kansas.
228 Appendix.
Tlie cliurch was without a pastor for a period of about three
months, when the Rev. J. C. Caldwell, then of the Lycoming
Church, of Williainsport, Pa., was called. He entered on his duties
on the 13th of September, 1875, and was installed as pastor on the
23d day of October following.
Thfe church is now in a very prosperous condition ; has but a com-
paratively small debt, and owns property worth about fifty thousand
dollars. It has a membership of about two hundred in number and
is steadily growing.
COL. winger's residence— greencastle.
This house, located on the Square in Greencastle, was built in the
year 1812, by Mr. John M'Lanahan, and was at that time considered
a fine mansion property. Fashions change, however, and the resi-
dence so stylisli in those dnjs is now pointed out as a good, old-
fashioned house. It is the oldest mercantile stand in the town, and
has always been held in high esteem as a flrst-class business Icjcatiou.
The "Farmer's Bank of Greencastle" occupied a portion of the
house previous to 1818. The part allotted to trade is now occupied
by a general store, the "Valley Echo'' printing establishment, bar-
ber shops and law otfices. It has belonged to its present owner,
Col. Benjamin Franklin Winger, for several years.
MARBLE YARD— S. P. SHULL, PROPRIETOR.
Prior to the year 1822 the thoroughfare now called Market street,
in Chambersburg, had but few buildings built along its westward
course. At the corner of the Diamond, where the Central church
is, stood the old hostelry known from Philadelphia to Pitts-
burg as the "Green Tree Tavern." Westward there was a small
weatherboarded house and the hotel stable between Main street and
the alle^'. From the alley to the Conococheague there was a ravine,
its western side slopiug to the creek. Of the history of the marble
yard property the writer has been able to gather but little. The
first mention found in the deed records reveals the fact that the
Court of Common Pleas confirmed a sale made by Sheriff J. M.
Maclay to Alexander M'Donald, of Baltimore, of the lot upon
which the marble yard is now loca'ed, in the year 1822.
By the death of M'Donald the property passed into the
hands of a Robert Lemmon, whonj M'Donald had ap-
pointed a trustee of this laud. On December 27tli, 1850,
Wm. M'Lellau, Esq., became the owner, through a deed given by
Lemmon and the other trustees. Mr. M'Lellan only held it three
years, and on August 13th, 1853, sold the part known as the "King
Marble Yard" property to James King. There was a two-storied
Appendix. 229
brick dwelling house and a frame shop on the land at the time of
the fire, and they were both burned. After the fire some time
elapsed before Mr. King rebuilt. A three-storied, rough-cast brick
house now stands on the property, together with a two-storied frame
work-shop. After being proprietor for almost a generation, Mr.
King traded with Mr. James R. Brewster, of Newville, for some
property near Fannettsburgh. On March 6th, 1874, Mr. Brewster
took possession and held it until 1877. After Mr. King's departure
Mr. Samuel P. Shull rented the shop and carried on the marble
cutting. Succeeding in the trade better than he expected, Mr.
Shull, on March 24th, 1877, purchased the lot from Mr. Brewster,
together with the dwelling house to the west of the marble yard.
An experienced marble worker, Mr. Shull is kept; constantly busy
supplying memorial stones and monuments for the little hillocks
which are consequent to the growth of the village of 1777 into a
large and beautiful town a century after. During the war of the
rebellion, those noble men, the Home Guards, heard that Stewart
was coming on a raid. Just opposite Mr. Shull's yard they con-
structed a barricade of sand bags. Down New England hill the
rebels came, but the barricade belched no deadly fire in their faces.
The guards had skedaddled and the sand bags were disgusted.
HON. W. S. STENGER'S RESIDENCE.
Chambersburgh, in olden times, was a noisy, bustling post town
on the through route between Philadelphia and Pittsburg. Lines of
stages lumbered out daily for Baltimore and the two cities above
mentioned. About the year 1815 the Harrisburg and Chambersburg
turnpike company came into existence, and the pi-esent piked tho-
roughfare was taken in charge. The stages from Harrisburg did not
get into Chambersburg until they came to the Falling Spring church.
To the North of the church edifice, as late as 1841, there were only
the following named houses built: Mr. W. S. Chambers' stone resi-
dence stood, as it were, in the country. Following the turnpike, the
frame house owned by Mr. John Trostle was then a new house.' At
the Point stood an old log tavern, which has, since that time, been
modernized and changed to a dwelling house. Beyond the Point
was a hill, which has been removed ; going still northward, the
frame house on this side of the school house was built, and that
neighborhood was slightly swampy. The old gate-house, kept by
Mrs. Shiyock, stood across the road, at the line between Mr. C. H.
Taylor's and Rev. J. A. Crawford's residences. Here was quite a
hill, which, under the direction of J. Allison Eyster, was removed.
Mr. Eyster bought the property at sheriff's sale, April 1st, 1861. It
•was then partially a field and partially a garden for the gate-house
keeper. In accordance with ideas of improvement, Mr. Eyster pro-
230 Appendix.
cured the removal of the gate-house to u situation one mile further
north, and set a force of men ai work blasting and digging down the
hill. After the fire of 1864 he began to build the present building.
The residence is a handsome two-storied frame house, built in with
brick, and presents an attractive apjjearance from the street. It
contains in the front building, down stairs, four rooms, up stairs,
nine rooms; in the rear part there is one room on the first door and
three up stairs, one of which is a bath room. On Decetnber 9th,
1871, Mr. J. A. Eyster conveyed to W. B. Brown, M. D., who estab-
lished a Water Cure establishment. This project was unsuccessful,
and the house was rented out. Hon. W. S. Stenger, on September
4th, 1875, purchased from Dr. Brown, an<i now owns it. Well loca-
ted, with very pi-etty front and side lawns, it is one of the most at-
tractive homes in our town,
THE MASSACRt: OF SCHOOL CHILDREN AND THEIR TEACHER IN 1764.
[The following sketch, though not pertaining to the drawings, is
of a historical character. I am indebted to Mr. S. H. Eby, of
Greencastle, for it. — t>. m. K.]
In compliance with a request made by you, I shall endeavor to
furnish a brief history of the foul murder of a teacher and all his
pupils, with one exception, which was perpetrated by the Indians,
on the morning of the 26th of July, 1764. The region in which this
brutal murder was committed was then in Cumberland county,
(now Franklin), about three miles north of Gieencas'le, and ten
miles south-west of Chambersburg. Enoch Brown was the school-
master of the settlement. He is said to have been a man of liberal
culture, particularly noted and respected for his truthfulness, integ-
rity and christian character, in short, he was an exemplary teacher
of his day. On the morning above named, he proceeded as usual to
the log school house, which was a structure of the rudest character,
opened it, and doubtless performed the various duties attendant
upon the teacher to put things generally in readiness for the open-
ing of the school. Tradition says that on the above named day the
children were generally loath to go to school, even those that were
particularly fond of going at other times, disliked very much to
start on that morning. One boy, after leaving home, decided he
would not go to school, but loiter in the woods, and hence he escaped
the sad fate which befel his schoolmates. One by one the boys and
girls came dropping in with dinner basket in hand, little thinking
that this would be their last day of school. When the hour for
opening school had arrived, they were told by the teacher to take
their respective places in the room ; the roll being called only ten
responded to their names, eight boysand two girls. The school had
Apjoendix. 231
been mucli larger in the early part of the summer, but the warm
weather and seasonal duties had very much decreased the number
of scholars. I have not been able to ascertain the names of all the
scholars, bat have learned from a reliable source that no two were from
the same family, so that there wt^re ten families from the settlement
represented in this school. Eben Taj'lor, a lad about 15 j'ears old,
was said to have been the largest boy, George Dunstan was some-
what younger than Taylor, and Archie M'CuUough, the boy who
survived his injuries, was the youngest child of the school. The
names of the two girls were Ruth Hart and Ruth Hale. The ac-
count given by A. M'Cullough is, that when the master and schol-
ars met at the school house, two of the scholars informed him that
on their way to school they had seen in the bushes what they sup-
posed to be Indians. But the teacher, being a mao of courage, at-
tributed this report to the timidity of the children, as such rumors
had frequently, on former occasions, been in circulation on the fron-
tier when no Indians were near. Shortly after the opening exer-
cises of the school, a noise at the door attracted the attention of the
teaelier, when it was thrown open, and to his astonishment three
Indians stood upon its threshold. Knowing that there was no
means of escape, and hoping to spare the lives of the children, he
instantly stepped to the door, and in imploring tones besought them
to kill him, to torture him, or to dispose of him as they deemed
proper, but to spare the lives of the innocent children. One of the
Indians replied, that in order to avoid detection they would be ne-
cessitated to kill the children also, and instantly one of the three
Indians sprang through the door, and fiercely attacked the teacher
with a wooden mallet. The teacher had nothing with which to de
fend himself but his hands; these were soon disabled or broken,
after which a few severe blows about the head felled him to the floor
in a dying condition. During the time the savage was brutally
murdering Mr. Brown, the children were almost frantic, running
to and fro through the house, and possibly some of them would have
made their escape into the undergrowth which surrounded the
house, but for the two Indians who remained on the outside to
guard the door and give timely notice to the wretch within in case
they were discovered. One by one the little urchins were stricken
down by furious blows from the heavy mallet of the Indian, until .
all but little Archie were stretched upon the floor, dead or dying.
As no time was to be lost, the savage monster went hurriedly from
one to another tearing off their scalps. Little Archie, who had
tlius far avoided discovery, was concealed behind some wilted
boughs, which previously had been placed in the great chimney,
from which place of concealment he could see the horrible slaugh-
ter of his schoolmates. The Indians, now supposing their work
completed, were about leaving the school house, when one of them,
232 Appendix.
looking back, observed Archie secreted in the chimney corner, and
rushing upon him, dealt him a single but fearful blow, and tearing
off his scalp, left him for dead. Some hours after this bloody trag-
edy had been committed, one of the settlers happened to come in
the vieinity of the school house, and observing the unusual quiet-
ness about the house at that hour of the day, it being about noon,
his curiosity led him to the door, when behold! the horrible scene
was presented to him. Ten lifeless bodies stretched upon the floor,
weltering in their own blood, and little Archie, who was not dead,
but blind from the blow he had received, moaning and crawlinit
about among his dead companions, smoothing his hands over their
faces, and running his fingers tlirough their hnir, as if trying to
distinguish one from another by the touch. Archie M'Cullough
recovered from his injuries and lived to an old age, but his mind
was never quite right again. A few days after this dreadful massa-
cre the whole neighborhood gathered to participate in the funeral
obsequies. The teacher and scholars wei'e all buried in the same
grave, being put into a large, rudely-constructed box, with their
clothing on, as they were found after being murdered,
THE MONTQOMERy HOUSE— W. H. M'KINI.EY, PROPRIETOR.
Directly across the alley from the National House, on north Main
street, Chairabersburg, stands the Montgomery House. Whe-n
Nicholas Snider bought the National House property he also bought
this one, and in course of time it came into the hands of Jacob Sni-
der, who in March, 1794, sdM to his brother, Jeremiah Snider, father
of our townsman, Mr. Nicholas Snider, to whom the writer is under
obligations for many historical facts otherwise unattainable. Jere-
miah Snider had been keeping a hotel on west Queen street, oppo-
site the property now occupied by H. Sierer & Co., called the Harp
and Crown. On the neWly acquired land he built a three-story
brick tavern stand, brick back building, brick stable, one-story stone
blacksmith shop on the corner of the alley, and other buildings.
The hotel was known as "The Eagle," and had a large spread eagle
for a sign. In 1823 Mr. Nicholas Snider was informed by his father
that he might have the stone blacksmith shop, and in consequence
of the gift Mr. Snider added another story to the shop and convert-
ed it into a dwelling house. David Snider followed Jeremiah Sni-
der as landlord of the Eagle. Though of the same name they were
not related. John Aughinbaugh was landlord for a year or two
previous to 1833, when Jeremiah Snider, of Bedford, rented the house.
In 1836 Mr. Nicholas Snider became "mine host." The same
year the Cumberland Valley railroad was opened for trade, and the
first train which came through had on board all the volunteers from
the Carlisle barracks, who were entertained by Mr. Snider. Mr.
Appendix. 233
Nicholas Snider was succeeded by his brother, Geo. W., about the
year 1838, and he kept the hotel until September, 1844. James
Montgomery, father of Dr. John Montgomery, rented from Mr.
Jeremiah Snider in September, 1844. From April, 1846, to April, 1847,
Thomas Gi'ay was the proprietor, who was followed by Mr. Mont-
la ornery again. In 1848 Mr. Snider died, and Mr. Montgomery, on
March 29th, 1848, became the owner, purchasing from the adminis-
trators of .Jeremiah Snider. In 1856 the building was leased to
Charles Gibbs, who only remained one year, to be followed by Mr.
Montgomery once more. From this period until his death, Mr.
Montgomery continued running the business. After his death his.
widow, Mrs. Margaretta Montgomery, was the proprietress, until
the invasion and fire of July 30th, 1864. Immediately after the
fire the present building, four-storied brick, having its offlces, read-
ing room, dining room, etc., on the first floor, the parlor on the
second, and the remainder of the house devoted to bed rooms, of
which there are forty-two, was erected. The northern part of the
house was, and is, occupied by Dr. Montgomery as a private resi-
dence. Mrs. M. Montgomery continued the business until 1866 or
1867, when Mr. W. C. M'Nulty leased the property. In September,
1868, Daniel Miller went into the house, but shortly after sold his
lease to Ephraim S. Shank. This lease expired September 21st,
1871, when Elliott & Shenafield, afterwards Elliott & M'Call, kept
until April, 1875. Since that time it has been under the manage-
ment of Wm. H. M'Kinlej', w4io has lively competition with his
rival across the alley.
CROWELL & go's SHOPS— GEEENCASTLE.
[The following sketch from the pen of J. M. Cooper, Esq., in the
Chambersburg Valley Spirit of August 15th, 1877, gives the full his-
tory of the Willoughby Grain Drill Works, at Greencastle, Pa.]
"We spent a day in the fine old town of Greencastle lately, and
put in most of the time looking through the establishment of J. B.
Crowell & Co., which we found to be a hive of industry, and which
we think it worth while to write the history of.
Bradley and Chappel started a Foundry on South Carlisle street,
in Greencastle, in 1845, and J. B. Crowell bought out Chappel in
1850. The business was conducted by Bradley & Crowell from this
date till 1857, when Franklin Keller was admitted to the firm. In
this year the manufacture of Grain Drills and Hay Rakes was ad-
ded to the ordinary business of the Foundry. This establishment
was burned down in 1861, when a temporary structure was erected,
in which the business was carried on.
In 1860, the Rev. Mr. Emerson, at that time pastor of the Pres-
byterian church at Greencastle, in connection with General Detrich
30
234 Appendix.
and \Vm. H. Davison, started a Steam Saw Mill and Sasli, Door
and Blind Factoiy. In 1861, James C. Austin bought out Messrs.
Emerson and Detrich, and he and Mr. Davison conducted the saw-
mill and sash factory till the succeedinjj year.
Bradley, Crowell and Keller dissolved partnership near the close
of 1861, and in 1862 Mr. Crowell bought out Mr. Austin and entert-d
into partnership with Mr. Davison, adding the Grain Diill and Hay
Rake manufacture to the business previously done by Austin & Da-
vison. In 187(1 the firm of Crowell & Davison was dissolved, and
W. H. Davison's half interest was f)urchased by J. B. Crowell and
Jacob DeardorfF, the latter having been in the employment of the
old firm as clerk. In 1874 Joseph E. Crowell, of Ohio, a nephew of
J. B. Crowell, purchased of him a quarter interest, the firm name
making no change., but has coutinujed siuce 1870 un<ier the title of
J. B. Crowell & Co.
The present establishment is the result of a union of the two con-
cerns whose historj^ we have briefly given.
The Works, which were of wood and quite extensive, were de-
stroyed by tire ill 1875. Fortunately the Patterns had shortly before
been removed to a building constructed for tlieir reception and were
saved from the general wreck. Temporary buildings were put up,
in which the work was carried on without serious interruption, and
preparations made for rebuilding on a more extensive scale than
ever.
The new buildings, which are of brick, were finished some time
ago and are now fully occupied. The main shop is nearly square —
60 by 66 feet— three stories high, with a metallic roof, surmounted
with an observatory, from which a magnificent view of the town
and country and distant mountains is obtained The foundry and
machine shops are in a building 90 by 50 feet in extent. The cupola
is outside of the walls of the foundr.v, a capital arrangement for
keeping the foundry clean and free from heat, and the tires of the
smith shops are blown by the same steam machinery that supplies
the blast to the foundry. The boiler and engine are in a building
detached from the rest, in the construction of which every possible
pr.ecaution against fire has been taken.
The gruund, covered by buildings and piled up with lumber, com-
prises about two acres. Crowell & Co. supply themselves with all
the lumber they use except the pine. Their hickory, oak and wal-
nut lumber comes from land owned or leased by them in their own
section, and is cut on their own mill.
Since the 1st of January last their carpenter shop has turned out
over 700 window and door frames, and over 500 pairs of shutters and
blinds, made to order, and not including sales from the stock of
frames and shutters kept on hand for sale. A good deal of this
work has come to Chambersburg,
Appendix. 235
Tbey built one hundred Wind Engines for the Stover^Company
last year, and also made and sold a large number of Hay Rakes,
Fans and other agricultural implements.
They give, at the present date, employment to more than eighty
hands, and usually run without stoppage, except at the Christmas
holidays, during the entire year.
But J. B. Crowell & Co's leading line of manufacture is Grain
Drills, and we do them no more than justice when we say that they
make thr best Drill that we have any knowledge of. They cut and
bend their own Rims and make their own iSpokes out of their own
selected lumber, and season them on their own premises, and make
their own Castings out of iron selected for its adaptability to this
purpose. Their wheels, at the same time that they are made with
an eye to neatness, have the weight and strength required to carry
the Drill over rough ground without giving way, and the whole
machine is both neat and durable — handsome to look at and certain
to last long. These Drills have the improved Willoughby gum
springs, and also corrugated rubber rollers which form a force feed
that insures a eoustant and regular flow of seed.
Crowell & Co. make drills that sow grain alone, or grain and grass
seed, or grain and fertilizers, or grain and grass seed and fertilizers.
The purchaser can have his choice, Tlie grass seeder is detachable
and can be taken off at pleasure. Or if a farmer purchases a Drill
without the grass seeder, he can at any time afterward order the
seeder and put it on himself. Ordinarily they make the Drill with
eight hoes eight inches apart, but in some instances they have made
them wider and with shafts, so as to be drawn by three horses, one
inside the shafts and the others outside. Numerous experiments
have been made with hoes closer together or farther apart, but these
have only resulted in establishing eight inches as the best distance.
The Crowell Drill is so constructed that it may be used with the
hoes in a straight line, or zigzag, or alt^rnatelj' oscillating. Where
there are large clods or rubbish on a field, the zigzag hoes, as is well
known, clean much more readily than the straight; but here is an
improvement that goes far ahead of the stationary zigzag The
hoes alternately move forward and backward. While the odd num-
bered hoes are going forward the even numbered hoes move back-
ward. The motion is slow, and the distance traversed by each hoe
is only seven inches ; that is, the hoe goes forward of the central line
8^ inches and back of it the same distance. This motion greatly
facilitates the cleaning process. At first it occurred to us that this
oscillatory motion of the hoes might cause an irregular deposit of
grain, but this thought was dissipated when we noted carefully how
slow were the advance and retreat of the hoes compared with the
progress of the drill over the ground. Besides, Crowell & Co. in-
formed us that they had tested this matter carefully and thoroughly,
236 Appendix.
and had found by actual measurement and count that the variation
did not exceed one grain in live inches on the ground. Tlie motion
given to the hoes renders the tubes less liable to choke than in the
old zigzag Drill. In fact they cannot choke at all.
This Drill seems to be perfect in all its parts and combinations,
and it is called for from distant parts of the country. Three car-
loads have already been shipped to Kansas this season, and some
are doing duty away in Texas.
The season for buying and selling Grain Drills had just opened
when we were at Crovvell & Go's, week before last, and it promised
to be a good one. During the thrfo days of the week that had gone
by, they had shipped fifty-five Drills, and they expected to ship
more in the three days that remained of the same week. We be-
lieve they are the heaviest receivers of freight on the line of the
Cumberland Valley Railroad, and we learn that in the year ending
June 1st, 1877, they paid the company over $5,700.
In exploring Crowell & Go's shops we were surprised to find a
man at work in a branch of manufacture entirely new to tiiis part
of our State. He was making a Pipe Organ, aiid had previously
made a Reed Organ, which was pronounced a good instrument.
His name is Miller and he is a native of Denmark, where he learned
his trade. He informed us ihat he had worked at this business in
Philadelphia and Erie. He does not possess the necessary means to
establish an Organ manufactory here, but Mr. Crowell informed us
that there was some probability that a company might be foi'med at
Greencastle, and the raanufaciure established. We hope that this
will be done, and that success will reward the enterprise And we
wish Franklin county had a few dozen more such men as J. B.
Crowell, whose quiet energy and enterprise have made his fine es-
tablishment what it is— a credit to the town of Greencastle, and a
benefit to the surrounding country.
MURDER OB' THE TWO MISS RENFREWS BY THE INDIANS, NEAR
WAYNESBORO', PA.
BY J. C. BCENS.
This murder, the last that was committed by the Indians in this
region of the country, occurred on what is now the farm of Mr.
Peter Fahnestock, near Waynesboro', Pa. The year in which the
murder took place, cannot now be ascertained, but I have repeated-
ly heard my father state that it was the veri/ last murder committed
by the Indians in this section of the State. I may add that I under-
stand it to be the last committed by them in this valley, and so oc-
Appendix. 237
cnrring after the murder of the teacher and children nearGreencastle.
The small log house in which the young women lived, was situ-
ated near the mill now owned by Mr. Fahnestock, and was standing
until within a f^w years. I have often seen it mj'self, and many
others remember it well. Traditionary accounts differ a little in
regard to one or two particulars in connection with their death.
Mrs. Royer, as I understand, stated that an alarm having been giv-
en that Indians were about, the two girls in question had each" a
horse neatly ready for the purpose of escaping on horseback, when
an Irishman came hurrying past and told them to be in haste, as
Indians were near; that shortly after he had passed they were shot.
The account as given by my father is as follows : that the girls
in question were wa-hing clothes that day, when the Indians came
upon them and shot and scalped them. The savages at once left,
going westward. Two experienced hunters living in the neighbor-
hood, one of whom had lived with Indians, gave pursuit. It ap-
pears there were but two of the Indians. The hunters followed the
trail towards Bedford, and on the second day, somewhere among the
mountains, the pursuers, deeming by the freshness of the trail that
they were drawing near the Indians, became more cautious; and
noticing a small opening among the trees ahead, they carefully drew
near, and there, in a small, open glade, where were several wild plum
trees, stood the two Indians under the trees eating wild plums.
The extreme caution exercised by the savages while eating was
curious. They were perfectly quiet, and each would cautiously
r.-ach up for a plum, pull it off', and then glance around the opea
area, at the came time listening, and then eat the plum.
The hunters in a whisper arranged their plan. They agreed not
to fire until nearenougn to see tlieplum seed drop from the mouth of
each savage. Then stealthily creeping on the ground they advanc-
ed near enough, when, at a signal agreed upon, they both fired, and
springing up they rushed forward to complete the work, if need be,
with their knives. But it needed no completion. Each bullet had
sped with deadly aim, and the two savages were still in death.
The men obtained the scalps of the two sisters slain near Waynes-
boro', and scalping the two Indians, they rapidly retraced their
steps with the four scalps, and reached the house where the Miss
Renfrews had lived, just as the funeral train was about to leave for
the place of burial. The hunters approaching the coffin, quietly
laid down by the corpses the two scalps taken from them, and then
laid down along side of those the other two— the Indian scalps.
This told the story.
The remains of these two young women were buried on a quiet
hill-side in view of the historic stream, Antietam. The grave can
still be identified, and is within an enclosure now used as a burying
ground by the Burns family, and near the grave of Miss Sarah
238 Appendix.
Burns. A flat stone, set edgewise, marks the grave itself; but there
is no tojnbstone or in.scrii)tion to tell whose remains lie beneath.
The only information as to the names of these two sisters, is
simply their family name — Renfrew.
FRANKLIN FURNACE — HUNTKR & SPRINGER, PROPKIF/fORS.
*Franklin Furnace, located in St. Thomas townsliip, three miles
due north of the town of St. Thomas, and at the foot of the moun
tains, was built in the year 1S28 by Peter and George Housum.
These men came from Berks county and put into active operation
their knowledge of the iron business, learned in that section of the
country. Their original purchase was the furnace property and
thirteen hundred acres of land. The ore necessary to the running
of the furnace was taken from the land which they had purchased,
and mixed with other varieties, taken from the Shearer bank, near
Loudon, and from banks near Greenvillage. From some cause or
other, success did not attend their efforts, and about the year 1845
they leased the property to Brine, Filson & Lowe. In 1848, an as-
signment baving been made by the Housums, the Furnace passed
into the hands of B. & W. Phreaner, from Lebanon county. They
operated the works until the year 1855, wJien B. Phreaner was
killed while engaged in raising a building. After his death, and
while in the possession of W. Phreaner and the heirs of B. Phrean-
er, W. Phreaner and Elmira Phreaner, liis sister, continued the
business for several years. The heirs of B. Phreaner eventually sold
their interest to Elmira, daughter of B. Phreaner, who intermarried
with Charles Molly. A new firm was organized under the name of
Molly & Phreaner. William Phreaner then sold his interest to
Peter C. Hollar, and the firm name changed to Molly & Hollar.
This firm was succeeded by M'Hose, Hunter & Co., and thesenior
member retiring shortly afterwards, the present proprietors became
the owners, and have held it ever since that time. At the time of
the purchase by M'Hose, Hunter & Co., the connected tract consist-
ed of about 1500 acres, but by subsequent purchases, has, from time
to time been increased until at the present time it contains about
5000 acres, of which, a tract containing 400 acres is farming land,
and the remainder timber.
At the present time the ores used are obtained from the Cressler
ore-bank, near Shippensburg, and a small amount from the Neikirk
bank, on the adjoining farm. It is brought by rail to Chambers-
burg, and from that point hauled by wagons to the furnace. The
fuel is all made from wood cut on the furnace lands, about 250 acres
being annually cut over for that purpose. The timber is f iled by
workmen constantly engaged in chopping on the lands of the fur-
nace, and after culling out all that is valuable as lumber, the remain-
Appendix. 239
der is cut into four foot eorr] wood and burned into charcoal. About
7500 cords are thus annually burned into charcoal and used in the
furnace. The amount of iron manufactured from this use of fuel is
about 1400 tons, although there has been over 16i<0 tons made
at the furnace in one year. About 76 men are constantly employed
in the various departments of the furnace, and the land, with the
exception of 100 acres of the farming lands, are managed by the
proprietors, and a store is carried on in the same connection, at
which quite a trade is done with the surrounding farmers. Most of
the men employed by tlie proprietors live in the houses belonging
to the property, of which there are about 30 on the lands, A steam
saw-mill is in constant use in the timber lands of the property, and
also one run by water does a large amount of business. The iron
made here commands the highest market price, being made cold-
blast, and no higher tribute can be paid the furnace and its proprie-
tors than the statement that with iron of similar makes from other
furnaces, selling iu the market at $26.00, the iron made at Franklin
Furnace is finding a ready sale at $31.00. The business is in a very
prosperous condition at present.
The firm now consistsof Messrs. John Hunterand Levi L. Spring-
er. Both gentlemen aie first class men, and have the highest
standing, both as regards the management of their works, and in
their business relations.
ONE OF THE FIRST AMBKICAN CANNON.
A century ago, on the banks of the Antietam, three miles east of
Waynesboro', Pa., stood a little blacksmith's shop Here, in 1775,
worked honest Joiin Bourns, who swung the hammer, and with
lusty blows shaptd tlie heated iron into implements fit for tilling
the soil. The war alarum rang over the country, and to John
Bourns it brought the tidings that he too must do his share to free
his fair land from the tyrant's yoke. After casting about for some
means of contributing his share to the common cause, he deter-
mined ti) try his skill on a wrought iron cannon. An extra pair of
bellows was set up, and his brother, James Bourns, together with
t-ome neighbors, called upon to give all necessary aid in keeping up
a continuous hot fire for the purpose of welding. A core of iron,
with a small bore, was first prepared, and bars of iron were welded
one by one, longitudinally on this core. The welding having been
accomplished successfully, a new drtling was made, and th°e bore
brought to as perfect a degree of smoothness and circularity as was
possible with the tools accessible.
This small cannon was taken to the army and doubtless gave no
uncertain voice in freedom's favor. On the eleventh of September,
1777, the battle of Braudywine was fought, and our cannon was
240 Appendix.
captured and taken to England. John Bourns was afterwards draft-
ed into tlie army, previous to the battle of Brandywine, and no
doubt felt very badly wheii he found that his pet had fallen into the
hands of the enemy. On accountof his great skill he was detached
from active service and detailed to repair gun locks and mak«- bayo-
nets for the use of the army. I have no recollection of reading of
the manufacture of cannon for the Revolutiormry army earlier than
the Franklin county one.
John Bourns was the father of the late General James Burns, of
Waynesboro', and he and William Burns, his brother, have related
frequently the story heretofore given, to many persons. Readers
will notice the change in the orthography of the names of the
father and son. Mr. J, C. Burns, of Gettysburg, furnished the writer
with the facts contained in this article.
MELCHT SNIVELY'S PROPERTY— SHADY GROVE.
In order to give a history of the village of Shady Grove, situated
three miles east of Greencastle, on the pike leading from Baltimore
to Pittsburg, it is necessary to give a history of the Snively families
who were the first settlers of this location. John Jacob Scbnebele,
from Switzerland, emigrated to the United States of America and
settled in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, between the years A. D.
1707 and 1718, and was naturalized in llie city of Philadelphia on
the 4th day of October, A, D. 1729, and died at the age of eighty-
four years, leaving an offspring of several children. One of these
children was Jacob Schuebele, who was born A. D. 1694, and died
August 24th, 1766, in the seventy-second year of his age, leaving an
offspring of seventeen children, whence the numerous families, now
universally known as the Snivelys, have descended. Some of these
families located in Antrim township. Many also emigrated to other
parts. As Shady Grove's origin and history is solicited, I shall en-
deavor to follow the generations down to the present day, by com-
mencing with Joseph Snively, Sen. About this time the name was
changed to Snively. I refer first to the old Patent Deed from Rich-
ard and Thomas Penn, for a tract of laud called "Punk," which was
entered in a land wan-aut, bearing date January 8th, A. D. 1753,
by Samuel Menoch, who conveyed the same to Jacob Schnebele by
deed dated 1756. Jacob Schnebele, by his last will and testament,
gave the property to his son, Joseph Snively, Sen , who attained the
age of 87 years. Joseph Snively, Sr., died on the farm he first settled
on, leaving it to his son Joseph Snively, Jr., who also reached the
age of 86 or 87 years. Joseph Snively, Jr., left the farm to his son,
Samuel B. Snively. These lauds have been handed down from one
generation to another until the present time, a period of about 130
years, and that tract of land called Punck, was added to the origin-
Appendix. 241
al about ten years after the first grant. Upon a part of this
tr^act the village of Shady Grove is located. These lands were
deeded by Joseph Snively Sr., to his son John Snively, who by will
devised them to his son, Melchi Snively, who sold the lot upon
whicli the first building was erected in A. D. 1837. At that time no
idea was entertained tliat it ever would become a town. In 1848
the present residence' and store of Melchi Snively was built. After
doing business a few years the village increased to such a size as to
warrant an application for a post office, which was obtained. The
place was called Sha'iy (rrove P. O., and since that time has become
a village of about 30 liouses and shops. Mr. Frederick B. Snively
has been Postmaster and merchant since 1856. Th'e avocation of
the Snively families predominates, and has predominated in agri-
culture, (with a few exceptions), in connection with stock feeding
and stock raising; pursuits which are so closely allied to the pros-
perity of agriculturists that they are inseparable.
STEAM ENGINE AND BOILER WORKS— FRICK & CO., WAYNESBORO'.
In producing a consecutive history of the well-known Steam En-
gine Workfe at Waynesboro', it is found somewhat difficult to gather
the correct data and to trace the successive business developments
from the beginning. Mr. George Frick, who at present writing is
the General Superintendent of the works, was also the founder and
constant conductor of the business. His own biography is so inti-
mately connected with our subject that it is necessary to use it in
this connection. He was born in Lancaster county in 1826, and in
the spring of 1838 his father settled in this county, in the vicinity
of Waynesboro'. At eighteen years of age, about 1843, George Frick
went to the inill-wright trade, and in 1845 commenced business in
a small way for himself, on the place now in possession of Henry
Good, about one and a half miles north of Quincy, in Quincy town-
ship, where he continued about two years, and then moved to the
mill property on the Antietam. about two miles south of Waynes-
boro, now owned by D. F. Good. Here he engaged in building
grain drills. In a year later he commenced business near the town
of Quincy, occupying a woolen factory for a shop, and manufactur-
ing threshing machines and other agricultural implements. It was
at this place, in the fall of 1850, Mr. Frick built his first steam en-
gine, a two-horse-power stationary, for his own use, and from his
own patterns. In the following year he again removed to a country
shop, about one-half mile north-west of the village of Ringgold
Md., and about 300 yards from the Mason & Dixons Line. Here
the engine above alluded to ran the machine shop for the manu-
facture of steam engines and various mill machinery. In 1859 he
commenced building the Geiser Grain Separator. The increase of
31
242 Appendix.
the business now necessitated better facilities, and in tiie follow! njr
year, the entire business was removed to Waynesboro', and the
manufacture of steam engines and grain separators continued on a
larger scale. In 1865 he sold out the Grain Separator business to
the Geiser Manufacturing Company, He immediately erect^Ml the
]>resent commodious buildings justopposite the old works, and made
Steam Engines and Boilers of all kinds a specialty. In 1870 he
took C. F. Bowman, of Lancaster, into co-partnership, who d'ed in
the fall of 1872. In February, 1873, a company was organiz-'d with
a capital of $100,000, and facilities were largely increased, in order
to supply the pressing demands of the trade.
The works comprise two commodious finishing shops, well fur-
nished with all the machinery, tools and appliances, usually kept
in a flrst-class, well-conducted establishment of this character; a
large boiler shop, with every thing necessary to produce work of all
kinds and styles in this line; also steam forge shop, smith shop,
iron foundry, brass foundry, paint shop, warehouse, pattern shop,
and pattern house, with a very large collection of patterns used in
manufacturing, and to which constant additions are being made.
Eight years ago fifty workmen were employed, now the company
has about one hundred employees. One moral feature is not out of
place in this connection. The company employs only sober men,
and when any of the workmen are persistent in the use of intoxi-
cating drinks, such are suspended or dismissed.
The manufactures produced by this company are the "Eclipse"
Farm, "Eclipse" Portable, and "Eclipse" Stationary Steam En-
gines, Horizontal and Vertical Stationary Engines, Steam Boilers of
various styles, Circular Saw-Mills, Mill Machinery, and general
machinist work. Their manufactures are shipped to almost every
State in the Union, and even to the West India Islands. They en-
joy the enviable reputation of making superior machinery in their
line. In the short period of three years past they have sold nearly
500 of their Eclipse Engines alone, and of the great number of
boilers constructed, they have yet to hear of the first explosion.
Their prospects are most promising, and bid fair for a very success-
ful future.
J. K. ANDREWS' FARM.
The tract of land now belonging to Mr. James K. Andrews, of
which I write, is located in Hamilton township, along the Warm
Spring road, and five miles south-east of Chambersburg. It con-
tains about, one hundred and twenty-seven acres of gravel land, of
which twenty-seven are in timber and the remainder in farming
order. On the property there are erected a two-storied frame dwell-
ing house, large stone and frame barn, and all the necessary out-
buildings. It is bounded by lands of John N. Snider, Andrew Bard,
Appendix, 243
Israel Faust, Isaac Allison, Israel Faust, Jacob Picking and others.
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in 1804, granted a patent to
Andrew Dunlop, for a large body of land, of which this farm was a
constituent part. A few years after, Dunlop sold the Andrews tract
to James Speer. Speer was notable to pay for it, and an execution
of judgment was issued. Jacob Merkle, High Sheriff of Franklin
county, on April 14th, 1810, sold the farm to Thomas Poe, Esq.
James Speer, Jr., purchased It from Poe, but only retained it until
April 4th, 1812, when Frederick Wallick became the owner. For
seven years it was in the possession of Wallick, when he sold, on
March 24th, 1819 to Jacob Hatler. Hatler remained there for nearly
half a generation, but sold to Michael Etter on March 21st, 1833.
Two years afterwards, Etter became involved, and conveyed the
farm on February 28th, 1835, to John Gird and Henry Bender to sell
for the benefit of his creditors. No sale was made, however, and
the property was re-conveyed to Etter. On April 2d, 1855, James J.
Kennedy and James Nill became the owners, and on April 2d, 1858
Judge Kennedy purchased Mr. Kill's interest, thus becoming sole
proprietox'^ In the spring of 1860 Mrs. Sarah Andrews moved from
New Village, Warren county. New Jersey, to our county, and on
the sixth day of April, 1860, bought this property from Judge Ken-
nedy. The frame house was then standing, but has since that time
been thoroughly remodeled. In March, 1866, Mr. James Andrews,
husband of Mrs. Sarah Andrews, died. Mrs. Andrews retained the
farm until January 1st, 1876, when she sold to her sons, T. M. and
J. K. Andrews. During the summer of 1875 the present large barn
was built by the proprietors, the work being done by Frank M.
Andrews. Mr. James K. Andrews bought out his brother's half
interest on July 1st, 1877, and made extensive alterations in the
dwelling house.
The present proprietor is a thorough, go-ahead young merchant.
At present he is engaged in the dry goods business, with E. Van
Volkenburg & Co., importing and jobbing, 384 and 386 Broadway,
New York City. In consequence of his business relations, he is
necessarily, for the greatest part of the time, away from the county.
His brother, Mr. F. M. Andrews, manages the farm.
o. w. good's registered distillery.
This property is, situated in Washington township, three miles
east of Waynesboro, on the Waynesboro and Monterey turnpike.
It's location is just at the foot of the South Mountain, on the Bed
Run, and a mile and a-half from the Waynesboro' Station, on the
Western Maryland railroad. John Downin began the manufacture
of liquor in the present building, about the year 1858, and the name
of Downin liquors is a guarantee of purity. A distillery was in op-
244 Appendix.
eration as early as 1812, and a point not nioi-e than one huiHired feet
east of the present office, where the wagon house of Abram Shockey
now stands. Tt is i^robable that this location was early selected on
account of the pure water of a spring, which then as now. wns used
in the manufacture of liquor. This spring is located near the turn-
pike, at the foot of the mountain, whence it flows in a clear and
limpid stream. During tlie heaviest drouth there was alwavs suffi-
cient water to fill a four inch pipe. It is said, with how nuicli accu-
racy I cannot say, that the Indians held these waters in high esteem,
believing them to be medicinal in quality.
Mr. G. is running the establishment steadily, using twenty-four
bushels of grain per day. He fattens and ships six hundred hogs in
each year. The distillery produces about six hundred and fifty bar-
rels of i^ure liquoi's per annum, and there is a great demand for it on
account of its reputation for purity. The short distance to the rail-
road gives facilities for reaching markt^t not enjoj'ed by those who
owned this property previous to the completion of the present enter-
prise.
ABRAM SHOCKEY'S FARM. >«
Mr. Shockey purchased this jiroperty, on which his homestead
now stands, in 1862. The first purchase was about sixty-two acres,
located in Washington township, near the South Mountain. In
1863, Lee's army, while retreating from Gettysburg, encamped in
that region of country. The damage resulting from this visit to
Mr. Shockey he estimates at five thousand dollars. Since its pur-
chase the present owner has built the warehouse occupied by Mr.
O. W. Good, a wagon house, the rear part of the present house, the
barn and all other buildings now standing, except the dwelling
house and mill. Scarcely a fence or outside improvement was then
in existence, where now are cultivated fields and commodious build-
ings, making a tasty, convenient and valuable^ homestead. About
1865, Mr. Shockey purchased twenty-four acres from the farm of
Jacob Hoover, deceased. This piece of land was not the only addi-
tion, as, in 1868, a second tract of twenty-four acres, directly south
of the first, was purchased from Jacob Stoutfer. At that time there
was a school house erected on this land. At his own expense, the
proprietor has erected a church for the use of the German Dunkards,
and with the church has given them an acre as a burial ground.'
These purchases have increased the farm to 110 acres, in 1877, and
has made one of the finest properties in the valley, having on it a
church, school house, distillery, feed mill, warehouse, together with
the water right to the spring mentioned in another article, and from
which a new line of pipes has been laid. Mr. Shockey owns an-
other fine farm, of 181 acres, located southwest of his homestead,
and immediately adjoiniug a tract of 36 acres of fine timber. This
Ap2:)Bndix. 245
timber land is on the mountain side, and, being for the most part
pine, is very valuable. The mill, under his ownership, has been
extensively remodeled and new machinery introduced.
DAVID ESHLEMAN'S FARM.
In Antrim township ubout two miles from Greencastle is located
the farm of Mr. Eshleman. This property was originally a part of
the Crunkleton tract and contains about one hundred and fifty-one
acres, of which fifteen are in timber. The first owner on record
was Joseph Crunkleton, who took out his license in 1734. The tract
then contained the lands now owned by Benjamin Snively and the
farm under consideration. In 1853 Peter Eshleman and Jonas Reiff
purchased it of the heirs of Jacob Snively. Peter Eshleman, in Feb-
ruary, 1860, purchased the undivided half of ReifFand became the sole
owner. David Eshleman, on June 28th, 1869, bought from Peter
Eshleman, his father, and now owns it. The dwelling house is built
of stone and contains nine rooms. It was built about 1801 by a Mr.
Byere, whose first name I have been unable to learn. In the pres-
ent year Mr. Eshleman has entirely remodeled the house. There
ai'e several very fine springs on the farm, and it is well known as
one of the oldest and most productive in the valley.
Mr. Eshleman devotes his attenti<m to grain raising, although he
has quite a large amount of stock on the farm. The land is at
present in very fine condition. More than 18000 bushels of lime,
burned on the place, have been used since it came into the posses-
sion of the present owner. With fine buildings, good fencing, and
land in the best condition, this tract is one of the most valuable in
the county.
FOUNDRY AND MACHINE SHOPS— GEISER MANUFACTURING CO.,
WAYNESBORO', PA. *
The manufacturing business was initiated on this site in the year
1860 by George Frick, in a small frame shop, foundry and black-
smith shop. The trade was almost entirely confined to a few steam
engines, mill gearing, Geiser separators and horse powers. After a
period of six years the demand for the Geiser separator became so
much greater that Daniel Geiser, B. E. Price, Josiah Fahrney and
J. F. Oiler associated themselves in co-partnership under the firm
name of Geiser, Price & Co. With a capital of about $20,000, they
leased the real estate, buildings and machinery from George Frick.
In August, 1866, they begaia business and were so successful that in
1867 they bought the entire works. In 1868 the firm was increased
by the admission of three new members, Daniel Hoover, John Phil-
lips and J. S. Oiler. The business increased until they are doing a
246 Appendix.
trade now of 400 machines a year, amoutiting to about $185,000.
On January 1st, 1869, the Arm became an incorporated organization,
under tlie title of the Geiser Manufacturing Company, and witli a
capital of $134,600, new buildings were erected, until at present tlie
works cover nearly two acres of ground, with a capacity of four ma-
chines a day. The highest number of hands employed at one time
was 175.
The names of the stockholders in December, 1877, are D. Geiser,
B. E. Price, Josiah Fahrney, J. F. Oiler, Daniel Hoover, John
Phillips, A. D. Morgan thall, A. E. Price, Joseph Price, Samuel
Hceflich, John L. Loyd, Stover & Wolff, D. B. Mentzer, Fink &
Bro., Daniel Hollinger, Samuel Newcomer and J. F. Emert, The
company is doing a very large business. Their work is all of the
best material and put up by the most skillful mechanics and it has
attained a reputation second to none in agricultural machines.
This company is the only one authorized to manufacture the Geiser
Separator.
THE OLD BOYNE FARM.
The Renfrew family, one branch of which now owns the above
named property, is one of the oldest in Franklin county. John
Renfrew came to America during the latter part of the last century,
and having heard of the wonderful beauty of the Cumberland Valley,
came to it, settled first near the present village of Scotland, and even-
tually settled on the Boyne farm. Thomas and John Penn, Esqs., on
the 10th day of June, 1762, issued a warrant for the survey of a certain
tract of laud called "Boyne," situated in Guilford township, Cum-
berland county. On April 2d, 1774, this tract was surveyed for James
Crawford, who, upon the 10th day of January previous, had conveyed
it to Patrick Alexander, The jaroprietaries, on April 13th, 1774, for-
ever released Patrick Alexander, his heirs or assigns, from the pay-
ment of an annual quit rent in consideration of the sum of £25, 7s.
After Patrick Alexander's death, his son Joseph took the property at
its appraised value, and he on April 29th, 1784, conveyed to John
Renfrew. This gentleman had been a soldier in the Revolution and
bore to his grave marks of wounds obtained in the great struggle
for liberty. He had one wound in his foot which caused a perma-
nent lameness. About the year 1807 John Renfrew purchased of
Jacob Gsell an additional tract containing six acres and thirty-two
perches. Mr. Renfrew lived in the enjoyment of his possessions
until the fall of the year of 1844. By the will of his father, John
Renfrew became the next proprietor, and lived there until his death,
which occurred in September of the year 1863. At his demise the
whole estate was divided, but the old mansion remained and still is
in the ownership of Hannah and Sarah E. Renfrew, his daughters.
The Boyne farm is located at Turkey Foot, about seven miles
Appendix^ 24?
from Charabersburg and two miles south of Fayetteville. It lies in
a beautiful region of country and contains about one hundred and
thirty acres of the best quality of land. There are erected upon the
place, a large two storied brick house, large bank barn, together
with all the necessary outbuildings. At the homestead they have
all the old deeds back even to the original patent granted by the
Penn proprietary government. It will thus be seen that this prop-
erty has been in the uninterrupted possession of the Renfrew family
for nearly one hundred years^ and since it was patented has had but
Very few changes.
Joseph boyd's farm.
This piece of property lies in Montgomery tow^nship. The laild
warrant for it was taken out by Patrick and Hannah Maxwell. On
March 24th, 1846, Mr. James Boyd went to this place. Mr. William
Boyd, father of the present proprietor, moved from Dauphin to
Cumberland county in the year 1807, and James Boyd was born
near Newville in 1811, Where he resided until 1846, when he moved
to this county, where he has resided ever since. The first orchard
was set out in 1846, and the barn, which is seen in the sketch, was
built A. D. 1851. In the year 1852 the tenant house was built and
in 1859 the orchard was re-set. The mansion house was erected in
1860. All the buildings now standing were erected and the im-
provements made by the present pi-oprietor.
MILL, FARM AND DISTILLERY— ROBERT jOllNSON.
On the Greencastle and Williamsport turnpike, two miles south
of Greencastle, is the farm, mill and distillery of Mr. Robert John-
son. The farm contains 124 acres of good land and the hiill and
distillery are well known throughout the surrounding country.
Dr. Johnson, who report says was blessed with four hundred and
fifty pounds of a wife, was the first settler, and he took out a patent
for all the country surrounding. About 1810 Dr. Johnson sold to
Samuel Hunter, who twenty-five years later sold to Philip Weaveri
Ten years afterwards Mr. Weaver sold to Joseph Whitmore, who^
after owning it for seven years, sold to Michael Zellers. Henry
Miller, two years later, purchased it and kept it for five years, wheil
Jolin H. Hartle became the owner. On October 29th, 1866, the pres»
ent owner purchased from Hartle. The grist mill located on the
property is a very old one, and Mr. Johnson has had it remodeled
and steam power introduced. The distillery was built by Philip
Weaver in 1838 and the mansion house in 1867. An addition of a
bonded warehouse was made in 1867 and in 1872 the barn was
erected. The distillery is known by the name of Spring Grove.
248 Appendix!.
Mr. Robert Johnson was born in Washington township, Frank-
lin county, Pa., on June 22cl, 1825. In 1853 he was married to
Margaret Stoops, of Quiney township, who was born January loth,
1835. By this marriage Mr. Johnson has had seven children born
to him, five boys, one of whom is dead, and two girls. In a pleasant
country and a beautiful valley, Mr. Johnson has ever^'thing he
could desire to enjoy life, which he no doubt does.
WOOLEN MILL OF .T. BUKNS WHITE.
The early history of the factory now owned by Mr. White, and
a view of which appears in this Volume, is unattainable. Prior to
1847 a small factory occupied the site of the present one. It was
operated by a firm styled Carr & Crossley and owned by David
Bigham. In 1846 this little concern was burned and Mr. Bigham
erected the present well known building. It is ft)rty-five by sixty
feet in dimensions and three stories in height, and is fitted up with
the most approved machineiy for the manufacture of goods. Isaac
Hawn was the first lessee, followed by VVni. Megary, who remained
until 1855. la that year Messrs. Roberc Black and Samuel E.
White purchased the property and operated it until 1860, under the
somewhat unusual firm name of Black & White. In 1860 Mr.
White purchased the entire interest and remained sole owner until
his death, which occurred in 1871. Mr J. Burns White, his son,
then leased the f roj^erty from the heirs and continued the manufac-
ture of goods until 1873. At this time he became the owner, hav-
ing purchased the shares of the other heirs, and the factory has beei»
in constant operation ever since with a steadily increasing demand
for the goods. Connected with it are some one hundred and fifty
acres of ground much of which is still covered with valuable tim-
ber. The dwelling is one of the most commodious and tasty private
residences in the valley. It is built of stone and was erected many
years ago by David Bigham, and entirely remodeled in 1867 by Mr.
Samuel E. White. There is a fall of over nine feet, which can be
increased to over eleven feet, and an average run equal to fifteen
horse-power. The goods made here command a ready sale and are
well and favorably known both at home and abroad. The principal
articles manufactured are all kinds of knitting yarn, blankets, flan-
nels, carpets, cassimeres and satinets.
J. E. cook's farm.
George Adam Cook, about the year 1745, emigrated to what is now
known as Franklin county from York county. He took up, by
warrant dated May 20th, 1776, a tract containing the farm at present
owned by Jacob B. Cook. Mr. Cook settled upon this tract imme-
Appendix. 249
diately upon his entering the valley, and built where the present
building stands, but the warrant was not granted until thirty-one
years later. At that time there were but few residents thi'oughout
what is now known as Quincy township. The settlers were few,
and their bitter foes, the Indians, many. Numerous were the in-
cursions made hy the redskins, and at one time Mr. Cook was way-
laid on the farm now owned by Peter Whitmore. He. was driving
his cows home, but the animals gave warning of the presence of the
v/Wy savage, and he escaped. Afterwards he lost a horse, the In-
dians shooting it in twelve places. This locality was a favorite
camping place of the aborigines, especially adjacent to the place
where the spring crosses the road. This fact is evidenced by the
great numbers of arrowheads picked up in years past, and even yet
turned up by the plow as it turns the furrows in the field below.
There can still be seen on the farm, in full bearing, apple trees
which were bi ought while saplings from York county, over 130
years ago.
The family name at that time was sjielled Koch, but has since
been changed to Cook. Upon the death of George Adam Cook, the
property descended by will to his son, Peter Cook, who was born in the
present mansion house. This house was built about 1746, by G. A.
Koch, remodeled in 1807 by Peter Cook, and again in 1861 by J. B,
Cook. He raised a family of six sons and four daughters, and died
at the ripe old age of 87 years. Two sons and two daughters are yet
living. For over 130 years this farm has been in the possession of
this family. Where, in 1745, George Adam Koch built his humble
log cabin amidst the primeval forest, are now to be found cultivated
fields, commodious houses, and all the comforts and conveniences
brought by civilization in its onward march.
The survey of the proposed Baltimoi'e and Cumberland Valley
Railroad passes near the buildings.
JOSEPH CKAWFORD'S FARM.
This property is located one mile southeast of Fayetteville and
six miles from Chambersbnrg. Its early history is embodied in the
original gi ant made to the Crawfords and mentioned elsewhere in this
M'ork. John Crawford came into possession of the farm in question
about the year 1796, having purchased a portion of it from his brother,
and continued to own it until his death, whicli occurred about the
year 1827, when it went into the hands of his son, Joseph Crawford,
who has ever since made it his home. He is the youngest of twelve
children, only one of whom, Mrs. M'Kee, of Chambersburg, beside
himself, is still living. Mr. Crawford is one of the few men who
can point.to an uninterrupted residence on the same place for over
half a century, during which time he has raised a family of five
32
250 ApjyeTidiz,
children, all of whom are now living. Four of these are at home,
viz. : John, James, Mary and Agnes, and one ( Ann) resides in Iowa.
All of the buildings now on the farm were erected by its present
proprietor. The liouse was built in 1847 and the barn in 1841. There
are about 280 acres included in this tract, and from the dwelling a
beautiful view can be obtained of the surrounding country. In ad-
dition to the buildings represented in our picture, there is a com-
fortable tenant house on the place. A fine well of water close to the
house and runninsj water in the fields. The Mont Alto Railroad
passes through the farm, and as a desirable residence it is among the
foremost in the county.
BUENA VISTA HOTEL, BLUE RIDGE SUMMIT — WESTERN MAKYLAND
KAIL ROAD.
This attractive and healthful resort, located five iniles south-east
of Waynesboro' and two and a-half miles from Blue Ridge Summit
on the W. M. R. R., has been made what it is by its present pro-
prietor, Mr. V. B. Gilbert, a man of varied experience and great
adaptability to the business in which he is now engaged. Having
disposed of various enterprises upon which he had expended a
number of years of his very active career, which began March 17th,
1825, and after efFe<'ting a sale of the Waynesboro' hotel in the year
18G7, he purchased the locality represented in our engraving, with
the intention of living a private and retired life. Very much out of
repair and dilapidated was the old wagon stand on the mountain
when it passed into his hands, but fortunately for the comfort and
enjoyment of its now frequent guests, both from city and country,
it had found a proprietor, whose fondness for improvement would
not let it continue in its antiquated condition, and the teamster of
former days who was wont to crack his whip and jokes in front of
the old hostelry would fail to recognize his former stamping ground.
Renewed and renovated, even to the old mansion house, which had
also to submit to the remodeling and improving process, he has
made this elevated point on the South mountain, which commands
a delightful prospect across the Cumberland Valley to the extent of
30 miles, together with a view of all the different Mountain ranges
as far as the eye can reach, one of the most attractive summer re-
sorts in the State. This present delightful abode is surrounded with
mineral springs, and is also provided with an abundance of the
purest mountain water which supplies the hotel and bath houses.
Provided with a profusion of the choicest fruit trees and grape
vines and more than enough of land under the highest cultivation,
mine host is at all times enabled to provide his tables with the best
of viands. Very near to the mansion, on Red run stream, which
abounds in speckled trout, is erected a very fine saw mill. The
Appendix. 251
park, which includes hill and dale, is made attractive by nu-
merous spring's, many of which contain iron, magnesia and sulphur,
and Its greatest attraction is one, unfailing in its character, which
has a fall of 150 feet in less than that many yards. Mr. Gilbert,
tired of frequent changes, has determined to make Buena Vista his
permanent home, and with that ambition that belongs to those de-
scended from an honorable ancestry, his constant aim is to preserve
a reputation well earned, and one which he hopes to transmit un-
sullied to those who may follow him.
Valentine B. Gilbert is a son of the late John Gilbert, well known
to the residents of the lower part of the county, who died, full of
years and honors, whilst on a visit to his son Samuel in Ohio. His
remains were brought back to Waynesboro' and safely placed at
rest in the burial grounds of the German Reformed Church. The
venerated mother of Mr. Gilbert still resides in Waynesboro'.
MANUFACTURE OF STRAW PAPER.
[The following article from the Franklin Repository of May 2d,
1866, written by the late G. A. Shryoek, Esq., will possess an al-
most incalculable interest to those interested in the straw board
manufacture in not only Franklin county, but elsewhere as well,
being undoubtedly a full and authentic history of that branch of
industry from its first conception. Comments are unnecessary and
we copy verbatim.]
The following article was written some time since, at the earnest
solicitation of a number of friends of the author :
The manufacture of paper from raw vegetable matter has much
agitated the public mind, both in our country and Europe, since
the scarcity of rags has rendered it impossible to keep pace with
the consumption of paper in the various departments developed by
literature and commerce Scores, if not hundreds, of persons claim
to be the originators of the manufacture of paper from straw, wood,
grass, corn huslvs, cane, &c. As I am one of this large family of
claimants, I wish, through the medium of your paper, to give a
history of the origin of tliis now indispensable article. I think its
first introduction as Si staple article originated in Chambersburg in
1829, as follows :
Col. Wm. Magaw, of Meadville, Pa., was extensively engaged in
the manufacture of potash, about 1825'-'28. As was customary, the
ash hoppers were lined with long straw before the ashes were intro-
duced. Magaw was in the habit of chewing the straw taken from
the hoppers and pressing it on his hands, tlius discovering that it
produced a substance united and fibrous, closely resembling the pulp
out of which is made the ordinary wrapping paper. He concluded
252 Appendix.
that the material was adapted to the manufacture of jiaper. Aa T
was as that time en<i:a<?ed in tlie manufacture of rag paper by the
old method, at Hollywell Paper Mill, one and a half miles south
of Chambersburg, Magaw wrote to me on the subject of his discov-
ery. I encouraged him to visit Chambersburg, in July or August,
1829, to fairly test the matter at Hollywell Pajjer Mill. The ex-
periment was at that time and place made, and proved a decided
success. I was so well satisfied of its practicability that I bought a
large east-iron kettle of John V. Kelley, in Chambersburg, cribbed
it with wood staves so that I could boil from seven hundred to one
thousand pounds of straw at one filling, and made, for some weeks,
from twenty to thirty reams per day. I was, at that time, intimate
with John Jay Smith, Esq., Librarian to the Philadelphia Li-
brary, and sent him quite a quantity of the straw paper as samples.
Mr. Smith edited, I think, the Saturday Bulletin. His position
as editor enabled him to give extensive circulation to the discovery.
Not one claim was made to priority. The world was silent on the
subject. The straw paper was distributed over this entire country
and in Europe in pieces of from two inches square to a full sheet,
and excited the astonishment of the paper manufacturers of the
world. Mr. Smith had part of one issue of the Bidletin printed on
straw paper; also a small lot manufactured into wall paper by Mr.
Longstreth, in Third street, above Market, and had the hall of his
residence, in Arch street, below Fifth, papered with the same.
Both ground work and figure looked remarkably well. Mr. Smith
then predicted that it would become one of the staple articles of the
world, in opposition to those who laughed at the idea of straw tak-
ing the place of rags.
The material used at that time in the preparation of the straw was
potash, exclusively, the supply of which was obtained by Mr. Smith
from Grant & Stone, of Boston. I abandoned the manufacture of
rag paper, and devoted my mill exclusively to the manufacture of
straw paper for some months. In November, 1829, I visited the
East to see a cylinder machine then in operation in Springfield,
Mass., by Messrs. Ames. On my way I accidentally met with Mr.
Lafflin, of Lee, Mass., at Hays' Pearl Street House, New York, and
engaged him to build for me a small cj^linder machine at Hollywell
Paper Mill, near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. This was cer-
tainly the first machine that ever operated on that material. Within
the first year I introduced the grooved wood roll for the manufac-
ture of binders' and box boards, &c. These two manufactures were
(as far as has been ascertained) the very first use of sti'aw paper as a
staple article in our world.
In the winter of 1829-'30 I purchased a steam boiler from Rush
& Muhlenburg, of Philadelphia, of about fifteen horse-power, to
cook the straw. The purchase was made by J. J. Smith, Esq.
Appendix. 253
With the new boiler machine I was enabled to make about from
one hundred and fifty to two hundred reams of crown wrapping
paper in twenty-four hours. I soon discovered that when the paper
broke between the press roll and layboy it accumulated in (some-
times) six or eight lamina round the press roll, and formed a solid
and beautiful binders' board. I was thus led to introduce a gum-
wood roll, instead of the top press roll, with a longitudinal groove,
in which the pulp was not pressed. This soft pulp being removed
with a piece of wood to suit, the board was stripped off the roll.
Thus board after board was made and laid in packs ; then hung on
poles, or spread out to dry. I bought a rolling mill from M. W.
Baldwin, of Philadelphia, s* very superior one, and then introduced
straw boards, by the efficient aid of J. J. Smith, into the Philadel-
phia market, and it was alone by his energy that they superseded,
in a limited degree, the junk or rope board.
John Jay Smith, and many others, predicted that in a short time
they would become (what they now are) one of the indispensable
products of the world ; others said they were not worth as much as
the stones in the street. I thus toiled and labored amidst adverse
opinions, often almost brought to the pointof abandoning the man-
ufacture. By observing the effect produced in removing the silex
from the straw, by the use of potash, I experimented with lime, and
found, by ajudieious use of that material, that it answered every
purpose. I was then encouraged to extend my manufactures. I
built a new mill-dam, widened the head race for nearly half a mile,
built a new drying house, built additions to old Hollywell about
ninety feet long by forty wide, three stories high ; four pulp en-
gines; fitted all the second and third stories and attic for drying;
new steam house with three tubs, eleven by eight feet. All this at
an expenditure of about thirty-five thousand dollars.
At the time under consideration M'Donald & Ridgley, of Balti-
more, were the owners of Hollywell Paper Miil. Nicholas B. Ridg-
ley visited Chambersburg in the winter of 1829-'30, and was so im-
pressed with the manufacture of straw paper and boards, that he
constituted me his agent to purchase from Wm. Magaw, of Mead-
ville, the exclusive right to the manufacture for all the United States
east of the Allegheny mountains. Magaw sent to Chambersburg,
as his agent, Mr. Potter, a lawyer, then practicing in Meadville.
He agreed on twenty-six thousand dollars for the above right. N.
G. Ridgley arranged, in connection with the subscriber, to put Hol-
lywell Paper Mill in the best possible condition, to fairly test the
operation, and, when satisfied of its practicability, to build four
mills, on? at Rochester, N. Y. ; one at Patterson, N. J., one at Old
Chester, Pa., and one at Chambersburg.
Encouraged at this time by the friendship of Mr. Ridgley and his
vast means, I commenced and finished the improvements above
254 Appendix.
mentioned. When they were completed, Mr. Ridj^ley died of apo-
|)lexy, and there being no written contract, I had to bear all the
loss, and had everything swept away by M'Donald and the execu-
tors of Ridgley. All the machinery connected with the manufac-
tory at Holly well Paper Mill was made, under my direction, by the
superior skill of John and Philip Nitterhouse, of Chamborsburg,
the former of whom, now living in Chambersburg, is a witness
to the truth of the above statements. Also, Hon. G. Chambers, B.
Wolf, Esq.. D. Ward, E. L. Shryock and many others. In 1831 1
received a proposition from Thos Chambers, Esq., to fornj a part-
nership for the manufacture of straw paper and boards, at the mouth
of the Falling Spring, where it empties into the Conococheague
creek. He deputed me to ascertain from T. G. M'Culloh, Esq., Ex-
ecutor of the estate of Samuel Purviance, the price of the old i)aper
mill site, adjoining mills belonging to the Chambers' estate.
The purchase was made. Thos. Chambers then concluded to build
a furnace near Shippensburg, and handed over the old paper mill
site, and partnership with me (by my consent) to S. D. Culbertson.
The new firm was composed of S. D. Culbertson, Reade Washing-
ton, Alex. Calhoun and G. A. Shryock. I to have one-third the oth-
ers two-ninths each. The mill (the ruins of which now only re-
main) was builton a much larger scale than contemplated by Cham-
bers and Shryock. The new firm was G. A. Shryock & Co. In
order to secure the entire water-right, the new firm leased all the
mills on the bank for ten years, at twenty-four hundred dollars per
annum. The driving part of the machinery was built by Donald
Watson, of Baltimore, and the making portion by John and Philip
Nitterhouse, of Chambersburg. Tlie mill had eight pulp engines
and eight machines, easily making one thousand pounds per hour.
The building was one hundred and fifty by fifty feet and fivestories
high, had one hundred and two miles of drying poles, seventeen
large dr3' presses, and every facility for the manufacture of boards
and paper. The machinery was so perfect that the annual expense
for repairs (except wire cloth and felts) did not exceed two hundred
dollars.
It is not difficult to tell the origin and progress of the manufac-
ture of straw paper and boards, but who can tell the toil, labor, anxi-
ety andmental agony endured for the first four or five years. As I
am a christian man, I would not pass such another, though it were
to buy a world of happier days. The single article of felting cost
me over four thousand dollars before I ascertained what would best
answer the purpose. In my life of experiments I made paper of
every description of straw— wheat, rye, barley, oat and buckwheat
—corn blade, all the grasses, com husks, white pine shavings, wil-
low wood, refuse tan, also bleached straw, to resemble printing
paper. But as rags of the best quality could then be bought from
Appendix. 255
two and a half to four and a half cents per pound, it would not pay-
to bleach straw. I have also experimented on nearly all the veget-
able growth of Texas, and had it not been for the Rebellion would
now be manufacturing on Trinity River, in Texas, in connection
with Colonel Hamilton Washington and Captain C. Washington,
killed at Vicksburg.
Remember, Mr. Editor, I only claim priority as one of the family
of moderns, and do not pretend to occupy a place side by side with
an old gentleman called Ptolemy Philadelphus, and Eumenes, of
Pergumus, and their antecedents, neither Chinese or Japanese. But
as to the introduction of straw paper and boards as a staple article,
and operating by machinery, I claim to be the first, to which asser-
tion let the living bear witness.
Yours, respectfully,
G. A. Shryock,
No. 1213 Green street, Philadelphia.
HISTORY OF LOWER WEST CONOCOOHEAGUE CHURCH, NOW ROBERT
KENNEDY MEMORIAL CHURCH, WELSH RUN, PA.
The little murmuring brook which has its origin on Kasey's
Knob, a spur of the North mountain, and which now bears the
name of Welsh Run, carrying its waters in a north-easterly direc-
tion, to be emptied into the more turbid stream known as the West
Branch of the Conococheague, had no special designation to dis-
tinguish it from other rivulets of smaller size in the same south-
western section of the county, prior to the year 1730. But about that
time a body of emigrants from Wales made this locality their abode,
and the stream acquired its name from their nationality.
They were a church loving people, and in 1741 they organized the
Lower West Conococheague Church, and built a rude log structure
as a place of worship. This house stood at the bend of the creek,
near the present residence of George Elliott, and was burned by the
Indians in 1760. The next house of worship was built in 1774 on
the ground where the present church building stands. It was a
substantial edifice which stood for one hundred years, and was
known as the "White Church," and the "Tent Meeting House."
The present church was erected in 1871, and is a monument of the
liberality of Elias D. Kennedy, of Philadelphia. In 1872 the con-
gregation built, convenient to the church, a comfortable parsonage.
The congregation having increased in numbers they erected in 1875
a building for school purposes, which is named Kennedy Academy.
To this new and excellent enterprise Mr. Kennedy also rendered
material aid. The following are the names of the ministers who
256 Appendix.
have preached in the church since its organization. Rev. James
Campbell, from Scotland, was the first minister, and continued to
preach 15 years ; Rev. iHinlap followed, and supplied the church for
a few j'ears about the time of the Indian War. Then, Rev Thomas
M'Pherrin took charge of the church from 1774 till 1799. His death
took place February 3d, 1892, at the age of 51, and hs remains lie
in the graveyard near the church. Rev. Robert Kennedy a man
and minister who exerted a great and lasting influence for good in
the community, preached regularly one third of his time from 1802
until 1811, when he resigned. Returning after 9 years, he contin-
ued to supply the church until near the time of his death, which
took place in October, 1843, at the age of 66. Rev. John K. Cramer
was stated supply of (he church from 1855 to 1859. In 1870 Rev. A.
S. Thorne took charge of the congregation, but continued only about
one year. Rev. T. Creigh, D. D., pastor of the church at Mercers-
burg, Pa., preached frequently at Welsh Run during the many
years that the church was without a pastor. In the spring of 1873
the congregation gave Rev. J. H. Fleming a call to become their
pastor, which was accepted, and he was installed pastor of the
church by a committee of the Presbytery of Carlisle on Octobt^r
31st, 1873. Rev. F., still continues to fill the position, and the mem-
bership of the church, which five years ago numbered 14, has now
reached that of 65. The present elders of the church are Hugh B.
Craig and John K. Keyser
The original owner of the lands, Mr David Davis, gave to the
church a farm which was sold years after, and the proceeds of that
sale have long since disappeared. The ground now held and occu-
pied by the. church as graveyard and church lot was bequeathed
by Robert Smith about the year 1774. Said Robert Smith,
having obtained a patent for a large tract of land, containing 300
acres, and known as "Double Trouble," did, at his death will to the
church three acres of ground. In 1795, Samuel, Oliver and Isaac
Smith, sons of Robert Smith, deeded, for the sum of five pound.s
specie, to John Rhea, Josiah Price and Robert Chambers, trustees
of the church, and to their successors forever, the above named
three acres of ground, which is yet occupied by the church. This
deed, dated October 25th, 1795, is still in the possession of the Ses-
sion of the church, is well and plainly written, and is justly regard-
ed as an interesting relic of the early histoi-y of the church. The
lot on which the Academy stands was donated by Flenry B. Angle.
The name of the church was changed by a resolution of the con-
gregation to "The Robert Kennedy Memorial Church." This was
done in recognition of the kindness of Mr. E. D. Kennedy, who
built the church, as well as in honor of Rev. Robert Kennedy who
BO long and faithfully proclaimed the gospel in the old "Welsh Run
Presbyterian Church."
Appendix. 257
CLERMONT HOUSE — SOUTH MOUNTAIN, BLUE RIDGE SUMMIT.
Of the many fascinating summer resorts that adorn the great south-
eastern boundary of the fertile Cumberland Valley, namely, the
South Mountain, none promise to furnish greater attractions than
the one in our sketch. Ready of access from Harrisburg, Hagers-
town, Frederick, Baltimore aud Washington, it would seem as
though even the stringent crampings of hard times would be unable
to operate against the prosperity of this delightful resort. Pleasure
seekers, and those in questof that greater boon, good health, can not
go amiss in selecting the Blue Ridge Summit. Monterey, Clermont
and Buena Vista vie with each other to afford the best of accommo-
dations, and it rests with the proprietors of each to demonstrate
which shall take the lead. The location occupied by the stately
building represented in our picture was selected by David Miller,
the father of the present occupant, in the year 1861. He was born in
Lebanon county, in the year 1797. After his removal to this county
he conducted the Monterey House for the period of five years, at the
end of which time he purchased from Mrs. Gordon the site on
which he erected the Clermont House in the years 1867 and 1868.
He died December 8th, 1870, and the property has passed into the
hands of David Miller, Jr., and his three sisters. Misses Sarah and
Caroline, and Mrs. Catherine Waddell. The house, which, as will
be seen, is three stories high, contains about seventy rooms and has
accommodations for one hundred and fifty guests, and during the
summer season the proprietors are overpressed with applicants for
rooms. There are about 170 acres of land attached to this property,
whose broad pastures, added to the mountain scenery, will ever
make the Clermont House a favorite resort.
RESIDENCE AND FACTORY OF JOSEPH H. BEBLER, GREENCASTLE, PA.
The house which we represent is located on east Baltimore street,
about 100 yards from the public square, and is built upon what is
known on the town plot as lot No. 42. John Allison, the original
proprietor, sold this lot to Wm. Scott in 1783, and from him it passed
to John Rodeman iu 1791, who erected the front house now under
consideration, in the year 1792. In 1797 he sold it to Robert McLan-
ahan, and in 1801 Jacob Kreps became its owner. He continued to
use it as a residence and hatter shop until the year 1829, when, on a
sheriff's writ, it was sold to Polly and Sarah Weaver, who retained
possession of it until 1842, when they disposed of it to Rudolph
Heichert, who in the same year sold it to the Trustees of the German
Reformed Church, who continued to use it as a parsonage until 1870,
when it was purchased by its present occupant. Jacob Kreps erected
the back building in 1818. This house, which has suffered but little
258 Appendix.
from the ravages of time, is built of logs, aud is weatherboarded. It
is 48 by 24 feet, and the back building is 17 by 30 feet. Joseph H.
Beeler is a native of Lancaster county, and moved to Greeneastle in
1859, He is of German origin. His great-grandfather migrated to
Berks county from Germany in the year 1758. His grandfather,
John Beeler, was born on his father's farm in Bei'ks county, in 1776.
And John Beeler, the father of Joseph H., was born on the same
place in 1798. In the face of opposition and with a limited capital,
Mr. B. opened his shop in Greeneastle in 1859, making some head-
way under these adverse circumstances, he had the greater misfoi'-
tune, in 1866, to have his entire establishment destroyed by fire.
Still undaunted, he redoubled his energies, and can now bear testi-
mony to the fact that liberal advertising, honest perseverance and
strict economy in business must win in the end. He is now engaged
in turning out work to the amount of from five to eight hundred
dollars per month, at times employing as many as seven first-class
workmen. Much of his work finds its way to the far west, whilst
his reputation at home is such as to enable him to effect satisfactory
sales. His wife, formerly Miss Ann Maria Stotler,- is a native of
this county. They were married in 1871, and .ai'e surrounded by a
family of four bright little ones.
OAK GROVE FISH FARM— GEORGE W. ETTER, PROPRIETOR.
This very attractive place is located in Peters township, two and
a half miles southwest of Mercersburg and a short mile from Leh-
master's Station, on the 8. P. R. R., at which place there is a post
office. This railroad runs within 200 yards of the mansion house,
and the farm is bounded on the southwest by the West Conoco-
cheas^ue Creek. The springs which supply the trout pools were
formerly known as Dobbins' Springs. The land was first taken up
by Robert Newell, in the j^ear 1742. It passed into the hands of
General Thomas Waddle about the >ear 1800. In 1829 Thomas C.
Lane became its owner, and in 1837 it was sold to Isaac Wanner,
.and in 1859, at public outcry, to George Etter, the father of the
present proprietor, who received his deed in 1862, having resided on
the farm already for two years. The house and barn were built by
General Waddle in the year 1812. If a Putnam and a Muhlenberg
have made their names immortal by their prompt responses to their
country's call, so also should the name of General Thomas Waddle
pass down upon the page of history as one equally worthy of a
country's gratitude and honor. Whilst this house, which has been
remodeled by its present owner, in the year 1871, was being built,
the nation called upon her brave yoemen to defend Baltimore.
Hastily boarding up the windows of his unfinished house, General
W. took up his trusty sword and marched to the front of the fray.
Appendix. 259
The foe had invaded hia nalive land and to protect it was also affording
protection to his own fireside. The barn on this place was also built by
General Waddle, but it, too, underwent a renewing process at the hands
of Mr. Etter, in the year 1872. The house, which is built of atone is 64
feet on the northern front and 33 feet deep. The barn is 92 feet long and
50 feet wide. The farm which is chiefly of limestone, contains 217 acres
about 25 of which are very choice timber. It is very productive, having,
during the proprietorship of Gen. Waddle, at one lime produced as much
as 42 bushels of wheat per acre. There is a fine orchard, and a viaeyard
of 650 grape vines in bearing order on this place. But the enterprise
which Mr. Etter has inaugurated, that of brook trout cultivation, is the
most attractive to the lover of nature, or the casual visitor. His ponds,
which are five in number, occupy a space of 100 feet in length by 75 feet
in width. They average about 4 feet in depth, and are supplied by two
fine springs, that flow at the rate of 400 gallons per minute. They con-
tain at this time about three thousand fine brook trout, but Mr. E.
estimates their capacity as far as oxygen and water supply is
concerned, sufficient for the proper sustenance and full development
of 10,000 trout in their difi'erent stages of growth. The food which
he provides for this numerous family, per week, amounts to about 50
pounds of beef scraps, and 8 gallons of thick milk to each 1,000 two year
old trout. As will be noticed the expense of feeding is no small item,
but up to this time Mr. E. has readily secured 50 cents per pound in the
New York market, which he has supplied with 500 pounds for the last
two seasons, and he expects to be able to furnish this spring (1878) about
700 pounds, at a cost of $50 for feed. He has kindly furnished us his
mode of procedure in propagating.
The great grandfather of Mr. Etter, emigrated from Prussia, about the
year 1750, to Dauphin county, where the grandfather of Mr. Etter, Henry
Etter, was born in 1767. He died in Franklin County in 1828, having
migrated from Dauphin County, in 1792, and is said to have been one of
the first three persons of German descent who located in this county. He
established himself in Guilford Township, and lived in an old fort which
was erected as a defence against the Indians. At this place George Etter,
father of Geo. W. Etter. was born in the year 1799. He died in Feters
Township in 1864.
In early times, what is now called Etter's Cemetery, situated within
200 yards of the house, was known far and wide as Dobbin's Grave Yard,
and within its enclosure lie the remains of many a sturdy settler, whose
descendants have scattered far and wide, and perhaps forgotten the hardy
pioneer, to whose labors and privations they are indebted for the com-
forts they now enjoy. It is said that in the dark days of Indian warfare,
the burial services were held with aitmed outposts guarding the mourners
from the ambuscade of the dreaded savage. At one time it was contem-
plated to erect a church at this point, but from some unknown cause the
intention was abandoned, and Church Hill chosen instead. But the
edifice there erected has long since yielded to the devastating march of
time, and its name and location only exist in tradition.
Mr. Etter was married to Mary Clapsaddle, Nov. 1859 ; they are enjoy-
ing this delightful home surrounded by a family of five children, three
sons and two daughters, who are all endeavoring to earn the content-
ment that comes from a life well spent.
MERCERSBURG COLLEGE.
Mercersburg College is the result of forces which date far back in the
history of the Reformed Church in the United States, and its life an(J
3fiO Appcndlr.
growth are iatimately connected with her edncalinnal movements. It's
first beginning was about 1880, as a High School, at \orli, Pa., in con
uection with the Iteformed Theological Seminary, recently removed
thither from Carlisle. Rev. Daniel Young, was the first High School
Frolessor. He was an able and excellent man, but was in delicate health,
and died within two years after his appointment. His successor was
Rev. Fred. Aug. Ranch, D. D., a man of remarkable talent and earnest-
ness. He came to this country in 1831, at the age of twenty-five, having
already filled the position of Professor Extraordinary at the University
of Geissen, in Germany, received an appointment as regular professor at
Heidelberg, and published various classical, philosophical, and theologi-
cal works, in Latin and iu German. In 1885, by order of the SynQd of
Chambersburg, the Theological Seminary and High School were removed
to Mercersburg, the latter was then erected into a college, with Dr. Ranch
as Its first president, and Samuel A. Budd, A. M. as professor of Mathe-
matics.
The State Legislature, in the session of 1835-G, granted a college char-
ter, under the name of Marshall College. The Board of Trustees, rep-
resentatives of Mercersburg, Zion's, Maryland and Virginia Classis,
pushed the cause of the College with such vigor that in 183G, the present
College building was erected, and houses for the professors were soon
after built. The Goethean and Diagnothean Societies also erected beauti-
ful halls, which are still standing.
In 1850 Rev. J. Williamson Nevin, then professor in the Western The-
ological Seminary, at Alleghany, Pa,, was elected Professor of Dogmatic
Theology in the Seminary, and, on the death of Dr. Rauch, in 1841, suc-
ceeded him as President of the College, Dr. Nevin received his early
training in the Presbyterian Church, was a graduate of Union College,
and studied theology at Princeton, under the venerable Dr. Hodge, being
thoroughly indoctrinated in the tenets of the Presbyterian fathers. His
association with Dr. Rauch brought him into contact with German phil-
osophy, opening to him, as he has said, "a new world of thought." The
"Church Question," as it was styled, received at that time much atten-
tion trom the tUinkers of the Church. To it, Dr. Nevin applied his clear
and massive intellect, and the result has been whaiis called "Mercersburg
Theology." Thus the quiet village of Mercersburg, lying among the
foot-bills of the Tuscarora range, in the south-western part of Franklin
County, has become known wherever theology is taught or studied.
Prom its Seminary came forth, as by inspiration, a stream of historical,
christological theology, which, forcing its way through many obstacles,
has spread out at length over the extent of Christendom.
The "Mercersburg Theology" is as significant a term as the Augsburg,
or the Westminster. It's promulgator and chief defender, Dr. J. W.
Nevin, ranks with the great masters :n the church, and is held one of the
foremost thinkers of the age. Through the controversies to which he has
been challenged by men of fame here and abroad, the name of Mercers-
burg has become imperishable.
The work of the college was carried forward steadily, though at times
Under financial pressure, until 1853, when Marshall College was removed
to Lancaster, and consolidated with Franklin College, under the title of
Franklin and Marshall College, the Theological Seminary remaining at
Mercersburg. Nearly twelve years later, Rev. H. H. Harbaugh, D. D.,
of blessed memory, and Rev. E. E. Higbee, D. D., then professors in
the seminary, men of observation and prudence, and fully alive to the
wants of the church in her educational work, found that there was a
strong desire for a college in this section, and a reasonable prospect of its
Appendix. Ml
success. They accordingly urged the Classis of Mercersburgto purchase
the old college property, which hsad reverted to the citizens of Mercers-
burg. The purchase was made, the school organized, and in 1865, the
Court of Franklin Comity granted a very liberal charter to the Board of
Regents of Mercersburg College.
Rev. Thos. G. Apple, D. D., a graduate of Marshall College, and a
student of Dr. Nevin's in theology ; a sound and logical reasoner, and
very clear in the expression of his thoughts, was elected the first Presi-
dent. He was assisted by an able faculty, and the fiist class through the
regular course was graduated in 1871. The Theological Seminary was
removed to Lancaster in 1870. Rev. Dr. Higbee then resigned bis chair
(of Church History) in the Seminary, and Dr. Apple was elected to fill
his place. To the Presidency of the College, left vacant by the resigna-
tion of Dr. Apple, Dr. Higbee was elected by the Board of Regents.
Rev. Dr. Higbee, who is now President, is a graduate of the Universi-
ty of Vermont, and studied theology under Dr. Nevin and Dr. Philip
Schaflf. He is a thorough classical scholar, and is eminently successful not
only in imparting instruction to his students, but also in maintaining,
with the aid of a faculty of able and energetic young men, the general
discipline of the College.
During the twelve years that have elapsed since its institution, Mercers-
burg has been quietly, but steadily progressing in character and reputa-
tion. It's standard of instruction is as high as that of the most renowned
institutions of the kind in the country, and year by year it sends forth
small, but thoroughly drilled classes of graduates. It has now a post-
graduate course in Theology, in successful operation. It possesses abun-
dant chemical and philosophical apparatus, and the college libraries, in-
cluding those of its two literary societies, the Marshall and the Washing-
ton Irving, number over four thousand volumes, and are constantly
receiving additions from publications on both sides of the Atlantic,
RESIDENCE OF ADAM FORNEY — WAYNESBORO', FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA.
Tuis very elegant mansion, situated on East Main street, on lot No. 4
adjoining the residence of the father of Mr. F. is constructed of brick and
as will be seen is 3 stories high. It is elegantly furnished, even up to the
roof, and furnished with all the modern conveniences. With a tank in
the garret of a capacity of 35 barrels, it is supplied with hot and cold
water troughout, and would be a credit to a large city, as it isto its proprie-
tor. The dimensions of this house are 27 feet front by 100 deep. The
lower room is used as a store room, and the balance, as the residence of
Mr. Forney. At the rear end of the lot there is a very convenient stable.
Mr. F. was engaged in tanning forabout 12 years, and a view of the estab-
lishment will be found in this book, but he has also contributed to the
prosperity of the town, by erecting a number of buildings, 5 of which he
has now in the occupancy of tenants. Adam Forney, who is a son of
Mr. L. S. Forney, was born Oct. loth, 1840. He married Ada, daughter
of Wm. Dice, Esq., of Scotland, Pa., May 10th, 1870. They have two
children, viz-, Wm. Dice, and Lillie.
262 Appenillv.
FARM AND RESIDENOK OF .TACOT! nKGE— PKTKRa TOWNSniP, FKANKT.IN C(\,
The bnil.linga repreaented in niir sketch consist of a stone log, cased
with brick, and brick house, and also a very capacious barn. The J'arm
which contains 17:{ acres of first quality of flint, gravel and limestone
land, adjoining which Mr. Hege liaa another one ol" lOa acres, is situated
a little south ol the Warmspring road, about six miles from Mercersburg,
12 from Chamberaburg and U from Williamson Station on the S. P. K. K.
The land was first taken up by a Mr. (Jlapsaddle, and was purchased
from one of iiis descendants, George Clf.psaddle, about 03 years ago by
John Hege, father of the present owner. Jacob H. at the time of the
purchase was a boy. His father was born in Lancaster County Imt came
to this county at the age of 14 years and resided with liis parents at
Marlon. He married Mary, daughter of Jacob Lesher, near Greencastle.
He resided on a farm belonging to his father-in-law until the death of
Mr. Lesher which occurred on December 31st, 1813, when he purchased
and removed on the property represented in the picture. At this time a
cabin built of unhewn logs and roofed with clapboards, occupied a place
now included in the front yard. This Mr. H. allowed to remain for about
ten years, notwithstanding the fact that he had erected a larger log
house 24 by 35 feet, the part of the present one that is now cased witii
brick and forms the centre of the building. He also erected a stone
kitchen, same width as the log house, and about 18 feet) long which also
remains as built. Mr. Jacob Hege has made an addition, of brick, 17 feet
long at the north end, which is also the same width as the log brick cased
part. This is now occupied by him as a residence, the other portion being
used by his son Jacob W. and his family. When this land was purchased
by John Hege it was nearly all covered with heavy timber, only about 10
or 5 acres having been cleared. The price paid for about 73 acres, was
|G0 per acre, and afterwards he secured a large tract, some as low as $4
per acre. At the time of his death, which occured in his 80th year, he
was possessed of 700 acreu. He built a substantial log barn over 100 feet
long with floors. This barn was torn away to give place to the one built
by his son .Jacob in 18G7. The present brick barn contains 3 threshing
floors, five long stables, one of which is 17 feet wide, constructed for the
purpose of fattening cattle. The land which is somewhat rolling is well
adapted to grain or stock raising, about 30 acres are still well covered
with thrifty timber. There is a never failing well of good water, 23 feet
deep, near the house. Two good cisterns, one at house the other at barn.
There is a lime kiln of 700 or 800 bushels capacity on this place, the good
effect of its product being demonstrated by the fact that the average yield of
wheat is about 1,000 bushels, 1,000 bushels of corn, 1,000 bushels of oats
as well as a goodly supply of hay. There is also a fine apple orchard in
full bearing, and an abundance of small fruits. Jacob Hege was married
Dec. 17th, 1844, to Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Weaver, of St. Thomas
Township. They have two children Jacob W. and George. The former
as already noted, living in part of the house represented, and the latter on
the adjoining farm. Jacob W. was married to Mary, daughter of Joseph
Kriner. They have had three children, viz: Elizabeth, John Henry, and
an infant. John Henry is dead. George married Fanny, daughter of
Samuel Etter, near Marion. They have one child named William Milton.
The farm on which they reside contains IGo acres, which united with the
other one, makes 438 acres. The Father of Jacob Hege and also his
mother were buried on this farm in a family burying ground, known as
Hege's graveyard. Hans Hege the progenitor of the Hege family, emi-
grated from Schauff'hauscn, near Zweibrucken, at Ebcrstein Hoff, in Switz-
I
Appendi.r. 268
eriand. He landed in Philadelphia, Sept. 27th, 1727, having been a pas-
senger on the ship "James Goodwill," David Crockett, Capt. He was
accompanied by his brother-in-law Hans Lehman and about fifty-three
other families. From Philadelphia they went to Rapho Township, Lan-
caster County, and settled near Manheim. Mr. H. bought a farm there,
where he remained all his life and was buried on his own place.
FARM AND PRESENT HOME OF JOHN WALKER, ESQ.,— ST. THOMAS TOWN-
SHIP, FRANKLIN CO., PA.
This delightful place, late th£ residence, and old homestead, of the cel-
ebrated Wilson family, is situated about seven and a half miles west of
Chambersburg and about 3 miles from the village of St. Thomas. It
was purchased by its present owner, Jan. 4th ia72, of James Shields of
Mount Pleasant Borough, Westmoreland Co. Pa. , one of the heirs at law of
the Wilson estate. The barn which is a very fine brick structure 102 feet
long by 62 feet wide, was built in the year 1847, and the commodious
house, which is also of brick 58 by 40 feet, was erected in 1848 by the
surviving children of John Wilson, Sr., and Sarah his wife, but remained
unoccupied as a residence until Feb. 1855. The deed from Wm. Steel, of
Hamilton Township, at that time, Cumberland Co., Pa., to John Wilson,
Township of Derry, Lancaster Co., Pa., bears date twenty— October A.
D. 1779. The place then contained 212 acres ftnd allowance, and was
sold for what would appear to be the enormous sum of nine thousand
pounds. Remembering however that at that date the continental currency
was at a very large discount, the price was probably much less than it
would now bring without its valuable improvements. The family of
John and Sarah Wilson consisted of seven sons and three daughters, viz:
Moses, David, James, John, Alexander, William, Robert, Elizabeth W.
afterwards Mrs. Shields, Florence, afterwards Mrs. Patton, and Sarah. All
of these, with the exception of the two designated, continued in a state ot
single blessedness. John Wilson, Sr., died Jan. 31st, A. D. 1826, aged
about 76 years. Mrs. Sarah AVilson, after attaining the age of 96 years,
3 months and 28 days, died July 1st, 1848. The children now all sleep
with their fathers, Moses at the age of 80 vears, died Oct. 15th, 1861, David
aged 78, died 27th Feb. 1862, James who died July 28th 1847, was 56 years
■ old, John Jr., died March 10th, 1818 being yet in his 29th year, Alexan-
der still younger, departed this life Sept. 24th 1823, at the age of 24 years,
William attained the age of 71 years and died Jan. 29th 1869, Robert in
the month of July, the 6th day, aged only 54, Elizabeth, Mrs. Shields, ex-
ceeded the remarkable age of her mother and died March 23d, 1873, 97
years old, Florence, Mrs. Patton, died March 6th 1855, aged 68 years and
Sarah the munificient benefactress of Wilson College, in whose henor it was
named, died Feb. 9th, 1871, aged 76 years. We have been thus careful to
give this chronological list of deaths for the reason that amongst the many
families and individuals who have resided in Franklin County none are
more deserving to be kept in grateful rememberance than that of the Wil-
sons. Not alone because of the aid that their honestly accumulated wealth
afforded in establishing an institution of learning that is an honor to our
county, but also because of the fact that one of the peculiar characteristics
of these people was their unstinted liberaiity and humanity to the poor,
and their fair and honorable dealings, not only with their many tenants,
bui with the public generally. The old house around whose hearthstone
this numerous family gathered for so many years, c©ntinued to be occu-
pied by the surviving members until its destruction by fire in Feb. 1865.
It will bo noticed that the present brick structure was erected in 1848, yet
264 A'ppendix.
notwithBtauding its allracUve appearance and couimodioua apartments
the recollections of childhood days were so entwined around their heart-
strings that nothing but the devouring element was able to cauae them to
leave, for better accommodation, those made dear by memory's cariy hours.
With the old building many valuables, consisting of money, bonds and
notes, together with a lavish supply of bedding and other household goods
were destroyed, and even title papers, in the iron safe, were so charred as,
in some instances, to be rendered illegible, as was the case with the baJ-
lance of the date on the first deed of this farm.
John Walker, Esq., the present well and favorably known proprietor,
was born in St. Thomas Township, April 24th, 1824. His grandfather
Robert Walker was a native of Ireland and landed in Philadelphia, Aug.
23d, A, D. 1786. On the first of September of the same year he located
near Franklin Furnace, and soon after commenced the erection of the
first ftiUing-mill west of Carlisle, employing as a power and appropriating
the site now used by the saw-mill of Mr. John Heckman. He died April
10th A. D. 1837 aged 78 years. George Walker, the father of John, was
born Feb. 21st, 1790 and died June 13th, A. D. 1868 aged 78 years, leaving
two children, one daughter, now Mrs, George Sprecher, and the owner of
the place under consideration. John Walker has been twice married, his
first wife was Sarah, daughter of Wm. Gillan, Esq., of Hamilton Town-
ship, now deceased, to whom he was married March 12th, 1846. She
died in 1869 at the age of 43 years leaving an interesting family of seven
children, three sons and four daughters. His second wife, Sarah Shields
of Hamilton Township formerly of Westmoreland County, is one of the
descendents of the Wilson family, being a granddaughter of Elizabeth
W. They were married in 1873, and have one child a son. Few men
who have entered into the matrimonial venture, for the second time, are
as fortunate as has been Mr. W. , at least the writer is acquainted with no
one who has drawn two prizes of equal worth. At the time of the pur-
chase of the farm, for which he paid |14,627.32 it contained 241 acres, but
Mr. Walker, who has another farm but a short distance away, has reduced
this one to 143 acres.
KESIDENCE OF J. M, KIPPLE, M. D.
In the year 1873 Dr. Ripple of Waynesboro', Pa., purchased the site
on which his very convenient home is now located. At that time it was
occupied by an old school building. The lot has a width of 83 feet, is 200
feet deep, and the hosse standing back 65 feet from the pavement, is
adorned with beautiful shade trees. It is 42 feet front by 30 feet deep,
and has a back building 30 feet long attached. The paternal ancestors of
Dr. R., three or four generations back, were natives of Germany, and
their first settlement in this country, at a very early date was in Hagcrs-
town, Md„ where they engaged in agriculture. In the year 1810 Lewis
Ripple, the grandfather of the Doctor, purchased what is now known as
the Monterey Springs property, at that time occupied by an old log house
which was used a tavern stand. This Mr. R. removed and erected in its
stead a commodious stone structure together with the necessary out build-
ings. The property then became widely known as Ripple's Tavern.
About SIX years after, the hotel building proper, was destroyed by fire, but
was rebuilt by its proprietor who continued to keep a favorite place of ac-
commodation for man and beast until about the year 1840 when he dis-
posed of it to Samuel Buhrraan, and removed to Waterloo now Rouser-
ville, where he again engaged in the hotel business and continued so era-
ployed until the time of his deathi His family consisted of four sons
John, James, Joseph and Lewis, and five daughters Elizabeth, Matilda,
Appendix'. 365
Harriet, Margareta and Julia Ann. Of tliese tlie two oldest sons John
and James are dead. Joseph, the father of the Doctor, was born m the
year 1813 and when he had attained a sufficient age he entered the employ
of his father, taking charge of one of his teams, of which he had several
for the purpose of conveying freight to and from the cities of Baltimore
and Pittsburg. He continued at this business until about the year 1845
when he engaged in farming near Beaver Creek Md. He was married in
1835 to Mary daughter of Mr Sheeler who lived on the property now
owned by Christian Shockey north of Rouzerville. Mr R. resided for
some years iu Maryland after which time he purchased, from his father
75 acres of land near Rouzerville, about the year 1850, upon which he re-
mained until 1865 when he disposed of it to Christian Shocky and pur-
chased the farm upon which he is now living, but which he sold,
in the spring of 1876, to his sen. Dr. J. M. Ripple in whose possession it
still remains. This farm is situated about one mile from Waynesboro',
near the Baltimore and Pittsburg turnpike, and 3 miles from the Waynes-
boro', station of the W. M. R. R. It contains 130 acres of highly culti-
vated land, and is supplied with very attractive buildings which were
erected in 1863 by James Brumbeck. The soil is limestone and is well
adapted to the production of grain, or for stock raising. The surface is
rolling and is well watered by two fine springs which empty into a stream
running nearly parallel with the farm, the house is supplied by a well of
excellent water. The capacity of the farm, which, by judicious culture,
is being year by year increased, has been as much as 30 bushels of wheat
per acre. Dr. J. M. Ripple, who graduated from Jefi'erson Medical Col-
lege in the spring of|1868,and who immediately upon his graduation located
in Waynesboro', was compelled to hew his own way to the honorable
position which he now occupies, and the remarkable energy which he
displayed in early life a£"ord3 the secret to his present success. He was
married in the year 1873 to Margaret Lee, daughter ot Jacob B. Cook,
Esq., of Quincy Township, and has two children Joseph and Martin.
WAYNESBORO' HOTEL.
Whilst we are satisfied that our artist has done justice to the above
named commodious place of entertainment we are certain that the guests,
and they who chance to be made the recipients of the kind and generous
attention of the gentlemanly host, Mr. M. G. Minter and his estema-
ble family, can alone give full credit to this establishment. The hotel
property is owned by Mr. Jacob J. Miller, who purchased it April 1st,
1867 from Valentine V. Gilbert and Rebecca his wife. It is located on
the north-west corner of the diamond, is built of brick and contains 30
rooms. The dining room, that which is of so great importance in a hotel,
is 18 by 40 feet, and has had gathered around its sumptuous tables as
many as 83 regular boarders. The house can accommodate 75 guests, and
the stabling has a capacity for the care of 50 head of horses. The lot
occupied by a large portion of this property is what is known as No. 30
on the general plan of the town, and was conveyed by John Wallace, the
original proprietor, on the 37th day ot June 1798 to Michael Stoner, Sr.,
and Elizabeth his wife, from those parties to Christian Funk and Jose-
phine his wife. From Christian Funk and wife it passed into the poses-
sion of Francis Bowden and Mary Ann his wife. The deed from Bowden
and wife to V. B. Gilbert, is dated August 1st, 1865. The hotel, which
contains a large store-room, occupies a frontage of 84 feel and has a
depth of about the same extent. It was built in the year 1818 by Michael
* Stoner, 8r., and the east end, has ever since been used as a hotel. In its
SGfi Appendiv.
general appearaace, and all its appliances, it does full credit to the enter-
prising town of Waynesboro'.
FARM AND HOMESTEAD OF PHAREZ DUFFIELD, ESq.
Tlie region which is fringed by the South Mountain, so replete in min-
eral wealth, and constituting some of the most productive farms in this
county, appears to have been settled upon by sturdy Irish, and Scotch-
Irish and their descendents at a very early period. The homestead which
we represent in our picture is located about G miles south-east of Cham-
bersburg, in Guilford Township, near the little village of New Guilford.
It is about 2 miles from Fayettevillc station on the Mount Alto Railroad.
The land was taken up by Richard Cowden in the year 1762, from whom
it passed into the possession of the Wallace family, The first buildings,
which remained until about GO years ago, were of stone and logs. These
have disappeared and the present house which is also of logs, weather-
boarded, with a brick extension, was built in the spring of 1820 by Rebecca
DufiQeld, the grandmother of the present proprietor. It has on several
occasions been remodeled by his father, Simon Duffield, and by himself.
The barn which is built of stone, frame and brick, is 94 feet long and was
erected by its present owner in the year 1866. The farm contains 110
acres, 20 of which are well covered with excellent limber, viz: hickory,
white and black oak. It is in a tine state of cultivation, and is adapted to
the production of all kinds of grain. Having an abundance of lime-stone
and the facilities for the conversion of it into lime, the time is in the far
distant future when this will be known as any other than a fertile, thrifty
place. The grandfather of the present well-to-do owner of this land,
William DufiQeld, a native of Ireland, arrived in this country sometime
during the Revolutionary war, and entered into the service of his adopted
country. After the expiration of his enlistment he married into the
Wallace family and raised a family of live sons and two daughters, viz:
Simon (father of Pharcz) Josiah, Philip, James, William, Anne and Sarah.
These all sleep with their ancestors, James the last one having died Jan.
24th, 1878 at an advanced age. Josiah, the date of whose death is not
known, encountered the perils of war at Baltimore in 1812. Simon Duf-
field, who was born in 1780 on this farm continued to reside here until
the time of his death which occurred in 1856. His mother also died in
the same house having resided there during her widowhood. Pharcz
DufBeld married Sarah Jane, daughter of George Cook, Esq., of Quincy
Township, in the year 1849. He came into possession of this property by
inheritance and purchase, in the year 1856. His children numbering six,
consist of four sons and two daughters, viz: Cassius W,, John J., Mar-
shall C, George P., Sarah E., and Ida J.
L. S. FORNEY'S TANNERY.
The buildings represented in the sketch are situated in Waynesboro', on
a lot on East Main street, which formerl}' belonge'l to the Gar'land estate.
The tannery was erected in the spring of 1831, was remodeled and
enlarged in 1858, and has a capacity of two thousand hides per annum.
Philip Forney, Sr., great grandfather of L. S. Forney, emigrated at a
very early date from France. His son Philip, (grandfather of L. S.
Forney) was born Sept. 29th, 1724; was married May 18th, 1753, and had
ten children. Mr. Philip Forney, Jr., died Ftb. 17lh, 178JJ, and his wife,
Elizabeth, died August 10th, 1794.
Adam Forney, (father of L. S. Forney,) was born June loth, 1754.
He married Rachel, daughter of David Schrieber, who lived near Win-
chester, Md., Oct. 26th, 1784. She was born Jan. 7lh, 1767. Their family
consialed of ten children.
I
Appendix. 2G7
David Schrieber, Sr. (grandfather of L. S. Forney,) was a member of
the Maryland State Legislature for many years. His son David, was,
when a boy, pressed into service in the Continental Army under Gen.
George Washington. He was afterwards educated, and appointed to a
position on the U. S. Engineer Corps, which he held for a considerable
length of time. He assisted in the survey of the Mason & Dixon's Line,
and in the laying out of the National Eoad from Baltimore, Md., to
Wheeling, Va. He held a government position until within a few years
of his death.
L. S. Forney was born in Hanover, York County, Pa., May 26th, 1805,
and was the youngest, save one, of a family ot 10 children, 5 of whom are
still living. Samuel the eldest of the surviving members, was born March
8th, 1790, and now resides at Gettysburg, Pa. Mr. L. S. Forney was
married Nov. 1st, 1882, to Mary, daughter of Jacob Hollinger. She was
born Nov. 5th, 1811, and died Jan. 2§d, 1873. They had eleven children,
three of whom died in infancy, the rest are still living. Although ad-
vanced in years, Mr. Forney is still actively engaged in business. He has
contributed very largely to the prosperity of the town in which he has
spent so large a portion of his useful and unobtrusive life. His residence,
situated on East Main St.,— one of eieven brick houses erected prior to
1831, was purchased by its present occupant in 1854.
KESIDENCE OP JACOB J, MILLEK.
This homestead is located about 3^ miles south-west of Waynesboro' on
the public road leading to Hagerstown. At a very early date the land, of
which this constitutes a part, was taken up by Henry Miller, the great
grandfather of the present owner. Deeds in possession 'of the family,
show that its proprietorship dates back to 1786, and it has continued in
the Miller name ever since. Henry Miller who was a native of Germany,
entered the patriot army and served during the entire period of the Revo-
lutionary war. After his death the property passed into the hands of
his son whose name was also Henry. At the death of Henry, Jr., it be-
came the property of his son Samuel, and is still ownedby his heirs. He
had three sons, John, Samuel and Henry. John Miller the father of
Jacob J. is still living, at the age of 77 years, on part of the homestead.
He married Eve Harbaugh about the year 1831. They have three chil-
dren, viz: Jacob J. Daniel R. and Susan, now Mrs. Benjamin Funk. The
farm represented by the illustration contains 163 acres. The buildings,
which are very attractive, are of brick, and the barn which is 80 by 54
feet, in it3 convenience and finish, is cousidered one of the best in that
section of the county. It was built in 1873 and has a never failing well
of water beneath a portion of it. The present owner of this place is the
architect, ot and superintended the construction of all these buildings.
Whilst the house was being erected in 1863 the memorable battle of
Antietam was fought, and few can imagine the anxiety and consterna-
tion of Mr. M. during these troublous times, but with a rarely equaled
amount of energy he pushed forward the work to completion. The soil
of this very productive farm is of limestone, and its greatest capacity
has been as much as 45 bushels of wheat to the acre, but this was ex-
ceptional. The average production is from 30 to 25 bushels. Mr. Miller,
who is also the owner of that capacious and well known hostelry, the
Waynesboro Hotel, moved upon this property shortly after his marriage
which occurred Feb. 19lb, 1856. His wife was Elizabeth C, daughter
of Harry and Susan Funk. The children of Jacob J. Millor and wife
are seven in number, viz : John J. H., Adolphus B., Martha S., Charles
Ottis, Daniel L., Mary Elizabeth and Etta Viola.
208 Appendir.
FAltM OF THE LATE JAMES CRAWFORD.
This farm, 'wliicli is now owned by Frederick B. Crawford, but occu-
pied by his brother Milton, io situated in Guilford Township, about one and
a half miles from Fayetteville and one mile from the Mount Alto Railroad,
and is part of the original tract taken up by Edward Crawford, a native
of Drumgavan, near Donegal, Ireland, and at that time (1740) known by
the name of Clearfield. He erected the first buildings of log, which re-
mained until about the year 1882, when the house was torn down and re-
built, about 50 yards from the original site, by his grandson, James
Crawford, using the same material. This building is still standing. The
house and barn which we represent, and which are of brick, were built
by James Crawford, the former in 1828 and the later in 1838, and have
not received any alteration or change since then, except by the great
mutator of all things earthly, old Father Time. The dimensions of the
house are GO by 25 feet, and the barn 72 by 50 feet. The farm, which is
ef limestone soil and very productive, contains 171 acres, of which about
'SO are in choice oak and hickory timber. It has a fine stream of water
running through it, and as an evidence of its productiveness we will state
that its last year's crops (1877) consisted of 1,300 bushels of wheat, 2,500
bushels of corn, 500 bushels of oats and about 80 tons of hay. The family
history of these descendents of the first Edward Crawford deserves more
than a passing notice at our hands. Whilst most of them have been un-
obtrusive in their characters, yet as a family they have been noted for their
intelligence, and for possessing that old styled gentility that unfortunately
at the present day is giving way to the leveling influences of that reckless-
ness that is inaptly denominated progress. Of the family of Edward
Crawford, consistinir of nine children, viz: Martha, John, James, Eliza-
beth, Ruth, Edward, Joseph and Mary, John and Edward were soldiers
of the Revolution. John, who was a Lieutenant, was captured, together
with 2,300 other prisoners, at Fort Washington, and was kept in custody
on Long Island during the remainder of the war. We append to this
article a letter written by him to his father, which demonstrates the fact
that there were hard money men in his time as well as now. Edward
Crawford will be still remembered by some of the oldest residents of the
county as the clerk of the first court ever held in Chambersburg. Joseph
was killed by the Indians. John and James inherited the farms and in
179G John, in consideration of 300 pounds paid to his brother James,
became proprietor, of the 341 acres held by said brother. James removed
to Mercersburg where he died ; and in 1827 John died on the same larm
on which he was born. His family consisted of eleven children of whom
but two now survive, namely Joseph and Beckie, now Mrs. McKee, relict
of the late Matthew Mckee. Holmes, one of the number, was for many
years the honored head and front of the old Chambersburg Saving Fund.
He also was a soldier of the war of 1812 and was present at the siege of
Fort McHenry. For a long time a resident of Chambersburg, no one ever
enjoyed a more unsullied reputation for integrity and for everything that
goes to make up the christian gentleman. James Crawford, the father of
the present OAvner, and also of the present occupant of the farm, died
Jan. 18th, 1872. His family consists of three sons John E., Frederick
B., and Milton. John Crawford died May 1875 and has also left three
children, viz; Walter B., Jane Ann and Martha. Joseph Crawford, full
of years, and revered by all who know him, is still living on his farm.
He together with his brothers James and John inherited the farms which
made up this very valuable tract of productive 'land. All of the original
tract of land which was owned and occupied by the first Edward Crawford
A2)pendic. 2G9
in 1740, still remains in the possession and occupancy of his descendenta.
First letter written by Lieutenant John Crawford, to his parents after
he was taken prisoner.
New Yo.uk, November 31st, 177G.
Honored Father and Mother : — I am a prisoner here and without clothes
or hard money, only what was on me when I was taken. I left my
clothes with Eddy the other side of tho river, expect to get them again, I
would be glad you could send me some hard jnoney as no other will pass
here. I have the liberty of walking the streets. You need not be uneasy
about me. I am well at present and live in hopes to see you yet. I am
your dutiful son and humble servant.
Lieutenant John Crawford.
I was taken the ItJth inst., at Fort Washington with about two thousand
three hundred more.
residence of a. M. HOKE, ESQ , MERCERSBITRG, MONTGOMERY TOWNSHIP.
This fine brick structure which is located near the east end of Seminary
street, adjoining the borough of Mercersburg, is 30 by 37 feet with a back
building 18 by 32 feet, and was erected by Mr. H. in 1877. The land upon
which it was built was purchased in the same year from Mr. A. R, Snively.
The farm of Mr. Hoke is located in Montgomery Township, about 3 miles
south of Mercersburg. It was purchased from John Myers in 1866 by
Michael Hoke, Jr., who willed it to its present owner in 1873. It con-
tains 196 acres, is provided with a brick dwelling house and stone barn.
There are 4 good wells of water, 3 at the house and 3 at the barn. The
lime kiln on the place has a capacity of 1,100 bushels. The fencing is of
very good quality. The grandfather of Mr, A. M. Hoke, Michael Hoke,
Sr., was born April 35th, 1763, and died Nov. 15th, 1846; Elizabeth, his
wife was born Jan. 11th, 1770, and died Aug. 30th. 1833; Michael Hoke,
Jr. , was born Oct. 19th, 1808, and died Oct. 80th, 1875 ; Hannah Bossman ,
his wife was born June 33d, 1813, and died Nov. 13th, 1851).
farm and residence of ADDISON IMBRIE, ESQ , GREENCA3TLE, PA.
The very attractive place represented in the sketch, is situated just
outside of the borough limits, on the turnpike leading from Mercersburg
to Waynesboro'. The large and commodious house is constructed of
brick, in the modern style, and in its internal arrangement is very con-
venient. The barn, which is built of stone and frame, is intended
to secure the product of the 75 acres of fertile land which serves to make
np this place. Mr. Imbrie who is a son of John Imbrie, a now deceased
citizen of Beaver County, came to this country in 1843, and engaged in
merchandizing at Mercersburg. He moved to Greencastle in 1861, where
he continued the mercantile pursuit until 1863, when he engaged in the for-
warding and commission business, to which he atill devotes nearly all
of his time. He purchased the place, which we have just attempted to
debcribe,in the year 1875, and occupied it at once.
270 Appendi.c.
ST. JOHN'S EVANGELICAL LUTHEUAN CHURCH OF MERCERSBURG, PA.
This substantial edifice, erected at a cost of $9,004.11 under the con-
tractorship of John Waidlich, was commenced in the spring of lb07 and
was consecrated to the service of the Triune God on the oth of July IHObi.
Prior to the year 1740, the now widely extended denomination of Chris-
tians know as the Evangelical Lutheran Church, was unknown in this
section of the State, the first families having settled in what is now styled
Franklin County in 1742. In 17G5 Bev. John George Eager, who resided
at Cone w ego, YorkCounty, began to make semi-annual visits to the Luth-
eran settlements, preaching the word, catechising and confirming the
youth and administering the holy sacraments. The members of the de-
nomination in the region of Mercersburg were organized into a congre-
gation by Kev. John Ruthrauff about the year 1800. They worshiped in
an old log house until the year 1813, when a stone church was built on
the old site, conjointly by the Lutherans and German Reformeds. Rev.
Ruthrauff resigned in 1827 and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Shultze, who
served the cnurch for two years. In 1830 Rev. Mr. Baughey became the
pastor and contiued in that'capacity until 1832, when Rev. Reuben Weiser,
now the venerable Doctor of Divinity who resides in Georgetown, Colo-
rado, took charge. During his ministry, the church building was re-
paired at a cost of $1,000,00. The church membership at that time being
GO. Rev. Weiser resigned in 1835, and left his pastorate in a prosperous
condition. From 1835 to 184G, no stated pastor had charge of this flock,
but at the end of this period, Rev. Michael Eyster, who had taken charge
of the congregation at Greencastle, also preached at Mercersburg, He
resigned in 1849 and in 1851 was succeeded by Rev. P. P. Lane, who
also^resigned in 1853, after which Rev. M. M. Bachtel served the church
for one year. In 1854 Rev S. McHenry was settled as pastor in the Mer-
cersburg charge, which position he occupied until 1859, when he was
immediately followed by Rev. G. Roth. In June 1860 the Sunday School
was organized, and in the spring of 1863 Rev. Roth resigned, and was
succeeded by Rev. A. M. Whetstone, Jan. 1st, 1866. Having been called
to the Lutheran church at Somerset, Rev. W. took leave of his devoted
people, and was succeeded, Feb. 1872 by Rev. A. J. Hessan, the present
pastor. The church at this time has a membership of 210. The lot occupied
by the church and parsonage was bought for the sum of $820, and during
the summer and fall of 187G the parsonage was built at a cost of $4,800,
under the supervison of Waidlich & Bros., who where also the architects.
It was occupied in the spring of 1877.
THE FARM OF JOHN CROFT, ESQ., ST. THOMAS TOWNSHir.
This very valuable plantation was taken up in two tracts, the north end
consisting of about 108 acres was surveyed on a warrant in the name of
Wm. Rankin, dated May 8lh 1751. The other consisting of about 210
acres was surveyed on application of James McFarlan, the date of which
was March loth, 1767. That taken up by Rankin was purchased by
McFarlan Oct. 30th, 17G5, and after the location of the other it was all
known by the name of the McFarlan tract. In 1804 John Wilson, the
father of the celebrated Wilson family, became its owner. The first
buildings, consisting of a log house and barn, were erected by James
McFarlan, these remained, the barn until 1844 and the house until 184G,
when the present substantial and attractive buildings were placed in their
stead by the heirs of John Wilson. The house as will be seen is a two
story brick edifice constructed in the form of au L. The barn which is
RES.or PHAREZ DUF FIELD guilford twp. frmkun CO. pa?""?^^^
STEAM JOB PRINTING OFFICE OF A.G.BLAIR WAYNESBORO?^^^
FRANKLIN 00. PA.
Appendix. 271
one hundred and one feet long is also of brick. At the present time
about eighty acres, of these three hundred and eighteen, are well set
with thriving timber. As it is located on the dividing ridge between the
Slate and limestone regions, the land is of good quality and is well
adapted for either grain or stock raising. It is rolling in character and
is well watered by a stream running through it. The largest production
of wheat in one year was about 1,500 bushels. Mr. Croft became the
owner of this place in the year 1871, having purchased it from Mrs.
Elizabeth Shields of Westmoreland County, at that time the only surviv-
ing member of the Wilson family, the price paid being |23,100.00. One
very remarkable circumstance connected with Mr. Croft's relation with
this place is the fact, that he resided on it, and conducted the farming
operations, for ?>o consecutive years as tenant of the Wilsons, a strong
evidence that his integrity was such as to merit the respect and confidence
of his landlords. Mr. C. has always lent his aid in improvements of all
kinds, but in no one thing has he contributed to the wellfare of his neigh-
borhood in a greater desree than in his efforts to elevate the grade of the
neat cattle of the county. His iirst purchase of thorough bred cattle
was in the year 1873, the first pair "Albert" a herd book animal, got by
the "Duke of Hewston," was from the farm of Charles W. Wordsworth,
of Livingston County N. Y.. and "Edith" also a herd book heifer, got by
the 4th "Grand Duke of Oxford," from the farm of James Wordsworth,
of Genessee, N. Y. His second purchase was from the lierd of S. F.
Letton, Paris, Ky., and consisted of a thorough Hbred animal named
"Adina's Duke," sired by "Loudon Duke 2d." This animal was sold
by Mr. Silas Corbin, of Paris, Ky. The fine south-down ram No. 271
was purchased from John D. Wing, of Duchess County, N. Y. Thrown
upon his own. resources very early in life, Mr. C. has worked his way,
through many tribulations, up to the enviable position he now occupies.
CARRIAGE WOKKS OF J. A. HARPER— GREENCASTLE, PA.
The works represented in our sketch are situated on South Railroad
avenue, Greencastle, Pa. They consist of wood and paint shops, black-
smith shop and warehouse. They have a capacity of about 50 new
machines per annum, besides repairing, &c. Mr. H. employs 10 men
besides salesmen through the country. His sales last year (1877) amounted
to 53 new vehicles and 75 secondhand ones, and the value of the repairing
was to the extent of $2,800. Four years ago, the successful proprietor of
this large and growing business, commenced at this place, in these shops,
but had been engaged in manufacturing carriages nearly all the time since
he entered upon his trade at the age of 14 years. He employs none but
first-class workmen and has everything done under bis own supervision.
These buildings which are all trame, were erected 4 years ago and as
soon as completed were occupied by Mr. H. A great deal of the work
manufactured here is shipped west and south, to Maryland, Virginia, «&c.,
and in as much as all styles and classes of work are turned out, the re-
quirements of even the most exacting can be met. The proprietor, not-
withstanding his large sales endeavors to keep a supply of all kinds of
vehicles on hand, and is prepared to repair, or construct new work on the
shortest notice. The energy of Mr. Harper is very commendable when we
consider that during the dark days of the Rebellion, whilst living at
Greenmount, 10 miles from Gettysburg, he was stripped of all he pos-
sessed. His property consisting of store j^oods was appropriated, his
carriage works were used as a hospital, and all of his movable effects
were consumed by the armies, both Union and Confederate. And as if
272 ApTpendix,
not content with thna reducing an nnoflendinp; citizen to penury, the das-
tardly iavaders at last took his bodj', and carried it, as well as that of his
aged father to be incarcerated in their hellish prison pens. Wni. Harper,
the father of J. A., who during nearly his whole life liad followed farm-
ing, was captured as a private citizen at Gettysburg, was taken to Salis-
bury, North Carolina, and after having endured all the privations, and in-
fernal tortures of rebel prison life, for the period of 18 months he died,
with the sole comfort of having the attendance of his faithful son, J. A.
Harper, who was captured whilst acting as Post-master at his home,
Qreenmount. He was first taken to Staunton, Va., where he was kept two
weeks, then taken in a box car to Richmond. Va., and thrown into
"Castle Lightning," here he was stripped of all his valuables, money, etc.,
and on the same day was taken to Libby Prison, where he remained 4
weeks. From there he was removed to "Castle Thunder," where he re-
mained but a short time, when he was taken to Salisbury, North Carolina,
and was put into the Rebel Penitentiary, where he was confined until
Feb. 23d, 1865. His father, Wm. Harper, was taken sick directly after
reaching Salisbury, and had the tender care of his son, who was acting
as hospital steward, and when he died his remains were carefully buried,
the son, under guard, being allowed to attend to the sad rites. Two
brothers of J. A. Harper, George and William served in the Union army
during the rebellion. William was in the cavalry that burned the Salis-
bury Prison, only one day after his brother J. A. was removed with the
other prisoners to Richmond. After the war he engaged in rail roading,
and was a conductor on the unfortunate train that met with the fearful
calamity at Ashtabula, Ohio, and is supposed to have been among the lost
as he has never been heard of since. George is now living in Harrisburg.
J. A. Harper, after his fathers death, was shipped back to Richmond and
again incarcerated in Libby Prison, from there he was taken to "Castle
Thunder," and from there down the river to Akiens Landing, and deliv-
ered to a company of Union Cavalry, after having been in confinement for
21^ months. During the time of his imprisonment the average number
of deaths, amongst the inmates was about sixty per day. Leaving these
sad scenes we will return to the consideration of Mr. J, A. Harper, as he
is now surrounded by his interesting family. He was married in 1857 to
Lydia Ann, daughter of Abraham Plank, who was born April 9th, 1834.
They having seven children living and three dead. Those now living are
as follows : Henry Clay, Sarah Virginia, Lillie May, Lydia Ann, Jacob
Edward, Wesley Plank and Clinton Hayes. The dead were named
Nettie E., Cora Bell and John A.
RESIDENCE AND WAUEHOUSE OF SAMUEL PLUM— LEHM ASTER' 8 STATION,
SOUTH PENN R. R.
These attractive buildings are situated in the promising vdlage of Leh-
master's Station, in Peters Township, Franklin County, 10 miles, by rail
road, west of Chambersburg, at the intersection of the public roads lead-
ing from Greencastle and Mercersburg to Loudon. Five miles south-east
of the latter place and 4 miles north-east of Merceisburg. The village
consists of the buildings represented in the sketch, and has a PostofRce,
Express, Ticket and Freight office, together with a store and nine other
dwelling houses. It now covers about 12 acres of ground which was pur-
chased March 2Gth, 1874 by Mr. P. formerly a resident of Sinking Springs,
Berks County, Pa., but a native of Franklin County, from Jacob Lehmas-
ter, from whom it derived its name. At the time of the purchase by Mr.
Plum there were no houses here except the farm buildings of Mr L. The
Appendix. 373
warehouse, which waa erected in the spring of 1874, is a frame structure
50 by 26 feet, with a slate roof, and is located on the south side of the rail
road. It has a capacity of storing upwards of 5,000 bushels of grain, together
with a large space for the reception of freight; and contains the Post,
Ticket, Express and Freight offices, together with a ladies and gentlemens
waiting room. Mr. Plum also erected his fine dwelling house during the
summer of 1874. It is a brick building 33i feet front by 40 feet, is covered
with slate and contains 3 rooms and 1 hall on the first floor, and 5 rooms
and 2 halls on the second. Samuel Plum was born near Keller's mill in
St. Thomas Township on the 29th, of Dec. 1837. He is a son of Chris-
tian Plum, who was born in Adams County, Pa, His grandfather, Adam
Plum, a native of Switzerland, located in Adams County when quite
young and engaged in the pursuit of farming, to which occupation he
reared his son Christian. The maternal grandfather of Samuel Plum was
Jacob Qelsinger, a native of Berks County, who had married a Miss
Christina Hershberger, and Mr. Plum's mother was Hannah, daughter of
the above named. Whilst living at Sinking Springs, Berks County, Mr.
Plum married Mary,daughter of Isaac Ruth of said place, and they have three
children, viz: Lizzie, Willie and Irvin. Together with conducting the
warehouse where he deals largely in lumber, coal, plaster, salt, etc., he is
also Postmaster, Express and Freight Agent. During the year 1877 he
shipped 600,000 feet ot lumber, 600,000 shingles, and a vast quantity of
grain. Considering that his enterprise, as well as the entire village, is
only four years old, we can safely predict a large degree of prosperity for
the energetic pioneer and his earnest co-workers.
FARM OF JACOB MIDDOUR, JR.
The farm, upon which the buildings that appear in our illustration are
located, is situated in Quincy Township, one and a half miles north-east
of Waynesboro'. It has for its nearest railroad station Mont Alto. The
buildings as represented, with the exception of the barn, were built by
the present owner. The house which preceeded this one was constructed
of logs and was one and a half stories high, with a stone back building,
it was erected by Jacob Friedly, and was destroyed by fire in the year
1867. In the same year Mr. M. caused the present fine brick structure,
with slate roof, to be built. Its dimensions are 42 by 80 feet with a back
building 24 feet long. The barn which is of stone is 40 by 85 feet, and
is roofed with straw. This place consists of 165 acres of limestone
land, somewhat brokeii and rolling, well adapted to the production of
grain. It is well watered and under good fencing. The minerals to be
found on this land are iron ore and baryta. Mr. Middour's fine stock of
horses and cattle are supplied with pure water by means of a Stovar Wind
Engine, a labor saving machine that is more appreciated the longer it is
used. The average product of wheat on this place is 35 bushels per acre
and that of corn 60 bushels per acre. Mr. M. is a son of Jacob Middour,
Sr., who was born in the year 1780 and died in 1862. His maternal
grandfather was John Hess, the date of whose birth was in the year 1 768
and who departed this life in 1819. The property came into the possession
of Mr. M. by purchase from his brother Samuel Middour in 1864. He
was married in 1855 to Mary, daughter of David and Susan Shank. They
have eight children.
274 Appendix,
KESinENCE AND OFFICE OF DR. BEN.T. FRANTZ— WAYNESBORO', FRANKLIN
COUNTY, PA.
This property is located on West Main street, in the thriving town of
Waynesboro'. It is 3r» feet front by 60 feet deep and has an office at-
tached. Tlie house proper was built in the year 1858, by John Ervin,
and was bought by Dr. F. in 1870, and occupied by him in
1871, when he built the office and made other improvements. lie
is one of a family of seven sons and one daughter, children of
Christian Frantz, who were named Isaac, John, Abraham, Jacob, Chris-
lian, Samuel, Benjamin and Anne. Isaac, John and Anne are dead.
Abraham, Jacob and Christian are farmers, and Samuel is a miller, re-
siding near Waynesboro', Dr. Benjamin Frantz commenced the study
of medicine with Drs. Martin & Jacob Muner, of Lampeter Square, near
Lancaster, Pa., and finished with Dr. A. H. Senseny, of Chambersburg.
He graduated from Jefferson Medical College, in the class of 184G, and
located, and commenced the practice of medicine in Waynesboro', where
he has enjoyed a lucrative practice ever since. He was married Oct. 13th,
1849, to Mary A., daughter of Michael liyder, of Loudon, Pa. They
have ten children living and one dead, viz: Samuel, Charlotte, Caroline,
Joseph, Isaac, Abraham, Anne, John, Mary and Herman. Dr. F. was
born Oct. 17th, 1834, near Litiz, Lancaster County, Pa. Mrs. F. was
born April 15th, 1830, in Franklin County, near Dry Run, in Path Valley.
The progenitors of the Frantz family in this country, migrated at a very
early date, in company with many tamilies who were driven from their
native land, Switzerland, Palatinate, on account of persecution by the
Lutherans and Catholics, who denounced their religious belief, they
being "Anabaptists." They came to Lancaster County, having procured
a grant for a settlement from the proprietors along the Peque Creek.
The Frantz who first came here, probably as early as 1070 or 80, was the
great, great grandfather of Dr. Benj. Frantz, and very many of his
descendants are still to be found near where he first settled. Christian
Frantz, the father of the Dr. came to this country in the spring of 1825,
and purchased, and settled on, a farm formerly belonging to John Stoner,
arnd now owned by John R. Frantz. It has remained in the Frantz name
ever since. Nearly all the buildings on this place were erected by Chris-
tian Frantz, who also made many improvements on the farm. In the
spring of 1843 he ceased farming, and sold the place to his son John, and
built for himself, a residence on land now owned by John Frantz's heirs,
near Fair View Mill, now in the possession of John Philips, Esq., where
he resided until his death, which occurred in Feb. 1862, at the age of 70
years and some months. Mr. Frantz was ordained as a minister of the
Reformed Menonite Church, while he yet resided in Lancaster County,
and he spent nearly his whole time preaching, having stated meetings
near Carlisle, Shippensburg, Chambersburg, Loudon, and near Hagers-
town, Md., and was the only minister of this denomination in this county
for many years. He frequently took long trips on missionary duty,
through New York State, Canada, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and other
states. Although he was the first of the denomination of which he was
a member, who came to this county, he was shortly after followed by
others, among whom can be mentioned the Fricks, Bakers, Lantzes,
Beshores, Millers, etc. , etc. It was through his efforts that the church was
established near Ringgold, Md., about the year 1827. There was also a
house of worship erected in Waynesboro' in 1876. On account of his
untiring efforts in advocating the doctrines of this church, which to most
of bis hearers was before unknown, it is by many called the "Frantzite
Church," and its members are called "Frantzites."
I.O.Or. HALL. ^"^^iii
NOTION 8r DRY GOODS STORE, OF JAS. P. &iJ. M.^NOLFF. J/j'.
'VILLAGE RECORD" OFFICE, W.BLAI R PROPRIETOR.
219 £ MAIN HT' WAYA/ESBORO, PA.
Appendix. 275
HALL OF I. O. O. P., WAYNESEOKO, PA.
Wiiynesboro Lodge, No. 219 Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of
Pennaylvania,was instituted at Waynesboro Feb. lGtb,l 847, in a room above
"wbat was then known as Henry iStonebouse's Cigar Store, and the Lodge
continued to hold their ineetings in that place until May 17th, 1848.
During this time the Trustees were instructed to purchase a lot of ground
upon which to build a Hall. At a meeting held Oct. 2d, 1847, they re-
ported that they had contracted with H. Stonehouse for the ground, and
their report being accepted, their action was ratified by the Lodge.
September 2Sth, 1847, the following named persons were appointed to act
as a building committee in the construction of the first Odd Fellows Hall,
W. S. Holliuberger, H. H. Miller, D. B. Russell and Jas. Brotherton, Jr.
The dimensions of the building under contemplation were 25 by 50 leef,
and its erection was commenced when the Lodge was as yet financially
very weak. They sent appeals for aid to sister Lodges in the State, but
these met with little substantial response, and they were compelled to
complete their work by issuing certificates of stock, bearing six per cent,
interest payable semi-annually. The building was dedicated May, 17tli,
1818, and was occupied from that time until Jan. 13th, 1873, whea the
present Hall was commenced. It was completed about the last of Decem-
ber 1873. The members constituting the building committee in the con-
struction of this one were, W. F. Ilorner, W. A. Price, W. F. Grove,
George Stover and W. J. Bikle. This structure is 26 feet front by 65
deep, and is three stories high, Its cost was nearly 1^7,000 and it ia one
of the finest buildings in the place. The first floor is occupied by J. P. &
J. M. Wolf as a dry goods store, the second by the Village Record oflice,
and the third by Waynesboro Lodge, No. "219 I. O. O. F. of Pa.,
Widow's Friend Encampment No. 71 I. O. O. F., and I. O. of Red Men,
Uncas Tribe, No. 101. The inside of the Hall is elegantly furnished, and it
is considered one of the finest buildings, for the purpose for which it is
used, in the State. The Lodge, whose property it is, is very flourishing,
having in addition to all the property vested here, about |1,500 of a sur-
plus fund. The following list comprises its entire membership from its
organization :
The Charter Members were as follows: J. W. Stoner, H. Stone-
house, J. B. Resser, Wm. C. Tracy, Frederick Harbaugh, Joseph
Bender, John Null. The initiated were as follows: February 16th,
1847, G. W. Rupp, H. S. Stoner, John Logan, John Shoemaker, Wm. A.
Tritle, John P. Waggoner, M. T. Tracy, W. H. Morehead, M. J. Homer,
Francis Bowden, James R. Weagly, David B. Russell; March 2, W. F.
Horner, Geo. Bender, Henry Logan; March 23, R. F. Gibson; March 30,
Geo. W. Knight; April 6, Elijah Durnbaugh ; April 20, James Brotherton,
Jr., John Philips; April 27, Joshua Suman; May 4, Michael Haustine, Sr;
May 18, W. S. HoUenberger ; May 25, J. L." Welsh, Morris Ilenlin;
June 8, Charles Gordon; June 15, John Nead, Samuel P. Stoner; June
29, Henry McFerren, Geo. Andrews, Peter Heefner, A. S. Adams, Wm.
H. Miller; July 27, Martin Kissell; Aug. 3, James Fisher; Aug. 10, John
Kuhn; Aug. 24, David L. Stoner; Sept. 7, M. M. Stoner; Sept. 14,
Thomas Pilkington; Oct. 5, Wm. Blair, Absalom French; Oct. 12,
Andrew S.Wilson, Samuel Ritter; Nov. 12, John B. Waynant ; Nov.
16, Thomas B. Withers; Nov. 23, P. 11. Dougherty; Nov. 30, John
Gehr, J. S. Zeigler; Dec. 7, Henry F. Davis, John C. Eckman: Dec. 14,
C.G.French, Levi Saunders; Jan. 11, 1848, John H.Smith; Feb. 1,
Martin Sheeler, JohnMcCush; Feb. 8, David Winkfeeld, Wm. Overcash;
Feb. 15, David Kuhnley, J. B. Waynant: Feb. 22, Washington Parkhill ;
376 Appendi.r.
Feb. 2!), .lolin Mont/er; March 21, Daniel Minoch ; April 11, Gen W.
Thorns ; May 2il, An(lrev\' (Jiill}' ; !»lli, Samuel Gilbert, JNLartin ,1. Heaty ;
KUii, li. G. Kii3; ;2:M, .Toiui 8. Jioni:;; .Tune 27tli, Peter Benedict; Aug.
1st, John Sweeney; Sept. IDlii, John H. Williams; Oct. lOMi, S. C. Putter;
2Uh, Leonani Waller; Nov. lUh, Flenry Moore; 21fit, Levi Pickle; SHth,
D. M. Eiker; Dec. 2filh, Abraham St.oner, F. .1. Filbert; -Tan. Ifitli, 1SH',
C. Auj^ustus Smith; Feb. 27th, Geo. ,T. Jialsley, Tetcr Doch ; March (ith,
Samuel Secrist; l:]th, Daniel Patter; April -Id, .Tohn Beck; 17th, .Tacob
C. Sccrist, James A. Cook; Au?'. 28, Geo. A. Poole; Sept. 2.'ith, Hugh
Logan; Nov. l:)tli, Peter Grumbine; 27th, Jacob Brenneman, Jr.; Dec.
2.-)ih, Noah Sneider; Jan. Ist, ISrjO, John M. Winders, Jas. IL Clayton;
ir.th, Edward C. Brown; Feb. 25Lh, 1851, W. L. Hamilton, John
Grove; March 4th, liobert C. Flemminf,^ ; 2oth. Anthony Kunkle; April
1st, Thos. N. Ilerr, Geo. S. Wight; 8th, John Miller; June 10th, Abra-
ham Barr; Sept. oOth, W^ R. Kreps; March 2d, 1852, L. F, McComas;
Kith, John Withers; June 8th, John Q. Schwartz; Feb. 4th, 185-3, AV.
G. Smith; 15th, Ephriam Sellers; March 1st, Wm. Marshall; July 12th,
1853, Adam Dysert ; Aug. 2d, Jerome Beaver; Oct. 18th, J. G. Grumbine,
Henry Walter; Jan. lOib, 1854, Author Bennett; April 18th, D. S. Gor-
don,; Sept. 12ih, Geo. Stitzel; Oct. 17th, David Shoop. Dec. 2Gth, J. P.
VonStine; Feb. 13th, 1855, Jeremiah Cooper; Aug. 21st, Samuel
Hawker; April 23d, 185G, E. S. Troxel; May 13th, Chas. Gordon; Dec.
!)th, Felix J. Troxel, Samuel ]\Iorehead ; June 9th, 1857, Marks Feilheimer ;
July 14th, Jos. C. Clugston; Dec. 1st, E. A. Herring; Feb. 2d, 1858,
Joseph W. Miller ; March 30th, J. P. Waggoner ; June 1st, Jacob Swank ;'
March 1st, 1850, W. F. Grove, Henry Dreyfoos, Geo. Stover; April 19th,
F. Dougherty; Oct. 23d, 18G0, Samuel Bitter; Dec. 17th, 18G1, A. A.
Lechlider; Jan. 7th, 18G2, F, Forthman; 14th, .Tos. H. Gilber, Sr.,
Henry Nuger; 28th, Eli Litle; Feb. 11th, H. F. Stover; 25th, Wm.
Crilley ; April 23d, Philip Weisner; 29th, C. A. Bilde; July 15th, J. H.
Welsh; 22d, J. R. Wolfersberger ; Feb. 17th, 18G3, P. Dock, Wm. A.
Strealy; Feb. 2d, 18fi4, Henry P. Litle; Dec. 12th, 18G5, J. A. Royer:
Jan. 10th, 18GG, G. F. Lidy; 23d, Harry C. Gilbert; 27tb, J. F. Remm-
ger, "VV. A. Price; March 13th, Jeremiah j\L Cooper; Aug. 7th, John W.
Bryson; 14th, Reuben Shoner, David J. Rhea; Jan. 15th, 18G7, Samuel J.
Lecrone ; Feb. 12th, A. Burhman, L. D. French, Geo. AV. Mowen, Geo.
G. Pilkington ; April Olh, Daniel Snively ; May 2l3t, Joseph Woolard ;
23th, Jacob Hoover; Aug. 20th, Chas. it Dickie, John H. Miller; Nov.
12th, Jos. Douglas, J. Ji. Russell; 26th, D. II. Ilafleigh, Jos. Walter,
Lewis M. Leismycr; Dec. 3d, J. B. Brenneman; Jan. 7th, 18G8, W. R.
Zeigler, J. L. Meredith; 28th, H. Dutrow; April 7th, R. C. Mullen; May
5th, J. 11. Crilley; 19th, W. A. Foltz; June 2d, J. M. Ripple; May 28th,
Emanuel Robinson: Sept. 15th, B. F. Burger; Jan. 5th, 18G9, C. M.
Stroader; 12th, AV. .1. Bikle, J. Sheise; Feb. 9th, Francis Robinson, Wm.
A. Haustine; March 9th, John H. Harris; April 20th, David Izer; May
35th, Geo. W. Keagy, Samuel Miller; June 22d, Chas. Cooke Jason Bell;
July 20th, Alfred ^Burhman; Oct. 19th, L. C. Brackbill ; 2Gth, Samuel
Kuhns; Nov. 9lli, Upton M. Bell; IGth, John H. Gehr, Franklin Bender;
Jan. 4th, 1870, A. D. iMorganthall ; June 7th, W. H. Crouse; 28th, A. A.
French; July 2Gth, U. H. Balsley; Aug. 23d, J. W. Sourbeck ; 30th,
Henry Stoner, Samuel C. Miller; Sept. 26th, Geo. J. Balsley, -Jr., W. O.
P. Hammond; Oct., 4th, .Jacob H. Brown; 18th, Jno. F, Beckner; 25th,
David M. Minor; Dec. 27th, Theo. G. Dock; Jan. 3d, 1871, Daniel
Gilbert; 17th, H. S. Rider; 24th, Geo. W. Wood; 31st, Geo. Snively; April
4th, Lewis W. Detrick: 11th, Samuel Neowcomer; 18th, Geo. M. D.
Bell; 25th, A. H. Stonnhonse; June Gth, T. C. Resser; July 4th, J. M.
Appendix. 277
Lecrone; 11th, D. F. Rozer; Aug. 29tb, J. P. Lowell, A. N. Russell;
Sept. 19tli, T. R. Qilland, J. O. Gilland. J. McDowell; Oct. 3d, J. Mor-
ganthall; Blet, G. W. Baughman, Barton Manuel, F. J. Wolf; Jan. 23d,
1872, Philip Wolf; April 2d, S. R. Frantz; 30th, G. B. Resser, W. B.
Dock; June 4th, Geo. B. Beaver; Dec. 17th, J. Aliver Besore; Jan. 14th,
1873, M. M. Gilland; March 4th, J. M. Wolf; 11th, C. G. Frantz; 25th,
J. H. Gilbert, Jr.; May 18th, Samuel Johnston, June 17th, Geo. H.
Russell ; Oct. 7th, David A. Miller, Jno. McDowell ; Feb. 3d, 1874, A.
O. Frick; Jan. 30th, 1875, Samuel G. Horner; Feb. 9th, A, E. Canode,
D. S. Barnhart; 16th, D. J. Binkley, D. E. Stine; 23d, C. F. Bell; March
2d, Jacob Craly, B. F. Snyder; Sept. 7th, V. C. Bell; Nov, 30th, M. L.
Rowe, R. W. Price; May 23d, Charles Sprenkle; June 6th, Lewis
Sneider.
"ANTIETAM HOME," DR. I. N. BNIVELY, PROPRIETOR,
This attractive place was the residence of the late Abraham Barr, who
purchased it from Mr. Jacob Funk, October Slst, 1848. It being part of
the real estate of which John Funk, father of the said Jacob, died
possessed, having inherited it from his father, John Funk, Sr. A consid-
erable portion of this tract was, prior to the establishment of Mason
& Dixon's line, in Maryland, as is shown by a patent deed made by the
Right Honorable Lord, proprietor of the late province of Maryland, bear-
ing date the tenth day of August, A. D. 1753, to a certain Jacob Gans,
who deeded the same to John Miller on the 22d day of June, A. D. 1784.
About three acres arc still in the State of Maryland; the balance, 212
acres, are in Washington township, Franklin County, Pa., two miles due
south of Waynesboro, on the Maryland line, while that beautiful
stream, the now historic Antietam, flows through it, watering its rich
meadows. It is supplied with three excellent springs of cold water, and
quite near the house there is a good water power. The land is diversified
in its character, being limestone, sandstone and soapstone. Having an
abundance of first-class material for lime, it is not a matter of surprise
that it is in good condition and very productive.
Dr. Isaac Newton Snively is one of the lineal descendents of John
Jacob Schnebele, who emigrated from Switzerland to Lancaster County,
in the Province of Pennsylvania, about the year 1707. He was naturalized
in Philadelphia, October 14th, A. D. 1729, in the third year of the
reign of King George the II, and died at the age of eighty-four years.
His son, Jacob Schnebele, was born A. D. 1694, and died August 24th,
A. D, 1766, in his seventy-second year. He had two sons by his first wife.
The second was Christian Schnebele, who was born August 15lh, A. D.
1731, and died March 16th, 1795, in his sixty-fifth year. He was married to
Miss Margaret Washabaugh about the year 17G1. He had eight children.
His second child, *John Schnebele, (grandfather to Dr. Snively), was
born February 25th, A. D. 1766, He was married to Miss Anna Hege,
(grandmother to the Doctor), October 24th, A. D. 1794, and died in July,
1844, in his seventy -ninth year. His wife, Anna, died August 17th, A.
D. 1852, in her seventy-seventh year. Anna Hege was one of the de-
scendents of Hans Ha^gy, who emigrated from Switzerland, in
Schauffhausen, near Zweibruken, at Ebersten Hoff, to the American colo-
nies, which are now the United States. With Hans Haggy came his
brother-in law, Hans Leaman. They had families, and brought with them
Henry Lesher and two of his sisters, orphan children. Henry was six-
teen years of age. These parties being related and of the same neighbor.
*The name Snively was originally Schnebele.
"^78 Appendix.
hood emigrated together. Filty-tliree families, numbering in all two
hundred persona arrived at this lime. They came over in the ship James
Goodwill, David Crocket, Captain, from Rotterdam, and landed at J'liila-
delphia, Pa., ^^eptcmber 2fllii, A. I). 1727, where they -Tcre required to
repeat and sign the following declaration: "We, sub3cril)ers, natives and
late inhabitants of the Palatinate upon the Rhine and places adjacent, liav-
ing transported ourselves and families into this Province of Pcneilvanin,
a Colony subject to the Crown of Great Britian, in hopes and expectations
of finding a Retreat and peacable Settlement therein. Do solemnly pro-
mise and engage, that we will be faithful aad bear true Allegiance to his
present Majesty King George The Second, and his Successors Kings of
Great Britain, and will l)e faithful to the Proprietor of this province; And
that we will demean ourselves peacably to all Ilis said Majesties Subjects
and strictly observe and conform to the Laws of England and of this Pro-
vince, to the utmost of our Power and best ot our understanding." (See
"Colonial Records," vol. Ill, page 28o and 284, Sept. 2l8t and 27th, 1727).
From Philadelphia they went to Rapho township, Lancaster county, Pa.,
near Manheim, where they settled. Hans Ilaggy had a son John who was
married to Miss Elizabeth Pealman, and lived near Bridgeport, Franklin
county. Pa. His third child. Christian Haggy, was born in 1751, and died
May 13th, A. D. 1815. His wife was Mariah Stouffer. They had four
children. The eldest was Anna Hege,-' grandmother to the Doctor on his
fathers' 8 side.
John Snively (Doctor Snively's father) was born near Qreencastle,
Franklin county. Pa., January 12th, 1791), on the ancestral homestead
now occupied by his brother Jacob's family, and farmed by his nephew,
Benjamin F. Snively, Esq. This farm is a portion of the original tract
patented by the original John Jacob Schnebele family in the days of the
Penns, and has been handed down from father to son for over a century
and a half. He was niirried to Miss Catharine Keefer, daughter of the
late Jacob Keefer near Marion, Franklin county, Pa., who moved here
from Lancaster county. John Snively died March 4th, A. D. 1853, in
liis fifty-fifth year; his wife, Catharine, was born in Lancaster county.
Pa., August 22d, 1803, and died September oOth, 1854, in her fifty-third
year. John Snively had seven children, four sons are living, three of
whom are physicians. The eldest, John K. Snively, is a farmer residing
on the old homestead near Jackson Hall, Franklin county. Pa. The sec-
ond is Dr. I. N. Snively. The third is Dr. Samuel K. Snively of Wil-
liamsport, Md. The fourth is Dr. Andrew J, Snively of Hanover, ,York
county. Pa. Dr. Isaac N. Snively was born near Jackson Hall, Franklin
county. Pa., February 23d, 1839, where he spent his early life upon his
father's farm, assisting in the various farm duties during the summer
months, and attending the public schools during the winter. At the age of
fourteen he was left an orphan, and started out in quest of em-
ployment. Arriving in Chambcrsburg he entered the store of
Hutz & Son as salesman, with his cousin, John P. Keefer, who
very kindly gave him access to his fine library. He soon ac-
quired a fondness for books whicu disqualified him for the duties of a
clerkship, and he withdrew to enter the Fayetteviile Academy, then un-
der the supervision of the Rey. Mr. Kennedy. From here he returned to
Chambersburg and entered the private classical school of that noted
teacher, the late Thomas J. Harris, in whose school he for a short time
was assistant, and afterward taught in the public schools and took an ac-
tive part in the Franklin County Teachers' Association. In 1857, he
graduated at Duff's Commercial College of Pittsburg, Pa. In 1858, whilst
*Tlio orii^inal waf IFaRKy now si)r'I!oil llrco.
Appendix. 279
teaching the Mt. Vernon school near Waynesboro, Pa., he commenced
the study of Anatomy with Dr. Benjamin Frantz. In the spring of 1859,
he became a pupil of the late Dr, John C. Richards of Chambersburg, l-'a.,
and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia in 1863.
He commenced the practica of medicine in Chambersburg, and in 1863,
when the Confederate army invaded our state, he went to Harrisburg be-
fore the State Medical Board, and after passing the required examination,
was commissioned hy the Governor of Pennsylvania, as assistant Surgeon,
his commission bearing date June 20th, 1863. He was assigned by Dr.
King, Surgeon General of Pennsylvania, to duty at Camp Curtin. He
became acting Surgeon of the 20th Pa. Reg., Col. Wm. B. Thomas com-
manding. He allowed himself to be mustered out of service with this
regiment and returned to Chambersburg, where he associated himself in
the practice of his profession with his late preceptor. Dr. J. C. Richards.
Besides their regular practice they had charge of the Town Hall Hospital.
September 8th, 18G3, the Surgeon General of Pennsylvania sent him a
commission, assigning him to the 155th Regiment, Pa. Vol., then en-
camped at Beverly Ford, Va., Maj. Ewing commanding. He declined
this as well as a lucrative appointment on the Pacific Coast in a Marine
Hospital, preferring to continue in the practice with Dr. Richards. De-
cember 24th, 1863, he was married to Miss Alice B. Barr, daugnter of the
late Abraham Barr, esq., near Waynesboro, Pa. They moved in the
(lawyer) Smith property on Main Street, where, July 30th, 1864, they lost
all their personal property (not even saving their ward-robes) through the
burning of the town by the rebel hordes. The Doctor being out of town
at the time, his wife barely escaped the flames of the burning building.
Left destitute, in less than a week he was found on duty in the U. S.
Army General Hospital, Beverly, New Jersey. He continued on duty here
until the war was about closing, when he resigned to take the place of Dr.
James Brotherton, Jr., of Waynesboro, Pa., who had lately died, where
he has enjoyed a lucrative practice ever since. He was one of the founders
of the present Medical Society of Franklin county. Pa., and was President
of that society in 1874.
KESIDENCE OF EDWIN A. HEKING, M. D. WAYNESBOKO, FllANKLIN
COUNTY, PA.
This dwelling, which is a two story brick one, and is 30 feet long by 2G
wide, was erected by the late Alexander Hamilton, in the year 1851.
Having been purchased by its present occupant, it was remodled in 1868.
It is located o.n East Main street, and is a good representative of the char-
acter of the buildings in the thriving town of Waynesboro. Dr. Bering,
who has met with marked success in his calling as a physician, is a native
of Frederick County, Md. His paternal ancestory were Germans. His
great grandfather and grandfather, both of whom had the surname Henry,
were born near Basil, Switzerland. His grandfather visited this country
in the year 1791, and being greatly delighted with the western world, re-
turned to his native place and persuaded his father and his brother, with
his family, to emigrate to America with him. This they did in the year
1793. They purchased a large tract of land at Beaverdam, in Frederick
County, Md., and built a flour mill, as well as a saw mill, where for many
years they and their descendents conducted a successful business. These
mills arc still in active operation. Henry Hering, Sr., died about the
year 1810. The younger Henry married Mary, daughter of Rev. Daniel
Sayler, of Frederick County, in 1799, and died in 1829. His wife sur-
v'we'i. him .uatil Feb. 7ih, 1873, jbaving reached, within a few weeks the
380 Appendix.
advanced age of 1)8 years, and was a woman of remarkable mental and
bodily vigor. Her father, Rev. Daniel Sayler, who was l)orn in Lancas-
ter County, in 1750, and who acquired the homestead established by his
father, Daniel Sayler, Sr., in 1760, died in 1840, at the age of 00 years.
His father, Daniel Sayler, who was also a German, emigrated to this
country with his family in the year 1743, and was compelled to consign
some of his children to a watery grave whilst crossing the ocean.
Daniel S. Hering, father of Dr. Hering, was born at Beaverdam, March
Gth, 1800. He married Margaret Orr, daughter of Joseph Orr, of Sam's
Creek, Carroll County, Md. Her father was an American by birth, but
was of Irish parents, who came to this country before the Revolutionary
war. Daniel S. Hering died in 1876, having been bereft of his wife Mar-
garet in I860. His family was very large, so large that, although he was
enabled to bring them up comfortably, he did not possess the means to
provide each one with a liberal education, but he did succeed in giving
them that which was next best, a thorough training in the way of indus-
try and an ambition to become the architects of their own fortunes. Dr.
H. having early acquired a fondness for the medical profession, but know-
ing the great barriers in the way determined that by dint ot industry and
perseverance he would reach the goal of his ambition. Applying himself
for 3 or 4 years to a laboiious business, he realized sufficient means to en-
able him to enter upon his studies. His preliminary course was conducted
at Mountain View Academy, and in 1853 he entered the office of Dr. Sid-
well in JohnsviUe, Frederick county, Md., and in 1854, became an office
student of Prof. Miltenberger of Baltimore. He graduated from the Uni-
versity of Maryland, March Gth, 1855. He located first in Frederick
county, Md.. where he continued for two and a half years, when he re-
moved to his present location in October, 1857. On the 19th of April, 1864,
be married Frances M., youngest daughter of the lato Alexander Hamil-
ton. His family is not as numerous as was that of his father, as he has
but two children, a son and daughter.
FAKJI AND RESIDENCE OF COL. WM. D. DIXON.
Animated by the same spirit of enterprise that actuated his neighbor,
John Croft, Esq. , Col. Dixon has made his place noted for its production
of fine cattle and hogs. Those that are represented in the sketch are of
the purest breeds that intelligence and money could procure. The bull is
called "Doubie Duke the 3rd." He is nearly pure "Duchess," with a dash
of Oxford" blood, and was bred by Jonathan Tallcott, of Rome, Oneida
county, N. Y. The hogs are known as the "Duroc" breed, and are
greatly celebrated for their rapid development when being fed for the
slaughter. They were bred by the Hon. Wm. Holmes, of Greenwich,
Washington county, N. Y., and are the only ones, of this strain, south-
west of N. Y. City. John Dixon, the greatgrandfatherof theCol., was of
the house of Argyle, and was born on the north-west coast of Scotlanl.
On account ot political troublee he was compelled to leave, with the bal-
ance of the family, in the year 1690, at the age of 15 years. They fled to
the North of Ireland, in order to keep out of the way of the friends of
King James II., and about the year 1693, he came to this country, land-
ing at Philadelphia, where he remained for some time. From thence he
went to Donegal Meeting House in Lancaster county, from there to Car-
lisle, then to Shippensburg, and finally in 1737, he located at the place
where the buildings in our illustration now stand. He had seven sons.
William, the grandfather of Qol. Dixon was born at this place, and at the
age of seven years he was captured by the Indians and retained in their
Appendix. 281
custody for eleveu weeks, u good part of the time in a cave on au adjoin-
ing farm, now owned by Jacob Bittner. Tlirougli the humanity of an old
squaw be was returned to his parents, and because' of the kindness shown
her on different occasions, she warned the family to leave for a safer place,
for the Indians, who had gone away to hold a great council, intended to
return in two moons and slaughter all the whites. The family took the
warning and went back to Carlisle, where they remained tor about three
years. William Dixon was a Sergeant in Col. Eoquet's command, and
served to the end of the campaign. He was Avith Maj. Dunwoodie in the
massacre, and was one of the three that escaped to Fort Loudon. The
remainder, with the Maj., were all killed and scalped. He also joined a
company, that was raised in the county, at the commencement of the war
for Independence, and was made ensign of his regiment, which position
he retained until the end of the war, having declined frequent offers of
promotion, preferring rather to have charge of the colors. Wm. Dixon
iiad four brothers in the army, one was killed at the battle of Monmouth,
one at the battle of Brandy wine, one was killed by the Indians near the
junction of the two Conococheagues, and the other one died from the
effects of a bath taken in the Yellow-Britches Creek, whilst on his way
home, from the arm J"-, after his discharge at the close of the war. The wife
ofWm. Dixon was Nancy Dunlap, an aunt of James Dunlap, author of
Purdon's Digest. Col. Wm. Dunlap Dixon was married to Martha,
daughter of the late Wm. Gillau Esq, in June 1855. They have two
children, one son and one daughter. The upper half of the place on which
he resides came into his possession as heir at law, and the lower part by
purchase. He acquired his military title, not in the way that many old
time militia men "had greatness thrust upon them," but by actual and
faithful service and promotion, in the 6th Regiment of Pa. Res. in the
great war of the Rebellion. His commission as Capt., of Co. D bears
date April 34th, 18G1. As Lieut. Col. Sept. 12th, 18G3. Brev. Col. and
Brev. Brig. Gen. Mar. I3th, 18G5. And he was mustered out with his
Regiment, June 11th 1864.
SPUING DALE FAllM.
Spring Dale Farm is pleasantly located, about one quarter of u mile
south-east of Waynesboro. This farm is a part of the original tract of
lands of Thomas Wallace, sold August 2Gth, A. D. 1828, to John Wallace
as by deed of conveyance made by Daniel Royer, administrator of Thos.
Wallace, December 22d, A. D. 1835, and by John Wallace to John Clay-
ton by deed of conveyance made April Gth, A. D. 1837. At the death
of John Clayton, taken by James H. Clayton, at the valuation and
appraisment, as the eldest son and tieir at law, and sold to George Besorc
by deed of conveyance made April ord, A. D. 1855, and which at the
death of George Besore, descended to his daughter, Mrs. Dr. A. H.
Strickler, in whose possession it still remains. This farm contains one
hundred and thirty acres, is of the best quality of limestone land, is in an
excellent state of cultivation, and very productive. The large brick
mansion was built by Mr. George Besore, in the year 185G. He resided in
Waynesboro and never lived on the farm. This is one of the most attrac-
tive and most desirable properties in Washington Township, having a
beautiful spring of never failing water close by the dwelling.
KECOJll) OF THE STKICKLEK FAMILY.
The Stricklers of this county are of German or Swiss descent. Their
ancestors came across the waters dt a very early period. The name is
283 Appendix.
found in all parts of Pennsylvania, in parts of Ohio, Illinois, Iowa, and
Virginia. Henry Strickler was the first of the name who located in
Franklin County. He came from York County, near the Lancaster
County line, at Columbia, in the year 1807, and settled near Grecncastle.
Not many years afterward all the children (except David) of his brother
Josepli, near Marietta, Lancaster County, followed and settled in this
county. Their names Avere Samuel, Joseph, Henry, Benjarain and Eliza.
Henry afterward moved to Ohio, Samuel, Jacob and Benjamin to Illinois.
Eliza remained here and now resides in Mercersburg.
The names of the ciiildren of the Henry Strickler who tirstcame to lliis
county, were Martha, Elizabeth, Henry, Joseph, Barbara, Susan, Mary
and Sarah. Martha never came to the county. Babara went from here
to Ohio, Henry, Mary and Sarah to Illinois, and Susan to Cumberland
County. Joseph resided near Greencastle during his lifetime. Ilcur}'-
married Mary Price, near Waynesboro. His children were Jacob, Nancy,
Susan, Henry, Abraham, Catharine, Mary, Hannah and Joseph. All
these have gone to Illinois except Jacob, who lives near Chambersburg.
Joseph Strickler, who lived near Greencastle during his lifetime, mar-
r'cd Mary Snively. His children were Snively, Henry, Joseph B., and
Abraham H. Snively was a lawyer by profession, practiced law in
Chambersburg for a number of years, published the leading Republican
newspaper of the county, the Rcjwsitory ^- Transcriiit, (now the Reposi-
tory) lor a short time. Afterwards moved to Greencastle, and is now
deceased. Henry graduated at Eastman's Commercial College, at Pough-
keepsie, N. Y., was a Sergeant in ihe 12Gth llegiment Pennsylvania
Volunteers, in the war against the Rebellion, Avas severely wounded at
the battle of Fredericksburg, Va., in December 18G2, and was ejected and
served two terms as Register and Recorder of Franklin County. He is
now Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue and resides in Chambersburg.
Joseph B. followed merchandising in Grecncastle for some j^ears, was
a let Lieutenant in the 2d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteersat the com-
mencement of the war against the Rebellion, moved to Nemaha County,
Nebraska, in 1872, and is now farming.
Dr. Abraham H. graduated at the College of New Jersey, Princeton, in
1803, graduated at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York
City, in 18G0, and now resides in Waynesboro, prominently engaged in
the practice of medicine.
Dr. A. H. Strickler married Clara Anna, only child and daughter of
George and Eliza Besore, of Waynesboro'. They have one child^ Harry
Clark, now three years old.
George Besore, the father of Mrs. Strickler, doscendsd from an old
Hucuenoiic family. The name was originaly La Basseur. He was born
in Washington Township, Franklin County in the year 1799, and during
the greater part of liis lifetime resided in Waynesboro'. He married
Eliza Snively, and is now deceased, having died August IGth, 1871,
George Besore was well known as one of the strong pillars in the
Reformed Churcli. Nature made him a man , Grace, a Christian Disciple.
Me was a ruling elder in the Church, an office which he held for
upwards of forty years. As a public man he was well known in tiie
Eastern Synod of the Reformed Church in the United States. He held
during his lifetime|varioii3 positions of trust in the Church, and had frcqucnl
overtures to accept political honors, to which he never consented- With
his brother Jacob, of blessed memory, who died in Baltimore many years
ago, and Daniel (!rouse, George Harbaugh, Sr., and a few others, he lirsl
moved in tlie building of a Reformed Church in Waynesboro. Tliis was
a log structure and was erected on the gite of the present church,
Appendix. 283
and "vvas consecrated May 20th, 1827. It gave place to a brick
building, which was dedicated to the worship of God June 21st, ]8o4, and
was subsequently enlarged to meet the Avants of the congregation. In
1871 the old brick church was lorn down and the present stately edifice
erected in its stead. The ceremony of consecration was performed Dec.
24th, 1871. Thus did Elder Besore, for the third time, render efficient
aid in building, enlarging and rebuilding the liouse of God. He was
prominent in the organization of the first Sunday School in the town,
which occurred on the 10th, day of August, 1834. Of this school he was
superintendent during its entire existence, within his lifetime, with the
exception of an interval of a few years. The following is from his own
pen. "The school had been started upon Union principles, teachers and
scholars were received into the school from all denominations of Chris-
tians. The school was however all the time imder German Reformed
influence, and principally made up of German Reformed material. In the
course of live years from its commencement the Lutheran members with-
drew and organized a Lutheran School, a few years later the Methodists
withdrew and formed a Methodist School, and several years afterward
the Presbyterians also withdrew and organized a Presbyterian School."
From this original school have gone forth some fifteen or more ministers
of the gospel. Among these we can now recall the following: Revs.
Henry Ilarbaugh, D. D., Samuel Gaus, D. D., G. B. Russell, D. D., C.
C. Russell, Joseph H. Johnston, A. C. Whitmer, Geo. H. Johnston and
S . S. Miller. Besides these there are several m other denominations.
Elder Besore was in a certain sense proud of his school. In the erec-
tion of the Theological Seminary at Mercer sburg, he served on the build-
ing committee. He was long a member of the board of trustees of the
Seminary, of the board of visitors, and Treasurer of the Seminary funds,
also a member of the board of trustees of the College at Mercersburg,
and afterwards at Lancaster. lie was a staunch friend of the Reformed
Church printing establishment in its years of embarrassment. He was
frequently a delegate to represent the charge in the Classis, and from
Classis to the Synod, in Avhich capacity he served on many prominent
committees, and took an active part in some of the most important debates
before the Church.
"fAIIMEK'S delight" S. W. SOLENBEEGEK PKOrRIETOK.
This very elegant and productive farm, well meriting the name by
which it is .known, is located in Guilford Township, seven miles south-
east of Chambersburg and within convenient distance to Fayettevillc
station on the Mont Alto R. R. Its original owner was a member of the
great Smith family but not the ubiquitous John. His name was Henry
and the precise time at which he located this tract is unknown. But on
the iOth day of June in the year 1762 it was purchased by John Cowdeu
and Avas disposed of by his executors, John Andrews and John Reynolds,
to John and ]\Iartin Wingcrt. At that time it contained 461 acres and
was by them divided, Martin taking the upper tract and John the lower.
Martin's portion at that time received the name of "Farmers Hope"
Avhilst the original name, "Farmer's Delight," was retained by John.
This portion passed into the hands of the heirs of its OAvncr about the
year 1812 and was again divided between John Jr. and his brother
Jacob. John acquiring the southern portion and Jacob the northern cacli
having 150 acres. In the year 1812, by the last Avill and testament of
Joliu Wingcrt, John Sullenberger, his son-in-law, came into possession
of the property and he retained it until 1863 when it became the property
384 AppenilU'.
of Ilia son, the geutleman, who so successfully couducts its management,
in all of its details. The buildings which consisted of a log house 30 by
155 feet, and a bank barn 00 by 40 feet built of stone and brick, were
erected in the year 1814 by John Wingert. The barn which is in an ex-
cellent state of preservation, is the one represented in our sketch. The
house was however remodled by its present owner in 1868. As it now
stands it is of brick 50 by 30 feet 3^- stories high and contains all the
modern convenieirces that add so much to the comfort of a country home.
The barn although very capacious does not meet the requirements of this
very productive place, notwithstanding the fact that 30 acres are still
covered with a fine growth of first class timber. The farm land which is
rolling, every foot of which can be put to good use, is of a heavy lime-
stone cnaracter, and as the thrift of Mr. S. has fully proven, is well
adapted to the cultivation of every variety of grain and the successful
rearing of stock of all kinds. By means of a Stover ;Wind Engine, his
fine herd of cattle, as well as his noble looking farm houses, are supplied
witn the purest of water, from a never failing well, which is conveyed by
means of pipes to proper receptacles at the barn. The enclosures of the
fertile fields on this place are first class, consisting of fences of locust
posts and chestnut rails, as well as living fences of osage orange, which,
with Mr. S. has been a decided success. To give an idea of the capacity
of this valuable homestead, we will state that it has produced, in one year
as much as 1500 bushels of wheat, oOOO bushels of corn in the ear, 80 tons
of hay and 150 bushels of potatoes. The product of his dairy, Avhich is
supplied by 8 or 10 fine short horned cows is very large, and the butter,
which is of first quality, is sent direct to Washington D. C. where it com-
mands the highest price in the market. The orchard is supplied by 500
bearing apple trees, 150 choice pear trees and the vineyard contains 200
vines of the finest varieties of grapes. Of small fruits he has a profusion.
His apiary consists of betwee'n 40 and 50 skeps of pure bred Italian bees,
and its yield in one year has been as high as GOO lbs of honey. Mr. S.
married Lizzie a daughter of JacobDeardofi'in the year 18G3 and if home
surroundings, together with the means to perfect them, are all that are
required to make people happy, certainly the occupants of this home
should be content.
IlESIDENCE OF DA.NIEL HOOVEll, WAYKESliOKO, FliANKLIK CO. PA.
The house represented in our sketch was built by Mr. J. J. Ervininl853
and was occupied by Mr. Hoover in Oct. 1866, at which lime it was owned
by Mrs. Margaret Kreps. Jan. 1871 it was purchased by its present
owner who put it in complete repair in 1873. Daniel Hoover born Oct.
19lh, 1833, is a son of David and Elizabeth Hoover who still reside iu
district No. D in Washington Co. Md., about two miles from Lcitersburg,
on a farm purchased by them 48 or 50 years ago. His grandfather's
name was Christian Hoover. David H. father of Daniel was born in the
year 1796 near Graceham, Frederick County Md. and is the only surviv-
ing member of his family, being nearly 83 years old. His wife Elizabeth,
a daughter of David Zentmyer, was born in 1803 near llarbaugh's church
on Mason's & Dixon's line at the foot of the South Mountain — wcstside —
where her father had been engaged in farming for many years. She haa
a brother and sister, Jacob and Barbara, still living near the old home,
and one brother John, living near Huntingdon, Pa. K.i the age of 33
years Daniel Hoover left the parental roof and started out in lil'e for him-
self. The Geiser Separator was, at that time, in its infancy, and the origin-
al inventor, Peter Geiser having married Mary, sister of Mr. H. he took au
Appendix. 285
interest in the new machine and bought one of the first that were sold, it
having been built at Smithsburg Md. by Wm. Frankinberry. He took it
to Middletown Md. and engaged in threshing during the sea3on of 1856.
After that he engaged in different pursuits, sometimes working on the
farm, traveling in the interest of the Geiser machine as agent, and again
following threshing until 1866 at which time he was married, and became
a member of the firm of Geiser, Price & Co. as a silent partner and was
employed as traveling agent. In January 1868 he bought one half of J,
F. Oiler's interest in the firm and in Jan. 1869 they secured a charter and
became an incorporated organization. From which time until Oct. 1870
he was engaged as traveling agent. From that time until 1874 he occu-
pied various important and responsible positions in the company.
Since then, with the exception of 1875 he has been traveling in the inter-
est of the Company.
STORE A^'D KKSIDEKCE OF E. H. HAGEKMAN, WILLIAMSON, TA.
The parcel of ground consistmg of 1| acres, upon which these con-
venient buildings are erected is located in St. Thomas Township along the
S. P. R. R. about six miles from Mercersburg, six from Greencastle and
ten from Chambersburg. It was purchased from S. L. Hawbecker Esq.,
and the store house which is of stone two stories high, 30 by 60 feet, and
the brick dwelling, also two stories high, with a basement, 16 by 32 feet,
were built in the year 1871. The business of general merchandising was
commenced Jan. 1st. 1872. A Postoflice was established at his place
Sept. 1872. Mr. H. who was not a novice, having, prior to this, success-
fully conducted business at Hagerstown Md. has fully initiated himself
into the confidence of the community, and the prosperous trade which he
is enjoying is a sure guarantee of future prosperity.
STEAM JOB I'RINTING OFFICE OF A. G. BLAIK, WAYNESBOKO, FKAN KLIN
COUNTY, PA.
Asbury G. Blair, the proprietor of the first steam printing press in
Waynesboro, Franklin County, Pa., is the eldest son of William Blair,
Esq., editor and publisher of the Village Record.
In 1874 he commenced the book and job printing business, which
increased to such an extent as to require the use of steam. His facilities
are first-class for commercial and pamphlet printing on lowest terms. He
is established in a town where each business man seems to vie with his
neighbor in placing Waynesboro at the head of the list for enterprise in
the County.
THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OF GREENCASTLE PA.
Prior to the year 1795 the mtmbersofthe Lutheran Church of this
town had no place which they could call their own, but in connection
with the German Reformed congregation used a union structure called
the "Old Log church," which stood upon the present burying ground of
the latter denomination and was the first" house of worship erected in the
place. The corner stone of the first Lutheran church was laid, with
appropriate ceremonies, on the loth day of Sept. 1793 as is stated in a
copy of paper deposited in the stone, which document also gives the fol-
lowing names of the earlier members. Nye, Bayer, Saylor, Bashore,
Iloeflich, Gerard, Uochlerder, Simeu, Brundliuger, Zimmerman, Schaff-
380 Appendix.
ner, Klapsaddle, Wagner, Pcifer and Mann. The building was not
finiahed until 1795 when Rev- John Ruthrauff took charge and served the
congregation as iwstor, for forty years, preaching and conducting ser-
vice in the. German language. The fust English pastor. Rev- John Beck
was installed in 1831 and was succeeded by Rev. Jcr. llarpel in 183.J.
During his ministry, that is in 1837, the church building was enlarged.
Pastors succeeded in the following order ; Rev. Jacob J.Iartin 1830 ; Rev.
Peter Sahn U. D. 1810 ; Rev. Michael Eyster 184o ; Rev. Christian F.
Kuukle served as supply during part of 1850, when Rev. James M. Ilar-
kcy was duly installed as pastor. lie was followed by Rev Edward
Breidenbaugh in 1853 whose term of service was lengthened out to 13
years. Following him in 18G5 Rev. Prof. Wm. F. Eyster ; 18G9. Rev.
T. T. Everett, and in 1873 Rev. Frederick Klinefelter, the present in-
cumbent was installed. In Aug. 1874 the congregation resolved to erect
a new church edifice upon the site of the old one. The plans were drawn
by Mr. S. D. Button architect, of Philadelphia and the contract was
aAvarded to Messsr. F. & J. AVaidlich of Mercersburg. The lot is 318 by
7G feet, the building of brick, its length including tower and recess 85 feet.
The spire is 136 feet high and is covered with slate as is also the roof.
The last service in the old church was held on the 14th day of March
1875, and the first in the new lecture room was Feb- Gth 1 87G. The corner
stone having been laid June 13th 1875.
KE:5IDENCE OF KEV. J. F. OLLEK, WAYKESBOEO, FRANKLIN COUNTY, I'A.
This elegant and two a half story brick house, constructed with all the
modern improvemens, 36 by 48 feet, with a wing, having a porch its
entire length, is situated on the south side of "West Main street. It was
built by Rev. G. W. Glessner, a German Reformed Minister, who
sold it to the late Alexander Hamilton. It was purchased by Rev. Oiler
in 1870, and by him it was remodled. The lot on which it stands is 373
by 300 feet, and has a two acre field in the rear containing a thrifty apple
and peach orchard. There is also a very fine stable on the property.
Rev. J. F. Oiler was born Jan. 18th, 1835, near Waynesboro. His father,
Joseph Oiler, who was of the Catholic faith, was born Jan. 13th, 1794.
His mother, Rebecca Oiler, daughter of David Stoner, of Washington
Township, was born March 33d, 1803. Mr. J. F. Oiler was reared on a
farm, but;;at the age of 30 years he engaged in school teaching, and after-
wards, associated with Mr. Philips, under the firm name of Philips &
Oiler, he embarked in the dry goods business iji which he continued until
1853, when he left AVaynesboro and located on afarmncar Chambersburg,
Avhere he lived for six years, during which time he was elected, in 185G,
to the ministery in the German Baptist Church. After his election his
mother was also received into membership in the same church. During
his residence on this farm he lost his house with its contents by tire, after
which he took up his abode near "Hopewell Mills" in Washington Town-
ship, where he continued the pursuit of agriculture. He afterwards sold
his farm and moved to his fathers, and purchased a part of his, and con-
tinued farming until 18G1, when he moved to the village of Quincy, and
bought the Eckraau homestead and continued merchandizing with farming
until the fall of 18GG, when he, together with Daniel Geiser, J. Fahrney
and Benj. E. Price, bought the establishment noAV known as Geiser Man-
ufacturing Companya works, the style of the firm being Geiser, Price &
Co. Ho acted as financial manager until the Geiser Manufacturing Com-
pany was organized in Jan. 18G9, in which he has held important and
responsible positions. Mr. Oiler is one of the successful men of Waynes-
THE OFFICE & GRAIN SEPARATOR WORKS
WA
7"^^ ^^/«S'£/P MANUFACTURING C9
Ta^e^S^J
Appendix. '387
boro, always fayoring improvements and all that pcrtaiua to the general
good of the people. Liberal as well as enterprising, he is one of those
who remember that it is more blessed to give than to receive. He was
married July 33d, 184S, to Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob lionebreak, near
Waynesboro. Their family consita of seven children, three sons and
four daughters, viz: Joseph J., Jesse R., John B., Rel)ecca A., Sudie E.
Annie G., and Mary B.
RESIDENCE OF DANIEL GEI3ER, WAYNESBORO, FRANKLIN COUNTY PA.
This attractive and very convenient residence was built by its present
owner in the year 18G8. It is 3 stories high, constructed of brick, has a
tower attached to it, and for artistic finish and everything that goes to
make up the comfort of a home is seldom surpassed. It is located on
tlie west side of Church street, nearly opposite the Lutheran church. The
dimensions of this house are 58 by 33 feet, it is covered with tin and is
provided with two cisterns, so as to preserve the winter water for sum-
mer use. There is also a fine stable erected on the rear of the lot. Daniel
Geiser was elected President of the Geiser Manufacturing Co. at the time
of its organization in 1869 and has continued to hold the position, as well
as that of general business manager, ever since. He is a man of remark-
able energy, and his name is destined to live, in connection with the in-
valuable grain separator, which his company manufactures, for ages to
come. He was born March 11th 1834 near Smithburg Md. and was en-
gaged in farming for some years, on a place adjoining the one on which
he had been born, prior to 1860, when he came to Waynesboro and en-
tered the employment of George Frick who was then engaged in building
the famous Geiser Separator. In 1866 he became one of the firm of
Geiser, Price & Co. who procured a charter in 1869 and acquired the
corporate title of the Geiser Manufacturing Company. Mr. G. was mar-
ried Nov. 34th 1848 to Anna, daughter of John Newcomer of Washington
Co. Md. She died April 4th 1861 leaving one child named Mary-
Catherine. On Oct. 30th 1854 Mr. Geiser remarried, his second wife
Nancy, being a daughter of David Hoover of Washington Co. Md. and was
born March 5th 1837. Three children are the result of this union viz.
Chancy D., Clara E., and Norris D. John Geistr, father of Daniel, was
born Nov. 3d 1784 in Washington Co, Md. He married Mary Singer who
was born July 13th 1793. They are both dead, but have left a large family.
The names of their children were as follows, David, who died when
quite young, Susie, now deceased, Joha, Mary, these two are also dead,
Catherine, Daniel, Peter, Martin, Elizabeth deceased, David, Famuel,
Nancy and Sarah.
Peter Geiser, who was the original inventor of the Separator and whose
elegant residence is portrayed in connection with that of his brother, a
two storied mansion with finished attic, is situated on "Geiser Hill" over-
looking the town. Its dimensions are 34 by 34 feet. There is also a
summer house 33 by 17 feet, attached to the rear. The conveniences as
far as water supply to this house are only equaled by those who have
the advantage of public water works. Two cisterns, situated in the
rear of the dwelling and above the level of the ground floor furnish a
bountiful profusion of water, and by their peculiar connection through
two filters, one of sand and the other of charcoal and sand, the impurities,
that accidentally contaminate the water as it falls from the clouds, are
removed. The water can be stopped off in cistern No. 1 and by that means
the winter water is kept in No. 3 free from the summer heat. Peter
Geiser invented the self regulators for which are used on the grain sepera-
28S Appendix.
tor, now known as the "Goiser Grain Separator, Cleaner and Bagffer."
Improvements have liecn made from time to time, by Peter and Daniel
Geiser and patents liave been obtained on tlie same. Peter Geiser was born
March (>l\\ lH2fi. He was married to Mary, daughter of David Hoover of
Washington Co. Md. April 20tli 185o. She was born April ist lS%r,.
Their children eleven in number are named as follow. John A., Wm- D.,
Jas. p., Dixon H., Libbie A., D. Singer, Joseph F-, M. Mintie, Harry E.,
Elvin T., and Elsie A. K.
■WAYNKSnORO CAVES.
Near the Maryland rine,about one anda lialf miles south-east of Waynes-
boro, is a very considerable cave, and, among the many, which abound
in this portion of the county, this is probably the most extensive. This
cave lies at the northern extremity of a higb ridge, running north-east by
soutli-weet. The entrance is at the base of the ridge, and leads in a
southerly direction, being not exactly parallel, with the course of the hill
itself. The entrance of the cave is only large enough for two persona
to walk in at once, by stooping a little. On passing through the entrance
an apparent vestibule, of eay thirty feet in diameter, and fifteen to eighteen
feet high is reached. Then ascending a few steps jviut opposite the en-
trance, a defile averaging about four feet wide, and seven to nine feet
high, extends to a distance of about one hundred yards, to a clear and
beautiful stream of water, gushing up from beneath the wall of rocky
formations, on the east side of the passage. This stream then takes the
regular course of the cave, which seemingly becomes narrower, and the
water shows considerable depth.
Grossing this subterraneous stream, and clambering up a short distance
a small room is found very interesting and beautiful, being ornamented
with innumerable crystal formations — stalactites and stalagmites which
sparkle profusely, when illuminated by the light of torches, or candles.
Just over this little room there is an opening, into another passage, similar
to the first, already described, leading to a distance of perhaps one hun-
dred and thirty yards, when it becomes so narrow as to render further ex-
ploration impossible. The cave, from beginning to end, is one of much
interest. It is commonly known as "Needy's Cave."
There is also a very remarkable series of underground passages, or
miniature caves, under certain portions of the town of Waynesboro. The
entrances, into these caves, are through arches in the foundation walls of a
number of houses, of West Main Street, the south side. These arched
entrances are used in summer, as refrigerators, being made very cool by a
constant current of air from the caves. The best entrances are in the cel-
lars of Dr. J. N. Snively and Mrs. Sarah Brotherton.
Strange to say, these passages well represent the streets of a town, lead-
ing in numerous directions, and often crossing each other at right angles,
thus enabling visitors to start, at a given point, and prpceediug around
again return to the place of starting. This is done frequently.
■PARM OF DANIEL. BOKEBREAK, WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.
This fine place, of 91 acres, is located on the Antietam creek, two miles
east of Waynesboro, adjoining lands of Henry Bonebreak, father of Dan-
iel, John M. Hess, J. Frantz, and others. Its nearest railroad station is,
on the South mountain, about 3 miles distant. The land was first owned by
Henry Thomas, from whom it passed to Philip Pveed. It was purchased
Appendiv. 389
from bim by Zaobariab Allbaugb, and, in 1816, it was deeded by Allbaugh
to Conrad Bonebreak, grandfather of its present owner. In 1848 it was
aobl by the heirs of Conrad Bonebreak to Henry, one of his sons, and
father of Daniel, who in 1801 disposed of it to his son Daniel. The first
l)uildings were erected by Zachariab Allbangh. These, which consisted
of a log house, part of which was two stories high, the balance one story,
rough cast, and a small stone bank barn, remained until the years 1850 and
1800, when they were removed by Henry Bonebreak, to give place to the
present fine structures. The house, which is built of brick, with a slate
roof, is ?)0 by 50 feet, and was erected in 1859. The barn 50 by 96 feet,
also of brick, with slate roof, was built in 1860. The average yield of the
farm, is about 25 bushels wheat, and 50 of shelled corn, to the acre. It
has a fine orchard of young apple trees. It bas been well cared for in
the way of liming, the erection of necessary outbuildings, fencing, and
general repairs to property. Conrad Bonebreak was born Feb. 24th
1768, and died Nov. 11th, 1844. His wife Mary Thomas was born Feb.
0th 1764 and died July 26th, 1835. Henry Bonebreak was born July 19th
1798, and was married in Nov. 1829, to Anna, daughter of Wm. Stewart,
she was born in 1804, and died Aug. 18C2. They had 8 children, viz : Lydia,
Daniel, Catherine, Nancy, Henry, Julia A. Jacob, and Susanna. Daniel
Bonebreak was born Nov. 29th, 1832. He was married in the fall of 1857,
to Barbara A. Senger, who was born Jan. 25th, 1838, They have three
children, viz : Ida A. Edwin H. and Alice. The property of Henry Bone-
break Sr. was taken up by James McLanaban, in 1732, after which it went
into the possession of Henry Thomas, from whom it was purchased by
Conrad Bonebreak, in 1803, and is still in the Bonebreak family belonging
now to Henry B. It consists of 24 acres. The house, which is a large
and fine one, is built of stone, the barn is constructed of stone, and they
wore both erected by Conrad Bonebreak, There is also a good saw mill
and water power on this place.
MONTOOMEKY MILLS— THE PROPERTY OP F. AND S. B. SPECK.
This property is located on the west Conococheague Creek, in Mont-
gomerv Township, midway between Mercersburg and Upton, three miles
irom either place, both of which arc provided with a Postofiice. The near-
est railroad station is Mercersburg. The land upon which these buildings
are erected, was taken up, at a very early date, by a man named Shefifer.
By whom the power was first utilized, or by whom the first mill was
biiilt, is unknown, but it is presumed to have been Shefier. In 1825 the
mills were owned by William Brown, who disposed of them in 1820 to
James Reynolds, in whose possession they remained for a number of
years, and at his death he bequeathed the same to his nephew, the Rev.
Proctor. In 1859 Mr. Proctor disposed of the property to Edward Hayes,
who removed the old dwelling and built the present one in 1865. Hayes
sold to Frederick Foreman who rebuilt the mill, and added a story to it,
in 1875. The Messrs Speck purchased from Foreman in 1876, remodelling
the house and erecting the back building. The main structure, which
is of frame, is 30 by 32 feet, and there are 15 acres^f land belonging to the
property. The mills manufacture a good grade of extra and family flour,
most of which is shipped to the eastern markets. They have a capacity
of 80 barrels per 24 hours, are driven by two five foot metal turbine
wheels, under a head of 8^ feet head and full, and give employment to
from 3 to 4 hands.
2'JO AppcmUj'.
KOCK DAT.K, FUANKIJN COUNTY, PA. THE KESIDENCE OF AlHtAUAM
KIEFFEK, OF S.
This farm and residence is located in the nortU-castern part nl Peters
Townsliip, eleven miles south-west of Cliambersbnrg, live miles cast ot
Mercersbiirg, and one and a quarter miles from "Williamson Mills and
Postollice. The S. P. \\. W. runs through tliis place giving it a Hag station.
The buildings are situated on a commanding eminence, and although in
tiie country, with constant communication with the outside world, no
more desirable home need be wished for. This land wr.s held by two
warrants, the first bears date December 2d, A. D. 171'!, in favor of James
Glenn, and the second April 3d, A. D. 1787, in favor of Thomas Wason,
who died in 1803, but the land was held by his heirs, until April 1st, A.
D. 1813, when it was sold to Stephen Kieifer, by Archibald JJard, Esq.,
and John Wason, executors of the last will and testament of Thomas
Wason, dec'd. Stephen KiefFer died July 3Gth, A. D. 1S4G, and the farm
was held by his heirs until April 1st, A. D. 185o, when it was bought by
Abraham, one of his sons, and is still owned by him. The first building
was a cabin, built in 1787 by Thos. Wason, this was removed by his heir's
in 1810 and the present stone house 30 by 50 feet, which was commenced
in 1809 was finished in 1811. The log barn which was built by Thos.
Wason in 1788, was destroyed by lightning on the loth day of July, 1839,
and the present stone bank barn 45 by 90 feet was built by Stephen Kieffer
in 1830, who also, in 1833, made a frame addition to the house. The out
bnildings which were erected at different times ure in good repair. The
farm contains 35G acres, 50 of which are well covered with timber, viz:
hickory, white and black oak and locust. The soil is limestone and slate,
well adapted to grain or stock raising. It is well supplied with water,
and possesses an abundance of undeveloped iron ore. The highest pro-
duct of the farm in one year was 1,GG5 bushels of wheat, 1,400 bushels of
oats, 1,500 bushels of corn and 75 tons of hay. The lowest product was
87G bushels of wheat, 395 bushels of oats, 800 bushels of corn and 30 tons
of hay. There are two good orchards in full bearing condition on this
farm. Jacob Kieffer, the paternal grandfather of Mr. K. was a native of
Germany, and came to this country in 1740 and located in Berks County,
ten miles from the city of Picading, in Maiden Creek Valley. lie was
married to Susan Barnitt, and raised a family of four sous and one
daughter, viz: Abraham, Jacob, Stephen, Daniel and Susan. Stephen
was born Oct. 31st, 177G, and migrated to this county about the year 1807-
He married his second cousin. Miss M. M., daughter of Abraham Kiejfer,
who had settled in this county about the year 1790, but was born and
raised near Womelsdorf in the Lebanon Valley. lie was married to a
Mies Beaver. The father and maternal grandfather of the present Abraham
Kieffer were pioneer wagoners on the route between Philadelphia and
Pittsburg, and the latter," with his team, was prested into the ]>ritish
service, but made good his escape. He also fought for the independence
of his country. He died at the advanced age of 9G years and some months .
having served for many years as ruling elder of the German Reformed
Church, of which he was a prominent and exemplary member. Stephen
Kieffer died July 3Gth, 1S4G, at the age of G9 years and several months,
and his wife, who was ten years his junior, died at the age of 75 years.
They were both consistent members of the German Reformed Church,
Mr. K. having served as ruling elder for many years. The present
Abraham Kieffer married Frances A. R., daughter of Jacob Hassler, late
of Mercersburg, on the 17th of March, A. D. 1844. They have five
children now living, one son and four daughters. Two sons dead, the
Appendix. • ggl
first aad third born. Among the pioneer settlers, of this neighborhood,
we note the Sloans, the husband killed by the Indians and his wife taken
captive from this farm, also the Wasons, the Bards, the ilcCoys, the
McColloughs, the Dunlaps, the McClelands and the Ridenours. Some of
these endured great privations, and many tortures, at the hands of the
cruel savages.
TRINITY REFORIIED CHURCH, WAYNESBORO, PA.
The members of the Reformed Church residing in, and around, Way-
nesboro were originally connected with, what was then known as Besore's,
now Salem Church, located several miles west of this place, then under
the pastoral care of Rev. Jonathan Rahauser. About the year 1816,
however, the members living at Waynesboro, came to feel the need of a
congregation nearer home, and, accordingly, withdrew themselves from
the Salem Church, for the purpose of effecting an organization here.
The congregation, however, was not fully organized, and regularly
supplied with preaching, until the year 1818, when the Rev. Frederick A.
Scholl, who succeeded Rev. Mr. Rihauser at Salem, took charge of the
interest.
At this time, the congregation worshipped in what is still known as the
Union Church, on Church street, owned jointly by the Lutherans, Pres-
byterians and Reformed, each occupying the building every third Sundav
On account of some difficulty, or misunderstanding, between the three
congregations, as to the time when each was entitled to occupy the church
for divine services, and to avoid all strife, the Reformed people, in 1826,
withdrew from the Union house, and built for themselves, a small log
church, on a lot of ground donated, to the congregation by Conrad
Detterow, one of the elders of the church at that time. This new build-
ing was consecrated on the 20th of May, 1827.
Inasmuch, however, as the services in the new church were still to be
conducted excusively in the German language, whilst the children of the
Reformed people were being educated in English, a demand now arose
for services in the English language. To supply this, and thereby save
the younger members of Reformed families to the church of their fathers
It was resolved, by that portion of the membership preferin"- English
services, with the permission of Classis, to call a minister who could preach
m that language. Accordingly, in the year 1831, an effort was made, after
due deliberation, to secure the services of such a minister. The choice
fell upon Mr. G. W. Qlessner, then a student in the Theological Seminary
at York, Pa., who, after being properly licensed and ordained, com-
menced his labors here in the summer of 1831.
About this time Rev. Mr. Scholl, pastor of 'the German conerec^ation
closed his labors in the log church, and Rev. Mr. Glessner colmmenced
preaching in tnat building. The membership rapidly increasing, under
the ministry of the new pastor, it soon become evident that a larger house
of worship was needed. It was consequently resolved to build a new
church, of which the corner stone was laid in the spring of 1833, and the
buildine: completed and dedicated to the worship of God on the 21st of
June, 1834. This church was built of brick, in a neat and substantial man-
ner, with an end gallery, and its dimensions were forty by forty-six feet
On all ordinary occasions, this church was found large enough to accom-
modate those who assembled for divine worship. But on special occasions,
as the celebration of the Holy Communion, the want of more room soon
made itself felt, and hence, in the years 1839, an addition of eighteen feet
292 ' Appendix.
was bailt to tUa rear cad of it, making the building now forty feet in
widtli, by sixty-four feet in length.
The Rev. Mr. Glessner resigned the pastorate of this church, and re-
moved to another field of labor, in the spring of 1840.
The Rev. J. 11. A. Bomberger was then elected pastor, and served the
congregation from the spring of 1840, to the spring of 1845, when he also
accepted a call to labor elsewhere.
The immediate successor of Mr. Bomberger, was the Rev. Theodore
Apple, a recent graduate of the Theological Seminary, at Mercersburg, in
this county. Mr. Apple assumed the pastorate in April 1845, and resigned
in the spring of 1847.
At this time, a colony of about thirty-five or forty members, of this
church withdrew from its coanectioa, and, having organized themselves
into a separate congregatiou, built a house of worship near the residence
of Mr. George Harbaugh, father of Rev. Dr. Harbaugh, known as Har-
baugh's church.
After the resignation of Rev. Mr. Apple the congregation recalled its
former pastor, Rev. G. W. Glessner, who entered upon the duties of the
pastorate a second time, in April 1847, and resigned in April 1851.
In October of 1851, an election for pastor was held, which resulted in
the choice of Rev. H. W- Super, who commenced his labors here in
November, of the same year, and resigned in March 1854, but, alter an
absence of one year, was recalled, returning in March 1855, and closed
his labors finally in April 18G2.
The vacancy, caused by the resignation of Mr. Super, was filled by call-
ing Rev. Walter E. Krebs, who assumed charge of the congregation in
October 1862, and resigned in August 1868.
At au election for pastor, held in March, 1869, the Rev. H. H. W.
Hibshman was chosen, as successor ot Mr. Krebs. Mr. Hibshman entered
upon the duties of the pastorate in June, of the same year.
The corner-stone, of the present stately and commodious edifice, which
occupies the site of the two former buildings, was laid on the 7th of
August, 1870, and the building dedicated to the worship of God, on the
24th of December, 1871, under the name of Trinity Reformed Church of
Waynesboro.
The Second Reformed congregation, of this place, was organized on the
9th of August, 1873, by a number of persons who were previously mem-
bers of Trinity Church, but withdrew from its connection, at this time, for
the purpose of forming themselves into a separate organization. They
subsequently built, and now occupy, a very neat chapel, on Main street,
known as St. Paul's Reformed Church of Waynesboro.
The R3V. H.'H. W. Hibshman resigned the pastorate, of Trinity Church
on the 1st of October, 1877.
The present pastor, is Rev. F. F. Bahner, who assumed charge on
the 1st of December, 1877.
people's register.
The Centennial Register was first issued on the 5th day of January, 1876,
and as will be noticed, should h.ave been included in the Newspaper Article
in Mr. McCauley's History. From the beginning it has been owned and
edited by J. G, Schaff'. At the end of about'fifteen months from its first issue
the word Centennial was droped as mappropriate, and the word People^s
substituted, and it now bears the title of People^ s Register. Under many
discouragements and disadvantages, its projeotor has persevered, and is
being rewarded by a steadily increasing circulation. The main object of
the PeopWs Register is to chronicle the local news.
Appendix. 393
DKY GOODS BUSINESS HOUSE, OP JAS. P. AND J. M. WOLF, WAYNESBORO,
FRANKLIN COUNTY, TX.
Mr. James P. Wolf, the senior partner of this firm, commenced busi-
ness in Waynesboro, on the site of the present Odd Fellows Hall, in the
summer of 1868, His rapidly increasing business soon required more
extended accommodations, and the old building was made to give place
to a new and more commodious one. The present elegant room 65 feet in
length, is meeting the requirements for the present, but with a growing
reputation, for fair and honorable dealing, in a town of remarkable busi-
ness enterprise, it is possible that at some future day, even larger appart-
ments will be required. On the 15th of April, 1876, Mr. W. received into
partnership, his brother J. M. Wolf, since which time the style of the
firm, has been "Jas. P. & J. M. Wolf." They have adapted the ''cash
system," and are so greatly encouraged by the plan, that they expect to
adhere to it. These young men are of German descent, and grandsons
of David Wolf, Esq., who was born March 19th, 1765, and was married
to a Miss Catherine Butterbaugh, and located in this county, two and a
half miles south of Welsh Run, near the Maryland line, where their
father, John Wolf, Sr., was born June 8th, 1813. He was mairied to Mies
Elizabeth Zuch, May 14th, 1840. James P. Wolf, was born March 7th,
1841, and was married Jan. 7th, 1868, to Miss Alice S. Funk. He entered
the service"of his country, Oct. 34ih, 1862,. as a private in Battery "B,"
112th Reg't, Pa. Vol., 2d Artillery. Jan. 1st, 1863, he was promoted to
Corporal, July, 11th, 1864, to Serg't, Feb. 12th, 1865, to 1st Serg't, May
3d, 1865, to 2d Lieut., and was commissioned 1st Lieut., Dec. 21st, 1865.
During this time he participated in quite a number of hotly contested
engagements, in the "army of the James." And has now settled down
in the peaceful pursuit of merchandising.
DRUG STORE OF F. FORTHMAN, WAYNESBORO, PA.
The lot, now occupied bv the prominent building, of F. Forthman. on
East Main St., Waynesboro, Pa., and occupied by him, as a residence and
drug store, an engraving of which, we give in this work, was owned in
1798, by John Wallace, who sold it to Jacob Stevens, on the 35th, of May,
of the same year, and after numerous conveyances, it was sold to Sanders
Van Rensellear, on the 13th day of April, 1840, who in turn sold it to
John C. Frey, on the 10th day of May, 1844. It was afterwards sold to
John Clayton, April lltb, 1845. On April 1st, 1847, Mr. Clayton dis-
posed of it to Miss Martha Brotherton, and, by her, it was conveyed to
John R. Sellers, on July 27th, 1860, he disposing of it, to P. Forthman
on the 30th of March, 1867.
Mr. F. Forthman commenced his business career in Waynesboro, Oct.
3d, 1856, in the building opposite the one tfe now occupies, then owned
by Mr. John Gilbert, deceased . He continued in business at this place,
up to November 1867, at which time he removed to the building, erected
by him, and in which his flourishing business is carried on.
This drug house is finely located, and is one of the largest and fanest in
the county, having all the modern appliances for conducting the business
according to the latest rules of Pharmacy.
THE RESIDENCE AND FARM OF DU. JOHN S. FLICKINGER, PATH VALLEY,
FRANKLIN CO. PA.
This desirable home, and valuable landed property are situated in
!294 Appendix.
Metal Township, two miles north of Fannettsbiirg, and ten miles north
of llichmond, the terminus of the South Penn Railroad. They are in the
centre of Path Valley and in one of the loveliest spots of that beautiful
vale. The farm was originally taken up by John Elliot and Richard
Chillison, and was surveyed in pursuance of a warrant dated May 14th
1755. The old mansion liouse was frame, and is near to and east of the
Doctors present residence. This house was on the property when John
Flickinger, the grandfather of the Doctor, purchased it. The house and
barn, shown in the illustration, were built in 1855 by Joseph Flickinger,
and the former was originally shaped as an L but is now nearly square,
having been enlarged and remodled in 1875 by his son Dr. John S.
Flickinger, the present proprietor. The surroundings were also improved
at the same time. The dimensiops of the liouse 38 by 40 feet, brick,
shingle and tin roof, with upper and lower porches. The farm contains
225 acres, 50 of which are timber, consisting of locust, oak, chestnut,
maple and walnut. The land is limestone, adapted to wheat and corn,
surface generally level, except along the creek, where it is more hilly.
Three lovely springs, come laughing and gushing up here and there from
the fields, and one beautiful stream, which is shown in the illustration,
called Marsh run, bends its graceful curves through the entire farm, and
finds repose in the bosom of the grand old west Conococheague, the last
named stream turning two mills erected by Dr. Flickingers.' father-in-
law, the late John McAllen, Esq., a gentleman who was distinguished
for his enterprise and public spirit, as well as for many estimable quali-
ties of head and heart. Marsh run is full of trout, and the children of the
family readily catch them in a dip which they call a net. No minerals
have ever been developed on the property. The farm has produced In
one year as much as twelve hundred bushels of wheat, and fifteen hun-
dred bushels of corn.
Dr. John S. Flickinger is the only son of Joseph Fli ckinger who was
born near Lancaster, Pa., in 178fl, his father, John Flickinger, having
emigrated from that couniy to Franklin, and after residing a few years
near Greencastle located in Path Valley. They were of German descent.
The Doctor's mother's name was Nancy Stotler, of the vicinity of Green-
castle, said to be of French extraction, a lady of rare christian virtues, as
all testify who knew her.
The wife of Dr. John S. Flickinger, was Jennie S. McAllen, whose
ancestors were good old Scotch Irish Presbyterians of the highest respec-
tibility and merit, and occupyed a prominent position among the people
of their region. Dr. Flickinger after pursuing his studies for several
years at Marshall College, Mercersburg, Pa., commenced the study of
medicine with Dr. John C. Richards, of Chambersburg, where he re-
mained three years, graduating in medicine at Pennsylvania College,
Philadelphia, March 8th, 1850. Though inclined to go South, he yielded
to the wishes of his father and sisters (now all dead) and located at his
father's house, where he has practiced constantly for thirty-eight years,
his practice extending through Path Valley and into Huntington and
Fulton Counties. His marriage took place October ICth, 1867, and they
have two children, Joseph M., and Edith S. The property has come down
in regular descent from John Flickinger, the grandfather of the Doctor,
who purchased it from Mr. Chillison in 1707.
THE VALLEY SPIRIT NEWSPAPER.
The first number of the Valley Spirit was issued in Shippensburg,
near the close of the first week in July, 1847, by John M. Cooper and
^m
mm.
Carriage '^qr\^^ or THRUSH, PEf?L
_/^'^'St^^'
& ST0UGH,5HjppENSSUf?&, Pa.
pa^e-306.
Appendix. 295
Daniel Dechert, under the editorial management of the former. One year
thereafter — July Ist, 1848 — it was removed to Chambersburg, when
Peter S. Dechert, a brother of Daniel, was admitted to the firm. At this
time the Oumberland Valley Sentinel — originally called the Franklin
Telec/rapJi^ (in 1831, when it was started by Ruby & Hatnick,) and after-
ward changed, with a change in ownership, to the Chamhershurg Times,
and subsequently to the title above given — was the recognized organ of
the Democratic party in Franklin County. But the Valley Spirit
advanced rapidly in circulation and influence, and on the 1 st of July, 1852 ,
its proprietors purchased the Sentinel and added its material and subscrip-
tion list to that of the Valley Spirit. In 1855 Daniel Dechert withdrew
from the firm and removed to Hagerstown, Md., where he purchased an
interest in the Mail. In 1857 the paper passed into the hands of Geo. H.
Mengel & Co., a change made more for the purpose of effecting a settle-
ment of old accounts than with a view to permanency. Mr, Cooper con-
tinued to edit it, but having received an appointment in the Attorney
General's office at Washington, under Judge Black, the local department
of the paper was conducted by Dr. Wm. H. Boyle, who also contributed
at his pleasure to the general editorial columns. Early in 1860 Mr. Cooper
withdrew from the editorship, and from that time till 1863 it was edited in
all its departments by Dr. Boyle, with an occasional contribution from
Mr. Cooper.
The entire ownership of the establishment having fallen back to J. M.
Cooper and P. S. Dechert, they sold it in 1862 to H. C. Keyser and B. Y.
Hamsher, who subsequently admitted William Kennedy to their firm.
He retired in 1863, and Keyser & Hamsher continued to edit and publish
the paper, (with a brief interruption caused by the burning of the town
on the 30th of July, 1864,) till the summer of 1867, when J. M. Cooper,
Augustus Duncan and William S. Stenger became its editors and pro-
prietors, their purchase dating from the first of July in that year, thoup-h
made a month or two later. The paper was published by J, M. Cooper
& Co. from this time till July, 1869, when Mr. Cooper retired, leaving it
in the hands of Duncan & Stenger, who sold it to Joseph C. Clugston on
the 1st of June, 1876, when Mr. Cooper returned to its editorial chair.
Mr. Stenger was elected to Congress in 1874 and re-elected in 1876, and
the weight of his public and professional duties induced him to retire
from the paper.
At this date— April, 1878— Mr. Clugston remains the proprietor and
publisher, and Mr. Cooper the editor. They are cousins and natives of
the county, both of them having been born about two miles south-east of
Marion— Mr. Cooper on the 16th of January, 1823, and Mr. Clugston on
the 26th of March, 1834. Their ancestors were among the early settlers
of Pennsylvania. Robert Cooper, whose name appears in the list of
taxables in Antrim township in 1786, given in this book, was the editor's
grandfather. He was a native of Chester county and came to Franklin
before the Revolution, when about 17 years of age. John Clugston, whose
name appears in the list of taxables in Guilford township the same year,
was a greatgrandfather of both the editor and publisher. His son, Capt.
John Clugston, their grandfather, owned and lived at the Big Spring,
northeast of Brown's mill and southeast of Marion, near the close of the
first quarter of this century. Mr. Cooper is a printer and much the larger
portion of his life has been spent in that business, but Mr. Clugston,
previous to his purchase of the printing office in 1876, had been a farmer
and dealer in produce.
The Valley Spirit has been one of the most successful "country
journals" in Pennsylvania. It went upward from the start and has never
296 Appendix.
taken aay backward steps. Its circiilatioa at this time is -five hundred
higlier tlian that of any other paper in Franklin county, and its advertis-
ing and jobbing patronage is correspondingly heavy. In politics it is
Democratic, but it aims to interest its readers of all sorts, and pays particu-
lar attention to mittors of consequence to the farming community, recog-
nizing agriculture as the foundation of all the worldly prosperity enjoyed
by the people of Franklin county. The office is eligibly located ou the
north-west corner of the Diamond, opposite the front of the Court House,
and is well stocked Avith printing materials. Its presses have been run
by water-power since November 1877, when a motor invented and pitent-
od by <V. F. Eyster of Chambersburg was put in.
The Valley Spirit Building, of which an accurate view is given in
this book, is occupied on the first floor by Kindline & Gillan's Dry Goods
Store, Ludwig & Go's. Jewelry Store and Smith's Shoe Store. The
Printing OfQce occupies the second floor and part of the third, and the
remainder of the third is occupied by an A.ssociation.
FARM AND RESinENCE OP JACOU P. STOVER, ANTRIM TOAVNSHIP.
William Stover, grandfather of Jacob P. was born in Switzerland, A.
D. 1725. He migrated to Pennsylvania in 1754, and located upon a tract
of land one mile east of "Shady Grove," now owned by Wesley Kuntz.
He had seven children, viz: George, born 1748; William, born 1750;
Margaret, born 1752; Michael, born 1755; Daniel, born 1757; Jacob, born
1759; and Emanuel, born 1761. Dr. George, and Emanuel, married sisters,
the Misses Hannah and Susan Pr'ce. Their great grandfather, a half
brother of the then King of Prussia, of the House of Hapsburg, came to
this country, from Berlin, Prussia, with one child. He left Prussia
because of the war against the family. On his arrival here he located near
Waynesboro. Dr. George Stover, sold his interest in the farm given to
him and his brother Emanuel, to the latter, taking continental money in
payment, and moved to Virginia, having bought a property there, but
before he got to Virginia his money was worthless, and because of his
failure to take the land purchased there, he was thrown into prison for
debt. He had some other property, all of which he gave to effect his
release. He had the following children, John, Elizabeth, Susan, Jacob,
Polly, David, George, Catharine, Hannah, Abram, Anna, William, Sarah,
Nancy, Joseph, Emanuel, Joel, and two others that died in infancy,
making nineteen in all. Emanuel Stover at first engaged in tanning and
carried it on for some time in connection with farming. He was after-
wards engaged in distilling for many years, and died at the place upon
which he was born, A. D. 1833, aged nearly 73 years. He had five sons
and five daughters, viz: Elizabeth, Polly, Susan, John, Hannah, Jacob,
Catharine, David, Daniel and Samuel. Jacob P. Stover was born, July
9th, 1800. He married Elizabeth Emmert, locating at his present home,
purchased of James McLanahan, near Greencastle. A log house and
barn were the principal improvements, these have given place to the
present ones. The barn was built in 1819, and was considered at that
time, the best finished one in the county, but unfortunately on the 10th of
July, 1876, it, together with the entire crop and much valuable machinery,
was consumed by fire, causing a loss of about $3,000. It was rebuilt in
the fall of the same year, by Mr. Stover, who was then in the 76th year
of his age. The beautiful spring, now arranged into trout ponds, where
hundreds of the finny tribe, can be seen sporting in the sunlight, was,
until within a few years an unsightly swamp, but through th^e enterprise
of bis youngest son, J. Mitchell Stover, who is, at this time, residing on
Appendix. 397
the home place, it has been made a great source of pleasure, as well as
profit. Young Mr. Stover has also established a promising dairy trade,
and is now furnishing the people of Greencastle with a pure article of
milk. The "Stover Wind Engine" one of the greatest inventions, of
the age is manufactured at Greencastle for the Eastern States, under
the supervision of J. M. Stover, one of the partners of the "Stover Wind
Engine Co." of Freeport, 111. In our illustration, just over the barn is
seen a 12 foot engine, to which is attached a grinder, close under the
floor of the granary, and wnich receives the grain from the garner above
and discharges it, ground, into a large chop-chest beneath. This en-
gine and grinder, at a cost of about |100, prepare all the grain needed
for a large stock, at the same time, it can be arranged to draw, or pump
water from the spring, or from a well, and supply the stock with pure
fresh water, without leaving the yard. This invaluable machine has been
tested alongside of every other Wind Mill of any note in use, and has
gained great honors, at the leading State, and hundreds of County fairs,
all over the United States, and Canada for the past six years. It also
received the highest award, over all other competitors, at the Centennial
Exhibition held in 1876. To the Stover family belongs the credit, of
having produced and perfected this admirable labor-saviUjj machine, it
having evolved from the brains of Emanuel and Daniel C. Stover, elder
brothers of this family, after years of hard study. These gentlemen, who
now reside at Freeport, 111., have discovered and patented a number of
valuable features, not combined in any other wind engine in use. One
of which, now considered almost indispensable, is the application of
chilled iron antifriction balls, on which the entire weight of the engine
rests, making the action sensitive to the least change of wind, and so
quiet and steady, are its motions that after years of use it continues to do
its work, without a jolt or a jar in heavy as well as light winds.
"BELFAST" THE PKOPEKTY OF SIMON LECKON, ESQ.
This elegant place composed of parts of two large tracts, called "Bel-
fast," and "Smith's Retirement," is situated partly in Washington, and
partly in Antrim Townships, 4 miles west of Waynesboro, on the road
leading from the Waynesboro and Greencastle turnpike, to the Marsh
store, one and a half miles north of the latter place, and two miles south
of the turnpike. Greencastle is six miles distant, and is the nearest R. R.
station, nearest post office is Waynesboro. This farm was conveyed, by
warrant and order of survey," to Elias Davison bearing date Aug. 1st A.
D. 1766. By him conveyed to Henry Campbell, Feb. 21st, 1768, by Camp-
bell to James Ferris, March 12th, 1773, by Ferris back to Campbell,
Aug. 10th A. D. 1775, and, on the same date by Campbell to Gotlieb
Evert. From Evert it passed to James McNulty, Oct. 5th, 1783, and from
McNulty by deed of conveyance dated April 11th, A. D. 1794, to Daniel
Mowen, grandfather of the present owner. Patent deed obtained by
Daniel Mowen, Dec. 3d, A. D. 1 812, Book H. No. 8, page 369 .
"Smith's Retirement" was conveyed to Abram Smith by patent deed
Nov. 2d, A. D. 1785 and by him to Daniel Mowen, Feb. 2d, 1795. By
public outcry it was sold by Jacob Snively, administrator of Daniel
Mowen, dec'd, to John Lecron, Sept. 27th, A. D. 1824, and by deed of
conveyance dated March 4th, A. D. 1851, by him to his son Simon, the
present owner. The first buildings, which consisted of a small log shanty
and log stable, were erected by Campbell, about 1769 or 1770. In 1802
or 1803, these were removed by Daniel Mowen, who selected a site about
300 yards nortfe of the old buildings, and had a swiss barn, 66 by 40 feet,
298 Appendix.
stone to 1st square, the balance logs, and a two storied stone house,
with basement, 'SO by JJO, erected instead. This house is still standing
but the barn was removed in 1857 by Mr. S. Lecron, when the one repre-
sented in our picture was built. He also erected, in 1862, an addition of
18 feet to the house, building of the same material and making it corres-
spond, in height with the original. The house as it now stands, is 54 by
iJO feet, and contains nine rooms and a basement kitchen. The barn
which is also of stone, is 80 feet long by 54 wide. It is constructed with a
view to good ventilation of the stables, and is a good substantial building.
There are one hundred and lifty-one acres included in this tract of
land, twenty-five of which are well set with white and black oak and
hickory timber. The soil, which is somewhat broken, is rolling and is of
clay mixed with sand. There is an abuudance of limestone, which can
be readily utilized. About nine acres are good meadow with a fine stream
of water running through it. As the land is all well drained it is well
adapted to the cultivation of every variety of produce. The largest pro-
duct of wheat on 20 acres, were 37j bushels per acre, and the largest crop
in one year 1268 bushels on 40 acres, making a fraction less than 32
bushels per acre. The general average of the farm is from 900 to 1,000
bushels of wheat, 600 to 800 bushels of corn, 400 to 600 bushels of oats,
and 40 to 50 bushels of rye. Mr. L., is feeding his farm by having all of
his corn and oats consumed on it, purchasing the stock in the fall, and
having it ready for the spring market.
The paternal ancestors of Mr. Lecron, were of French origin, his
father, John Lecron, who departed this life on the 14th day of Feb.
1878, at the age of 84 years, was married in May, 1817, to Catherine,
daughter of Daniel Mowen of Washington township. His grandfather is
said to have left France, about the beginning of the French Revolution,
tied to Poland, and from there to the United States, and settled in Lancas-
ter county, about the year 1789, trom there his two sons, Simon and
Jacob, migrated to AVashington county, Md., about the year 1790. Simon,
grandfather of the present Simon Lecron, married Elizabeth Lydey, and
died aged 48 years, in the year 1814, leaving eleven children upon a
small estate. John, the father of Simon, who was the 2nd child, moved
to Pennsylvania in the spring of 1819, and located upon a farm belonging
to his father-in-law, in Antrim township, the same that is now owned by
Daniel Lecron, brother of Simon. In the spring of 1825, he bought, and
moved upon the "Belfast," farm in Washington township and continued
there until his death. The maternal ancestor of Mr. L. located in Antrim
Township at an early day, and is thought to have come from Switzerland.
His son, Daniel Mowen, who was the maternal grandfather of Mr.
Lecron, died in 1819 at the age of 54 years. Daniel's 3rd child, Catherine,
mother of Mr. L., was born April 8th, 1790, and is now at the age of
almost 82 years, still living. Her son Simon, who is her 2nd child, was
born April 18th, 1820, and was married Sept. 7th, 1843, to Anna Eliza-
beth, daughter of Jacob Middiekauff, of Beaver Creek, Washington Co.,
Md. They have eight children, four sons and four daughters.
"the BUKNS place." FAKM PKOPEKTY op J. MORliOTV BURNS, KEAR
WAYNESBORO, PRANkLlN COUNTY. PA.
The position occupied by our artist, when taking his sketch, of these
buildings, was on the banks of the historic Antietam, on an old road,
vacated about 100 years ago, along which the soldiers of the revolution
marched. The farm is located in Washington Township, three miles
cast of Waynesboro, and four from the Waynesboro station, W. M. R.
bd
Appendix. 399
R. It was taken up, Sept. 6th, 17G2, by George Martin, and named
"Calidity." Jan. 14th, 1772, it passed into the possession of George Sliil-
ley, who sold it to Robert Espey on March 11th, 1773. From him it w^as
transferred to John McGuier, July 28th, of the same year. April 17th,
1773, over a century ago, it came into the possession of John Burns, the
grandfather of the present occupant. March 18th, 1803, Jamea Crooks,
and James Downey, executors, of John Burns, dec'd, disposed of it to
Jeremiah Bourns, father of J. Morrow Barns, who rented the farm, at the
time of his father's death, Feb. 16th, 1847, and on June 21st, 1862, he
became the sole possessor, of the estate. The present house was erected,
about the year 1831 by Jeremiah Bourns, and is of bricls. There are the
neceusary out buildings, and also a good saw mill, on the place, which
was originally erected in 1774, over one hundred years ago. The farm
contains 128 acres, of good soil, well adapted to grain, or stock raising.
The surface is level. There is a never failing spring, and also a good
water power which drives the saw mill. The product of the farm, in
1877, was about 1200 bushels of wheat and corn, and it abounds in iron
ore of excellent quality. In the year 1751, Archibald Bourns, with his
wife and two young sons, accompanied his wife's brother, the Rev. John
Cuthbertson, to Lancaster County, Pa., from the county of Lanark, in
Scotland, their native land. Mr. Cuthbertson became permanent pastor
to the Covenanters, at Octorara, in Lancaster county. Mr. Bourns set-
tled in "Carrol's Tract," now in Adam's county, Pa., on the farm his
wife had received as a gift from her brother, Mr. Cuthbertson, where
Archibald died, leaving his sons, John, and James, still lads, to the care
of their widowed mother. Mrs. Bourns re-married, her second husband
being Francis Meredith, Esq., and her sons, now young men, found
homes of their own, James settled in the wilds of Ohio, becoming pro-
prietor of oarts of the land on which Cincinnati now stands. John wed-
ded a daughter of Jeremy Morrow, of the vicinity of "Carrol's Tract,"
whose grandson became one of Ohio's early governors, and in honor of
whom one of her counties is named. With his young wife, John Bourns,
made his home on the Antietam, in the tspring of 1773, on the property
above described. He established himself, mainly in the business of
manufacturing sickles, erecting a shop, and mill, for the purpose, and
also a saw mill. He put about sixty acres of land under cultivation.
Here he, and his wife Esther reared their seven sons, and four daughters,
and here both died, highly honored for their personal worth, and Chris-
tian lives. They were both intered in, what was then called, the "Cove-
nanter's" graveyard, two miles lower down the Antietam. Their chil-
dren all survived them, excepting the eldest, their names given in the
order of birth, being Margaret, Jeremy, John, Sarah, Archibald, Thomas,
Elizabeth, James, Francis, William, and Esther. The eldest was born in
1773, and the youngest in 1792, and the last born was the latest survivor
of the eleven children; Mrs. Esther Wallace, who died in 187G. The
latest living, of the sons, was General James Burns, whose death occur-
red in 1875, he lacked but one day of being ninety years old. The gener-
al, and his brothers, dropped from the family name the ancestral letter
"O," and but one, of the connection, now retains it, writing his name in
the old manner — J. Francis Bourns, M. D. of Philadelphia. Soon after
the birth of his third child, in 1776, John Bourns was summoned to be a
soldier, in the Army, of the Revolution. Before the close of the war,
Mr. Bourns was appointed a Magistrate, and he continued to hold the
office until his death, in 1803. His son Jeremy, became owner and occu-
pant of the paternal homestead, and succeeded his father in the, still lu-
crative, business of sickle-making, and also in the sawing of lumber, and.
300 Appendix.
he somewhat enlarged the work of the farm. Having erected new mills,
with encouraging business prospects, Jeremy met with the misfortune of
having the mills, together with his barn, totally destroyed by fire. Part
of the heavy loss was that of about one hundred dozens of sickles, that
were nearly ready for the coming harvest. He at once replaced the
buildings, but his business was crippled for years afterward. Jeremy
Burns married Sarah, daughter of John Renfrew, Sr. and granddaughter
of Samuel Rea, in 1811, and their children were twelve in number, viz :
Nancy, John, Francis, Samuel, Rea, Esther, Elizabeth, Jeremy, Morrow,
Sarah, James Cuthbertson, Margaret Renfrew, and Hannah Jane, with
three others, that died in infancy. Margaret R. died when a child, and
Esther S. and Sarah in mature years ; while the rest are living. They
have their homes in Franklin County, John Francis excepted, who for
many years has resided, a physician, in Philadelphia. Their father died
in 1847, and their mother in 1855. Endowed with more than common
elevation, and force of character, both departed as they had lived, devo-
ted and honored christians. Covenanters in church fellowship, they sleep
in the before mentioned family burial place, with other beloved and hon-
ored dead, awaiting the resurrection of the just.
"FAIK view place," PROPEUTY op JOHN PHILIPS, WASHINGTON TOWN-
SHIP, FKANKLIN COUNIY, PA.
This valuable mill property is situated, on the east branch of Antietam
Creek, about one and a half miles southeast of Waynesboro, and three
and a half miles from the Waynesboro station, on toe W- M. Railroad
and is crossed by the line of the proposed Baltimore and Cumberland
Valley Railroad, connecting Baltimore with Chambersburg. The mill
was built by Abraham Stover in 1831, it is driven by an overshot wheel of
18 foot diameter. Samuel Frantz erected the mansion house in 1847, he
also erected the barn and miller's house. The mill which is built of brick,
is 50 by 58 feet, three and a half stories high, there are|three runsof burrs
for wheat, and two for chopping. It has a capacity of about 12,000 barrels
of flour per year. The water power, which in addition to the Antietam is
furnished by two large springs, emptying into the dam, a short distance
above the breat, is considered the best on the stream. It never fails, and
because of the large amount of spring Avater, it never freezes. The brick
mansion house is 33 by 36 feet, with a wing attached, 20 by 30 feet. It
contains eleven large rooms, and the cellar which is arched has a well
cemented floor. There is a brick summer house in the rear of the main
building, 16 by 38 feet. The cottage, which is a frame structure, is 28 by
26 feet. The bank barn is constructed of stone and frame. The entire
number of buildings is fifteen, and they are all in first-class condition and
present a fine appearance. The land, which is mostly meadow, is well
adapted to the production of all kinds of grain, and also to the cultivation
of tobacco. Although consisting of only 80 acres, it is considered one of
the most productive farms, in the Township. It was purchased by Mr.
Philips in June 1877, since which time its appearance has been greatly
improved by painting, and other repairs. The stock in the barn yard is
supplied with pure water, through pipes, from the forebay, and there are
two good wells, one at the summer house, and the other at the cottage.
Besides these there is a soring at the north-east corner of the farm, and
running water in every enclosure, except one. The fencing, is nearly all
post and rail. The buildings are all surrounded by fruit trees, and there
are two thrifty orchards of the most choice summer, and winter, varieties
of apples. The largest production in one year from this] farm was 650
Appendix. 301
bushels of "wheat, 500 barrels of corn, besides oats, etc., and about 80 tons
of hay. John Eichelberger, the maternal grandfather of John Philips,
who was of German descent, served during the Revolutionary war, and
fought in the battle of Bunker Hill, etc. He married Mary, daughter of
Michael Leonard. She died Feb. 22d, 1840, aged 88 years, he in the year
1832. They both were buried in the St. John's Lutheran graveyard, at
Hagerstown, Md. They had six children, viz : John, Peter, Jacob, Henry,
Mary, and Catherine. Mary, mother of John Philips, was born August
7th, 1792. She married Thomas Philips, July 25th, 1811, near Frederick
city, Md. He was engaged in milling during, the greater portion of,
his business life. He died at Hagerstown, Feb. 19th, 1844, in the 56th
year of his age. His children were Mary Ann, Thomas, William, Israel.
Mary, John, and Samuel. Mary Ann, and Mary, died in infancy.
Thomas practiced medicine at St. Thomas, in this countv, and died Nov.
29th, 1841, aged 29 years. William, is professor of Belles Lettres at Seton
Hall College, South Orange, K J., which position he has held for about five
years. Israel, died at Hagerstown, Dec. 29th, 1845. Samuel, is a pastor
of the Presbyterian church. John, was born Feb. 17th, 1821, at Browns
Mills, Franklin County. He was educated at a private school in Washing-
ton Co., Md. At sixteen years of age, he engaged himself in the employ
of Harper & White, dry goods merchants, Shepherdstown, Va., where
he continued until twenty-two years of age. In 1845, he located in
Waynesboro, and commenced merchandising, continuing until 1856, when
he was elected Treasurer, of the Waynesboro Savings Fund Society, since
changed to the First National Bank, of which he was elected cashier, this
position he still continues to hold. He has been the President of the
Steam Engine and Boiler Works, Frick & Co., since their organization.
He married Susan S., daughter of John Clayton, Esq., of Waynesboro,
Sept. 14th, 1848. Their children were six in number, but are not all
living, Sallie, born June 19th, 1850, died June 4th, 1867. William D.
born Jan. 18th, 1854, died April 22d, 1854. Minnie Bell, was born July
3d, 1856, died Jan. 6th, 1863. S. H. Clayton, was born Feb. 5th, 1859.
Margarette, born July 31st, 1861, died Feb. 6th, 1863, and Grace E. was
born June 4th, 1864. Mr. Philips is highly respected by his fellow citi-
zens, who have every reason to admire his strict integrity, and sterling
mora] worth.
HARDWARE STORE, AND RESIDENCE OK S. B. RINEHART, WAYNESBORO,
FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA.
This valuable business property and residence is located on lot No. 50,
West Main street. The store room, with office, attached, has a depth of
70 feet, and is 18 feet wide. Mr. R. commenced the hardware business,
in partnership, with Martin Geiser, in- the year 1865, in a building on the
south east corner of the Diamond. In 1866, the firm purchased the hard-
ware store of Wm. H. Brotherton, and moved into the building, in the
spring of the same year. The store room, at that time, was 18 by 30 feet,
and was owned by Wm. Hammett and Brotherton's heirs. In 1870, Mr.
Rinehart purchased the property, and, in the same year, he enlarged it, by
erecting a two story back building, 18 by 40 feet, making the store room
58 feet in depth. In 1872, he enlarged the iron house, to the extent of 21
feet. In 1875, the front above the store room was remedied, by cutting
the windows down to the floor, making twin windows, and adding a
portico. The front had been remodled when the building was enlarged
in 1870. In June 1871, Mr. Rinehart purchased the interest of his partner,
Mr. Geiser, in the business, and contined alone until 1876, when he asso-
302 Appendix.
ciated with himaclf Daniel Trittle. In 1876, he made another improve-
ment by erecting a warehouse 33 by 30 feet. The office 18 by 30 feet, was
added in 1877, making the entire structure, store room, office, warehouse
and iron house, all of which are connected, and under the same roof, 139
feet long. In January 1878, Mr. Rinehart purchased the interest of Mr.
Trittle, and is again conducting it alone. In 1878, the residence was re-
modled, extending the portico, above the store room, the full length of
the front of the building, and cutting the windows down, and making
them double. There was also a one storied extension made to the dwell-
ing, 13 by 30 feet. The main building is stone, and the back buildings are
brick. There is a never failing well, on the lot, 50 feet deep. It is the only
one, in the town, that has never failed. The value of the stock of goods,
carried by Mr. K. is from eight to ten thousand dollars. Lewis Rinehart,
grandfather of S. B. Rinehart, moved to this county, from Virginia, in
1838, and settled about one mile east of Waynesboro, on a farm, now
owned, and occupied, by his son Samuel. He had eight children, two of
whom are living. He died July 7th, 184-1, aged 07 years, 3 months, and
13 days. His wife died Jan. 33d, 1853, aged 73 years, 11 months, and 3
days. Samuel Rinehart, father of S. B., was born May 13th, 1811. He
married Catherine, daughter of Conrad Bonebreak, March 31st, 1831.
She was born June 13th, 1807. They had eight children, viz: John, Susan,
Mary, Samuel B., Lewis, Henry, Daniel, and Catherine. They are all
living but Lewis, who died Feb. 9th, 1877. Samuel B. was born Jan.
5th, 1839. He worked on the farm until about 1860, when he engaged in
school teaching until 1865, when he commenced the hardware busmess,
in which he has continaed ever since. He married Lizzie, daughter of
Rev. Joseph F. Rohrer, of Washington County, Md-, Sept- 39th, 1868.
They have four children, the three eldest of whom are named Elmer,
Rohrer, and Archie Yard.
rUBLIC SCHOOL BUILDING, OF WAYNESBORO, FKAKKLIN COUNTY, TA.
The want of a suitable building, to accommodate the Public Schools, of
Waynesboro, was for a long time felt. After much delay the Legislature
was petitioned, and enacted a law, authorizing the school directors, to
issue seven per cent, bonds, to run for twenty years. By the sale of
these bonds, in connection with a fund of about |4,000, derived from a
tax, levied some years before, to create a fund for building purposes, the
work of building commenced. The lot, on which the school house stands,
was purchased from Mrs. Helen Brotherton, and contains about two acres
of ground. The plan and specifications were furnished by Mr. A. M.
Herr, of Strasburg, Lanca,ster County, Pa., and the house was built by
Mr. Elias Both, of Adams County, Pa. The board of directors under
whose supervision, and control, the house was erected, and the schools
organized were as follows :
E. A. BERING, M. D., Pkks't. J. B. HAMILTON, Sec't.
J. AV. COON, Treas'k. J. H. CREBS,
WM. L. HAMILTON, F. FORTHMAN.
For a description of this building, and its dedication, we copy the arti-
cle on page 163, Penna. School Journal Nov. 1873, from the able pen of
the Editor Proffessor J, P. Wickersham, entitled "A New School House,
at Waynesboro." "Friday Oct. 4th, 1873, will be a day long remem-
bered at the little town of Waynesboro. On that day, she dedicated her
new school-house — a house of which her people have great reason to
feel proud, Waynesboro is a pleasant town ot about 1,500 inhabitants,
situated in the southern part of Franklin Co. For many years the good
Appendix. 303
people have been content to send their children, for five or six months of
the year, to two school-houses, small, old, ugly, ill-suited to the purpose,
and even unhealthy. At last, the intelligent and public-spirited gentle-
men, whd now compose the board of directors, determined to build anew
school-house. They secured a very fine location and purchased nearly
two acres of ground. Inquiring of the State Superintendent, where the
best modern school buildings of the kind suited to their town could be
found, they were directed to several, and, among the rest, to that of
Strasburg, Lancaster county, described in a former number of the
Journal. They visited this house, and were so well pleased with it, that
they took it for a model, and the house they have built is one of the best
school-houses in the State of Pennsylvania. The whole cost is a little
over $20,000. It has school-rooms, recitation-rooms, clothes'-rooms,
play-rooms in the basement, a principal's-room, a director's-room, etc. —
The house is substantially built and well finished. The furniture is of
modern pattern. A full supply of apparatus has been procured. The
building will be heated with steam. The grounds are being fenced, and
laid out in walks. A portion of them has been set apart for a teacher'' a-
house ; and next spring, shade trees, shrubbery ami flowers, are to be
planted. The new faculty consists of a principal, salary $1,000 a year,
and four assistant?,. The school depepartment is to be organized, and a
considerable number of youths, from outside of the district, have already
applied for admission as Students. The dedicatory services commenced
at 3 p. m. A procession, consisting of scholars, clergymen, speakers,
board ot directors, and citizens, was formed at the town hall, under the
direction of Marshals Amberson, Strickler and Bickle, and, headed by a
brass band, marched through several streets to the school-house. The
stores and other public places, were all closed, and the people made the
occasion a holiday. Arrived at the school house the whole of the second
story, of which, the two rooms being thrown together, was completely
filled, "W. S. Amberson, Esq., called the meeting to order, and prayer
was offered by the Rev. W. H. H. Hibshman. Addresses were then
made by Dr. Hering, president'of the School Board ; Dr. J. H. Shumaker,
principal of the Chambersburg Academy, and State Superintendent
"Wickersham. The audience seemed deeply interested in the exercises,
and the children looked perfectly happy."
The building is 60 ft. wide, and 73 ft. deep, two stories high, and has a
basement or recreation rooms. The stories are 14 ft. high, with the ex-
ception of the basement, which is 9 ft, high. There are four school-
rooms, each 21h feet wide, and 47| feet deep, also four recitation rooms
10 ft. wide and 27i ft. deep. The vestibule is 10 ft. wide, and the stair-
way, which leads to the upper rooms, is G feet wide. The building was
completed Sept. 1872. As above noted, the dedication took place October
4th, and the schools were opened October 7th, of the same year.
FARM AKD RESIDENCE OP MRS. M. A. BRADLEY, PETERS TOWNSHIP,
FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA.
This fine plantation of 200 acres, is situated one and a quarter miles
from Mercersburg. It was originally surveyed August 25th, 1789, in pur-
suance of a warrant granted to Elizabeth and Frances Campbell, and was
called "Sisterhood," which name it still retains. The buildinijs, aswill
be seen in our sketch, are in ample proportion to the extent of this fine
place. It was purchased by the father of its last owner, April 9th, 1836,
from Adam McKinnie, and it came into the possession of his son in 1865.
We regret not having the material for a more detailed history.
304 Appendix.
WOOLEN MILL, AND llESIDENCE, OP E. S. UAEU, WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP,
FKANKLIN COUNTY, PA.
The land upon -which this business enterprise and residence are estab-
lished, was taken up in the year 17G8, by John Horner, under the name
of "Homestead." It is two and a half miles east of Waynesboro, and
four and a half miles from Waynesboro station, W. M. R. R., nearest
postofRce being Waynesboro. Mr. Horner, disposed of this property on
the 37th day of March, 1790, to Philips Reed, and from Mr. Reed, it passed
into the possession of John Baker, on the 28th of November, 1795. On
the 4th day of March, 1811, he sold it to John Walter, who disposed of it
soon after to Jonathan Keefer, and on the 1st day of April, 1824, Mr.
Keefer sold it to John Keagey, from whom Gabriel Baer, purchased it Aug.
13th, 1830, and it came into the possession of B. S. Baer, the present pro-
prietor. May 9th, 1864. The date of the establishment of the woolen
mill is not known, but about 80 years ago, a grist mill, was erected,
which, is supposed to have been converted into a woolen mill, by John
Keagey, about 50 years ago. It is driven by an 18 foot water wheel, on
the never failing stream known as Antietam. The land, of which 22
acres are attached to this property, is somewhat broken and is limestone
and gravel in character. There are five dwelling houses on this place.
The residence of Mr. B. is constructed of log, and is rough-cast. It was
built about the same time that the mill was erected. The other buildings
are of frame. The machinery in the mill is first-class, and is used in the
manufacture of cloths, casimers, sattinetts, jeans, blankets, carpets and
yarns. It was run by its present proprietor for about six years, but at
this time he has it rented. Gabriel Baer, father of E. S. migrated from
Lancaster, County, and purchased the property in the year 1830, and
continued in the manufacture of woolen goods, until the spring of 1856,
from which time he rented it away. His death occurred in 1859. Mrs.
Gabriel Baer, who was a Miss Spangler, of York County, still survives
her husband, and now resides with her son E. S. Baer. She was the
mother of ten children, four daughters, and six sons, all of whom are now
living. The property, came into the possession, of its present owner, by
purchase at public outcry. It is well supplied with an abundance of fine
fruits, grapes, peaches, apples, etc. It is under good fencing, principally
post and rail, and has had one two story house erected on it, together
with other improvements by Mr. E. S. Bear, since it is in his possession.
FARil OP BENJA^rlN K. PRICE.
' This farm is located in Quincy Township, two miles nort.h of Waynes-
boro. The nearest railroad point is the Waynesboro station, on the W.
M. R. R. four miles east of the latter place. The land was taken up in
the year 1703, by William Erwiu, and was knows as the "Dry Berry"
tract, from him it was purchased by Jacob Price Esq., grandfather of the
present owner, who sold it to his son Jacob Price Jr., about the year
1830. The first buildings, a log house and stone barn, were erected about
the year 1780, by Jacob Price Sr. About the year 1823, he erected a
brick house instead of the log one, which was enlarged in 1877, by Ben-
jamin E. Price, and in 1877, the present owner removed the stone barn.
Appendix, 30§
because of its being on the line of the railroad, and erected in its stead
the present one, of frame and stone. The stone house on the upper tract
was built about the year 1810. The brick house on tne lower farm, is
two stories high, and has a high basement. It is 31 by 37 feet, and has a
two story brick kitchen attached, 19 by 24 feet. The barn on the lower
tract is stone below, and frame above, it is 54 by 68, the one on the upper
farm is constructed of the same materials, and is 48 by 74 feet. The soil
of these fine farms is well adapted to grain culture, and to the rearing of
stock, a part of it is somewhat rolling. There are six springs, on the two
farms, one under each house. The land is well drained, inasmuch as
Mr. P. had a ditch constructed, in 1877, for the purpose of straightening
the creek, which extends three fourths of the distance through the entire
plantation. The fields are well fenced with post and rail fences, and ar
well limed, there being an abundance of limestone on the land, which
Mr. P. has converted into lime, in stacks, on the fields. The average
yield of wheat per acre is 30 bushels. The ancestors of Mr. Price were
of German origin, having migrated to this country at a very early date.
His grandfather, Jacob Price Sr., was born in the year 1765, and died in
1840, at the age of 75 years. Jacob Price Jr., was married twice, first to
Susan Emmert, who was born Nov, 9th, 1805, and died June 27th, 1848.
Her children were Benjamin E., Joseph, David E., Abraham, Jaceb,
John, Ann, Maria, intermarried withB- F. Stewart, and Susan inter-
married with Samuel Martin. His sacond wife, was Prudence, widow
of the late Daniel Stover. Her children are Isaac, Prudence, and Wil-
liam. Mr. Benjamin E. Price has one child, Kate, intermarried with A.
S. Bonebreak.
JIAKBLB WORKS AND FARM, OP H. WALTER, WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP,
FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA.
This prosperous establishment is located two and a half miles south of
Waynesboro, and within five and a half miles of "Waynesboro Station"
on W. M. R. R. The dwelling house was built about sixty or seventy
years ago, it is constructed of log, rough-cast. An addition to the origi-
nal house was erected in 1843-4, by Wm. Loughridge, making its
dimensions now 60 by 24 feet. The barn was built by John Walter, in
1850. It is 60 by 40 feet, mcluding granary. The lower partis stone, and
has a frame superstructure. There are 45 acres of productive limestone
land in this place, 12 of which are good meadow. The average capacity
of the land has been about 20 bushels of wheat, and 40 to 50 of corn per
acre. John Walter, grandfather of Henry, moved into this county from
Adams County. He died in 1815. John Walter, father of H. was born
in Washington Township, June 22d, 1808, and Henry was. born in
Waynesboro, Dec. 14th, 1831. He was married March 22d, 1864, in
Smithsburg, Md., to Lydia Newcomer. They have two sons, named
Charles and Bruce. This property came into his possession by purchase
from his father, in 1867. The saw mill on the place, was erected 60 or
70 years ago. The water wheel, an iron submerged one, was put in
by Wm. Loughridge. It is driven by a head and fall of 7 feet of water.
In 1842, the industry of sawing and rubbing marble, by water power, was
first instituted at this place. From 3 to 4 hands are constantly employed,
and all kinds of work, from both domestic, and foreign, varieties of marble,
is turned out at this establishment.
306 Appendix'.
CAUKIAGE MANaPACTOUY OK TETUUSIl, PKULETT & CO, SlIIPrEKSBURG PA.
Doubtless some of our readers may say "we thought this was to be a
liistory of Franklin County, and here we see old mother Cumberland
represented." Our apology, if one is required, is that Shippensburg is
located on the line, between the two counties and is the entre-pot, and
place of shipment of a large portion of the produce of this county. And
the establishment of which we write, had a branch, for several years,
located in Franklin County. Again, this manufactory is not merely of
local interest, and advantage. But from the magnitude to which it has
risen, from a small beginning, is one of the institutions of the lohole valley,
and when it is considered that the present large business, is the outgrowth
of a small shop, employing in 1854, but G hands, it must be admitted a
record well worthy of preservation. Many of the vehicles, which have
been turned out by this establishment, since its inception, numbering now
about 3000, have found purchasers in other states ; and the reputation
which has been built up, along with the factory, is part and parcel of their
stock in trade. The business was established, in the spring of 1854, on
the corner of Main and Washington streets, in Shippensburg, by J. C
Walburn, and Q. W. Thrush, under the style of Walburn & Thrush, in a
two story frame building, 30 by 36 feet, with a blacksmith shop, 15 by 15
feet. Mr. W. was born in Lebanon County, but came here between the
years 1840, and 1845. Mr. Thrush is a native of Cumberland County and
served his time with Mr. H. R. Emmory. Dec. 15th, 185G, Mr. Walburn
disposed of his interest to J. Whissler and the firm name was changed
to Thrush & Whissler. Mr. W. however being a minor, soon sold out
to F. B. Perlett, the name being again changed to Thrush & Perlett.
Mr. Perlett being a graduate of Quimby & Co. Newark, N. J-, but for
several years previous an employee of the firm in which he now became
a partner. In 18GG, Mr. Perlett sold his interest, to E. C. Landis pur-
chasing from Thrush & Landis the paint shop on Main street, where he
done the painting for the new firm. The business steadily increasing, the
branch, before alluded to, was established at Marion, in March 18G7, under
the style of Perlett, Thrush, & Co. Finding a still more southern outlet for
their work, they moved the shop from Marion, to Charlestown, Va., but
shortly afterward disposed of it to Abram Stump, one of the firm of Per-
lett, Thrush & Co. Mr. Perlett no tv again became a partner, the new
firm name being Thrush, Landis & Co. In August 1873, E. S. Landis
sold his interest to W- W. Stough, a former apprentice of the firm. Mr.
L. removing to Coatesville Pa. The firm now consisting of Geo. W.
Thrush, P. B. Perlett and W. W. Stough, and known as Thrush, Per-
lett & Co., are enabled to manufacture anything, from the lightest track
sulky, to the heaviest concord coach. In competition with other work,
at county fairs, they have won many successes, and as they guarantee all
of their work it is not auprising that they have received orders from
Maryland, Virginia, Indiana, Illinois and even as far as Iowa. The
factory is of brick, three stories high, GO by 50 feet, with a basement for
the storage of coal, and iron, and was built in 1875. The first floor is a
repository for finished carriages. The sscond for wood work, and up-
holstering. And the third for painting, and varnishing. In 1877, they
erected a two story frame blacksmith shop, 50 by 35 feet, which has, on
its ground floor, four fires. The upper story being used for the storage
of seasoned timber. Each department is under the immediate super-
vision of a member of the firm; in the blacksmith shop having the effi-
cient aid of their foreman Mr. H. Wingler ; all ofAvhom are practiced
workmen. Forty-two finished artizans, most of whom are successfully
Appendix. SOT
(BTosecmti'iiii tlieir vocation in diffdreat parts of our country, can lookback
to the Bliops of Thrush, Periett & Co. as the starting point in their busi-
ness career. From a business of 25 carriages and buggies, in 1854, this
firm has increased its sales to one hundred and fifty, in 1877, and during
Uie present, year, 1878, they expect to turn out not less than two hundred,
each, of which shall add, to the reputation of the firm.
MILL PROPERTY OF ADAM N. RYDER, PETERS TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN CO., PA.
The valuable mill represented in our sketch, was built in the year 1852,
by Hezekiah Easton, who eugageu largely in the purchase of wheat, and
the manufacture of it iuto flaur, for the eastern market, for the period of
^hree years, wiien he disposed of the property, to Jacob FrinKe, who was
at, that time, engaged iu milling about two miles east of Waynesboro. Mr-
Frieze, rented tlje mill to William D. Newman, who for some years car-
ried on the business, and afterwards, in connection with J. G. Miley, pur-
chased it from Mr. Frieze. The present owner, Adam N. Ryder, bought
Et from Newman and Miley, in 1874, since which time he lias been en-
gaged in conducting the bubiness in its several departments. Michael
llyder, from whom has descended the numerous families, now living in
Ohio, and in Lancaster, and Franklin Cuunties, Pa., who bear his name,
located in Lmcastf-r County, at an early date. He is thought to have
bi^en a native of England, but very little of his history is known to his
otisring inasmuch as he ^vas lost about the lime of Gen. Braddock's defeat
near Fort DuQaesne, and it is supposed that he fell in that unfortunate
engagement. He lett a widtiw, and one child, a son, whose name was
Micliael. He was born Sept. 24th, 1744, and died Sept. 7th, 1821. His
wite v/as a Miss Magdalena Newman, who was born April 21st, 1747, and
died August 2Gih, 1821. They had seven sons, and four daughters.
Michael, the oldest, was born about the year 1770, and died at the age of 40
years, leaving a wife and family, consisting of eight sons and three
daughters. Plis wife's maiden name wasSaloma Worty, the date of whose
birth was Aug. 24lh, 1773, and who died Oct. 5th, 1858. Michael Ryder,
spcondson of these last named, and father of Adam N. Ryder, was born near
EliEabethtown, Lancaster County, Pa., on the 18th of May, 1798. He is
now residing in Loudon, Franklin County, and cime to this county in
1822. Two years after his father's death, he was apprenticed to a Mr.
Brimner, of Columbia, Lancaster County, to learn the carpenter trade,
nt which occupation he worked for about eight years, but when he came
to this county he was employed as a farm hand until 1824, when he con-
tracted a marriage with his cousin, Mary Ryder, a daughter of Adam
Ryder, whose advent into Franklin County, had been in October 1803.
He had located near G reencastle, at what was known as the old hemp mill,
where he worked at his trade, that of a blacksmith, for two years, when
he purchased, and moved on a farm, on the road between Loudon, and
Cove Gap, where he lived out the balance of his days, his death occuring
Aug. 14th, 185G. His wife, who had been Elizabeth Longenecker, was
born in Donegal Township, Lancaster County, Sept. 12th, 1786, and died
in 1864. They had two sons, and five daughters. Michael Ryder, after
his marriage with his wife Mary, lived for two years near Bridgeport,
Franklin County, from whence he moved, to the neighborhood of Dry
Run, in Path Valley, where he continued to reside until the year 1840,
when he moved to the farm, two miles south of Loudon, where his son
Michael W. now lives. Adam N. Ryder, was born Oct. 23d, 1832, and
continued to reside with his father until the time of his marriage, which
took place April 14th, 1874, at which time he took charge of his mill
property. His wife was Miss Charlotte Bear.
308 Appendix.
KVRM OF DAN I EI. HOLLINGER, WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP, FKA:5."KMN CO., TA -
This farm is located about thrfe miles noitli-east of Waj'ncsboro, near
Ihe road, leading from "Hopewell Mills," to said plnce Waj-neshoro
stati(m W. M. K R. , is the nearest railroad point, the nexl is Mont Alto,
seven milts distant. It contains 340 acres of Vf^ry productive land, lime-
stone and sandstone soil, the former predominating. The latter biding
nearly all included in the beautiful meadow of 25 acres in "xtent. There
are but about 3 acres, of this place, in timber, bm Mr. H. iias 175 acres of
well timbered mountain laud, wherewith to meet the demands of
bis large farm. A branch of the Anijetam, runs llirough the
entire length of the meadow in front of the buildings. The soil of thie
farm is well adapted to grain, or stock raising. The surface is roll-
ing witii the exception of the 25 acres of meadow. There are two
wells of never failing water on the premises, and a large cistern at the
barn, for the purpose of watering the stock. The fencing is principally
post and rail, and there is also on the place a lime kiln of 1200 bushels
capacity. The product for the year 1877, was about 1900 busiiels wheat,
100 bushels rye, 1000 bushels shelled corn, besides other grains. Mr. H.
has grown as much as 90 bushels of clover seed, on about 35 acre?, in one
year. The corn and rye, raised on this farm, is fed to stock, on it, and in
that way its productiveness is kept up, and the horses, and oilier stock,
raised make a very fair return, for the labor bestowed upon them. Fruir.«5
in great variety, and abundance, are raised here, there being 8 fine apple
orchards in full bearing. Thia la,nd was owned by a Mr. Horner, before
Piiilip Hollinger, grandfather of Daniel, purchased it in the year 1707,
but what improvements were made is not known. He was attracted to
this place by its line meadows, having lived, prior to this, on tlie farm
now owned by Samuel Kauffman, in Guilford Township. At the lime of
the purchase by Mr. P. H., there was a lar£:e amount of timber land, a
great deal of which be cleared off, and brought under cultivation. The
tract then contained aVmut 180 acres in two parcels, upon which he erected
buildings, intending to divide it into two farms, one for each of his sons,
Samuel and John. In the year 1885, John purchased Samuel's portion,
and built the house now occupied by his son Daniel. He also enlarged
the farm by additional purchases, aad made other improvements. He had
Jive children, all of whom are now living except Samuel, who died Dec.
1876. At the death of John Hollinger, which occurred in the year 1866.
Daniel became possessor of the remaining portion of this tract, not pur-
chased by him, prior to his fathers death, and he has continued to add to
it until it has acquired its present proportions. He has made great im-
provements by building etc. The barn erected by him is one of the finest
in the county, being 102 feet long, by 56 wide, built of brick. It was
erected in 1871. TThe house, built by Philip, for his son Samuel, is still
standing, and can be seen in the vignette, on the picture. Daniel Hol-
linger's mother's family name was Grove. Her ancestors were from
Holland, from whence they were driven, by religious persecution leaving
a large estate. The original HoUingers, were also of German extrac-
tion, but the date of the arrival of either family in this country is un-
known. Daniel Hollinger, married Hannah, (laughter of John Singer, on
the 24th of Dec. 1850. They have had eight children, six of whom are
now living, viz: Simon G., Jacob R., John S., Lizzie A.. Laura A., and
Hannah A. Simon G., married Alice, daughter of Jacob Middour, in
Dec. 1877. The deceased members of this family are buried in the
family graveyard, on the farm. Mr. Hollinger has an interest in the man-
ufacturing firms of Frick & Co., and Geiser & Co. He is also a stock-
Appentlix. BO?^
!i-older, in 'che Wdyneshoro Bank, has a half inturesl in a farm near
Charabersburg, and owns two houses and lots in Waynesboro.
. MONTEREY SPRINGS HOTEL. V. E. HOLMES, PROPRIETOR.
This wi'ielj' known summer resort, is located upon the site of the old
well estahli!,hed tavern stand, that was o«cupied by Lewis Ripple, grand-
lather of Dr. S M. Hippie, of Waynesboro, in the year 1810. The build-
ing at that time was a small log structure, and was situated on what was
then known as the Baltimore and Pittsburg road. Mr. Ripple built a
atone house, which he kept as a wauon tavern, until it was accidentally
destroyed by fire, about six years after its erection. He rebuilt on the
same "^site, and continued to keep it until about the year 184*], when be
disposed of it to Samuel Buhrraan. In the year 1846 Mr. B. remodled
.Hud enlarged the building, to the extent of 90 feet. The prosperity of the
!iouse, as a favorite summer resort, was now fully established, but this
was not destined to be uninterrupted, for in the month of February,
^S49, the buildinir, together with all tiie furniture, was destroyed by fire.
Undaunted by his great misfe«rtune, the energetic landlord erected the
larije brick house, now known as the Monterey h'prings Hotel, during the
years 18-19 and IS-iO. The present popular proprietor, purchased this fine
"property, in August, 1877, and has accomodations for 200 guests, hut
intends^ during the present year, to increase these, until not less than 500
plea-^ure and lie-^Uh seekers, can find a comfortable abode with him. His
terms for boarding, toiretlier with the other advantages afforded, are such
a=i make this delightful place, sought after by all who desire to throw off
the cares of life for a season. Amongst the numerous springs, to be found
on this place, are some strongly impregnated with sulphur, magnesia, and
ircm, whilst some are as free from any contamination, as any of the most
sparklins,' mountain springs. The railroad facilities are such as to make
Ihls resort accessible from almost any point.
KKSIDENCE AND BUSINESS PLACE OF C. H. BUHRMAN, ROTJZERVILLE,
FRANKLIN COUNTT, PA.
This well established and valuable store property, is located m the vil-
lage of Rouserville, within one and a half miles of Waynesboro station,
on the W. M. R. R., and on the pike leading to the town of Waynesboro.
The site upon which this building stands was purchased, July 26th, 1873,
hy its present proprietor together with the old one and a half story frame
'ouildine, and stock ot goods, from Peter Rouzer with whoiD Mr. B. had
been associated in business In the winter of 1874, he built his present
convenient house, and still continues in the business of general merchant-
dising. It is a frame structure 2 stories high 28 by 34 feet. Mr. Buhr-
n'jan had been actively engaged in different occupations from the time he
reached his majority. At the time of his fathers death, which occurred
Feb 14th. 1881. he lell heir to the farm upon which his father had resided,
and engaged in farming, which he continued to pursue, until he had
reached his 29th year, when he grew impatient of restraint, his active
energies demanding a larger field of occupation. In the spring of 1866,
he rented his farm, and engaged in etorekeeping, in which he was very
successful, for the period of 3 years, when he met with the misfortune of
baviner his store house, and stock of goods, consumed by fire. He return-
ed to the farm, where he remained for two years, but was not in his ele-
ment, and on disposing of his stock, and farming implements, he moved
to Rouzerville, where we now find him. Charles H. Buhrman, was
310 Appendix.
born in Frederick count}', Md-, ou the 1st day ot'June, 18-57. He mar-
ried Anna M. Green of Frederick County., Md., Feb. 16ih, 18'i8. Tlu-y
have 5 children living, 3 boys and 'i girls, and oce girl dt-ad. His moth-
er, now in her 70th year, a ciinsisttut member ol the xMulhodiat liJpiscopaS
4,'hurch, and a woman of eminent piety, is making her home with him.
Henry Gordon her father, was of Scoicli descent, his father George Gor-
don, who was born in this country, was killed by the Indians, in the year
n~)5, near where the town of "Shady Grove" now stands, his wife with ;*
small babe, a few days old, in her arn^s, made her esc-ipe on loot, wading
the Mouocacy river and reached the Fort where Frederick city, Md., now
stands. Samuel Buhrmau, father of Charles H. vas born nt^ar >lt. Zion,
Frederick Co., Md., on the lOlh day ot September, 1812. He was a son
of Henry aad Catherine Buhrman In the year 1843. l)e purchased, auci
moved to the property known as Ripple's tavern stand, situated in the top
of the South Mountain. He it was tiiat reni )deled antl enlarged the
house, in order to accomodate a rapidly growing patronage, and after its
destruction by fire in Feb. 1849, he erected the liirge brick structure, now
so widely known as the Monterey Springs property. He died as above
stated Feb. 14lh, 18G1, whilst yet in the vigor of manliood, greatly la-
mented by those who were left to mourn their irreparable loss.
KEBIDENCE OF PETEB KOUZER, KOUZEKVILLE, FKAKKLIISI COUNTT, PA.
This comfortable dwelling is adjoining the store property, of Mr* C
H. Buhrman, and was erected in the year 1867. Its present owner camw
to this place, in the spring of 1861. From the year 1804, until the Posi-
office was established in 1872, this village was known as Flkesville. At
the time of the advent of Mr. Rouzer he purchased three and a half acres
of land, from Michael Qonder, upon which he erected a storehouse, and
subsequently a hotel, blacksmith shop, wagon maker shop, and e\a\\l
dwelling houses, and also sold lots, upon which Y^ftr^. built 10 dwelling
houses. He built a warehouse, at Waynesboro station on the W. M. R. R.,
and opened a road to it. Mr. R. has been engaged in huckstering, in this
neigliborhood for the last 24 years, and still claims some of his first cus-
tomers. At this time he owns about 40 acres of land adjoining the vil-
lage, which he purchased from Christian Shocl<ey and others. Daniel
Rouzer, the grandfather of Peter, "was born in 1768, and died in 1852.
Martin Rouzer, father of Peter, vpas born in 1801, in Frederick County,
Md.. He married Rosanah Gerraund, in 1834, and raised a family of 7
children. Peter Rouzer, was married to Miss Mary A. daughter of Dan-
iel Haugh, March 19th, 1859. They had children as follows, Simon P.,
Mary J., David W., Charles A., Emma K., Clara M., Jennie K., Mary
L., Harry W., Bessie J., Nettie R., and Samuel M. Seven of these are
still living. David W., Harry W., and Samuel M., died in infancy.
Martin Rouzer, brother of Peter, was a Captain in the 6th Kegt., Md.,
Vols., and was promoted to Maj., before the battle of Gettysburg. He
was lionorably discharged on account of physical disability, in 1864.
Peter Rouzer, vpill long be remembered as an active, energetic, business
man of sterling integrity. The part he has taken in establishing the vil-
lage, which justly bears his name, will be a matter of interest, and family
pride, to all -who may be related to him by ties of consanguinity.
"HOPEWELL MILLS," AND RESIDENCE OF JOHN BtTRGER, WASHINGTON
TOWNSHIP, FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA.
The "Hopewell Mills" property, consisting of the mill, residence, and
25 acres of the best quality of freestone and bottom land, is now owned
Appendix. ' 311
by Mr. Josiah Burger, father of John Burger. The mill building, whicn
is 4o by oO feet, was erecied in 1843. It has a cap-tcity of 75 barrels of
flour per day, requiring tliree hands, when run at full time. It is driven
by two wheels 16 feet diame er, under a head of 25 ftet. The yielding
capacity of the land is about 50 barrels of corn, and 30 bushels of wheat,
per acre. The present mill, dam, and race, were constructed in 1845, at
a cost of $14,975, and is considered one of the best water powers in the
county. The tirat mill erected f)n this site, was built by Josiah Mentzer,
in 1775, who sold it to Jacob Welsh in 1810. By him it was disposed of
to John FuUenon in 1830, who sold it to Charles Hoch in 1842. He
erected the present structure, as above staled in 1845, and sold to George
Besore ot Waynesboro in 1852. Mr. Besore sold to Burger, Oiler & Co.,
in 1870, from this firm it passed into the hinds of J. F. Oiler, in 1874,
from whom it was purchas<ed, in 1875, by its present owner. John
Burger, the superintendent of these mills, is a grandson of David Burger,
Esq., a builder and contractor, who built the "Mercersburg Seminary,"
and other important structures, and only son of Mr. Josiah Burger, of
Quincy Township, in this county. He was born Feb. 4th, 1850, near
'•Hopewell Mills," and was married Dec. 30th, 18^4, to Miss Elizabeth
Benedict, of Quincy Township. His father was born in Qumcy
Township, in 1825, and in 1847, he was married to Susan Oiler. They
have six children, viz: Mary, John, Rebecca, Elizabeth, Prudence and
Annie. The business transacted, at these mills, is conducted with marked
ability by the energetic superintendent, and the product meets with prompt
sales in every market that is reached by it.
PAKM, AND RESIDENCE OF SAMUEL GARVER, ESQ., NEAR SCOTLAND,
FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA.
This very desirable property, is located in Green Township, adjoining
the village of Sotland, and only a half mile south of the R. R. station, at
said place. It is delighttully situated, and is supplied with an abundance
of the purest water. The farm which contains 128 acres, is a portion of
a very large tract of land, that was purchased by Alexander Thomson,
a recent emigrant from Scotland, in 1772, to which he gave the name of
"Corker Hill." Log buildings had been erected on this portion, prior to
the purchase by Thomson, which remained until the year 1840, when the
present house was erected on the site of the old one," by Samuel Garver
Sr. who also built the barn in 1844. No alterations were made to these
new buildings, until 1858, when the present owner, who had purchased
the property in 1857, made an addition, of 16 feet, to the front house. As
it now stands the house, which is of brick, is 43 by 26 feet, with a brick
back buildinff. The barn is stone and frame, 72 by 48 feet with wagon
shed attached. The other necessary farm bnildiugs, were erected at dif-
ferent times. There are but a few acres, of this place that are not under
cultivation, they being in timber. The soil is lime and freestone. The
surface is gently rolling, and well adapted to the production of all kinds
of gram, and also for grass. Of the many fine springs, to be found on
this place, two are near the house, which by their unvarying flow, of
very great forcp, furnish an unlimited supply of water. The fencing is
chiefly of locust posts, and chestnut rails, and for the manufacture of posts,
there is an abundance of materia, on the farm. The presence of large
bodies of iron ore, as well as abundance of stone, for the manufacture of
cement, is strongly indicated on this land. The largest product of wheat,
in recent years, was 30 bushels per acre. Mr. G. has an apple orchard of
about 300 trees, of the most approved varieties, just coming into full bear-
313 Appendix.
ing. He is of German ancestry, bis grandfalher, Clirislian Gurver, hav-
ing migrated from Franklort on the Main, about the middle of the last
century. lie located in Washington county, Md., where Samuel Garver
Sr. , remained until 1832, wlicn he purchased this place. Samuel Garver
Jr., was married in Sept. 1842, to the youngest daughter of the late David
Goldsmith. They have i?ix cliiidren hU living. (Jue a physician practicing
in Scotland, two in the legal profession, and one a clergj'man. His
oldest daughter is married to a great grandson oftlie original purchaser
of this farm.
FARM OP VV. H. m'cOKMICK, PATH VALLEY.
On the 15th day of September, 17G6, Alexander McConnell a man of
remarkable energy, and enterprise. Iccated a tract of 100 acres, in the
Path Valley, in what is now Metal Township, and about one n\ile stiuth
of Fannettsburg. On the 9ih of Januarj , t-nsuini!, Eobt. McC'onnahee,
also located a tract of the same size, immediately aojoinintr the one taken
up by Alexander McConnt^ri. At this time, although the Indian difficul-
ties were over, and nothing stood in the way of the adventurous pioneer,
attracted by the rich limestont' lauds c)f this section, there was yel but a
sparse population in the valle^', and the primeval forest, still covered a
large portion of the surface. Neither history, nor tradition, have pre-
served much of the lives, or characters, of either, Alexander McConnell,
or Robt. McConnaliee, and even their burial jilaces are foruotten. That
they were both ol Scotch Irish ancestry, their nam^s would indicate. The
name of Alexander McConnell, appears on the roll of Capt. Abraham's
Company, in the early part of 1777, and it is probable he participated in
the war of the Revolution, althouizh to what extent, it is now impossihli-
to tell. Sometime between 1767, and 1778, Alexander McConnell, became
the owner of the adjacent tract, of Robt. McConnahec, altjiough at what
time it is now impossible to tell, as no record, can novv be found. On
April 14th, 1778, William Queery, of West Pennsborough, Cumberland
County, purchased the entire property, of Alexander McConnell, and it
remained in his possession, until his death, when it fell to his hf^irs, viz:
his sons John, William, and Charles, and his widow. John and William,
were residents of North Carolina, and Charles who had remained at home,
purchased both their shares, and resided on the farm, with his wife, and
mother, until March 29lh, 1788, when William Harvey, the maternal
grandfather of the present owner, purchased the entire tract, of 200 acres.
Mr. Harvey, resided on the place until his death, which occurred at an
early age, leaving a family, of several children, all of whom however died
in early life, like their father, victims of that fearful disease consumption.
Only one of them, Elizabeth, was married, and she, was the mother of
three children, one of whom died before her, another died while yet a
child, leaving the present proprietor, while yet in early boyhood, the sole
inheritor, and survivor, of the family. Mr. McCormick, was born Dec.
31st, 1826, and was married in 1851, to Miss Margaret E. Park, of Metal
Township, and their family now consists of three sons. Robt. H., James
W., and William B. It is now impossible to tell, at what time, the first
house, was built on this place, but it is likely that the first permanent res-
idence, was built by Alexander McConnell, about on the site of the present
residence, and is the same removed by Mr. McCormick, since bis occu-
pancy. It was a two story log house, with a one story kitchen, and must
hava been rather aristocratic in its appearance, compared with the usual
homes of those early times. The farm at present contains 340 acres, and
allowance, Mr. McCormick having addid 40 acres, by purchase ; is nearly
Appendix. 313
one liair well 3et in excellent limber; is one mile from Fannettsburg, and
seven from Ricbmond Station, on the S. P. K. R. It is well situated, and
watered, lyin.ii; mostly on the west side ot th« west branch, which flows
llirouiih it. Several line springs are on the farm, and the one by the
liouse, is one of the finest in the county, being of large volume, and very
clear cool water. The soil is limestone, and well adapted to grain raising,
oO bushels per acre liave been grown on the place. Fencing is mostly
rail, with some post. The present house, and barn, wereboth erected by
Mr. McCormick. Tlie barn, erected in 1861, is frame, with stone founda-
tion, 101 by 55 feet, an imposing and substantial structure. The house,
which is is brick, 30 by 40 feet, with a kitchen 16 by 18 attached, was
built in 1874, and is a model of convenience and comfort. A fine orchard
of choice (rnit, much of which is just coming into bearing, is no small
attraction .of this pleasant home. "Blessed in his family relations, and
surrounded by all that should make life, not only independant, but luxur-
ious, Mr. McCormick, has reason to thank the "giver of all good, and
perfect gifts," for more blessings than usually fall to the lot of man.
"village record,"
Waynesboro, Pa.
Established March, 1847.
W. Blair Editor and Proprietor.
Has a general home circulation.
RESIDENCE, AND FARM, OF JOHN HEMMINGER, QUINCY TOWNSHIP FRANK-'
LIN COONTY, PA.
This fine farm, of 157 acres, of mixed soil, containing limestone, flint,
and iron ore, is located, one half mile, east of the village of Quincy. Its
nearest railroad point, is Mont Alto. 3 miles, distant. One portion of this
land, was originally taken up, in 1801, by Anthony Snowberger, and was
called "Snow Ilill," the balance, was from a tract, taken up, by Joseph
Menfzer, that was known, as "White Oak Bottom." The first buildings,
have all disappeared, and were replaced, by substantial brick ones, by
Jacob Middour, about the year 1852. The house, represented in our
picture, is 28 by 33 feet, the wash and bake house, which is also of brick, is
18 by 26 feet. The bank bar.a, is 46 by 76 feet. The timber, to be found,
in this place, is of a good growth, and consists, of oak, chestnut, pine,
and hickory. The land is very productive, the wheat crop, of last year,
amounting to one thousand bushels. Mr. Hemminger, purchased this
property, in 1867, fromMr. George Middour.
HOTEL PROPERTY, AND FARM, OP CHARLES GILLAN, MT. PARNEL, FRANK-
LIN COUNTY, PA.
This very valuable property, is located, in St. Thomas Township, ten
miles west of Chambersburg, one and a half miles from the village of St.
Thomas, and four from Loudon, on the pike, leading from Baltimore to
Pittsburg,. Lemaster's station, on the South Penn. R. R. is the nearest
railroad point. There has been a post office in this hotel, for some years.
The house, which is a large brick structure, 90 feet long, was built by Samuel
Thompson, in the year 1815, but has been remedied, by the present owner.
The farm, consists of 337 acres, six of which are covered with timber. The
barn is constructed of stone, brick, and frame. Tne land is rolling, and is
314 Appendix.
well adapted to the cuUivallou of nil kinds of grain, and for the raising of
stock. There are two wells of good water, and one sprinu;, on Uie place.
The aiuuuut of wheat raised per year, runs from 1200, to 2000, bushels.
]Mr. Gillan has resided on this farm, and conducied ihe hotel, tor ;12 years,
and has been owuer of it for 17 years, iiaving paichased it in 18G1. His
popularity over the county is such, lliut in referring lo anything in his
neighborhood, it is only necessary lo 3 ly that it is near "Cliarles Gillan's."
The most important, amongst other improvemeuls, made on this place
was the erection of a "Stover Wind Ent:ine" for the purpose of pumping
water Icr the stock. It could not be purcliased at any price, provided
another equally good, could not be procurt-d. Mr. Gillan married Mary
Jane 8mitb McDowell, a dau-hler of Maj. James McDowell. They have
live children, all living, three sons, and two daughters.
After the above was vvritten, and just as it was goinf into the printer's
hands, the sad intelligence reached us that Charles Gillan died on Sunday
March 24th, 1878. That he will be greatly missed, and long remembered
in his neighborhood is a fact that is evident to all who knew him. '-Peace
to his ashes."
THE BURININa OF THE TOWN.
By permission of the Borough authorities, granted at tlieir special meet-
ing held March 27th, 1878, we subjoin the following articles, from the
plan of Dr. Wm. C. Lane, of Orrstown, on the burning of Chambersburg,
and the flood on the 24th of November, 1867:—
The one hundreth anniversary, of the founding of Chambersburg, was
fearfully signalized by its almost total destruction. In the later ]iart of
July, 1864, Gen Jubal Barley's division of the Conlederate Army, v\'as
located near the town of Martinsburg, West Virginia. On the 28th of the
month. Gen. John McCausland, Commanding a Brigade of Cavalry, en-
gaged in guarding the approaches to the Shenani oah Valley, was ordered
by Earley, to advance on Chambertburg, and demand a tribute of $100,000
in gold, or $500,000 in greenbacks; to be paid in half an hour, and, in the
event of the refusal or failure of the citizens to raise the ransom, he was
forthwith to destroy the town by fire. Early on the morning of the 30th
of July, McCausland's command, numbering 3,000 cavalry, and two bat-
teries of artillery, approached the town. Plautiog their batteries on a
commanding hill, west of it, at about C o'clock, A. M., Generals McCaus-
land and Bradly Johnston, accompanied by the notorious Major Harry
Gilmore, at the head of 800 cavalry, entered Chambersburg. McCausland
immediately acquainted a number of citizens, who were convened on the
Diamond, with the nature of his errand. Compliance with his extrava-
gant demand being clearly impossible, the heartless work of incendiarism
at once began, and, in a few sliort hours, the beautiful town was in ashes.
The property, thus destroyed comprised about a dozen of squares, in thebest
and most central parts of the town, including 278 residences, and places
of business, and 271 barns, stables, and outhouses, of various kinds. The
aggregate value of the property destroyed, including personal property, is
not less than $1,700,000. The Rebel General McCausland, now defends
this unparalled act of savagery, as a just and proper retaliation for the
destruction of a few houses in Virginia, by General David Hunter, of the
Union Army, but wilfully distorts Ihe facts of General Hunter's action.
This retaliation, admitting all the facts of McCausland's defence, is uni-
versally admitted to be, out of all proportion to the cause assigned ; and,
although he may be justified by the exigencies of military discipline, in
Appendix. 315
obeyinij the cruel comiuand ot his superior (jfficer, yet the fiendish and
inaligiiaat alacrity, a-j well as the atrocious inhumanity, with whicli ii was
executed, admit ot neiiher palliation, nor deletice; and the name of
McCausland, must ever remim associated, in common and irredeemable
infamy, witii tliose incarnate fiends, Caligula, and the brutal Duke of Alra,
whose unexampled terocity, he so conspicuously emulated in the destruc-
tion of Cliambf rsburg. Nor is tliis the full measure of his infamy ; for,
nothing but tlie dt^termined opposition, and siij^enor humanity, ot some of
his officers, prevented him trnm m irking the destruction of the town, with
horror s, befor*^ wliich, would pale the most heinous deeds, oi these libels on
humanity. Inconceivably iKirrible as the fact may seem, yet, it is never-
theless true, that General jMcCausiand, wis with difficulty persuaded from
applying the midnight toich, to the liomes of Chambersburg's, sleeping
citizens, and by this heartless crime, consuming them in their burning
homes,
THE FLOOD.
On the 24th of Novetnber, 1877, the town was visited by a freshet on
the Conococheague creek, whicli exceeded in the height of the water, and
the loss of property, any fnshet, of which we have any record. The
water rose, within sev^en hours, to tiie height of fourteen feet above or-
dinary water mark, and destroyed and damaged property, within that time
to the value of $20,000. It carried away an irim bridge, whic"! spanned the
creek, where the road crosses it at Heyser's Straw Board Mill; flooded the
pump, and engine house, of the water works to the depth of 6 feet; tore
out the western end of the Woolen Mill ; carried away a blacksmith shop,
from the yard of Miller's Hotel property; flooded Miller's Hotel, to the
deptli of 14 inches in the bar room ; caused the falling in of the northern
end of the stone bridge, on Market Street; carried away the foundation
walls from under the b.ack building, of the dwelling, of Mr. Ephraim Fina-
frock ; damaged the western abutment of the alley bridge, at the brewery,
to such an extent as to require it to be taken down and rebuilt; flooded
the lower floor of Ludwig's Brewery ; rose to such a height at the Gas
Works, as to shut off the supply of gas from the town ; caused a loss to H,
Sierer & Co. of $10,000 in the destruction of buildings, and property car-
ried away; tore out about seventy-five feet of the northern wing- wall of
the Wolffstown bridge, and carried away the pier of the bridge, besides a
lartre amount of damage to other property, by flooding and washing.
The night of the 34th of November, 1877, will long be remembered by
the citizens of Chambersburg as one of dread, anxie y, and gloom. Dread,
at the idea of the fearful destruction, which they knew must follow such
an unusual rise of the waters in the creek ; anxiety to know what the light
of the next day would disclose; and gloom, at the darkness, which could
almost be felt, and which could not be remedied, on account of the gas,
being shut oft' by the flooding, of a portion of tiie Gas Works. At 11
o'clock the fire bells rang a general alarm, which caused a feeling of terror,
to strike through the hearts of the citizens, such as they had not ex-
perienced, since the Friday succeeding the burning of the town, by the
Rebels, in July, 1864. The alarm was occasioned by the falling in of the
western wall of the Woolen Mill, which caused the burstingof an oil
lamp, burning in the building, at the time, and which, set fire to a portion
of the mill, but was speedily extinguished by the fire apparatus belonging
to the establishment. This flood will long be remembered as an era in
the history of the town, and one to which the "oldest inhabitant" of the
distant future, can refer, to with a serious pride.
^1^ Appendix.
THE RENFIIEW ESTATE-
On the banks of the t,'rniid old Conooncli. Hgiu', an J not far from where
it emerges a wild mountain stream, irom the r»icky and picturesque gorsjea
of the far-tamed Soutli Mountain, Samuel Beckbel located a tract of laud
as early as 1793. This tract passed into the possession of John R^ntrew,
Dec. 30tb, 1806, the consi.leralinn being a little over eleven pounds Penn-
sylvania currency. It is probable that prior to this timt-, little or no i.u-
proviuir had been done, l>ut John Renfrew was a ftiring man, and under
his energetic and untiring etforls, the primeval torest rapidly gave way to
cultivated fields, and the sound of the axe and hiiiiuier awakui' d eci.oes
new and strange in the dense uiidergrowtli triuiiinu tlu CinociclH ague,
while that hitherto impetuous and uneducnfeil stream no haigei tl<iwed on
in all of its wild freedom, bui held in bondage by ihe sturdy pioneer, was
forced to turn the busy wheel witli scarce a murmur of reyret over its
departed independence. The yoke John ]{enfrew imp'ised on tlie riotous
stream has never been broken, and, although disastrous flood? attended with
much destruction of property have occurr»'d, the water ixuvt-r which is no
less than 16 feet fall, is still utdiz^d both for a i^riat, and sa.^ mill. Joljn
Renfrew was married to Jan^ Rea, and died in 1844. His son Samuel
married Hannah Lindsey, the fruits of this marriage were tour sons, Jojm
R.,_ Robert A., David A., aad Samuel. After the death of his first wjte,
which occured while the children were yet small, Samuel married as his
second wife. Mariraret Andrew. Their only son, James, now livet. in
Kansas. David lives in Butler C<mnty, Pa. Robert A. married Hannah
A. Thomson, in 1849. They had eleven children, Samuel L., Thomson,
Mary Elizabeth, D. L., Sallie A, Samuel T., John Agnew, Annie C
Robert M., Sarah R., and Hannah Jane; Sauiuel L. died Am;. 9th 1850;
Thomson died Dec. 20th, 1851; Sallie A. died Sept. 24th, 1857; Samuel
T. died Feb. 18th, 1859; Hannah died Jan. 20ih. 1873. and Annie C. died
March 4th, 1873. Hannah A., wife of Robert A., died June 3d, 1871. He
survived her but a few years, dying June 20th, 1874. (){ the five children
remaining on the home place, but one, David L , is married, he married
Ida A. Breckenridge,in 1877. The farm contains 180 acres, of which 100
is cleared. The house, a commodious and convenient mansion, is built of
brick, previous to its completion the family lived in a log house that stood
some distance below. The property is located two miles east of Fayette-
ville, in Green Township, near the pike leading to Gettysburg. The
postoffice is Black's Gap. Situated in a country of picturesque beauty, rich
in agricultural wealth and convenient of access to the outside world, this
old homestead is one of the most interesting of the many beautiful proper-
ties for which Franklin County is justly famous.
THE WAYNESBORO MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY,
located at Waynesboro, was chartered April 2d, 1870. It is managed by
twelve directors elected annually by the policy holders. The present
ofBcers of the company are Simon Lecron, President, Jacob J. Miller,
Vice President, A. H. Strickier, Secretary, and S. B. Rinehart, Treasurer
It now carries insurance of over two mil'ion dollars of property, and
has paid fire losses since its organization to the amount of over $35,000.
All policies insure against loss or damage by fire and lightning, and
are issued with, or without liability to assessment.
RESIDENCE OF S. R. BURNS, ESQ., SCOTLAND, FRANKLIN COUNTY, PA.
This is one of the most pleasant and attractive homes in the neighbor-
hood, as a glance at the illustration will show. Mr. Burns is a lineal de-
scendant of Archibald Bourns, who emigrated from Scotland, about the year
1751. For a more full account of his ancestry, the reader is referred to
page 298 where the history of the old homestead is given in full.
317
E R RATA.
— o —
MERCERSBURG COLLEGE, PAGES 259, 260 AKB 261.
The last word ot Uie third line ot the second paragraph, should read
Classes iusleaa of "Classis." In the third para^rah, ot same page, the
words ••Christian Scliolars," siiould be subsiitiUed to: ''Uie Ihinkt rs of
the Church."
WAYNESBORO HOTEL, PAGE 265.
Thi^ is located on l,>i No. 36 instead of '-yO" as printed.
FARM AND HOMESTEAD OP PHAREZ DUFFIELD, PAGE 266 .
The biru was biilt lu 186t> iosiead ot -1866." The date of the deatli
of Josiah Unffield is kno»vn, he hdving died in 1852. In next to the last
line •'John J." sh 'Uld be tiimon J.
L. S. FORNEY'S TANNEXiY, PAGES 266 AND 267.
The, name '•Schrieoer" wherever occurring should be Shricer The
name "Winchester, Md." should be Westminster.
RESIDENCE OP JACOB J. MILLER, PAGE 267.
The homestead lirst mentioned in Uns aittcle is not the home of Jacob
J. Miller bat the old lumiestead of the Miller tamily, and is now occupitd
by Franklin Miller, a cousin of Jacob J. Miller. It is not directly on, bat
near the Hagerstown road. The father ot Jacob J. Miller does nut reside
on ibis pro,)rtny, as is incorrectly slated, baton a portion of the farm
mentioned in the article. He married Eve Karbaugh instead of Harbaugh
as it is printed. Daniel R., tiie name of his second son, should read
David R. The farm of Jacob J. Miller, the buildings of which are illus-
trated is situated four miles south-west of Waynesboro, and the property
was formerly owned by his father. The name of Mary Elizabeth should
read Mai/ Elizabeth. The farm is nearly all a portion of a tract of 640
acres called "Troxel's Square," and which was deeded by Richard and
Wm. Penn, proprietors, during the last century.
ST. JOHN'S EVANGELICAL CHURCH, OF MERCERSBURG, PA., PAGE 270.
The second word in the tifth line should be known instead of "know."
Conewago instead ot "Oonewego." The words "confined" instead of
"continued" and "where" instead of loere both are typographical errors.
Rev. Roth was succeeded by Rev. A. M. Wuetstone, Aug. 1st, 1873, in-
stead of "Jan. 1st, 1866," as printed. /Rev. A. J. Besson instead of
"Hessan."
J. A. harper's CARRIAGE "WORKS, PAGES 271 AND 272.
The distance of Greenmount from Gettysburg is fi'ee miles instead of
''ten" as printed.
RESIDENCE AND OFFICE OF DR. BENJ. FRaNTZ, PAGE 274.
"Drs. Martin and Jacob Muner," should reid Musser. Dr. Frantz was
married Oct. 7th, 1849, instead of "Oct. 13th," as printed. The clausa
"on account of persecution by the Lutherans and Catholics, who de-
nounced their religious belief, they being Anabaptists," should read, o?i
account of religious persecution.
hall of I. O. O. F. OF WAYNESBORO, PAGES 275, 276 AND 277.
It is a hard matter at any time to print a long list of names free from
error, and particularly when furnished in a handwriting with which one
is not familiar. There is therefore an unusually large number of errors
here to correct: —
In the names of the building committee "W. J. Hikle" should read
as W. I. Bikle. The member admitted May 4th, 1847 was Michael Han-
318 Errata.
stiiie instead of ''Haustiup," Feb 8 li, 1848, Divid Wiakfie.ld insttad of
'•Winkfeeld," May Dili, 1848, Marlin J. Benty ic3ti-ad ol "Kt-ai}," Feb.
27lh, 1849, Peter hock iusiead ot •"Docii," Marcii l:5ili, Diuiel I'otte.r in-
stead of "Patier," N )v. 27Hi, J'lCoL) B. LJrenaeiuui iuhtt^ad of "Jacob
Brennfiiian," April Ist, 1801, Gi;orge d. Wright iusieaiJ ot "Wight,"
Jan. 14lli, 1802, Henry Ifur/er instead nf "Niiifer," Fel>. '7tli, 18U:5, Jno.
A. Streaiy instead of "VVni," Jan. 27iii, 1806, J. F. .Re im/i «//.(/«;• instead
of "Renimger," "W. A. Price" sliouid be spt-lh-d W. A- /Vije; insiead,
Aug. 14lh, 1806, lieubtn bhover instead of "Slioner," Feb. 13ib, 1867,
F. D. French instead of "L. U." Nov. 36ih, 1867, Jos. F. VVab< r instead
of "Jos." Lewis M. Lei^inijsr instead ot '"L" i^-niyer," Jan. oili, 1864), C.
iV. Schrader instead of "(J. *[ Stroader," Jan. 12ih, 1868, W. J. Bikle
instead of" VV. J." Feb. 9th, 1859, Wm. A . Haii'^tine instead of"Hans»tine,"
Oct. 26tL, 1868, ^^an.U(lii(/6'//.sin!rtead ot "Kiifis," Oct. 2otli, 1870, David
W. Minor instead of "David M." Dic 27tli, 1870, Tiieo. G. Dosh instead
of ''Docli," April 11th, 1871, Samuel NeLCCDiner in-tead of "Neowcomer,"
July 4th, 1871, J. fA M. Lecrone, int-tead of "J.,M." July llih, 1872, D.
F Royer instead of "Kozer," Dec. 17th, 1872,' J. Oiwe/- Besore instead
of "J. Aliver.
FARM AND RESIDENCE OP COL. "WM. D. DIXON, PAGE 281.
The name of the wife of Win. Di.Kon should be read "Agnes Duulap"
instead of "Nancy Dunlap" as printed.
THE STIilCKLER FAMILY, PAGES 281, 282 AND 283.
On page 283 the date "1871" in the fourth line sliould read 1870,
"Samuel Gans, D. D." on the same pa^e should read I) miel Gaus, D. D.
RESIDENCE OF DANIEL HOOVER, PAGES 284 AND 285.
Mr. Hoover married Miss Elizabeth Newcomer, daugt)ter of John, and
Catherine Newcomer. She was reared near Ringtrold Washington Co.,
Md. They have had five children of whom Virtue Elizabetli, Ira N., and
Percy Daniel are living, and Amon B., and Lester Snively are deceased.
Tiie occupation of David Zentmyer, grandfather of Mr. Hoover, wa&
tanning instead of "farming" as printed.
STEAM JOB PRINTING OFFICE OF A. 6. BLAIR, PAGE 285.
We omited to mention that this was the only steam printing ofRce in
Franklin County.
EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH OP GREENCASTLE, PAGES 285 AND 286.
The following came to hand too late for comparison with the original
article, and we print it entire: —
Prior to the year 1795 the members of the Lutheran Church of this place
worshipped in connection withtlie German Reformed congregation, using
the "Old Log Church," which stood upon the present burying ground ot
the latter denomination, and was the first house of worship erected in the
town. The corner stone of the first Lutheran church was laid on the
13th day of Sept. 1792, as stated in a copy of paper depos.ted in the stone,
which document also gives the following names of the earlier members: —
Nye, Bayer, ?aylor, Bashore, Heotiich, Gerard, Hochlender, Simon,
Brundlinger, Zimmerman, Schaffner, Klapsaddle, Wagner, Peifer and
Mann. The building was not Hnished until 1795 when Rev. J)hn Ruth-
rauff took charge, and served the congregation for forty years, conduct-
ing service in the German language. The first English pastor. Rev. John
Reck was installed in 1834 and was succeeded by Rev. Jer. Harpel in 1835.
During his ministry, in 1837, the church building was enlarged. Pastors
succeeded in the following order: Rev. Jacob Martin 1839; Rev. Peter
Sahu D. D. 1840; Rev. Michael Eyster 1845; Rev. Christian F. Kunkle
served as supply during part of 1850, when Rev. James M. Harkey became
Errata. ' 319
pastor. He was followed by Rev. Edward Breidenbaugh in 1852 whose
term of service extended over a period of 13 years. Following bim, in
lS6o, Rev. p. of. Wm. F. Eysler; 1869 Rev. T. T. Everett, and in 1872
Rt-v. Frederick Klinefelter, tlie present incumbent. In Aug. 1874 the
conijreuation resolved to erectarew church edifice upon the site ot the
old. The plans and specifications were furnished by Mr. S. D. Button,
arcliilect, of Phiindelpliia, and the contract was awarded to Messrs. F.
& J. VVaidlicb of Mercnrsbury;. The building is of brick, its width 48
feet, and lentitb. including tower and recess, 85 feet. The spire is 136
feet liigb, covered witli slnte. as is also the roof. Tlie last service in the
old church was iield on the 14tb day of March, 1875, and the first in the
new, lecture room Feb. 6tli, 1876, the corner stone having been laid June
IStii, 1875.
ELDER J. P. OLLLEK, PAGES 286 AND 287.
The word '"Rev." wiierever it appears io this article should be substi-
tuted with "Elder." "Mary B." in the last line should read "May B."
iufctead.
EESIDESCE OF DAKIEL GEfSER, PAGES 287 AND 288.
He was born "M>irch 24r,li, 1824," instead of "March lllh," as printed.
The first wife of Mr. Geiser died -'April 4th, 1851." instead of "1861."
FARM OF DANIEL BONEBREAK, PAGES 288 AND 289.
The date '-1850" in the seventh line on page 289 should be "1859," the
new buildings having been erected the same years the old ones were re-
moved. The JaraesMcLanahan tract now owned by Henry Bonebreak
consists of "94" acres instead of "24" as incorrectly printed. Conrad
Bonebreak, the gracdtather of Daniel Bonebreak, had four sons and three
daughters nearly all of whom made their homes on the Antietam.
TRINITY REFORMED CHURCH, PAGE 291.
In tlie last line, the eighth word should be "year" instead of "years."
people's REGISTER, PAGE 292.
AUhough not a subject of illustration we could not omit a notice of this
tnterprising journal which had been overlooked by the editor of the
"Historical Sketches," and we regret to see that in the fifth line the word
"dropped" is misspelled and also the word "projector" in the seventh,
the first being spelled "droped" and the second "projeotor."
DRY GOODS BUSINESS HOUSE, OF J. P. AND J. M. WOLF, PAGE 293.
In the eleventh line tbe word "adapted" should be read adopted.
THE VALLEY SPIRIT NEWSPAPER, PAGES 294, 295 AND 296.
"Atterward" in the fifth line on page 295 uhould be afterward.
"BELFAST," THE PROPERTY OF SIMON LECRON, PAGES 297 AND 298-
John Lecron, the father of Simon, did not die upon the "Belfast" farm.
He resided there until the spring of 1849, when he bought a farm, one
mile south, in Washington Township, where he lived until his death.
THE BURNS PLACE, PAGES 298, 299 AND 300.
The name "John Burns" in the fifth line on page 299 should be John
Bourns. The date "1773" in the fifth line on page 299 should be "1774."
The ninth line on page 300 should read Nancy, John Francis, Samuel
Rea, Esther Elizabeth, and Jeremy Morrow. In the twelfth line page 300
"Esther S." should read Esther E.
FARM AND RESIDENCE OF MRS MARY A. BRADLEY, PAGE 303.
This property is located in Montgomery Township, directly along the
pike leading from Greencastle to Mercersburg, through a blunder it was
was printed "Peters." Too late for the article^ the request was made, that
320 Errata.
the name of the late deceased owner, S. A.. Bradlfy, Etq., be attached to
this article. We regret it vvas too late t<» make the cliapge.
FARM AND KESIDENCE OF E. S. BAEK, PAGE 304.
In the eighth line troni the close of the article "York County, " shouh)
read Little York.
THRUSH, PERLET «S. CO , PAGES 306 and 307.
Mr. Thrush learned his trade with H. R Carmany instead of "Emmory"
as printed. We received, too late, a suggestion to change the heading to
Thrush, Perlett & Stough.
MILL PROPERTY OF A. N. RYDER, PAGE 307.
The name "Worty" should be spelled Werty.
FARM OF DANIEL BOLLINGER, P/ GE 308.
The product of corn for the year 1871, on this place was 1500 instead of
1000 bushels. The name of "Hannah A." in the fourth line from the
bottom of the page should he Alice H.
RESIDENCE OF PETER ROUZER, PAGE 310.
Martin Rouz(!r married Kosanah (je/via«':J instead of '"Germund." Peter
liouzer was married to Miss Mary Jane, daughter of Samuel Haugh, Feb.
17th 18.>9, their children were David W., Charles A., Emma K. Clara M..
Jennie K., Mary L., Harry W., Rosa I., Nettie R., and i^amuel M., of
these David W., Harry W., and Samuel M., died in infancy. This should
be substituted for the corresponding sentence in the original.
W. H. M'CORMICK, pages 312 AND 313.
The buildings removed by Mr. McCormick to make room for his present
commodious residence, were not erected by Alexander McConnell, but by
Wm. Harvey. The West Branch referred to is the West Branch of the
Conococheague.
THE RENFREW ESTATE, PAGE :'.16.
Samuel Renfrew, son of John Renfrevv, died in the spring of 1854.
381
Page.
Page.
H. PViepler & Son's Planing Mill 210
J Hoke S: Co's Dry Goods Store 211
Brand i^ Speer's Grocery Store 211
Chambersburg, F.a-^t of Third Street 212
A. V. Keineman's Jewelry Store 213
(;eo- A. Miller & Sons Hardware Store 214
Dr. J. L- Siiesserott's, Residence 215
Mrs. IjOui-~a Ludwig's Residence 218
Cbambersbui-g Academy 2ig
Indian Queen Hotel 220
^V. C McNulty's Grocery Store 221
Forbes & Earhart's Marble Yard 221
Antrim House 222
W. H. Eyster's Store 22:5
C H. Cressler's Drug Store 223
National Hotel 224
Diamond Notion House . 226
Central Presbyterian Church 226
B. F. Winger's Residence 22S
S. P. Shull's .Marb e Yard 228
Hon. W. S. Stenuer's Residence 229
Massacre of School Children 230
Montgomery House •.■.232
Ciowell it Co's Shops 233
N'urderof Renfrew Sisters 236
Franiclin Furnace 238
(ine of the iirst American Cannon 239
Melchi Snively's Residence 240
Frick & Co's Works _ 241
J. K Andrew's Farm 242
<.> W. Good's Distillery 243
Abrara Shockey's Farm 244
David Eshleman's Farm 245
Geiser Manufacturing Co 245
The Old Kovne Farm 246
Jos. Boyd's Farm 247
Robt. Johnson's Property » 247
Woolen Mill of J. B. White 248
J. B. Cook's Farm 248
Jos. Crawford's Farm 249
Buena Vista Hotel 250
Manufacture of Straw Paper 251
Robert Kennedy Memorial Church 255
DavidMiller's Clermont Hotel 257
J. H. Beeler's Residence & Manufactory,. 257
Cleo. W. Etter's Oak Grove Fish Farm 258
JSlercersburg College 259
Adam Forney's Residence 261
Jacob Hege's Property 262
John Walker's Property 263
Residence of J. M. Ripple, M. D 264
Waynesboro Hotel 265
Pharez Duffield's Property 266
L. S. Forney's Tannery 266
Jacob J. Miller's ResiJence 267
Late James Crawford's Property 26S
A. M. Hoke's Residence 269
Addison Imbrie's Property 269
St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church. ..270
John Croft's Farm 270
J. A. Harper's Carriage Works 271
Samuel Plum's Property 272
Jacob Middour's Property 273
Dr. Benj Frantz' Residence 274
L < >. O. F Hall at Waynesboro 275
Dr. I. N. Snively's "Antietam Home"
Property 277
Dr E. A. Hering's Rei>dence 279
Col Wm. D. Dixon's Farm & Residence. .280
Spring Dale Farm 281
Record of the Strickler Family 281
S. W. Solenberger's "Farmer's Delight"
Property 283
Daniel Hoover's Property 284
E. H. Hagcrman's Store and Residence 285
A. G. Blair's Steam Job Printing Office 285
Evangelical Lutheran Church 285
Elder J. F Oiler's Residence. 286.
Daniel Geiser's Residence 287
, Waynesboro Caves 288
D. Bonebreak's Farm .....288
Montgomery Mills 289
"Rock Dale" J. F. Kieffer's Residence 290
Trinity Reformed Church 291
People's Register 292
Jas P. & J. M. Wolfs Store 293
F. Forthman's Store 293
Dr. J. S. Flickinger's Property 293
Valley Spirit Newspaper 294
J. P. Stover's Property 296
S. Lecron's "Belfast" Farm 297
J M. Burn's Farm 298
J. Phillip's "Fair View" Place 300
S. B. Rinehart's Store 301
Public School Building of Waynesboro 302
Mrs. M. A. Bradley's Property 303
E. S. Baer's Property 304
B. E. Price's Farm 304
H. Walters' Property 305
Thrush, Perlett & Co's Carriage Works.. ..306
A. N. Ryder's Mill Property 307
Daniel HoUinger's Farm 308
Monterey Springs Hotel 309
C. H. Buhrman's Property 309
Peter Rouzer's Property 310
Hopewell Mill & Residence of J. Burger. ..310
Samuel Carver's Property 311
W. H. McCormick's Farm 312
Village Record Newspaper 313
J. Hemminger's Property 313
C. Gillan's Hotel and Farm 313
Burning of Chambersburg 3'4
The Flood 3^5
The Renfrew Estate 3^6
Waynesboro Mutual Fire Insurance Co 316
S. R. Burns' Residence 3'^
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Andrews, James K.
Antrim House
Baer, E. S.
Beeler, J. d.
Blair, A. G.
Blair, W. I. O. O. F. Hall
Facing Page
44
222
245
179
271
275
Facing Page
Bonebreak, Daniel
Boyd, Joseph " "
Bradley, Mrs. S. A. " "
Brand & Speer " "
Buena Vista Springs, V. B. Gilbert Pro-
prietor Facing Page 112
306
74
323
>/
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Kuhrnian, C. H. Facing I'age ici'i
Burns, J. Morrow " '■ 298
Burns. S. R. " " 75
Central Presbyterian ("hurch. Chanibers-
buri; Between Pages 226-7
Ch am b'sburg Academy Facing Title Page
Clermont Houie, Blue Kidge Sunj-
niit Between I'ages 132-3
Cook. Jacob B. Facing Page 6j
County Court Houses, Frontispiece
Crawlord Joseph Facing Page 138
Crawford. Milton " " 139
Cressler, C. H. " " 68
Croft, John " "
Crowell J. B. & Company. <ireeiicas-
tle Between P,iges 112-13
IJixon, Col Wm. D. " ' 180-1
llufficld, Pharez Facing Page 271
Eshleman, David " "
Etter, George W. " "
Evangeli4pl Lutheran Church Creencas
tie ' Facing Page
Fyster, Will H.
Flickinger. Dr. John S. " "
_ Forbes & Earhart " "
Forney, Adam " "
Forney, L. S " "
Forthman, F. " "
Franklin Furnace " "
Franti- Dr. B. " "
Frick, Jacob " "
Wayne-boro Steam Boiler
Works, Between "
(jarver, Samuel Facing "
Gillan Charles " "
(Jeiser, Daniel " "
Ceiser Man'f'g Go's Works, bwt
Facing Page 221
270
126
258
.so
69
125
127
J 32
166
274
2:i8
118
Facing
Between
Facing
Geiser, Peter
Good, O. W.-
Hagerman. E. H .
Harper J. H.
Hege, Jacob
Hemminger, John
Hering, Dr. E. A. " "
Hoke, A. M. "
Hoke & Co. " "
HoUinger. D.^niel " "
Hoover, Daniel " "
Jlopewell Alills, Josiah and John Bur-
ger Facing Page
Indian Queen Hotel, Chambersburg. J.
Fisher Proprietor Facing Page
Imbrie, Addison " "
I. O. O. F. Hall
Johnston, Robert " "
Kennedy Memorial Church and Acade-
my, Welsh Run Facing Page
Kieffer. Abr.im of S.
Lecron, Hon. Simon ^„
Ludvvig, Mrs. Louiae " " 151
.McCoruiick, VV. H. " " 1S5
.McNuhy, U . C. " " t^
.Mercersbiirg College KetAeeu •' 14-15
Middour, Jacob Facing " 63
.Miller, George .\. & Son " " ir.
Miller, Jacob J. " <• 87
Monterey House, V. E. Holmes Proprie-
tor Between Pages 166-7
Montgomery House Facing Page 9
Montgomery Milb, F. & S. b Speck,
Proprietors Facing Page 14
National House, Chanib. " '• 21
North, .A. J. " " 173
Oiler Elder J. F. " " 13^
< 'rr, John K " '• 226
Philips, John " " 80
Plum, Samuel " " 3.!
Price, Benj F.. •■ 't- £1
Public School Building " " 56
Reineman, A V. " " 74
Renfrew, D. L " " 144
Renlrew, Mrs Nancy " " 145
Kinehart. S. B. " " 280
Ripple, Dr. J. M. " " 150
Kouzerville " " 154
Ryder, A. N. " " 307
Shepler, H. & Son " " 11 1
Shock\ , .'\brahrm " " 244
Shull,'S. P. " " 27
Snively, Melchi " " S
Snively, Frederick B. " " 8
Snively, Dr. I. N. Antietam
Home •' " 57
Solenbcrger, Solomon W. " " 124
Stenger, Hon. W. S. " " 119
St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church
and Parsonage Mercers-
burg Between Pages 154-5
Stover, [acob P. Facing Page 51
Strickler, Dr. A. H. " " 281
Suesscrott Dr. J. L. Lots " " 214
Suesserott, Dr. J. L. Res. " " 215
Thrush, Perlett & Stough
Shippensburg Between Pages 294-5
Valley Spirit Building Facing Page 294
Walker, John " " 38
Walter, Henry " " 100
Watson, J. & G, " " 33
Waynesboro Hotel " " 299
White, J. Burns " " 17S
Winger, Col. B. F. " " 92
Wolf, James P. & J. .M.. L O. O. F.Hall
Waynesboro Facing Page 273
^
-0
n
W." .N^
" " ,0 -
O o « ,0 ^
o
4 o .
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS
014 312 691 2
i
